La movilidad urbana puede considerarse como un importante recurso social y articulador de la vida en comunidad. Sin embargo, a medida que la población de los centros urbanos crece, se plantea el desafío de adaptar el desarrollo urbano y las necesidades de movilidad, buscando mecanismos para proteger el medio ambiente y garantizar la inclusión social. En este sentido, resulta importante estudiar tanto la movilidad urbana como las emisiones contaminantes asociadas, que son potencialmente de riesgo para la salud humana y el ambiente. Para ello, es necesario recurrir a diversas herramientas como pueden ser mediciones de nivel de flujo vehicular, encuestas ciudadanas, entre otros en el caso de la movilidad, e inventarios de emisiones, programas de monitoreo y modelos de calidad de aire para analizar la contaminación atmosférica asociada a fuentes móviles. De esta manera se puede generar información útil para la implementación de acciones tendientes a mejorar la calidad del aire y mitigar los problemas de circulación vehicular urbana, generando políticas conscientes y sustentables, confeccionadas en base a evidencia. En este contexto, la presente tesis pretende contribuir con información y análisis relevantes sobre movilidad urbana y la contaminación atmosférica asociada para la toma de decisiones basadas en evidencia en Bahía Blanca. Esta es una ciudad mediana portuaria e industrializada de la Argentina, que no cuenta con monitoreo de tránsito ni calidad de aire en su área urbana, la cual presenta problemas de movilidad que merecen ser atendidos desde una óptica tanto global como específica. De allí la importancia de contar con datos de manera continua, siguiendo metodologías científicas. Tal es así que en cada capítulo de esta tesis se estudian las temáticas planteadas, considerando en primer lugar la confección de un inventario de emisiones gaseosas en base a la flota vehicular carretera y no carretera de la ciudad, registradas para el año 2018. Luego, se presenta la recolección de datos del flujo vehicular, obtenidos mediante observación directa de videos de cámaras de seguridad del municipio durante dos años (2020-2022), y el análisis de su segmentación en puntos del microcentro de la ciudad. Estos datos permiten evaluar diversas tendencias, como ser el impacto que tuvo la pandemia de COVID-19 en el tránsito local, así como también, medir el aumento de la micromovilidad sustentable (bicicletas, monopatines eléctricos, etc.). Cabe mencionar, que estos resultados se transfieren a las autoridades locales, para contribuir con la toma de decisiones. Por otro lado, los datos de flujo vehicular se utilizan como dato de entrada en el modelado de calidad de aire con el fin de conocer los niveles de concentración máximos de los contaminantes atmosféricos que se presentan en el microcentro mayoritariamente (CO y NOx), y comparar los mismos con la legislación vigente. Resulta interesante destacar que se desarrolla una validación inicial de la metodología empleada para el modelado, con resultados alentadores según los valores obtenidos de diversas métricas estadísticas planteadas en la bibliografía disponible. Por último, se estudian escenarios alternativos de tránsito y sus emisiones para evaluar su impacto en el nivel de calidad de aire, considerando un enfoque sustentable. Esta tesis no solo genera datos fidedignos para la toma de decisiones en cuanto a la movilidad de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca y la contaminación atmosférica asociada, sino que también abre las puertas para explorar, en trabajos futuros, diversas herramientas y tópicos sobre la movilidad urbana como ser: estudiar la red de ciclovías; investigar sobre el desarrollo orientado al tránsito, las ciudades lentas y las de 15 minutos; simular el tránsito del micro y macrocentro de la ciudad mediante software específico; entre otros. Por último, la metodología propuesta en este trabajo podría considerarse capaz de ser replicada en otras ciudades latinoamericanas de tamaño medio, sobre todo en aquellas que no cuenten con estaciones de monitoreo de tránsito y/o de calidad de aire, como sucede en Bahía Blanca. / Urban mobility is an important social resource and community-life facilitator. However, as the population of urban centres grows, the challenge becomes to adapt urban development and mobility needs, seeking mechanisms to protect the environment and ensure social inclusion. Studying urban mobility and the associated pollutant emissions is important. These are potentially risky for human health and the environment. To this end, it is necessary to resort to various tools, such as vehicle flow measurements and citizen surveys, among others, in the case of mobility and emission inventories, monitoring programmes and air quality models to analyse air pollution associated with mobile sources. In this way, useful information can be generated to implement actions to improve air quality and mitigate urban vehicular traffic problems, generating conscious, sustainable policies based on evidence. This thesis aims to contribute relevant information and analysis on urban mobility and associated air pollution for evidence-based decision making in Bahía Blanca. This is city a medium-sized port and industrialized city in Argentina, with no traffic or air quality monitoring in its urban area, which presents mobility problems that deserve to be addressed from both global and specific perspectives. Hence, continuous data availability, following scientific methodologies, is essential. Thus, in each chapter of this thesis, the issues raised are studied, considering firstly the preparation of an inventory of gaseous emissions based on both road and non-road vehicle fleet of the city, registered for 2018. Then, the data collection about vehicle flow, obtained through direct observation of videos from the municipality's security cameras during two years (2020-2022), and the analysis of their segmentation at points in the city's microcentre is presented. These data allow us to evaluate various trends, such as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on local traffic, and to measure the increase in sustainable micro mobility (bicycles, electric scooters, etc.). It is worth mentioning that these results are transferred to local authorities to contribute to decision-making. On the other hand, the vehicle flow data are used as input data in the air quality modelling to know the maximum concentration levels of the atmospheric pollutants mainly present in the microcentre (CO and NOx) and to compare them with the current legislation. It is interesting to note that an initial validation of the methodology used for the modelling is developed, with encouraging results according to the values obtained for various statistical metrics proposed in the available literature. Finally, alternative traffic scenarios and their emissions are studied to assess their impact on air quality, considering a sustainable approach. This thesis generates reliable data for decision-making on mobility in Bahía Blanca and associated air pollution and considers future work. It opens possibilities to explore various tools and topics on urban mobility, such as studying the network of bicycle lanes, researching transit oriented development, slow cities and 15-minute cities, and simulating traffic in the micro- and macro-centre of the city by employing specific software, among others. Finally, the methodology proposed in this work might be replicable in other medium-sized Latin American cities, especially those without traffic and/or air quality monitoring stations, as in Bahía Blanca city.

Cette thèse analyse les enjeux de la mise en œuvre de la politique de l'eau et de l'assainissement dans l'Aire métropolitaine de Buenos Aires (AMBA) au cours de la dernière décennie. Plus précisément, on étudie les scénarios de controverses et conflits qui ont conduit à l'émergence de nouveaux acteurs dans la région responsable de la gestion des ressources. La thèse est organisée en trois axes: l'institutionnelle, axée sur l'étude des modifications dans le scénario des acteurs en charge de la gestion de l'eau depuis la création de l'entreprise publique de l'eau et de l'assainissement AySA, et l'Autorité de Bassin Matanza- Riachuelo. L'environnement, consacré à analyser controverses générées par les différentes visions présentes par ces deux organismes et l'importance qui acquiert le regard de l'environnement à l'intérieur de la provision des services par rapport à la vision sanitaire traditionnelle du secteur. Et, la dimension socio-territorial qui vise à décrire l'accessibilité à l'eau et à l'assainissement dans la région, caractérisant les zones les plus touchées par le manque de service et les conflits qui émergent là, exigeant le droit à l'accès à l'eau?Pour répondre à ces dimensions on a choisi une stratégie méthodologique mixte qui permit combiner les sources et les approches qualitatives et les quantitatives. Nous avons principalement effectué des entretiens en profondeur à des fonctionnaires, des experts et des membres d'organisations sociales. Nous avons analysé la documentation technique sur les plans de œuvres, et nous avons utilisé des sources statistiques nationales pour étudier l'évolution de la couverture sur le territoire.L'hypothèse qui guide la recherche constate que, si bien que la création de ces deux organismes a produit une transformation dans la politique de l'eau et de l'assainissement à Buenos Aires, l'inertie du système de réseau centralisé et les limitations de la gestion territoriale de la part de l'autorité du bassin versant Matanza Riachuelo, limite la portée de cette transformation. / The thesis analyzes the challenges presented by the implementation of water and sanitation policy in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (AMBA) during the last decade (2006-2015). More precisely, it studies the scenarios of controversy and conflict that led to the appearance and raise of new actors in the region that became responsible for managing the resources.The thesis is organized in three dimensions: the institutional one, focused on studying the transformations in the framework of actors responsible for water management in the region, starting with the creation of the AySA drinking water and sanitation company and the Matanza Riachuelo Watershed Authority. The environmental, aimed at analyzing the controversies generated by the different visions present in the management of water through these two organisms and the weight that acquires the environmental view within the provision of the service against the traditional sanitary view of the sector. And the socio-territorial, which seeks to describe accessibility to water and sanitation in the region, characterizing the areas most affected by the lack of service and the conflicts that arise there, in claiming the right to water.To address these dimensions, we opted for a methodological strategy that complement qualitative and quantitative approaches and sources. We have conducted in-depth interviews with officials, academics and members of social organizations; We have analyzed technical documentation on the plans of works, and we have appealed to national statistical sources to study the evolution of the coverage in the territory.The hypothesis that guides the investigation indicates that although the creation of these two organisms implies a transformation in the politics of water and sanitation in Buenos Aires, the inertia of the centralized system of networks and the limitations in the territorial management of the basin authority , Crossed by the criminalization of the Riachuelo pollution, limit the scope of this transformation. / La tesis analiza los desafíos que presenta la implementación de la política del agua y saneamiento en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires durante la última década. Más precisamente estudia los escenarios de controversia y conflicto que supuso la aparición de nuevos actores en la región encargados del manejo del recurso.La tesis se organiza en tres dimensiones: la institucional, centrada en estudiar las transformaciones en el entramado de actores encargados del manejo del agua a partir de la creación de la empresa de agua potable y saneamiento AySA y la Autoridad de Cuenca Matanza Riachuelo. La ambiental, destinada a analizar las controversias generadas por las distintas visiones presentes en estos dos organismos y el peso que adquiere la mirada ambiental dentro de la provisión del servicio frente a la tradicional visión sanitarista del sector. Y la socio-territorial, que busca describir la accesibilidad al agua y saneamiento en la región, caracterizando las áreas más afectadas por la falta del servicio y los conflictos que allí emergen, en reclamo del derecho al agua.Para atender a estas dimensiones optamos por una estrategia metodológica que permita complementar fuentes y enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos. Principalmente hemos realizado entrevistas en profundidad a funcionarios, académicos y miembros de organizaciones sociales; hemos analizado documentación técnica sobre los planes de obras, y hemos apelado a fuentes estadísticas nacionales para estudiar la evolución de la cobertura en el territorio. La hipótesis que guía la investigación señala que si bien la creación de estos dos organismos supone una transformación en la política del agua y saneamiento en Buenos Aires, la inercia del propio sistema centralizado de redes y las limitaciones en la gestión territorial de la autoridad de cuenca, atravesada por la judicialización de la contaminación del Riachuelo, limitan el alcance de dicha transformación.

La concession des services d'eau et assainissement gérée par l'entreprise privée Aguas Argentinas S. A. entre 1993 et 2006 a fait l’objet de nombreuses études et recherches qui ont mis l'accent sur la dynamique des privatisations menées en Argentine dans les années quatre-vingt-dix. Cependant, bien qu’il s'agisse d'une période de changements dans la gestion des services urbains, la concession a mis en lumière certaines constantes qui structurent la relation entre les réseaux métropolitains et l'action publique locale. Cette recherche est basée sur les interactions entre les réseaux techniques et les territoires. L’analyse met tout particulièrement l’accent sur les continuités et les ruptures des opérations du concessionnaire dans l'aire métropolitaine de Buenos Aires. L’objectif de cette thèse est de répondre à ce questionnement à travers une analyse comparée des scénarios d'interaction entre la gestion centralisée des réseaux et l'action publique locale dans trois communes en aval du bassin du fleuve Reconquista: General San Martín, San Fernando et Tigre. Ces études de cas mettent en évidence, dans des contextes hétérogènes, la versatilité d'Aguas Argentinas face aux capacités de l'action publique locale pour mettre en œuvre la concession avec un certain degré d'autonomie. Une lecture transversale de ces spécificités locales révèle également la construction de processus de regroupement d'intérêts communs entre les différentes communes. Ce double mouvement d'autonomie et d'association, permet de mieux éclairer les oscillations entre le public et le privé, le sectoriel et le territorial, ainsi qu’entre le local et le central qui se développent selon un processus de territorialisation croissante dans l'accès aux services des eaux et assainissement. / The concession of water and sewerage, operated by the private company Aguas Argentinas between 1993 and 2006, was subject of numerous researches which emphasized the dynamics of privatization led in Argentina, in the nineties. However, although this was a turning point in the management of urban services, the concession revealed some constants that structured the relationship between metropolitan networks and local public action.This research examines the interactions between the technical networks and the territories. The analysis focuses on the continuities and ruptures of the operation of the concessionaire in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires. In order to answer that enquiry, this thesis develops an analysis compared by the interaction scenarios between centralized network management and local public action in three municipalities -General San Martin, San Fernando and Tigre- that form part of the lower basin of the Reconquista River.These cases studies highlight the versatility of Aguas Argentinas, in very heterogeneous contexts against different capabilities from the local public action to implement the concession with some degree of autonomy. Also, a cross reading of these local variations reveals the construction of the strategies of aggregation of interests between municipalities. This double movement, of autonomy and association, allows to illuminate the oscillations between the public and the private, the sectorial and the territorial, the local and the central (national and global), which take place in a process of increasing territorialization of access to water services and sewerage. / El ciclo de la concesión de los servicios de agua y desagüe cloacal, operada por la empresa privada Aguas Argentinas entre 1993 y 2006, fue objeto de numerosos estudios que la asociaron con la dinámica de las privatizaciones, propias de la década del noventa en Argentina. No obstante, si bien se trató de un momento de cambio en la gestión de los servicios urbanos, la concesión fue al mismo tiempo reveladora de algunas regularidades que estructuraban la relación entre las redes metropolitanas y la acción política local. Esta tesis se propone examinar las relaciones de mutua transformación que se establecen entre las redes técnicas y los territorios, centrando el análisis en las continuidades y rupturas que resultan de la formas de operar de la empresa concesionaria en el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Para dar cuenta de esa problemática, se efectúa un análisis comparado de los escenarios de interacción que se dirimen entre la gestión centralizada de las redes y la acción pública local en tres municipios -General San Martín, San Fernando y Tigre- que forman parte de la cuenca baja del río Reconquista. Los casos de estudio ponen en evidencia, en contextos heterogéneos, la versatilidad de la actuación de Aguas Argentinas frente a las capacidades de la acción pública local para implementar la concesión con cierto grado de autonomía. Una lectura transversal de esas variaciones locales revela asimismo, la construcción de procesos de agregación de intereses entre los municipios. Este doble movimiento, de autonomía y asociación, permite iluminar las oscilaciones entre lo público y lo privado, lo sectorial y lo territorial, lo local y lo central que se juegan en la creciente territorialización del acceso a los servicios de agua y desagüe cloacal.

Les migrations africaines en Amérique latine s'inscrivent dans un processus de reconfiguration du phénomène migratoire. Les parcours se déploient et se recomposent au gré non seulement de l'histoire des politiques migratoires, des crises et des opportunités économiques mais aussi en fonction des histoires de groupes et d'individus. La complexification des procédures de contrôle au Nord et la mondialisation des Suds engendrent un certain éclatement des destinations. Dès les années 1990, mais surtout depuis les années 2000, des migrants, en provenance surtout d'Afrique de l'Ouest, tissent les contours d'un dispositif migratoire transatlantique Sud-Sud.À Buenos Aires, les Africains s'inscrivent sur le territoire selon des modalités distinctes. Si la grande majorité développe une activité de commerce de rue sous l'impulsion notamment de la communauté mouride sénégalaise, d'autres essaient d'exploiter une demande d'africanité, ou encore de se frayer une voie dans le football et dans les affaires. De ces inscriptions multiples, naissent des liens cosmopolites avec les différents segments de population la société d'accueil. Ces interactions qui peuvent donner lieu à des processus de négociation, produisent des recompositions sociales et identitaires à caractère ethnique, religieux ou encore de genre. / African migration in Latin America is part of a process of reconfiguration of global migration. Paths unfold and recompose by the way of not only the history of migration policies, crises and economic opportunities but also by the groups and individuals stories. The rising complexity of the control procedures in the North, joint to the South globalization, results in bursting of destinations. By the 1990s, but especially since the 2000s, especially migrants from West Africa, weave the contours of a transatlantic migration South-South device. In Buenos Aires, the Africans try to be part of the territory in different ways. While the vast majority develops a street trading activity, driven mainly by the Murid Senegalese Community, others try to exploit a desire of Africanness, or maybe to find their way in football and in business. From these multiple origins, cosmopolitan links with the various segments of the host society population are born. These interactions, which can lead to negotiation processes, produce social and identity changes in ethnic, religious or gender dimensions. / Las migraciones africanas en América Latina hacen parte de un processo de reconfiguración global del fenómeno migratorio. Los recorridos se despliegan y se recomponenal ritmo, no solo de la historia de las politicas migratorias, las crisis y las oportunidades ecónomicas, sino también en función de las historias de grupos e individuos. Los procedimientos de control cada vez más complejos en los países del Norte y la globalización de los países del Sur generan cierta diversificación en los destinos. Desde la década de los 90, pero especialmente desde al año 2000, los immigrantes procedentes principalmente de Africa occidental,han tejido los contornos de un dispositivo transatlántico de migración Sur-Sur. En Buenos Aires, los Africanos se inscriben sobreel territorio según diversas modalidades. Si bien la gran mayoría desarrolla una actividad de comercia callejero, iniciada principalmentepor la comunidad mora senegalesa, otros tratan de explotar un deseo de africanidad, o aún, forjarse un camino en el fútbol y en los negocios. De estas inscripciones múltiples,nacen vinculos cosmopolitas con diversos segmentos de población de la sociedad de acogidad. Esta interraciones, que pueden dar lugar a procesos de negociación, producen recomposiciones sociales e identitarias de carácter étnico, religioso y hasta de género religioso.

The aim of the work is to present Argentinian literary tradition as reflected in the Jorge Luis Borges' essays and collections of poems from his early creative period (twentieth and thirtieth of 20th century). The corpus of the analyzed works is created by three collections of poems - Passion for Buenos Aires, Moon across the Way, San Martin Copybook and three books of essays - Evaristo Carriego, The Size of My Hope and The language of the Argentines. At the beginning, the text is focused on Argentinian (respectively on Hispanoamerican) cultural context at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Then, the text continues by analysis of six Borges' books mentioned above reflecting five most important Argentinian motives - pampa, gaucho, compadrito, Buenos Aires and its suburbs and dictator. The author notices different attitudes to Argentinian topic and concludes that Argentina symbolizes very important theme, which is influenced also by Borges' predecessors (e. g. Sarmiento, Hernández or Lugones). Key words: Jorge Luis Borges, Argentinian literary tradition, cultural identity, textual analyse, Buenos Aires, suburb, pampa, compadrito, dictator.

The main focus of this thesis is the interpretation of the view of the world in two of the short stories of Argentinean writer Roberto Arlt. The thesis is based on essay of the foundation, evolution and theory of short story. Both the global point of view and the perspectives of Hispano-American authors Horacio Quiroga, Julio Cortázar and Jorge Luis Borges are considered. In addition, this work describes Argentinean society at the turn of the 19th into the 20th century, the society being the main period of Arlt's pieces. The context of the literature in Buenos Aires in the 1920s and 1930s is also described to introduce the writer's position among his contemporaries. A brief introduction of Roberto Arlt's biography and writings is included as background. All of these factors are addressed in the analysis of the short stories "The Little Hunchback" and "Ester Primavera." The analysis is targeted at the style and method used to create the short stories and about the acts and life situations of its characters. Arlt's integration of lower social class and colloquial language in literature, his interest in the individual existence, and the gradual elimination of the boundary between reality and fiction, inspired many writers of the following generation.

[pt] As intensas transformações ocorridas nas cidades de Buenos Aires e do Rio de Janeiro na passagem do século XIX para o XX foram temas para as lentes de diversos fotógrafos. Ainda que estes procurassem captar do modo mais fiel e exato possível as realidades observadas, suas produções sempre jogavam com a ambivalência entre registrar e interpretar. Com isso, criavam imagens que não só refletiam, mas elaboravam novas formas de imaginar, ver e sentir aquelas cidades que se alteravam rapidamente, frutos de um tempo que parecia cada vez mais veloz. O objetivo da presente tese é analisar as maneiras pelas quais a fotografia elaborou apreensões sobre essa mesma modernidade urbana que a criou, por meio de fragmentos que construíam uma espécie de álbum do desenvolvimento das cidades. Analisando o Rio de Janeiro e Buenos Aires comparativamente, busco compreender como a fotografia funcionava, ao mesmo tempo, como meio de eternizar o novo que surgia e o velho que desaparecia, comportando em si própria uma tensão temporal, ao lidar com permanências, rupturas e transformações tanto nos espaços físicos da urbe quanto nos costumes e formas de utilização desses espaços pelos citadinos. / [en] The intense changes that occurred in the cities of Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro in the passage from nineteenth to twentieth centuries were theme to the lenses of many photographers. Although they sought to capture in the most faithful and accurate possible way the observed realities, their productions always played with the ambivalence between record and interpret. With this, they created images that not only reflected but elaborated new ways of imagining, seeing and feeling those cities that are altered rapidly, creations of a time that seemed increasingly faster. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the ways in which the photography had elaborated seizures on the same urban modernity that created it, through fragments that constructed a kind of album of the development of cities. Analyzing Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires comparatively, I seek to understand how photography functioned, at the same time, as a mean to perpetuate the new that emerged and the old that was disappearing, containing in itself a temporal tension when dealing with continuities, ruptures and transformations both in the physical spaces of the urban area as in the customs and ways of using these spaces for the urbanites.

Na América Latina, as grandes cidades vêm apresentando alterações na sua estrutura econômica e espacial, em processos de transformações desde os últimos quarenta anos. Resultados dessas transformações são observados nas áreas centrais dessas cidades - na sua deterioração física, no abandono por parte da população residente, na saída das suas atividades tradicionais de centros principais. São áreas que foram ao longo do tempo sendo popularizadas e que, apesar de ainda bastante vivas, apresentam diferentes graus de deterioração. Por outro lado, algumas destas áreas vêm sendo objetos de intervenções por parte do poder público local que busca a sua recuperação. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é investigar como as áreas centrais de algumas cidades latino-americanas vêm sendo tratadas por seus governos e quais são as políticas praticadas pelos mesmos diante das presentes transformações e processos urbanos. Desta forma, a intenção é a de contribuir para a construção de um quadro que discuta no cenário latino-americano políticas para a recuperação de áreas centrais. Para tal, serão estudadas as políticas e estratégias de intervenção para a requalificação dos centros de São Paulo, Santiago do Chile e Buenos Aires. Neste trabalho serão apresentados e analisados de forma comparativa planos e programas para a área central dessas cidades realizados nas últimas duas décadas. Este trabalho se propõe a responder algumas questões como: existem semelhanças entre os processos e fenômenos metropolitanos apresentados por estas cidades, e como essas se refletem em cada área central? De que forma cada governo local vem respondendo as suas diferentes demandas, visando a recuperação da área central? Quais os principais traços da sua atuação? Quais instrumentos e estratégias são utilizados em determinados setores? Estariam estas políticas seguindo novos direcionamentos na gestão urbana? / In Latin America, big cities have started to change their economical and spacial structure for the last forty years. Consequences of those modifications are observed in the central areas of these cities its physical degradation, its inhabitants renouncement, its traditional activities transference to new locations. Those areas have been popularized and, even though still plenty alive, have presenting different degradation degrees. Otherwise some of these areas have been object of local public power intervention regarding its revitalization. The main goal of this research is to investigate how central areas of some Latin-American cities have been treated by its local government and which are their politics facing the recent urban process. Therefore, our intention is to contribute building a panel that analyzes central areas revitalization politics in a Latin-American scene. For that matter, weve studied the central areas revitalization politics and strategies applied in São Paulo, Santiago de Chile and Buenos Aires. In that way, plans and programs developed for the central areas of these cities for the last two decades will be presented and analyzed in a comparative manner by this study. This research proposes itself to answer some questions: are there similarity between the metropolitans process presented by these cities, and how these reflect in each central area? How each local government is responding their different demands regarding the revitalization of its central areas? What are the main lines of their actions? What instruments and strategies have been used in different sectors? Would this politics be following a new leading in urban management?

Na América Latina, as grandes cidades vêm apresentando alterações na sua estrutura econômica e espacial, em processos de transformações desde os últimos quarenta anos. Resultados dessas transformações são observados nas áreas centrais dessas cidades - na sua deterioração física, no abandono por parte da população residente, na saída das suas atividades tradicionais de centros principais. São áreas que foram ao longo do tempo sendo popularizadas e que, apesar de ainda bastante vivas, apresentam diferentes graus de deterioração. Por outro lado, algumas destas áreas vêm sendo objetos de intervenções por parte do poder público local que busca a sua recuperação. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é investigar como as áreas centrais de algumas cidades latino-americanas vêm sendo tratadas por seus governos e quais são as políticas praticadas pelos mesmos diante das presentes transformações e processos urbanos. Desta forma, a intenção é a de contribuir para a construção de um quadro que discuta no cenário latino-americano políticas para a recuperação de áreas centrais. Para tal, serão estudadas as políticas e estratégias de intervenção para a requalificação dos centros de São Paulo, Santiago do Chile e Buenos Aires. Neste trabalho serão apresentados e analisados de forma comparativa planos e programas para a área central dessas cidades realizados nas últimas duas décadas. Este trabalho se propõe a responder algumas questões como: existem semelhanças entre os processos e fenômenos metropolitanos apresentados por estas cidades, e como essas se refletem em cada área central? De que forma cada governo local vem respondendo as suas diferentes demandas, visando a recuperação da área central? Quais os principais traços da sua atuação? Quais instrumentos e estratégias são utilizados em determinados setores? Estariam estas políticas seguindo novos direcionamentos na gestão urbana? / In Latin America, big cities have started to change their economical and spacial structure for the last forty years. Consequences of those modifications are observed in the central areas of these cities its physical degradation, its inhabitants renouncement, its traditional activities transference to new locations. Those areas have been popularized and, even though still plenty alive, have presenting different degradation degrees. Otherwise some of these areas have been object of local public power intervention regarding its revitalization. The main goal of this research is to investigate how central areas of some Latin-American cities have been treated by its local government and which are their politics facing the recent urban process. Therefore, our intention is to contribute building a panel that analyzes central areas revitalization politics in a Latin-American scene. For that matter, weve studied the central areas revitalization politics and strategies applied in São Paulo, Santiago de Chile and Buenos Aires. In that way, plans and programs developed for the central areas of these cities for the last two decades will be presented and analyzed in a comparative manner by this study. This research proposes itself to answer some questions: are there similarity between the metropolitans process presented by these cities, and how these reflect in each central area? How each local government is responding their different demands regarding the revitalization of its central areas? What are the main lines of their actions? What instruments and strategies have been used in different sectors? Would this politics be following a new leading in urban management?

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