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Le concept d'entreprise en droit du travail / The concept of firm in labor and employment lawDuchange, Grégoire 12 April 2014 (has links)
L’entreprise naît en Droit d'un alliage complexe de notions juridiques (le contrat de travail, la personnalité morale, la représentation collective des travailleurs, etc...). L'ordonnancement systématique de celles-ci s'impose pour percevoir la cohérence de l'organisation juridique de celle-là. Des lignes de force se dégagent. Le contrat de travail oppose deux parties aux intérêts antagonistes. Mais la libération de la force de travail du salarié, partie de sa personne, et la pérennisation du lien contractuel les obligent à coopérer. Ce mouvement est renforcé par certains mécanismes étrangers à la nature du contrat de travail. Sont organisés le partage du contrôle de l’entreprise (lequel suppose d’assurer la représentation collective des travailleurs) et celui de ses utilités. Les salariés deviennent alors des quasi-associés. L'organisation juridique de l'entreprise n'est toutefois pas figée par le dogme. Des idéologies concurrentes en façonnent les contours. Certaines s'attachent aux fins. L'entreprise est alternativement mise au service de l'emploi et de l'activité d'entreprendre. D'autres s'intéressent aux moyens. Juristes et économistes prétendent à l'organisation scientifique de l'entreprise. / In Law, the firm is the result of a complex amalgam of legal concepts (employment contract, legal personality, collective representation of workers, etc.). The systematic ordering of these ones is needed to perceive the coherence of the legal organization of that one. Guidelines emerge. Employment contract is the meeting of two parties whose interests are antagonists. But the release of the labor force of the employee, part of his person , and the sustainability of the contract require them to cooperate. This trend is reinforced by some mechanisms non implied by the nature of the employment contract. Are shared the control of the company (which involves the collective representation of workers) and of its benefits. Employees then become nearly considered as the stockholders are. The legal structure of the firm , however, is not fixed by dogma. Competing ideologies are shaping it. Some focus on purposes. The company is alternately used as a means for employment and for the will of the enterpreneur. Others focus on methods. Lawyers and economists try to organize the firm scientifically.
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L'investissement : étude juridique / InvestmentGrundeler, Guillaume 14 November 2014 (has links)
L'investissement est une notion récente dans la sphère juridique. Voici quelques années, elle n'était encore employée que dans la règlementation relative au contrôle des investissements étrangers. C'est que, si le droit n'ignorait pas l'investissement, il le saisissait presque uniquement à travers d'autres notions, tels l'apport en société ou le mouvement de capital. Depuis lors, le mot a été très largement juridicisé. Pour s'en tenir à deux exemples, on peut ainsi relever que, dans notre ordre interne, l'existence d'un investissement permet une durée contractuelle longue et que, dans l'ordre international, la qualification d'investissement est aujourd'hui une condition de la compétence des tribunaux arbitraux statuant sous l'égide du Cirdi.Cet accès spontané de l'investissement à la juridicité s'est malheureusement accompagné de certaines incohérences. Ainsi, le mot est parfois employé de manière excessivement large, comme en droit des marchés financiers, où il désigne toute opération relative à un instrument financier. De même, en droit des régimes matrimoniaux, ce que la Cour de cassation nomme les « dépenses d'investissement » recouvre en réalité l'ensemble des dépenses immobilières. Parfois, à l'inverse, certaines opérations dont la qualification d'investissement ne fait aucun doute continuent d'être envisagées à travers des notions qui en sont le simple reflet. L'objet de la thèse est donc de rétablir une certaine cohérence dans l'emploi du mot investissement en proposant une définition juridique de la notion et en esquissant certains éléments du régime qui s'y attache. / Investment is a relatively new legal concept. Some years ago, the term was only used within the foreign investment regulations. Back then, investment was mostly happrehended through other legal concepts, such as capital contribution or capital movement. Since then, however, the concept of investment has largely entered the legal vocabulary. For instance, it turns out that, in the French legal order, the existence of an investment makes the conclusion of a long duration contract possible. Besides, it may also be noted that, in the international order, the jurisdiction of an arbitral tribunal established under the aegis of the ICSID is limited to the disputes that arise out of an investment.Such a phenomenon has unfortunately brought on various inconsistencies. Thus, the term appears to be used in ways that sometimes make its meaning overly wide, as in securities law, in which investment refers to all kinds of operations related to financial instruments. Similarly, in matrimonial property regimes, what the French Cour de cassation calls "investment spending" includes all real estate spending. Sometimes, on the contrary, investment is still being apprehended through other concepts that are the simple reflection of that very concept. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to establish some consistency in the use of the term investment by proposing a legal definition of the concept and outlining some elements of its regime.
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Dano moral: da natureza da indenização aos critérios para fixação do QuantumPeres, Célia Mara 24 October 2006 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2006-10-24 / The present dissertation turns on punitive damages, the nature that they
assume in the Brazilian legal system and the problematic around the
quantum that must be awarded to the victim.
This work intends to demonstrate the importance assumed by the study of
the punitive damages in the national and world-wide scene, once the
practice of this illegal conduct confronts the constitutional principle that
guarantees the respect of the dignity of the human being, by violating the
rights of the personality.
Still, it tries to detach the difficulties to find an ideal way to award the victim
the fairest relief, which is generally pecuniary, without compromising the
legal relationship balance.
In order to make some considerations about the subject proposed, it was
necessary to make a previous study about the civil liability, by dealing with
its evolution and principles and focusing on the different aspects around the
punitive damages, such as the concept, indemnity, doctrines, trajectory of
the former court decisions and the recognition of the man as the centre of
the legal system, relegating the patrimony to a second plan.
The compilation method was used during the development of this study,
also the research of jurisprudence and comparative legislation. Laws and projects of law which are in transaction process had been mentioned as
well.
From this study, we can infer that instead of applying tax rates, the legal
arbitration continues to be the best way to award the damage, since the
magistrates observe the real necessity of basing their decisions and
discriminating, in a individualized way, each of the judgments already
consecrated by the doctrine and the jurisprudence, and mainly, the reasons
that took them into that conclusion / A presente dissertação de mestrado versa sobre o dano moral, voltada à
natureza que assume no sistema jurídico brasileiro e à problemática em
torno dos critérios utilizados para a fixação do quantum indenizatório.
Objetiva demonstrar a sua importância no cenário nacional e mundial, por
se caracterizar prática que afronta o princípio constitucional do respeito à
dignidade da pessoa humana, além de violar os direitos da personalidade.
Procurar-se-á destacar, ainda, a preocupação e dificuldades existentes, na
busca da maneira ideal para a fixação da indenização, de forma a entregar
ao ofendido a mais justa reparação, geralmente pecuniária, sem, contudo,
comprometer o equilíbrio das relações jurídicas.
Para que fosse possível tecer as considerações e conclusões sobre o tema
proposto fez-se necessário um estudo prévio da responsabilidade civil,
abordando seus fundamentos e evolução, com enfoque em diversos
aspectos que envolvem o dano moral, tais como seu conceito,
indenizabilidade, trajetória doutrinária, legislativa e jurisprudencial, e o
reconhecimento do homem como centro do ordenamento jurídico,
relegando-se ao patrimônio um segundo plano.
No desenvolvimento do trabalho foi utilizado o método de compilação,
aliado à pesquisa de jurisprudência e legislação comparada. Foram
abordadas as leis que tratam do assunto e projetos de lei que se
encontram em tramitação.
Concluiu-se que ao contrário da tarifação, o arbitramento judicial continua a
ser o melhor meio para a aferição e fixação do valor indenizatório, desde
que os magistrados observem a real necessidade de fundamentação dos
julgados, apontando, de forma individualizada, cada um dos critérios já
consagrados pela jurisprudência e doutrina com o seu respectivo valor e,
principalmente os motivos que o levaram àquela conclusão no caso
concreto
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A internacionalização da economia e seus reflexos na responsabilidade civil dos administradores das sociedades anônimasOliveira, Shirley Meschke Mendes Franklin de 07 May 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007-05-07 / This dissertation addresses the effects of globalization on the civil liability of directors & officers of joint-stock companies.
Starting with the evolution of capitalization until the consolidation of a new world economic order, this work elaborates on one of the most relevant effects of the latest developments in international trade: the competition among domestic and international companies.
Within this context, the pursuit of new markets by global companies and their concern with investment costs have stood out. Going public as a means of surviving fierce competition is analyzed, followed by an overview of the capital market and its recent growth. To that end, the evolution of the capital market and of companies is given due consideration.
It is thus shown that investors and stakeholders have become increasingly knowledgeable and demanding in terms of greater business security and transparency. This growing awareness has evolved into the so-called corporate governance, which instituted duties, obligations and above all the liability of directors & officers.
As this dissertation develops, it will also focus on the duties of directors & officers and on the evolution of civil liability, always demonstrating that legal changes have come in the sway of the globalization of economies / Discutem-se neste trabalho os reflexos da globalização na responsabilidade civil dos administradores das sociedades anônimas.
O enfoque parte da evolução do capitalismo até a criação da nova ordem econômica mundial. Passa-se então a analisar um dos mais importantes efeitos do desenvolvimento do Comércio Internacional: a competição entre as empresas nacionais e internacionais.
Com isso, destaca-se a procura de novos mercados pelas empresas e a preocupação com o custo de seus investimentos. Pondera-se a respeito da abertura do capital social como forma de ganhar força na competição acirrada, e, portanto, do crescimento do mercado de capitais. Diante disso, estuda-se a evolução do mercado de capitais e das sociedades.
Buscamos demonstrar que os investidores e os terceiros com o tempo foram se tornando mais conscientes e exigindo garantias, como segurança e transparência na condução dos negócios. Surge então um movimento conhecido como governança corporativa, que institui deveres, obrigações e acima de tudo responsabilidades aos administradores.
Por fim, trataremos dos deveres dos administradores e da evolução da responsabilidade civil, procurando sempre demonstrar que as alterações da legislação foram reflexos da internacionalização das economias
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A responsabilidade civil do Estado em face da atividade administrativa de fomento no domínio social e a do agente fomentado à luz da Constituição Federal de 1.988Higa, Alberto Shinji 24 April 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-24 / This present work has the purpose of proposing reflections for the outlining of the public
foment in the social domain and of the respective civil liability of the State and of the
parastate entities in this sphere, in light of the Constitution of the Republic of 1988. The
choice of the theme could be justified by the following reasons: (i) the contemplation of the
fertile field by the Magna Carta for the development of said administrative function; (ii) the
issuing in the infraconstitutional sphere of sparse laws that, as a pretext of the promotion of
this need, extrapolate the landmarks conceived in the Greater Law; (iii) the ommission of
these legal diplomas related to the civil liability of the State and of the beneficiary entities,
whether arising from the juridical relationship between this, fomenting agent, and those,
fomented agents, whether arising from the bond between the latter and the third party; (iv)
the lacuna in the field of juridical science, as that occurring in the legislative sphere, seeing
the attention given by the scientists of the constitutional law to said theme is still shy. To
reach the established objectives, the constitutional contours of the administrative activity of
foment in the social domain were initially traced. It was sought to identify its juridical regime
and its area of incidence. In possession of all these elements, it was then passed on to the
study of the civil liability of the State and of the fomented entity. At the end of the research, it
was noticed that the State answers for the damages caused to the fomented agents due to
its comissive or omissive acts, in the exercise of the promotional administrative function, in
objective or subjective form, respectively. Likewise, it is concluded that the State, as a rule,
does not answer for the damages caused by the fomented agents to third parties, in the
exercise of the activities which are the object of the foment, except in cases of autonomous
social services, of the social organizations that substitute the Public Authority in the
performance of public service under its charge or are benefitted with the granting of goods
and public servants, and in the cases of state omission in inspecting the activities developed
by the fomented agents, as long as observed, in this case, the theory of the direct and
immediate damage (art. 403 of the CC) and with presence of the premises related to the
subjective civil liability, by the theory of the guilt of the service. Finally, in relation to the
fomented agents, it is concluded that, as a rule, the subjective civil liability foreseen in art.
927, headline c/c art. 186 of the Civil Code, is applied in the hypothesis of extracontractual
liability or in art. 389 of the Civil Code, in case of contractual liability, whether in relation to
the State, whether in relation to the third party that makes use of the service rendered by it.
The incidence of the objective liability is an exception and is observed only in two distinct
hypotheses: (i) in the terms of sole paragraph of art. 927 of the Civil Code, which authorizes
the establishment of the objective liability in cases foreseen in law, as in Law No. 8.078/90;
and (ii) in cases of social organizations established with the purpose of substituting the State
in relation to its duty of rendering public services, in the terms of the Magna Carta, and of
deceiving the juridical administrative regime that, strictly, such activities are submitted to,
opposing the limits of complementary actuation of the private in the social domain / O presente trabalho tem por objetivos propor reflexões para o delineamento do fomento
público no domínio social e da respectiva responsabilidade civil do Estado e das entidades
paraestatais nesse âmbito, à luz da Constituição da República de 1988. A escolha do tema
pode ser justificada pelas seguintes razões: (i) a contemplação de campo fértil pela Carta
Magna para o desenvolvimento da referida função administrativa; (ii) a edição no plano
infraconstitucional de leis esparsas que, a pretexto da promoção desse mister, extrapolam
os marcos gizados na Lei Maior; (iii) a omissão desses diplomas legais quanto à
responsabilidade civil do Estado e das entidades beneficiárias, seja aquela decorrente da
relação jurídica entre este, agente fomentador e aquelas, agentes fomentados, seja a
oriunda do vínculo entre estes últimos e o terceiro; (iv) a lacuna no campo da ciência
jurídica, tal como ocorre no plano legislativo, posto que ainda é tímida a atenção dada pelos
cientistas do direito pátrio ao referido tema. Para se alcançar os objetivos fixados,
inicialmente, foram traçados os contornos constitucionais da atividade administrativa de
fomento no domínio social. Procurou-se identificar o seu regime jurídico e sua área de
incidência. De posse de todos esses elementos, passou-se, então, ao estudo da
responsabilidade civil do Estado e da entidade fomentada. Ao término das pesquisas,
constatou-se que o Estado responde pelos danos causados aos agentes fomentados por
seus atos comissivos ou omissivos, no exercício da função administrativa promocional,
respectivamente, de forma objetiva ou subjetiva. Outrossim, conclui-se que o Estado, via de
regra, não responde pelos danos causados pelos agentes fomentados a terceiros, no
exercício das atividades objeto de fomento, salvo nos casos dos serviços sociais
autônomos, das organizações sociais que substituam o Poder Público no desempenho de
serviço público a seu encargo ou sejam beneficiadas com a cessão de bens e servidores
públicos e nos casos de omissão estatal em fiscalizar as atividades desenvolvidas pelos
agentes fomentados, desde que observada, nessa hipótese, a teoria do dano direto e
imediato (art. 403 do CC) e presentes os pressupostos relativos à responsabilidade civil
subjetiva, pela teoria da culpa do serviço. Por fim, quanto aos agentes fomentados, concluise
que, via de regra, aplica-se a responsabilidade civil subjetiva prevista no art. 927, caput
c/c art. 186 do Código Civil, na hipótese de responsabilidade extracontratual ou no art. 389
do Código Civil, no caso de responsabilidade contratual, seja em relação ao Estado, seja em
relação ao terceiro que se utiliza do serviço por ela prestado. A incidência da
responsabilidade objetiva constitui-se exceção e somente se verifica em duas distintas
hipóteses: (i) nos termos do parágrafo único do art. 927 do Código Civil, que autoriza a
fixação da responsabilidade objetiva em casos previstos em lei, a exemplo da Lei nº
8.078/90; e (ii) nos casos de organizações sociais constituídas com a finalidade de substituir
o Estado no que toca ao seu dever de prestar serviços públicos, nos termos da Carta
Magna, e de burlar o regime jurídico administrativo que, a rigor, se submetem tais
atividades, contrariando os limites da atuação complementar do particular no domínio social
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RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL PRÉ-CONTRATUAL ADMISSIBILIDADE E APLICABILIDADE NO DIREITO BRASILEIROOliveira, Marcos José de 15 March 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-15 / This work is linked to the Graduate Program in Law, International Relations and
Development, the Catholic University of Goiás - PUC / GO, and examines the
applicability and admissibility of liability under Brazilian law. It starts with the
hypothesis that the liability, permeating social and legal relations have the power to
give legal support for the accountability of the agent that causes harm to others who
are both situated in the run up to the contract. The interpretation of the law, the
doctrinal approach now is part of the challenge that this research has provided us
with. There is no legal provision in the civil order that expressly deals with defining,
sanctioning and regulating the conduct of those who manage harm to others, even
when not required to hire. The admissibility of pre-contractual liability was discussed
from the viewpoint of general rules that guide and systematize liability under Brazilian
law, precisely because of the absence of explicit rule. As for its applicability that was
seen through the prism of the general theory of liability, focusing on their
assumptions of admissibility. It was developed following an investigation of the
general theory of contracts, with his new principles, as well as the theory of liability,
its assumptions and exclusive liability, and finally, the proper analysis of the research
object which is linked to civil liability pre-contract. The interpretation of the Civil Code
in addition to the assumptions led to a general analysis of abuse of rights, with the
vision of the limits imposed by the standard through the prism economic, social, good
faith and the morals. Good faith has received particular attention for his role in the
foundation of this research, with analysis of their functions, and species
characteristics. The present work is focused toward the pre-contractual civil liability,
but dedicate two items at the end, to analyze the pre-contractual liability in consumer
relations and labor relations. The methodology used to demonstrate the hypothesis
of the study was performed using the deductive method of research literature, using
the existing theories and doctrines. In the literature we attempted to support the legal
dogmatics, always supported by the Brazilian Civil Code, the Code of Consumer
Protection, the CLT and the Constitution. / Este trabalho vincula-se ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Relações
Internacionais e Desenvolvimento, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás
PUC/GO, e analisa a aplicabilidade e admissibilidade da responsabilidade civil no
direito brasileiro. Parte-se da hipótese de que a responsabilidade civil, permeando as
relações sociais e jurídicas teria o condão de dar o suporte legal para a
responsabilização do agente que cause danos a outrem, estando ambos situados na
fase que antecede a celebração do contrato. A interpretação da legislação, com o
enfoque doutrinário atual é parte do desafio que a presente pesquisa nos facultou.
Não há dispositivo legal no ordenamento civil que, de forma expressa trate de
definir, sancionar e normatizar a conduta de quem gere danos a outrem, mesmo
quando não está obrigado a contratar. A admissibilidade da responsabilidade civil
pré-contratual foi analisada sob a ótica das regras gerais que orientam e
sistematizam a responsabilidade civil no direito brasileiro, justamente pela ausência
de regra expressa. Quanto à sua aplicabilidade esta foi vista pelo prisma da teoria
geral da responsabilidade civil, com enfoque nos seus pressupostos de
admissibilidade. Foi desenvolvida uma averiguação da teoria geral dos contratos,
com sua nova principiologia, bem como da teoria da responsabilidade civil, seus
pressupostos e excludentes de responsabilidade civil, e por fim, a devida análise do
objeto da pesquisa que se vincula à responsabilidade civil pré-contratual. A
interpretação do Código Civil nos levou a somar aos pressupostos gerais a análise
do abuso do direito, com a visão dos limites impostos pela norma sob o prisma
econômico, social, pela boa-fé e pelos bons costumes. A boa-fé recebeu uma
atenção especial por seu papel relevante na fundamentação da presente pesquisa,
com a análise de suas funções, espécies e características. O presente trabalho tem
seu foco voltado para a responsabilidade pré-contratual civil, mas dedicamos dois
itens, ao final, para analisar a responsabilidade pré-contratual nas relações de
consumo e nas relações de trabalho. A metodologia utilizada para demonstrar as
hipóteses do trabalho foi realizada através do método de pesquisa dedutivobibliográfico,
utilizando as doutrinas e teorias já existentes. Além da pesquisa
bibliográfica buscou-se apoio na dogmática jurídica, com sustentação no Código
Civil Brasileiro, no Código de Defesa do Consumidor, na CLT e na Constituição
Federal.
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Sécurité informationnelle des systèmes cyberphysiques et risques à la santé et sécurité : quelle responsabilité pour le fabricant ?Fournier-Gendron, Hugo 12 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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LA RESPONSABILITA' DELLE AGENZIE DI RATING NEI CONFRONTI DEITERZI / The liability of Credit Rating Agencies towards third partiesSAPONARO, MICHELE 13 July 2012 (has links)
L’oggetto del presente lavoro è rappresentato dall'esame del rapporto tra l'attuale regolamentazione delle agenzie di rating e le regole di responsabilità civile cui le stesse agenzie possono essere assoggettate, anche alla luce del trattamento normativo riservato alle agenzie di rating dalla legislazione e dalla giurisprudenza statunitensi e delle teorie sviluppate dalla dottrina sul tema della responsabilità da informazione inesatta al mercato.
L’attuale regolamentazione introdotta dall'Unione Europea svolge un ruolo determinante sia sotto il profilo dell'individuazione del fondamento della responsabilità, sia sotto quello della ricostruzione degli obblighi, della diligenza e della causalità materiale e giuridica. La disciplina comunitaria, anche alla luce della giurisprudenza statunitense, consente di prospettare uno scenario in cui i rater sono soggetti a regole di responsabilità differenziate in ragione del diverso status riconosciuto dalla normativa rilevante.
La nuova regolamentazione comunitaria è chiamata a svolgere il duplice ruolo di fondare una sorta di private action da inadempimento in capo a qualunque investitore nei confronti di un’agenzia registrata e di contribuire a definire il perimetro degli obblighi esigibili da parte dell’agenzia, rafforzando la posizione del terzo investitore danneggiato dal rating inesatto e fornendo un efficace supporto agli strumenti di tutela di tipo pubblicistico. / The present work is focused on the examination of the relationship between the current regulation of credit rating agencies and the rules of civil liability to which agencies may be subject to, in light of the regulatory treatment of the U.S. credit rating agencies, both according legislation and case law, and the legal theories developed on the case of liability for incorrect information to the market.
The regulation introduced by the European Union plays a major role to find out the basis of liability, the duties of diligence and the legal and material causality nexus. EU regulation, in light of U.S. case law, can envisage a scenario in which the raters are subject to different rules of liability on the basis of the different status recognized by the relevant legislation. The new EU regulation is called to play a dual role: to establish, although not explicitly, a sort of private action for negligence on the part of investors against a registered agency, and to help in defining the scope of the obligations of the credit rating agency, strengthening the position of the third investor damaged by inaccurate ratings and providing an useful support to the public enforcement remedies.
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La responsabilité civile des conseillers en génétique au Québec et les conséquences juridiques de la non-reconnaissance : vers un encadrement juridique?Zawati, Ma'n Hilmi Mohammad 08 1900 (has links)
Depuis maintenant quelques décennies, les conseillers en génétique jouent un rôle de plus en plus important dans le domaine de la génétique médicale. Leur apport ainsi que l’importance de leur rôle sont aujourd’hui incontestables. Leur statut juridique, cependant, demeure incertain et requiert une analyse approfondie.
En effet, n’étant pas reconnue par le Code des professions du Québec, la pratique du conseil génétique se trouve conséquemment privée de la protection octroyée par ce Code aux autres professionnels, notamment celle ayant trait au titre et à l’exclusivité des actes. Devant ce statu quo et dans l’optique de la protection du public, l’étude de la responsabilité civile du conseiller en génétique s’avère nécessaire. Trois obligations principales ressortent de cette analyse, soit les obligations de compétence, de renseignement et de confidentialité.
En ce qui a trait aux conséquences juridiques de la non-reconnaissance, elles ne sont pas négligeables. En vérité, l’inertie du législateur québécois floue la relation qu’a le conseiller en génétique avec les autres membres de son équipe multidisciplinaire, et ce, surtout en ce qui a trait à la délimitation des actes qu’il peut prodiguer. En effet, ce dernier risque d’empiéter sur certains aspects de la pratique médicale et infirmière, engendrant ainsi sa responsabilité pénale.
Finalement, il s’est avéré important de chercher des pistes de solutions étrangères pouvant se transposer au Québec. Le cas de la France se trouve à être un exemple pertinent, puisque le législateur français a reconnu législativement le conseiller en génétique en tant que professionnel et a protégé tant le titre que l’exclusivité des actes de ce dernier. / In recent decades, genetic counselors have played an increasingly important role in the field of medical genetics. Today, their contribution and the importance of their role are indisputable. Their legal status, however, remains uncertain and requires further analysis.
Indeed, not being recognized by the Professional Code of Quebec, the practice of genetic counselors is consequently deprived of the protection granted by this Code to other professionals, notably the exclusivity of their titles and acts. Given this status quo and with the aim of protecting the public, a study of the civil liability of genetic counselors becomes necessary. Three main duties of genetic counselors emerge from this analysis: the duty to proficiency, the duty to inform, and the duty of confidentiality.
Moreover, there are several legal consequences for non-recognition of this emerging profession. Indeed, the inaction of the Quebec legislator has resulted in a confusing relationship between the genetic counselor and the other members of the multidisciplinary team, especially with regard to the delimitation of services which the counselor can provide. Indeed, the latter may infringe on certain aspects of the medical practice and nursing, thereby engendering his penal liability.
This situation leads us to foreign jurisdictions in an effort to find possible solutions which can be transposed in Quebec. The situation in France comes as a relevant example, since the French legislature has legally recognized the genetic counselor as a professional and has protected his title as well as the exclusivity of his practice.
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Teisinė atsakomybė etatistinės ir demokratinės teisės sampratų požiūriu / Legal Liability from the Point of View of Normativist and Democratic Law ConceptsRibikauskas, Audronius 21 January 2007 (has links)
In the paper Legal Liability from the Point of View of Normativist and Democratic Law Concepts concept of liability is briefly described. Social liability and its kinds are analysed. Legal liability is distinguished like a separate kind from the social liability, featuring a unique obligatory legal definition sign. Its application is assured by the state. Kinds of legal liability analysed: positive and tortious (negative) legal liability. Basis for occurrence of legal liability are described. Dependence of the legal liability upon the legal system of a state is described in the paper. In the non-democratic states, where the laws become a tool for the rulers to give law to the masses, other kinds of social liability, e.g. moral liability, contradict with the legal liability. All kinds of the social liability, except the legal liability, feature no forced measures applicable upon the violator. It is stressed that the non-democratic legal systems fail to accept the positive legal liability. Unsuccessful efforts of the Soviet law theoreticians to introduce the concept of positive legal liability into the law science are mentioned. Tortious legal liability is a sequel and guarantee of the positive liability. Therefore it is the secondary and the positive liability is the primary (main) form of the legal liability. It becomes especially vivid in the democratic society, when its right ceases being repressive and implementation of the positive law is first of all assured by the... [to full text]
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