Global ETD Search

21	Identification de la source de défaut dans une ligne de production du semiconducteur Chakaroun, Mohamad 29 June 2015 (has links) Un système de production High-Mix Low-Volume est caractérisé par une grande variété de technologies, des faibles volumes de production, et des produits de courte durée de vie. L’introduction de la technique d’échantillonnage dynamique à ce système de production a permis un gain important sur le rendement de production. Cet échantillonnage est basé, en temps réel, sur les états des équipements et sur l’ensemble des produits en cours de fabrication. Les méthodes classiques d’analyse des rendements, nécessitant un grand nombre de mesure par produit, ne sont plus aussi performantes. Afin d’adapter le diagnostic au nouvel environnement de production, les travaux de cette thèse proposent une approche de diagnostic qui consiste à localiser l’équipement à l’origine de défauts dans une ligne de fabrication du semi-conducteur. Elle est composée de trois modules principaux. Le premier module est constitué d’une méthode d’identification de l’équipement en mode de fonctionnement anormal. Cette méthode est basée sur l’analyse d’éléments communs. Le deuxième est un module de tri de données. Un algorithme d’alignement de séquences a été utilisé afin de comparer les caractéristiques des échantillons et calculer le taux de similarité. Le troisième module est l’échantillonnage réactif pour le diagnostic. Cet échantillonnage est basé sur un modèle d’optimisation linéaire qui permet de trouver l’équilibre entre le nombre d’échantillons et le temps d’analyse. L’approche proposée est validée sur des données expérimentales issues de la ligne de fabrication de la compagnie STMicroelectronics à Rousset-France. / High-Mix Low-Volume manufacturing process is characterized by a wide variety of technologies, low production volumes, and short cycle time of products. The introduction of dynamic sampling technique in this system has enabled a significant improvement of production gain. The dynamic sampling is based on the equipment states and the set of products being manufactured. The yield enhancement methods requiring à large number of measurements by product, are no more efficient. In order to adapt the diagnosis method to the new manufacturing environment, this thesis provides a defect source identification method applied to semiconductor manufacturing process. It is composed of three main modules. The first module aim to identify the faulty process equipment. This module is based on the tool commonality analysis approach. The second module consists in sorting the products. A Sequence Alignment Algorithm has been used in order to compare the sample characteristics and to calculate the similarity degree. The third module is a reactive sampling method for the diagnosis. This method is based on a linear optimization algorithm that allows finding the tradeoff between the number of samples and the analysis time. The proposed approach has been approved on real data from STMicroelectronics manufacturing line in Rousset-France. High-Mix Low-Volume Localisation de la source de défauts Analyse des éléments communs Alignement de séquences Programmation linéaire High-Mix Low-Volume Defect Source Identification Tool Commonality Analysis Sequence Alignment Linear programming
22	Tool support for the derivation of product line use cases : A case study in the railway transportation domain Forsman, Viking January 2021 (has links) Use cases are textual artifacts used to define the expected behavior of a system. However, use cases become more complicated when applied in a product line context since they need to define the behavior of several systems. Product line use cases require knowledge of commonality and variability concepts, which all involved stakeholders do not necessarily possess. Product-specific use cases are more understandable since they do not include variability information. Therefore, it would be beneficial to derive product-specific use cases from the product line use cases once the variability has been bound. This derivation could alleviate communication and help create a shared understanding of the product's expected behavior amongst diverse stakeholders. In this thesis work, we have implemented a tool that can perform this type of derivation. The tool is divided into two collaborating parts. The first part is an extension to DOORS, which is responsible for creating and maintaining product line use cases. The second part is a third-party application responsible for binding the variability and deriving product-specific use cases. This tool was evaluated using a questionnaire with participants from Alstom, a company within the railway transportation domain. The evaluation showed that the tool has potential as a vehicle for communication amongst diverse stakeholders. / Use cases är textuella artefakter vilka används för att definiera det förväntade beteendet hos system. Dock så blir use cases mer komplicerade när de appliceras inom en produktionslinje-kontext, eftersom de då behöver definiera beteendet av flera olika system. Användandet av produktionslinje use cases kräver kännedom av kommonalitet och variabilitet koncept, vilket alla inblandade delägare inte nödvändigtvis behärskar. Därför skulle det vara gynnsamt om man kunde derivera produktspecifika use cases från produktionslinje use cases när dess variabilitet har bundits. Denna derivation skulle kunna underlätta kommunikation och skapa en gemensam förståelse av produktens förväntande beteende bland delägare med olika bakgrunder. I detta avhandlingsarbete har vi implementerat ett verktyg som kan utföra denna typ av derivation. Verktyget är uppdelat i två samarbetande delar. Den första delen är ett tilläggsprogram till DOORS, vilken är ansvarigt för att skapa och underhålla produktionslinje use cases. Den andra delen är en tredjeparts applikation vilken är ansvarig för att binda variabiliteten och derivera fram produktspecifika use cases. Verktyget evaluerades med ett frågeformulär med tio deltagare från Alstom, ett företag inom järnvägstransport området. Denna evaluering visade att verktyget har potential att användas som ett fordon för kommunikation mellan delägare med olika bakgrunder. Use Case Use Case Template Product Line Engineering Requirement Engineering Textual Specification Variability Commonality Tool Support Software Engineering Programvaruteknik Computer Sciences Datavetenskap (datalogi)
23	Essays on retirement plans and fund commonalities within mutual fund families Park, Youngkyun January 2008 (has links) This dissertation studies underfunding in defined benefit (DB) pension plans and firms' contribution behavior, 401(k) plan participant investments in lifecycle funds under plan sponsors' initiative, and fund commonalities within mutual fund families. Responding to the recent decline in DB pension funding, firms have increased pension contributions to their underfunded plans. In the first essay I empirically examine firms' contribution behavior to underfunded DB plans and funding choice for pension contributions. I find that firms reveal different sensitivities of pension contributions to underfunding across aggregate funding levels. Furthermore, at a lower funding level firms have the greater sensitivity of pension contributions to underfunding and significantly utilize the tax deductibility of pension contributions. As for a funding choice to fund pension deficits, firms use debt financing at a low funding level, but utilize internal funding by decreasing capital expenditures at a lower funding level. Firms that use the debt financing are likely to have investment-grade credit ratings or high debt leverage, while firms that use the internal funding are likely to be high-levered ones. Recently lifecycle funds have rapidly grown in self-directed retirement plans. Despite the increasing popularity among plan sponsors and participants, there are few empirical studies on lifecycle funds. In the second essay, I examine the recent lifecycle fund adoption behavior of 401(k) plan participants from 2004 to 2006. I find that the likelihood of participants changing an investment strategy to adopt lifecycle funds is not significantly affected by participant demographic characteristics, but by participant account and plan design features. This study extends our understanding of 401(k) plan participants' investment behavior by finding (1) that the substitution of lifecycle funds for balanced funds, as well as the designation of lifecycle funds as a plan default, strongly affect participants' investments in lifecycle funds and (2) that balanced fund holdings of participants are negatively associated with their lifecycle fund investments. Mutual funds account for a significant portion of household financial assets and retirement assets. An understanding of characteristics of mutual funds is crucial to fund investors--especially those whose retirement nest eggs are in mutual funds. In the final essay, I examine the impacts of fund commonalities within mutual fund families on fund characteristics in terms of return residual correlations and fund operating expenses. As fund commonalities within a fund family, I focus on common stock holdings and common management of funds. I find that common stock holdings and an existence of a common manager of funds are positively related to return residual correlations, but negatively related to fund operating expenses. This finding suggests that when investors select low-cost equity funds within a family, they should be aware that there exists an investment risk that the fund commonalities that lower fund operating expenses may additionally increase return correlations of the funds. / Business Administration Business Administration, Management Economics, Finance Defined Benefit Pension Plan Pension Financing 401(k) Plan Lifecycle Fund Mutual Fund Family Fund Commonality
24	UK equity market microstructure in the age of machine Sun, Yuxin January 2018 (has links) Financial markets perform two major functions. The first is the provision of liquidity in order to facilitate direct investment, hedging and diversification; the second is to ensure the efficient price discovery required in order to direct resources to where they can be best utilised within an economy. How well financial markets perform these functions is critical to the financial welfare of every individual in modern economies. As an example, retirement savings across the world are mostly invested in capital markets. Hence, the functioning of financial markets is linked to the standard of living of individuals. Technological advancements and new market regulations have in recent times significantly impacted how financial markets function, with no period in history having witnessed a more rapid pace of change than the last decade. Financial markets have become very complex, with most of the order execution now done by computer algorithms. New high-tech trading venues, such as dark pools, also now play outsized roles in financial markets. A lot of the impacts of these developments are poorly understood. In the EU particularly, the introduction of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) and advancements in technology have combined to unleash a dramatic transformation of European capital markets. In order to better understand the role of high-tech trading venues in the modern financial markets' trading environment generally and in the UK in particular, I conduct three studies investigating questions linked to the three major developments in financial markets over the past decade; these are algorithmic/high-frequency trading, market fragmentation and dark trading. In the first study, I examine the changing relationship between the price impact of block trades and informed trading, by considering this phenomenon within a high-frequency trading environment on intraday and inter-day bases. I find that the price impact of block trades is stronger during the first hour of trading; this is consistent with the hypothesis that information accumulates overnight during non-trading hours. Furthermore, private information is gradually incorporated into prices despite heightened trading frequency. Evidence suggests that informed traders exploit superior information across trading days, and stocks with lower transparency exhibit stronger information diffusion effects when traded in blocks, thus informed block trading facilitates price discovery. The second study exploits the regulatory differences between the US and the EU to examine the impact of market fragmentation on dimensions of market quality. Unlike the US's Regulation National Market System, the EU's MiFID does not impose a formal exchange trading linkage or guarantee a best execution price. This has raised concerns about consolidated market quality in increasingly fragmented European markets. The second study therefore investigates the impact of visible trading fragmentation on the quality of the London equity market and find a quadratic relationship between fragmentation and adverse selection costs. At low levels of fragmentation, order flow competition reduces adverse selection costs, improves market transparency and enhances market efficiency by reducing arbitrage opportunities. However, high levels of fragmentation increase adverse selection costs. The final study compares the impact of lit and dark venues' liquidity on market liquidity. I find that compared with lit venues, dark venues proportionally contribute more liquidity to the aggregate market. This is because dark pools facilitate trades that otherwise might not easily have occurred in lit venues when the spread widens and the limit order queue builds up. I also find that informed and algorithmic trading hinder liquidity creation in lit and dark venues, while evidence also suggests that stocks exhibiting low levels of informed trading across the aggregate market drive dark venues' liquidity contribution.
25	企業併購的動態競爭分析 ─ 以台灣半導體封測廠商日月光與矽品合併為例 / Dynamic Competition Analysis in M&A – A Case Study of ASE-SPIL Merger 賴品中 Unknown Date (has links) 2016年全球半導體產值約 3,270 億美元，台灣半導體產值佔全球的23%，繼續蟬聯全球第二大半導體產業大國，排行僅次於美國。此外，台灣以出口為導向，根據我國財政部統計，2017上半年積體電路出口金額占整體出口總值的27.6%，是我國最主要的出口產品，可見半導體產業對台灣的影響力不言而喻。近年來半導體併購浪潮興起，台灣廠商也無法置身事外，最受矚目非日月光與矽品的非合意併購案莫屬。一般學術論文對於非合意併購案的探討，著重於併購前的動機與併購後的綜效，鮮少討論雙方在併購過程中的攻防。故本研究欲以動態競爭觀點，並考量政府對併購成敗的影響，來找出矽品最後同意日月光共組控股公司之提案的原因，並分析此合併案對全球封測產業所造成的影響。本研究發現雙方在合併前，應用產品及地區的市場共同性，分別呈現上升及下降趨勢，透過收購矽品，日月光不僅能追趕其主要競爭對手在車用電子的領先地位，更可以降低營收過度集中於北美的風險。另外，雙方在台灣及中國的專利申請數量有下降趨勢，但在美國專利的申請數有明顯增加且資源相似性也呈上升趨勢，故推論日月光收購矽品可鞏固其在北美市場的領導地位。總而言之，雖然日矽合併案被外界視為雙贏結果，但客戶轉單、中國商務部的限制條件及收購溢價偏高可能使得此合併綜效有限。在面對中國封測產商崛起、封測產業的市場集中度上升及半導體產業中下游界限越來越不明確的情況下，雙方合併為必然之勢。 / The worldwide semiconductor market grew 1.1% in 2016 to $338.9 billion USD, in which Taiwan accounts for 23% of the total output. Taiwan continues to rank as the world's second largest semiconductor industry, with the first being America. Taiwan is export oriented, and from the statistical data provided by the Ministry of Finance, the shipment of integrated circuit exports accounted for 27.6% of gross export value in the first two quarters of 2017. This indicates that integrated circuit is an important export product and that the semiconductor industry is of great importance to Taiwan. The recent and unprecedented M&A waves in the semiconductor industry caused major changes and created impact on Taiwanese semiconductor firm. The recent case that drew most attention is the M&A between ASE (Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc.) and SPIL (Siliconware Precision Industries Co., Ltd). While most academic theses focus on the acquiring firm’s motive and post-M&A synergy, the offense and defense strategies during the M&A process are rarely explored. This research aims to focus on reasons why SPIL agreed on ASE’s proposal to form a joint venture holding company and the impact on the global OSAT (Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test) industry after this M&A. This thesis utilized the dynamic competitive perspective and identifies government’s impact on M&A. The study finds that before the merger, the commonality of product shows an upward trend while the commonality of region market presents a downward direction. This merger not only assists ASE to catch up with its leading competitors in the automotive electronics sectors, but also reduce the revenue concentration risk, given that its major sales is in North America. In addition, the number of patents filed by both companies in Taiwan and China has declined, but the number in the United States has increased significantly along with an escalating resource similarity. Therefore, the research concludes that the acquisition of SPIL can consolidate ASE’s leading position in the North American market. To sum up, the merger of ASE and SPIL is regarded as win-win outcome. However, the M&A has risks, such as customer attrition, restriction from The Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China (MOFCOM) and merger overpayment. Such uncertainties may reduce synergy. Nevertheless, in the face of the rise of China's OSAT business, the market concentration of OSAT industry, and the increasingly unclear boundary between the middle and downstream firms, the merger of the two firms is inevitable. 動態競爭市場共同性資源相似性察覺 - 動機 - 能力觀點高階經營團隊非合意併購封測產業 Dynamic competition Market commonality Resource similarity AMC theory Top management team Hostile takeover OSAT industry
26	The Shades of Styles : A human search for words communicating all aspects of styles. Hellerslien, Erlend January 2021 (has links) This research is an investigative attempt on the concept of style´s development to potentially noticing our diverse human history on viewing the aspect of styles, starting (in the part one) by looking into the problem of the development of styles and its characteristic of representation in terms of its messages, realties, semiotics, and human collaboration. Leading towards the human search in seeing style more commonly neutral for a more meaningful dialog. The research shows then (in the part two) the potential to build a Digital Style Dictionary and A Digital Visual Compass: A Human-Centric Guide on The Aspect of Seeing Reality’s that can support identifying aspects of multiple realities (core reality, abstract reality, surreal reality and artificial reality) — where two cases (in the part three) of visual styles get analyzed, discussed, reframed, and presented (Transpace and Swisch). Fundamentally this paper looks to provoke a discussion on what we humans want the point to be in seeing styles. The complexity is as grand as our diversity, but still, this research highlights the hope to respectfully identify the distinctive shades of styles for the sake of a more significant human dialog and inclusion. The research´s grand ambition is knowingly bigger than what it itself can grasp to complete right now (2021) fully. It proposes an idea for the near future to shape a Digital Style Dictionary and a Digital Visual Compass that works for the common human aspect of seeing styles. This research is a first attempt towards shaping the fundamental frame towards a spectrum of the style´s, that we can respectfully continue to articulate for the sake to include better human communication on the aspect of seeing distinctiveness, not that style´s stands in a capital value program between something “high” or “low.” Instead, we can now start to collaborate in shaping and building these potential tools as A Digital Style Dictionary and A Digital Visual Compass in sharing a more human-centric spectrum of styles to push the human evolution of knowledge further. Style Styles Shades of Styles Digital Style Design Theory Semiotic Theory Semiotics Semantics Seethics Design Inclusion User Experience Design Cultural Analytics Visual Worlds Art Historical Writing Digital Art History Visual Studies Visual Literacy Human Communication Digital Style Dictionary Digital Visual Compass Spectrum Reality Multi Realities Core Reality Abstract Reality Surreal Reality Artifical Reality Phenomenolgy Moral Ethics Labels Critical Terms Aspects of Seeing Representation Transpace Style Swisch Style Medium RAW Image Artifical Intelligence AI Visual Exploration Humankind Fundamentals Bias Gizmos Hyperreality Mythologies Sterotyping Discrimination Stories of Art Synesthesia Post-truth Fake Photo Creativity Art Direction Editing Advertising Manipulation Marketing Animation Photography Film Ilustration Graphic Design Arcitecture Color Icon Beauty Human Commonality Respect Diversity Art History Konstvetenskap Visual Arts Bildkonst
27	GIS-based Episode Reconstruction Using GPS Data for Activity Analysis and Route Choice Modeling / GIS-based Episode Reconstruction Using GPS Data Dalumpines, Ron 26 September 2014 (has links) Most transportation problems arise from individual travel decisions. In response, transportation researchers had been studying individual travel behavior – a growing trend that requires activity data at individual level. Global positioning systems (GPS) and geographical information systems (GIS) have been used to capture and process individual activity data, from determining activity locations to mapping routes to these locations. Potential applications of GPS data seem limitless but our tools and methods to make these data usable lags behind. In response to this need, this dissertation presents a GIS-based toolkit to automatically extract activity episodes from GPS data and derive information related to these episodes from additional data (e.g., road network, land use). The major emphasis of this dissertation is the development of a toolkit for extracting information associated with movements of individuals from GPS data. To be effective, the toolkit has been developed around three design principles: transferability, modularity, and scalability. Two substantive chapters focus on selected components of the toolkit (map-matching, mode detection); another for the entire toolkit. Final substantive chapter demonstrates the toolkit’s potential by comparing route choice models of work and shop trips using inputs generated by the toolkit. There are several tools and methods that capitalize on GPS data, developed within different problem domains. This dissertation contributes to that repository of tools and methods by presenting a suite of tools that can extract all possible information that can be derived from GPS data. Unlike existing tools cited in the transportation literature, the toolkit has been designed to be complete (covers preprocessing up to extracting route attributes), and can work with GPS data alone or in combination with additional data. Moreover, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of route choice decisions for work and shop trips by looking into the combined effects of route attributes and individual characteristics. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) GPS time use diary episode extraction multinomial logit travel behavior mode detection episode reconstruction GIS map-matching route choice path size logit potential path area scale estimation Python ArcGIS activity analysis trip reconstruction smartphone global positioning system geographic information system toolkit work trip shop trip potential activity location land use activity episode travel episode stop episode transferability scalability modularity scripting big data travel survey respondent burden preprocessing multipath error tracking purpose detection segmentation data filter data smoothing fuzzy logic neural network decision tree rule-based algorithm trajectory point road network network dataset gateway shortest path horizontal dilution of precision HDOP commonality factor mode transfer point Halifax Nova Scotia Space-Time Activity Research variance inflation factor shapefile comma-separated values traveling salesman problem data mining branch-and-bound algorithm pedestrian network alternative route observed route route efficiency route attributes distance time heading bearing duration acceleration latitude longitude coordinate overlay analysis intersect shopping module data logger walk likelihood ratio test classification table path generation kappa statistic degrees data collection transportation research automate framework ArcToolbox spatio-temporal navigation positioning trace path spatial data topology horizontal accuracy SPSS Stata spatial resolution temporal resolution household survey trip reporting proximity analysis DMTI Desktop Mapping Technologies Inc. road intersection route overlap left turn right turn location analysis time geography spatial statistics buffer analysis cycling bus transit public transportation GEOIDE AGILE data need raw data urban canyon endpoint data cleaning elevation satellite outliers automatic processing nearest node classifier classification method short trip multi-point

Page generated in 0.0528 seconds