Orientador: Maria da Consolação Gomes Cunha Fernandes Tavares / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T23:56:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campana_AngelaNogueiraNevesBetanho_D.pdf: 9376682 bytes, checksum: 86cf1aab28267f33a7a98e07a61df411 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A Imagem Corporal é dinâmica, estruturada nas experiências singulares do sujeito. Tanto homens quanto mulheres podem sofrer alterações na forma de vivenciar seu corpo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi ampliar a compreensão das relações de causalidade entre apreciação corporal, ansiedade físico social, desconforto em relação ao corpo masculino ideal, atitudes e comportamentos de busca pela musculatura numa amostra de homens Brasileiros jovens. Para isso, traduzimos, adaptamos transculturalmente e validamos para a língua portuguesa no Brasil as escalas Body Esteem Scale, Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, Drive for Muscularity Scale, Body Appreciation Scale, Social Physique Anxiety Scale e Masculine Body Ideal Distress Scale. Depois, fizemos a path analysis do modelo estrutural de relações entre os domínios das escalas validadas. A pesquisa compreendeu quatro fases: a de tradução e adaptação transcultural das escalas; a de validação psicométrica das escalas, a realização de grupo focal e a modelagem de equações estruturais para determinar as relações causais entre os construtos investigados. O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural seguiu cinco passos: traduções das escalas, síntese das traduções, retrotraduções, reunião de Comitê de Peritos e Pré-teste. Através da análise fatorial confirmatória, numa amostra não probabilística de 878 homens jovens, foram estabelecidas evidências de validade de construto e confiabilidade interna para todas as seis escalas deste estudo. Nos dois mini grupos focais, realizados com duas amostras de 5 alunos de graduação do curso de educação física, foi possível constatar que a aparência tem uma importância grande, que o exercícios físicos, alimentação balanceada acompanhada de suplementação alimentar, quando necessário, e descanso são os comportamentos adotados e reconhecidos como adequados para a construção de um corpo musculoso. O corpo deve ser musculoso o bastante, pois o excesso de massa muscular é avaliado ambiguamente: tanto é valorizado por sua associação aos atributos de masculinidade quanto é desvalorizado por sua associação ao uso de recursos não lícitos para a construção da musculatura. A modelagem de equação estrutural, feita numa amostra não probabilística de 1202 homens jovens, indicou que o modelo que melhor explica as relações de causalidade entre as dimensões da Imagem Corporal e que melhor demonstra o efeito destas sobre Drive for Muscularity é o que estabelece como variável exógena o construto Apreciação Corporal com todas as demais variáveis tendo efeito sobre Drive for Muscularity. Pesquisas futuras precisam investigar outros elementos influenciadores de Drive for Muscularity. Ressaltamos que esta pesquisa é de natureza exploratória, não probabilística, sendo esta uma limitação. Todavia, pensamos que os achados podem trazer contribuições à área e à continuidade dos estudos, assim como um melhor entendimento do construto Drive for Muscularity para homens comuns / Abstract: Body Image is dynamic, structured on subject's singular experiences. Both men and women can suffer disturbances in the way of experiencing their body. The aim of this research was to increase the understanding of causal relationships between body appreciation, social physique anxiety, masculine body ideal distress, and drive for muscularity in a sample of young Brazilian men. To reach our purpose, the scales Body Esteem Scale, Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, Drive for Muscularity Scale, Body Appreciation Scale, Social Physique Anxiety Scale and Masculine Body Ideal Distress Scale were translated, transculturally adapted and validated to Brazilian Portuguese. Afterwards, we made a path analysis on the structural model. The research had four phases: the scales translation and transcultural adaptation; the psychometric validation; focus group and the structural equation modeling to define causal relationships between the constructs. Translation and transcultural adaptation process followed five steps: translation, synthesis of translation, backtranslation, experts committee and pretest. Using confirmatory factor analysis, in a non-probabilistic sample of 878 young men, satisfactory evidences of internal reliability and construct validity were generated for all six scales. Two mini focus groups, with two individual samples of five physical education undergraduate students, showed that appearance has a great importance. Also, exercise trainings, balanced diet, accompanied by food supplementation, when necessary, and rest are attitudes and behaviors adopted and recognized as suitable to build a muscular body. The body must be muscular enough, because excessive muscularity is ambiguous: can be valued by the association with masculinity attributes and, on the other hand, devalued by the association with illicit muscular building resources. Structural Equation Modeling, made in a non-probabilistic sample of 1202 young men, showed that the best model to explain causal relationships between Body Image attitudinal dimensions addressed in this research and the effect of them on drive for muscularity is the one that establishes Body Appreciation as the exogenous variable, with all other variables having effect on drive for muscularity. Future researches must evaluate other elements that can cause effect on drive for muscularity. We would like to emphasize that this research is exploratory, non -probabilistic, being those limitations for our conclusions. Nevertheless, we thought that our results could bring contributions to our field and to future investigations, as well as to a better understanding of drive for muscularity in the ordinary men / Doutorado / Atividade Fisica, Adaptação e Saude / Doutor em Educação Física

Orientador: Maria da Consolação G. C. Fernandes Tavares / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T21:45:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_CarolinadeOliveira_M.pdf: 1642289 bytes, checksum: acbe311e1790098ea45d54923c951123 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A carência de instrumentos para avaliar a imagem corporal de mulheres com câncer de mama validados no Brasil tem dificultado o desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre o tema. A validação do instrumento "Body Image after Breast Cancer Questionnaire" para o português do Brasil tem como objetivo diminuir essa carência e ampliar as possibilidades de avaliação da Imagem Corporal em mulheres com câncer de mama, auxiliando em seus tratamentos. O processo de tradução e a adaptação cultural do instrumento envolveu 9 profissionais e uma voluntária da população alvo nas seguintes fases: Tradução, Reunião de Síntese, Retrotradução e Comitê de Peritos. Foram realizados pré-testes com a população alvo até que se obtivesse uma versão clara do instrumento. Foram realizados 3 pré-testes com um total de 20 mulheres até que se chegasse à versão final do instrumento. Um total de 383 questionários foram respondidos por mulheres com câncer de mama, pacientes de hospitais, clínicas e ONG's dos estados de Alagoas, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco e São Paulo. A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória confirmou o modelo original do instrumento, porém nove itens foram eliminados por apresentarem baixas cargas fatoriais. Após a eliminação desses itens, o ajuste do questionário teve a seguinte configuração... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The lack of instruments to assess body image in women with breast cancer validated in Brazil has hampered the research development on the subject. The validity of the "Body Image after Breast Cancer Questionnaire" to the Portuguese of Brazil has the purpose of reducing this gap and extending the possibilities of evaluation in women with breast cancer, aiding in their treatment. The process of translation and cultural adaptation of the instrument involved nine professionals and a volunteer of the target population in the following phases: translation, meeting for summary, back-translation and the committee of experts. Pre-tests were performed with the target population until achieving a clear version of the instrument. Three pre-tests were conducted with a total of 20 women until the final version of the instrument had been reached. A total of 383 questionnaires were filled out by women with breast cancer, patients in hospitals, clinics and NGOs in the states of Alagoas, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco and São Paulo. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the original model of the instrument, however, nine items were eliminated because they had low factor loadings. After the removal of these items, the adjustment of the questionnaire had the following configuration ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document / Mestrado / Atividade Fisica Adaptada / Mestre em Educação Física

Orientador: José Martins Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T16:06:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_Ubirajarade_D.pdf: 1483307 bytes, checksum: 6b3b633d6418018ec5561e9f5ace81a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A dimensão mais valorizada do corpo, na contemporaneidade, é a aparência, pois o corpo belo, jovem e magro tornou-se objeto de consumo, sendo exaltado, sobretudo, pelos meios de comunicação e pela publicidade. Importantes implicações para a saúde, em decorrência da massificação desse discurso de exaltação do corpo, são sentidas, especialmente, entre os adolescentes. Tais implicações vão dos distúrbios alimentares ao consumo de esteróides anabolizantes. Este culto do corpo, em que estilo, forma, aparência e juventude contam como seus mais importantes atributos, leva-nos a considerar que, atualmente, o corpo pode ser modelado, construído e reconstruído. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de identificar entre adolescentes do sexo masculino sua relação com a prática de musculação com a finalidade de alteração corporal por meio da utilização dos EAA. Na metodologia utilizou-se um estudo epidemiológico, mediante um corte transversal da população, envolvendo 3150 adolescentes do sexo masculino praticantes de musculação, com idade entre 15 a 20 anos e matriculados em escolas do município de São Paulo, que foi realizado através de questionário investigativo a que os sujeitos foram submetidos após um estudo piloto. Foi feita uma análise descritiva dos resultados entre as variáveis do estudo realizado pelo teste não-paramétrico do Quiquadrado, considerando como intervalo de confiança 95%. Os resultados apontam que os adolescentes apresentaram alto nível de satisfação com sua corporeidade quando há alteração corporal no que diz respeito ao aumento da massa. Os resultados mostram também que a prática de musculação na academia com esse fim tem sido feita sem orientação profissional e tem se caracterizado pela predisposição ao consumo dos EAA. Mesmo afirmando não saber o que são, os adolescentes declaram assumir o risco de utilização com objetivo estético. Na busca pelo corpo perfeito, estes estão associando a prática da musculação à predisposição ao uso dos EAA, tendo na academia o lugar propício para este envolvimento, o que se transforma em um problema de saúde pública em função da sua ausência de conhecimento sobre os efeitos reais do uso dessas substâncias / Abstract: The body's most valued dimension, in contemporary times, is the appearance, whereas the beautiful, young and thin body has become an object of consumption, exalted above all by the media and advertising. Important implications for health, due to the massification of this discourse on the exaltation of the body, affect especially adolescents. These implications range from eating disorders to consumption anabolic steroids. This cult of the body, of which style, form, appearance and youth count as its most important attributes, leads to the conclusion that, currently, the body can be modeled, built and rebuilt. The aim of this work was to identify among adolescent males their relation to the practice of bodybuilding for the purpose of body modification and the use of AAS. As methodology, an epidemiologicalstudy was appliedusing a cross-section of the population involving 3150 bodybuildersmaleadolescents, aged 15 to 20 years enrolled in schools of São Paulo city through investigative questionnaire applied to the subjects after a pilot study. It was made a descriptive analysis of the variables of the study conducted by the nonparametric Chi-square test, considering a confidence interval of 95%. Results have shown that adolescents demonstrated a high level of satisfaction with their corporeality when there is possibility of body change with regard to mass increase. Results have shown yet that the practice of bodybuilding at the gym has been made without professional guidance and is characterized by the predisposition to consumption of AAS. Even claiming not to know what they are, adolescents declare to assume the risk for use with aesthetic goal. It was observed that adolescents, in the search for the perfect body, are associating the practice of bodybuilding with the predisposition for the use of AAS, having the gym as the appropriate place for this involvement, what leads to a public health problem due to their lack of knowledge about the actual effects of using these substances / Doutorado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Maria da Consolação Gomes Cunha Fernandes Tavares / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T01:05:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Morgado_FabianeFrotadaRocha_D.pdf: 3909521 bytes, checksum: 5e4d5ae673ae47c748b049a91523a2a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A autoaceitação é a aceitação de si mesmo da maneira que se é por meio do reconhecimento das próprias características positivas e negativas e da valorização daquelas características consideradas positivas. Esse constructo é considerado um mecanismo psicológico central para o quadro de imagem corporal positiva, portanto, um importante elemento para o desenvolvimento integrado da personalidade. Embora sua importância, há uma lacuna no conhecimento atual a respeito da autoaceitação de pessoas com cegueira congênita ou precoce, a qual pode estar relacionada a uma observada escassez de instrumentos válidos e precisos para investigar essa questão. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi ampliar as possibilidades de avaliar a autoaceitação em pessoas com cegueira congênita ou precoce, por meio da criação e investigação das qualidades psicométricas de uma escala específica para essa finalidade, denominada "Escala de Autoaceitação para pessoas com cegueira congênita ou precoce" (EAC). Três estudos compuseram esta pesquisa. No estudo 1, foram gerados 33 itens iniciais para a EAC, dispostos em quatro fatores distintos - "gostar do corpo", "cuidar do corpo", "proteger-se de estigmas sociais" e "sentir-se capaz". Para essa finalidade, foram utilizadas informações provindas da literatura especializada e de dois grupos focais realizados com 11 adultos com cegueira congênita ou precoce. No estudo 2, nove peritos e 22 sujeitos com cegueira congênita ou precoce avaliaram o conteúdo da EAC. Como resultado, sete itens foram excluídos, um item foi incluído e 22 itens foram reformulados, o que determinou indícios de validade de conteúdo da nova escala. No estudo 3, as qualidades psicométricas da EAC foram avaliadas. A amostra foi composta por 318 sujeitos com cegueira congênita ou precoce. Utilizando a análise fatorial confirmatória como a principal estratégia para a análise dos dados, a versão final da escala foi composta de 18 itens, distribuídos em três fatores - "aceitação corporal", "proteção de estigmas sociais" e "sentimentos e crenças de capacidade" - com adequados parâmetros de validade convergente, discriminante e confiabilidade. Esperamos que a EAC possibilitasse o desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras que investiguem a autoaceitação em pessoas que não enxergam desde idades precoces, contribuindo tanto para ampliação consistente do conhecimento nesta área, quanto para inclusão expressiva desse grupo nos estudos da área da imagem corporal / Abstract: Self-acceptance is the acceptance of oneself, as the person is, through the recognition of its own positive and negative characteristics and the valorization of those characteristics considered as positive. This construct is considered as a central psychological characteristic for the positive body image, and therefore, an important element for the integrate personality development. Although its importance, there is a theoretical lack of knowledge about the self-acceptance of persons with congenital or early blindness, which could be related with scarcity of psychometric sound scales to investigate this issue. The aim of this research was amplify the possibilities of self-acceptance evaluation in persons with congenital or early blindness, with the development and psychometric analysis of a specific scale, called "Self-acceptance Scale for people with congenital or early blindness" (SAS). Three studies were made in this research to achieve our aims. In study 1, 33 initial items were generated for SAS, organized in four theoretical distinct factors - "body appreciation", "body care", "and self-protection from social stigmas", "feeling oneself capable". Item generation was based in specialized theoretical information form literature review and information collected from two focus groups, realized with 11 adults with congenital or early blindness. In study 2, nine experts and 22 participants with congenital or early blindness evaluated the content of SAS. The resulted point for the exclusion of 7 items, an inclusion of an additional item, and the review and reformulation of 22 items, which determined the content validity of SAS. In study 3, the psychometric parameters of SAS were evaluated. The samples were composed by 318 participants with congenital or early blindness. Confirmatory factor analyses were used as main statistic method for data analysis. The scale final version was composed by 18 items, distributed in 3 factors - "body acceptance", "self-protection from social stigmas", "felling and believing in oneself capacities", showing adequate evidences of concurrent and discriminant validity and internal reliability. We hope that SAS could possibility o development of future researches focused in investigate self-acceptance in persons that are not able to see since early ages, contributing both for the consistent growth of the knowledge in this area and the consistent inclusion of this group in body image research / Doutorado / Atividade Fisica Adaptada / Doutor em Educação Física

Orientador: Antonieta Marília de Oswald de Andrade / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T11:24:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yakhni_Mathilda_M.pdf: 22392636 bytes, checksum: 7aa437c5c34999f142ed71033c9dc05e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O presente estudo tem como ponto de partida a idéia de que o Método Feldenkrais de Educação Somática pode ser um interessante parceiro no treino e no desenvolvimento de dançarinos de diferentes técnicas e estilos. A expectativa, ao longo do processo, é saber se os dançarinos participantes percebem diferenças em seu treino cotidiano após terem vivenciado o processo proposto. Para captar a idéia de cada participante sobre dançar, treinar e sobre o processo vivido durante o presente estudo foram utilizados entrevistas e observação de desempenho dos dançarinos enquanto realizavam seus treinos (gravados em vídeo), antes e depois de passarem pelo processo do Método Feldenkrais de Educação Somática. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com métodos qualitativos explicitados no decorrer da análise. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a expectativa de que os dançarinos podem ser beneficiados pelo Método Feldenkrais de Educação Somática / Abstract: The present study takes as its starting point the idea that the Feldenkrais Method of Somatic Education can be an interesting partner in the training and development of dancers of different techniques and styles. The expectation over the proceedings is whether the dancers perceive differences in their training routine after having experienced the process proposed. In order to capture the idea of each participant on dance, train and on the process experienced during this study I used interviews and observation of performance while the dancers perform their practice (videotaped), before and after undergoing the process of the Feldenkrais Method of Somatic Education. The data are analyzed with qualitative methods. The results confirm the expectation that the dancers can benefit from the Feldenkrais Method of Somatic Education / Mestrado / Artes Cenicas / Mestre em Artes

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-24T13:29:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Kelli_Pereira_Gerbes.pdf: 6550088 bytes, checksum: 681e1b38680962a1ca05088c48890c61 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-24T13:57:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Kelli_Pereira_Gerbes.pdf: 6550088 bytes, checksum: 681e1b38680962a1ca05088c48890c61 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-24T13:57:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Kelli_Pereira_Gerbes.pdf: 6550088 bytes, checksum: 681e1b38680962a1ca05088c48890c61 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-24T13:57:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Kelli_Pereira_Gerbes.pdf: 6550088 bytes, checksum: 681e1b38680962a1ca05088c48890c61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-11 / Sem bolsa / A imagem corporal é a figuração do corpo formada na mente, definida como a percepção e o sentimento do indivíduo em relação ao próprio corpo, influenciada por fatores físicos, psicológicos, ambientais e comportamentais. A insatisfação corporal ocorre quando a percepção corporal e a imagem corporal ideal não são congruentes. Estudos têm evidenciado que a prevalência de insatisfação corporal tem se mostrado elevada em adultos de diferentes populações em indivíduos com excesso ou baixo peso, mas também presente em indivíduos com peso normal, sendo mais frequente em mulheres. E associada a diversos fatores, como: prática de dieta, desejo ou uso de suplementos para emagrecer, comportamentos alimentares anormais, transtornos ou distúrbios alimentares, consumo excessivo de álcool, aumento de depressão e baixa autoestima, percepção de saúde mais precária, comportamento de saúde mais positivo, alterações na aparência e busca por cirurgia plástica. Os membros da Coorte de Nascimentos de Pelotas de 1982, aos 23 anos, apresentaram uma prevalência de insatisfação corporal de 64%. Em busca de uma melhor compreensão sobre a insatisfação corporal em adultos, a presente dissertação teve como objetivo descrever a prevalência de insatisfação corporal em participantes da Coorte de Nascimentos de Pelotas de 1982 aos 30 anos comparando com as prevalências observadas aos 23 anos, bem como, identificar possíveis fatores associados ao desfecho. O estudo da Coorte de Nascimentos de Pelotas de 1982 foi iniciado com um inquérito de saúde perinatal e vários estudos de acompanhamento desses indivíduos foram realizados ao longo do tempo. Foi possível avaliar a insatisfação corporal utilizando a Escala Corporal de Stunkard e a associação entre insatisfação corporal e variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, comportamentais e de saúde foi investigada. / Body image is the figuration of the body formed in the mind, defined as the perception and feeling of the individual in relation to the body itself, influenced by physical, psychological, environmental and behavioral factors. Body dissatisfaction when body perception and ideal body image are not congruent. Studies have shown that the prevalence of body dissatisfaction has been high in adults from different populations and in individuals with excess or low weight, but also present in individuals with normal weight, being more frequent in women. It is associated with several factors, such as: diet, desire to lose weight or use of dietary supplements, abnormal eating behaviors, eating disorders or disorders, excessive alcohol consumption, increased depression and low self-esteem, poorer health, more positive health, changes in appearance and search for plastic surgery. The prevalence of body dissatisfaction was 64% in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort members, at age 23 years. To better understand adult body dissatisfaction, this dissertation aimed to describe the prevalence of body dissatisfaction in participants from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort at age 30 years, comparing with the prevalence observed at age 23, and to identify some possible factors associated with the outcome. The Pelotas Birth Cohort study of 1982 started with a perinatal health survey and several follow-up studies of these individuals were conducted over time. It was possible to evaluate the body dissatisfaction using the Stunkard Body Scale, and the association between body dissatisfaction and demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and health variables was also investigated.

M.A. / Many women who live with body disfigurement as a consequence of illness, continue to suffer from body perceptual disturbances many years following their recovery. Problematic however, is the tendency of disease-specific studies investigating body perceptual disturbances to focus on illness associated body changes. Consequently, this silences the experiences of many women who live with body disfigurement in the absence of illness and more specifically, in instances where body disfigurement is the result of having suffered a common ailment (Francis, 2002; Newell, 2000). Impeding the concerns raised are inferences of earlier studies such as that by Patterson and Craig (1963) who reason that, by virtue of the body's integrity being dependent upon external appearances, hysterectomy, as something internal to the body, fails to feature as a psychological difficulty experienced in women who have this. Recent studies by Newell (2000) and Francis (2002) identify a need for research on body disfigurement following a common ailment and in the absence of illness. In an attempt to address some of the concerns raised, and in keeping with body disfigurement resulting from a common ailment (e.g. cancer, dysmenorrhoea and uterine fibroids, etc), this study compares levels of depression and self-concept in women who have undergone either mastectomy, hysterectomy or vulvectomy. Additionally, this study challenged the inferences by Patterson and Craig (1963) in that the onset of psychopathology in these women is here thought to develop irrespective of the levels of disfigurement visibility (whether disfigurement is internal to the body as in hysterectomy or external to the body as in mastectomy and vulvectomy). In terms of the three areas of participation, of the hysterectomy group (n = 16), of the mastectomy group (n = 8), and of the vulvectomy group (n = 4). Additionally, only participants who had not undergone reconstructive surgery were selected. To investigate for self-concept and body perceptual disturbances, data was collected using the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Self-Description Questionnaire III, the Six Factor Self-Concept Scale and also from open-ended questions posited in a Biographical Questionnaire. The Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests were utilised as nonparametric statistics of choice in the data analyses. The results showed seven areas of significant group differences as this pertains to: levels of depression, physical appearance, spiritual/religious values, general esteem, opposite sex peer relations, parent relations and power. Most striking was the participant responses made in respect to the Importance versus Accuracy subsection of the SDQ-III. Of the 12 statements contained under this section, all were considered to be more important to the participants than the statement was thought accurate of them. Significant differences on this subsection were observed in terms of: parent relations, spiritual/religious values, emotional stability and physical appearance. Although investigating depression and self-concept in women with body disfigurement in South Africa proved to be a complex and difficult research undertaking, the results of this study clearly strengthen its implementation value and demonstrate the need for future research in this area. This pilot study enabled for invaluable insight to be gleaned in terms of the thoughts, feelings and struggles of these women. Similarly the study provided for a method of pre-testing and fine-tuning prior to Phase Two. Additionally, the results of this study contribute to the sparse volume of literature on body disfigurement in the absence of illness. This complex, yet emotionally charged and dynamic terrain is fraught with a magnitude of possibilities for future research and of which can take an infinite number of directions. Altered body appearance and function can invariably result in highly complex psychological and psychosocial disturbances. Francis (2002) echoes what this study commits to when she says: "… when the process of knowing is fractured in a sudden catastrophe, when knowing of the external surfaces of the familiar body is interrupted, the sense of being at home in ones body becomes problematic" (p. 108). As such, this study embraces the possibility that many women in South Africa, who live with body disfigurement in the absence of illness, continue to suffer disturbances in body perception years later and that this is so despite being illness free and irrespective of visibility levels. The study's demonstration of this in real-life intervention serves to highlight this. Similarly, in that 92.3% of participants felt the need to join group therapy or formulate support groups for disfigured individuals as a means by which to voice and better come to terms with past and current traumatic experiences encountered as a result of living with altered body appearance and function, the need for future research in body disfigurement in the absence of illness, is strengthened. It is hoped that, albeit in some small way, this study adds volume to the silenced experience of these women. Similarly, this study hopes to provide a foundation from which many silenced experiences can be voiced.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att studera elevers synsätt på sin kropp, kroppsideal och hur de tycker det förmedlas i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Frågeställningarna som valdes var: Hur upplever eleverna att lärare arbetar med kroppsideal i ämnet idrott och hälsa? och Hur ser eleverna på samhällets kroppsideal samt hur reflekterar de över sin egen kropp? Den metod som användes för att studera detta var kvantitativ metod med enkäter. Det slutgiltiga antalet som genomförde enkäten var 65 elever från två olika skolor. I läroplanen för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet 2011 står det att eleverna ska få kunskaper om hur kroppsidealet ser ut i samhället och i idrotten. Det resultat som framställdes efter genomförd enkät hur kroppsideal förmedlas i ämnet idrott och hälsa var att majoriteten av eleverna ansåg att de inte hade fått med sig kunskapskravet som finns i idrott och hälsa ämnet. Majoriteten av eleverna upplevde att lärarna aldrig hade pratat om kroppsideal på idrott och hälsa undervisningar. Elevernas syn på kroppsideal i samhället var att man inte bör leva efter det kroppsideal som finns i samhället. Däremot tyckte majoriteten av eleverna att det är viktigt att vara vältränad i enlighet med det kroppsideal som finns i samhället och 42% av eleverna hade någon gång använt sig av någon metod t.ex. extrem träning eller bantning för att ändra sin kropp. Det ställe som påverkade eleverna mest kopplat till kroppsidealet var sociala medier. De resultatet om elevernas synsätt på sin egen kropp som framkom var att större delen av eleverna någon gång hade jämfört sin kropp med någon annans och att männen var mer nöjda med sina kroppar gentemot kvinnorna. Efter de resultat som framkommit kan vi se att det saknas kunskap om kroppsideal. Detta är något som även litteraturen nämner. I min blivande roll som idrott och hälsa lärare vet jag nu hur viktigt det kommer vara för mig att ge eleverna vetenskap om detta kunskapskrav gällande kroppsideal. Eleverna är vår framtid och de behöver få rätt vetskap om kroppsideal. Mycket av de resultat som har framkommit från undersökning stämmer överens med tidigare forskningsresultat inom området kroppsideal där man ser att ungdomars kroppsuppfattning och syn på sin kropp påverkas av samhället, omgivningen och medmänniskorna. / The purpose of this essay was to study how students reflect about their bodies, body image and how well they consider it being adressed in the swedish version of gym class ”idrott och hälsa”. The questions the essay would answer was: How do the students experience the teaching regarding body image in ”idrott och hälsa”? and How do the students perceive the society’s body image and how do they reason about their own bodies? The method which was used to study these questions was qauntitative and used surveys to gather the information. A total of 65 students from two different schools answered the survey. The curriculum for the swedish compulsory school from 2011 says that the student shall receive knowledge about societys and the sports body image. From the results of the survey about body image a majority of the students said they hadn’t fullfilled this specific proficiency of the curriculum for ”idrott och hälsa”.  A majority of the students felt that the teachers never had talked about body image during ”idrott och hälsa”. The student thought that one shouldn’t live according to the society’s body image. But a majority of the students thought it was important to be fit in accordance with society’s body image and 42% of the students had atleast once used extreme training or slimming as a method to change their body. Social media was the highest ranked affect among the students. The results from the survey say that a major part of the students atleast once had compaired their body to someone else’s  and that the males were more satisfied with their bodies than the females. From the results you can draw the conclusion that there is a lack of knowledge about body image which are confirmed by the literatures. Now I know how important it is for me as a future teacher to teach the students about the proficiency of body image. The students are our future and they need to have rightful knowledge about body image.  Most of the results from the survey agree with earlier sciences that say that the body image of the young people are affected by society, their suroundings and their fellow people.

Drunkorexia refers to a set of disordered eating behaviors that occur in the context of a drinking episode for the purpose of 1) off setting caloric intake of the alcohol or 2) increasing the effects of alcohol. The Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS) was developed with the purpose of measuring drunkorexia behaviors at three time points: before, during, and after a drinking episode. The purpose of this study was to further validate the measure for use in men and women by examining measurement invariance, reliability, and validity. First, single group confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted separately by gender to examine the underlying factor structure of the measure. The two groups independently showed similar factor structure. The factor structure for both men and women indicated the removal of the original CEBRACS Restriction subscale. A multi-group CFA was conducted on the modified factor structure using gender as the grouping variable. This revised measure was found to have scalar invariance suggesting that means and variances of this measure can be compared. The current study addressed several limitations of previous measurement validation studies including a large diverse sample and thorough examination of the psychometric properties of the CEBRACS. This work provides additional evidence supporting the validity of the CEBRACS and suggests measurement invariance between genders.

The thesis deal with self -perception, body image and quality of life of children suffering from overweight and obesity. The age of children ranges from 10 to 12. In theoretical part thesis deals with definition of the children obesity. The research is of quantitative character and uses several questionnaire methods. For self-perception has been chosen Self-perception profile for children inventory, for quality of life Pediatric quality of life inventory and for Body image Child Figure Scale. The dates were obtained in primary schools, health resorts and sanatorium all over the Czech Republic. In the research participated 211 children (117 girls and 94 boys). On the basis of percentile BMI the children were divided into clinical (N=50) and nonclinical (N=161). We statistically have analysed questionnaire results and we have done the comparison between clinical and nonclinical group. It has been ascertained that the children who suffer from overweight and obesity achieve in all the tests lower average scores than the children with the normal weight. Self-perception, body image and quality of life of children with overweight and obesity is lower than children with the normal weight. On the contrary, the assumption was not confirmed that the girls from a clinical group are more dissatisfied with their...