The master thesis focuses on cause-related marketing (CRM) as one of the type of cooperation between NGOs and companies. Broader context of CRM is described in a theoretical part from the perspective of corporate environment as well as non-profit sector. One of the sections of the theoretical part is devoted to areas related to the success of CRM campaigns and this topic covers largely an empirical part of the thesis. There is a qualitative study based on a case study of a successful CRM campaign from the Czech Republic. The campaign was chosen by factors assuming the success of the CRM campaign which are described in the theory. First, the historical development of the campaign is described; the success of the campaign is investigated from the view of the NGO and the company afterwards. The empirical research is focuses on factors which could influence the success of the CRM campaign and how is the success perceived by representatives of the NGO and the company.

Afin d'effectuer les classements et les analyses portant sur la mortalité selon la cause médicale de décès, il est d'usage d'utiliser uniquement la cause initiale de décès, qui représente la maladie ou le traumatisme ayant initié la séquence d'événements menant au décès. Cette méthode comporte plusieurs limites. L'analyse de causes multiples, qui a la qualité d'utiliser toutes les causes citées sur le certificat de décès, serait particulièrement indiquée pour mieux expliquer la mortalité puisque les décès sont souvent attribuables à plusieurs processus morbides concurrents. L'analyse des causes multiples de décès chez les personnes âgées au Québec pour les années 2000-2004 permet d'identifier plusieurs conditions ayant contribué au décès, mais n'ayant toutefois pas été sélectionnées comme cause ayant initié le processus morbide. C'est particulièrement le cas de l'hypertension, de l'athérosclérose, de la septicémie, de la grippe et pneumonie, du diabète sucré et de la néphrite, syndrome néphrotique et néphropathie. Cette recherche démontre donc l'importance de la prise en compte des causes multiples afin de dresser un portrait plus juste de la mortalité québécoise aux âges où se concentrent principalement les décès que le permet l'analyse de la cause initiale seule. / To this day, mortality analysis has primarily focused on the underlying cause of death which represents the disease or injury which initiated the sequence of morbid events leading to the death. But since death is due to a complex process, especially at advanced ages, analysis based solely on this concept has its limitations and some causes are more likely to be identified as the underlying cause than others. Selecting only one cause per death may influence the relative importance of the various causes of death. Multiple causes of death statistics provide a more complete view of mortality patterns. The analysis of multiple causes of death among the elderly in Quebec for 2000-2004 identifies certain conditions that contributed to death, but have not been selected as the cause that initiated the disease process. This is particularly the case of hypertension, atherosclerosis, sepsis, influenza and pneumonia, diabetes mellitus and nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis. This research therefore demonstrates the importance of taking into account multiple causes in order to provide a more accurate portrait of Quebec's mortality at older ages that allows analysis of the underlying cause alone.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

L’historiographie de la Révolution haïtienne est en plein essor depuis les vingt dernières années. Il existe désormais un large éventail d’interprétations sur les événements qui mènent à la création d’Haïti. L’objet de ce mémoire est d’exposer différentes perspectives sur des questions qui demeurent cruciales dans l’historiographie contemporaine. Le mémoire est divisé en trois sections. Chacun des chapitres développe une problématique particulière de l’historiographie en mettant en parallèle les conclusions de différents chercheurs. Le premier chapitre est consacré au thème de la transformation de la révolte en révolution. Ensuite, il sera question de l'impact de la Révolution haïtienne sur l'histoire de l'esclavage dans le monde atlantique. Pour conclure, la dichotomie entre l’absence de longue date de la Révolution haïtienne dans l’historiographie occidentale et l’attention qu’elle reçoit aujourd’hui sera examinée dans le troisième chapitre. Aujourd’hui, la réécriture de la Révolution haïtienne est très populaire et attire des chercheurs de différents milieux. C’est dans ce contexte que ce mémoire présente une mise en perspective des principaux débats idéologiques de l’historiographie de la Révolution haïtienne depuis les années quatre-vingt-dix. / The historiography of the Haitian Revolution has flourished over the last twenty years. A wide range of interpretations of the events that lead to the creation of Haiti now exist. The purpose of this thesis is to assess different perspectives on issues central to the contemporary historiography. The thesis is divided into three sections. Each chapter develops a particular problem in the historiography by exploring the findings of various researchers. In the first chapter, the theme of the transformation of the revolt in revolution will be studied. Then, we will analyse how researchers assess the impact of the Haitian Revolution on the history of slavery in the Atlantic world. To conclude, the dichotomy between the longstanding absence of the Haitian Revolution in the Western historiography and the attention it receives today will be discussed in the third chapter. Today, the Haitian Revolution draws a great amount of attention from researchers from different backgrounds. It is in this context that this thesis presents a perspective of the major ideological debates in the historiography of the Haitian Revolution since the 1990s.

La présente étude porte sur l’anthropologie et la politique de Spinoza. Il s’agit précisément de montrer en quoi, la réflexion spinoziste sur l’homme se donne particulièrement à lire à travers les concepts d’ « individu », de « corps » et d’« affects ». Au cours de notre analyse, nous montrons que ces concepts occupent une place de choix chez l’auteur de l’Éthique pour deux raisons : d’une part, c’est par eux, que le philosophe déploie son analyse des rapports psychophysiques de l’individu humain. En effet, selon lui, le corps humain étant une réalité « en acte », il est nécessairement affecté par d’autres corps. Or, en tant qu’il est aussi l’objet de l’idée (l’esprit), rien n’affecte ou ne modifie sa puissance, sans qu’il ne soit perçu par l’esprit humain. Et, l’« affect » n’est tout autre que cette modification de la puissance corporelle et sa perception par l’esprit. Autrement dit, l’affect peut se définir comme la conscience simultanée que l’individu humain a de son propre corps, par l’entremise de la perception des altérations de la puissance d’agir de ce dernier (les sciences contemporaines, telles que la neurobiologie, la psychologie, la médecine, et bien d’autres, corroborent les thèses de Spinoza à ce propos). C’est en insistant sur la simultanéité des rapports psychophysiques, donc sur l’absence d’interaction du corps et de l’esprit, que Spinoza se démarque de Descartes. D’autre part, à travers les mêmes concepts (de « corps » et d’« affects »), Spinoza permet aussi de penser la constitution d’un autre genre de corps ; un corps né de l’union des individus humains, à savoir : le corps politique. Les affects sont, non seulement au fondement de la constitution de ce corps, mais ils sont aussi ce qui permet de réguler les affaires humaines. C’est en ce sens que Spinoza nous amène à concevoir le corps politique, non pas comme une rupture - contrairement à ce que soutenait Hobbes - mais comme une continuité de l’état de nature. Le mérite de l’anthropologie spinoziste est de montrer qu’autant la nature humaine ne peut se concevoir sans affects, autant aucune réflexion politique ne peut avoir de valeur de vérité sans la prise en compte de ces mêmes affects. / The Dissertation is a study of Spinoza’s anthropology and politics. It shows how Spinoza’s reflection on man can be read with an emphasis on the concepts of “individual”, “body” and “affects”. These concepts have a prominent place for the author of Ethics for two reasons: 1) they are central to his analysis of the mind body relation. Because, according to him the human body, for being a reality “in action”, is necessarily affected by other bodies. 2) However, as it is also the object of an idea (mind), nothing affects or modifies its power, without it is being perceived by the human mind. And the affect is the very modification of physical power and its perception by the mind. In other words, the affect can be defined as simultaneous consciousness that the human individual has from its own body by means of perception of the changes of his power to act (the contemporary sciences, such as the neurobiology, the psychology, the medicine, and many others, may confirm the theses of Spinoza). Our study pays attention to the simultaneity of the affections of the body and the ideas of these affections in the mind, and to the lack of interaction of body and mind that characterizes Spinoza’s philosophy and makes the difference with Descartes’ conception. It is important to emphasize that Spinoza with the same concepts of “individual”, “body” and “affects”, also allows us to think of the constitution of another kind of body the political body. The affects are not only on the foundation of the constitution of this body, but they are also what allowed to regulate human affairs. It is in this sense that Spinoza leads us to conceive the body politics, not as a breakage - unlike Hobbes - but as a continuation of the state of nature. Spinoza’s anthropology is powerful, because it proves that human nature cannot be conceived without affects, as well as no political thinking can have a value without considering the affects.

Course: Degree project in logistics, the Business Administration and Economics Programme Authors: Anna Jarenfors and Sissela Järsö Supervisor: Hana Hulthén Examiner: Helena Forslund Title: IPREP: Framework for elimination of an internal return process – A case study at Thule Sweden AB Background: Logistics coordination plays an important role regarding the competitive success of an organization. A company has to eliminate unnecessary processes involved in the supply chain in order to decrease cost and to improve the business. This study focuses on the problems with the internal return process at Thule Sweden AB. Thule Sweden AB has in the last decade had an increased production which have had led to a larger material flow which have impacted the internal return process negatively. The internal return process is, in this study, defined as the process where unused material in production is sent back to the warehouse. Purpose: The purposes of this study is to present suggestions of how the internal return process at Thule can be eliminated and construct a framework of how manufacturing companies can eliminate unnecessary internal return processes. Methodology: The study is a qualitative case study with an abductive approach of the internal return process at Thule Sweden AB. The theories used in the study are found from literature and scientific articles while empirical data has been collected mainly through semi-structured interviews and observations. The selection of interviewees has been based on what knowledge they carry and what responsibility they have in the company. Findings: A process map over the internal return process illustrated three general causes creating an internal return. These were incorrect material delivered to production, incorrect stock balance and leftover material after production. The three general causes found formed the basis of a fishbone diagram which identified seven root causes. The seven root causes presented were, not able to scan the barcode on the pallets, pallet put at incorrect production line, incorrect previous internal return, lack of stock counting at internal return, insufficiency in the material- and production planning, suppliers not able to produce in batch size and no kitting station. Suggestions of how to eliminate an internal return process were presented and the fundamental categories of the framework presented were integration, personnel, routines, environment and planning.   Key words: Internal return process, process elimination, general cause, root cause, framework, manufacturing company / Kurs: Examensarbete i logistik för Civilekonomprogrammet Författare: Anna Jarenfors and Sissela Järsö Handledare: Hana Hulthén Examinator: Helena Forslund Titel: IPREP: Framework for elimination of an internal return process – A case study at Thule Sweden AB Bakgrund: Logistikkoordinering spelar en viktig roll för ett företags konkurrenskraft. Ett företag måste eliminera onödiga processer i en försörjningskedja för att minska kostnader och förbättra verksamheten. Denna studie fokuserar på den interna returprocessen på Thule Sweden AB. Thule Sweden AB har under det senaste decenniet haft en ökad produktion vilket lett till ett större materialflöde som påverkat den interna returprocessen negativt. Den interna returprocesses är i denna studie definierad som den process där oanvänt material i produktion returneras till lagret. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att presentera förslag till hur den interna returprocessen kan elimineras samt att presentera ett ramverk över hur tillverkande företag kan eliminera onödiga interna returprocesser. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie, med ett abduktivt synsätt, över den interna returprocessen på Thule Sweden AB Teorierna använda i studien utgår från litterära källor samt vetenskapliga artiklar medan empirisk data samlats in mestadels från semi-strukturerade intervjuer och observationer. Urvalet av intervjurespondenter har baserats på vilket kunskap de erhåller samt vilka ansvarsområden de har i företaget. Resultat: En processkarta över den interna returprocessen illustrerade tre generella orsaker till det processen. Dessa var fel material levererat till produktion, felaktigt lagersaldo och överblivet material efter produktion. De tre generella orsakerna utgjorde grunden till ett fiskbensdiagram vilket identifierade sju rotorsaker till den interna returprocessen. De sju rotorsakerna var: omöjlighet att skanna streckkoden på pallen, pall transporterad till fel produktionslinje, felaktig tidigare intern returprocess, brist på inventeringsrutiner vid intern returprocess, ineffektivitet i material- och produktionsplaneringen, att leverantörer inte kan producera i batch-storlek samt brist på kittingstation. Förslag på hur den interna returprocessen kan elimineras presenterade och grundstenarna i det ramverk som presenterade var integration, personal, rutiner, omgivning och planering. Nyckelord: Intern returprocess, processeliminering, generell orsak, rotorsak, ramverk, tillverkande företag

O presente trabalho tem por escopo analisar a possibilidade de aplicação, nos processos coletivos, dos atuais institutos do Direito de Processual Civil, criados para solucionar os problemas decorrentes da relação entre demandas intersubjetivas, i.e., conexão, continência, litispendência e coisa julgada. Devido às características intrínsecas dos interesses metaindividuais, a propositura de mais de uma demanda coletiva, por diferentes legitimados ativos, todas com efeitos erga omnes e objeto indivisível, pode levar à prolação de comandos contraditórios, com desdobramentos no plano prático, podendo gerar situações insustentáveis - especificamente nos conflitos ambientais, dado o caráter difuso do bem tutelado. Diante das peculiaridades dos processos coletivos, o legislador e os operadores do direito podem optar por um de dois caminhos: adotar o sistema tradicional ou inovar. O presente trabalho propõe a inovação, a modernização, a adequação, a adaptação, enfim, a flexibilização dos institutos processuais clássicos - sem a pretensão de formular qualquer resposta definitiva. As inovações aqui propostas iniciam-se pelo próprio conceito de identidade de ações, perpassando por uma releitura dos elementos objetivos da demanda (pedido e causa de pedir), com foco no bem jurídico tutelado e no resultado prático visado pelos processos. Na seqüência, os institutos conexão, continência, litispendência e coisa julgada são revisitados, adaptando-se às necessidades da jurisdição coletiva. Em suma, o trabalho conclui que a transposição, sic et simpliciter, dos institutos processuais clássicos voltados à relação entre demandas individuais para o plano da jurisdição coletiva não é cabível, sendo necessário flexibilizar e modernizar algumas figuras, com vistas a impedir que a mesma situação de fato receba tratamentos diferenciados em duas ou mais demandas. Tudo em prol da efetividade do processo coletivo e dos princípios da economia processual, da isonomia e da certeza das relações jurídicas. / The scope of this study is to analyze the possibility of applying, in collective lawsuits, the current tools of the Civil Procedural Law, created to solve problems arising out of the relation between inter-subjective claims (i.e. same cause of action, encompassing lawsuit, collateral estoppel and res judicata). Due to the intrinsic characteristics of the meta-individual interests, the proposal of another collective claim, by different parties, all with erga omnes effect and indivisible object, may lead to the issuance of contradictory orders, affecting its practical aspect, and possibly generating unsustainable situations ? specifically in environmental conflicts, due to the public nature of the matter. Given the peculiarities of collective claims, legislators and Law operators may decide to adopt either the traditional system, or innovate. This paper proposes innovating, updating, adequating and adapting the classical procedural tools ? with no intention of reaching a definitive answer. The innovations proposed herein start by the identity of action concept itself, revisiting the objective elements of the claim (pleading and cause of action), focusing on the core of the matter and on the practical result sought by the lawsuits. Subsequently, tools such as same cause of action, encompassing lawsuit, collateral estoppel and res judicata are also revisited, adapting to the needs of collective jurisdiction. In short, this study concludes that transferring, sic et simpliciter, the classic procedural tools regarding the relations between individual claims to the collective jurisdiction is not possible, being necessary to adapt/update some concepts, so that the expected result is reached, preventing the same situation in fact is treated differently in two or more claims (on behalf of the effectiveness of the collective lawsuit and of the principles of the procedural economy, the isonomy and the certainty of the legal relations).

Résumé confidentiel / Résumé confidentiel

<p>Bakgrund: Statliga och kommunala myndigheter, liksom privata företag och ickevinstdrivande organisationer verkar idag för att bekämpa samhällsproblem och negativa beteenden såsom drogberoende, rökning och dåliga matvanor. För att påverka samhället i en positiv inriktning kommuniceras hälsofrämjande och sociala budskap på olika sätt, dock med varierande framgång. Detta beror på organisationernas natur och verksamhetssyfte, men framför allt på de varierande resurser de olika aktörerna har att tillgå. Kännetecknande för icke-vinstdrivande organisationer är det ideella syftet och bidragsberoende från såväl privatpersoner, företag som statliga bidrag. På senare år har konkurrensen om givarnas pengar ökat, vilket har fått till följd att de icke-vinstdrivande organisationerna har utvecklat och fördjupat sitt engagemang i företagssamarbete. Samtidigt har det för företag blivit allt viktigare att visa på ett socialt ansvarstagande. Sociala allianser är en samarbetsform av marknadsföringskaraktär mellan en icke-vinstdrivande organisation och ett företag. Till grund för samarbetet ligger den icke-vinstdrivande organisationens mission och en social allians präglas av långsiktighet och ömsesidiga förtjänster.</p><p>Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att identifiera faktorer som är väsentliga för ingåendet och vidmakthållandet av en social allians.</p><p>Genomförande: Den empiriska studien är en kvalitativ undersökning bestående av sex intervjuer med representanter från Hjärt-Lungfonden och deras samarbetspartners Unilever och Choice Hotels som har direkt anknytning till de sociala allianserna.</p><p>Resultat: Studien tyder på att ett gemensamt mål är grundläggande för den sociala alliansens existens. Valet av samarbetspartner är ytterligare en grundläggande faktor vid ingåendet av en social allians. Detta bör ske med hänsyn till en rad matchningsdimensioner med utgångspunkt i parternas mission, mål och värderingar. Därtill är motiv, engagemang och kommunikation väsentliga faktorer för ett förtjänstfullt samarbete. Maktbalansen ger inte upphov till några konkreta förtjänster i sig men är en förutsättning för ett framgångsrikt samarbete.</p> / <p>Background: Today there are several actors that, by preventing and fighting against social issues such as drug addiction, smoking and bad eating habits, are working to create a better society. The different actors try to influence society and their specific target group by communicating social messages. The success of this communication varies depending on the nature and the object of the actor’s operations, but first and foremost it depends on the</p><p>resources available to the organization in question. Non-profit organizations are characterized by an ideal purpose and depend on private gifts and governmental funding. As their external environment has changed, non-profit organizations have been forced to reach beyond traditional sources and modes of funding their activities. At the same time, it has become more common for corporations to become good social citizens by engaging in social</p><p>activities. A social alliance is a type of co-operation that spans the for-profit/non-profit boundary and it is a close, mutually beneficial, long-term partnership designed to accomplish strategic goals for both entities. The objectives of the alliance generally include a mutual marketing objective and a fund-raising objective on the part of the non-profit.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to identify the essential factors for the agreement of entering and the upholding of a social alliance.</p><p>Method: The empirical study is a qualitative investigation. Six interviews have been carried out with representatives from the non-profit Hjärt-Lungfonden, and their collaborators Unilever and Choice Hotels, who all are directly involved in the two social alliances.</p><p>Results: The study indicates that a common goal is fundamental to the existence of the social alliance. The choice of collaborator is another fundamental issue when entering a social alliance. It should take place with consideration taken to an array of matching dimensions starting with the parties’ mission, objectives and values. Motives, commitment and communication are further factors that contribute to a meritorious collaboration. The power balance does not seem to cause any concrete benefits, it is however a significant prerequisite.</p>

Bakgrund: Statliga och kommunala myndigheter, liksom privata företag och ickevinstdrivande organisationer verkar idag för att bekämpa samhällsproblem och negativa beteenden såsom drogberoende, rökning och dåliga matvanor. För att påverka samhället i en positiv inriktning kommuniceras hälsofrämjande och sociala budskap på olika sätt, dock med varierande framgång. Detta beror på organisationernas natur och verksamhetssyfte, men framför allt på de varierande resurser de olika aktörerna har att tillgå. Kännetecknande för icke-vinstdrivande organisationer är det ideella syftet och bidragsberoende från såväl privatpersoner, företag som statliga bidrag. På senare år har konkurrensen om givarnas pengar ökat, vilket har fått till följd att de icke-vinstdrivande organisationerna har utvecklat och fördjupat sitt engagemang i företagssamarbete. Samtidigt har det för företag blivit allt viktigare att visa på ett socialt ansvarstagande. Sociala allianser är en samarbetsform av marknadsföringskaraktär mellan en icke-vinstdrivande organisation och ett företag. Till grund för samarbetet ligger den icke-vinstdrivande organisationens mission och en social allians präglas av långsiktighet och ömsesidiga förtjänster. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att identifiera faktorer som är väsentliga för ingåendet och vidmakthållandet av en social allians. Genomförande: Den empiriska studien är en kvalitativ undersökning bestående av sex intervjuer med representanter från Hjärt-Lungfonden och deras samarbetspartners Unilever och Choice Hotels som har direkt anknytning till de sociala allianserna. Resultat: Studien tyder på att ett gemensamt mål är grundläggande för den sociala alliansens existens. Valet av samarbetspartner är ytterligare en grundläggande faktor vid ingåendet av en social allians. Detta bör ske med hänsyn till en rad matchningsdimensioner med utgångspunkt i parternas mission, mål och värderingar. Därtill är motiv, engagemang och kommunikation väsentliga faktorer för ett förtjänstfullt samarbete. Maktbalansen ger inte upphov till några konkreta förtjänster i sig men är en förutsättning för ett framgångsrikt samarbete. / Background: Today there are several actors that, by preventing and fighting against social issues such as drug addiction, smoking and bad eating habits, are working to create a better society. The different actors try to influence society and their specific target group by communicating social messages. The success of this communication varies depending on the nature and the object of the actor’s operations, but first and foremost it depends on the resources available to the organization in question. Non-profit organizations are characterized by an ideal purpose and depend on private gifts and governmental funding. As their external environment has changed, non-profit organizations have been forced to reach beyond traditional sources and modes of funding their activities. At the same time, it has become more common for corporations to become good social citizens by engaging in social activities. A social alliance is a type of co-operation that spans the for-profit/non-profit boundary and it is a close, mutually beneficial, long-term partnership designed to accomplish strategic goals for both entities. The objectives of the alliance generally include a mutual marketing objective and a fund-raising objective on the part of the non-profit. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to identify the essential factors for the agreement of entering and the upholding of a social alliance. Method: The empirical study is a qualitative investigation. Six interviews have been carried out with representatives from the non-profit Hjärt-Lungfonden, and their collaborators Unilever and Choice Hotels, who all are directly involved in the two social alliances. Results: The study indicates that a common goal is fundamental to the existence of the social alliance. The choice of collaborator is another fundamental issue when entering a social alliance. It should take place with consideration taken to an array of matching dimensions starting with the parties’ mission, objectives and values. Motives, commitment and communication are further factors that contribute to a meritorious collaboration. The power balance does not seem to cause any concrete benefits, it is however a significant prerequisite.