The development of social competence is a fundamental aspect of children’s adjustment and functioning (Hussong et al. 2005). Children with severe social impairments are at risk for academic and mental health difficulties, and they often require a higher degree of family support beyond childhood compared with nondisabled populations (Green et al., 2000; Tanguay, 2001). Little is known about how severe social competency deficits in children influence the family environment and how the family environment typical of this population influences the school adjustment of these children. The purpose of the study was to 1) examine differences in mothers’ perceptions of family climate among children with social competency disorders (SCD), children with Verbal Learning Disabilities (VLD), and typically developing children (TYP); 2) determine whether social competency moderated the effect of the Systems Maintenance domain of the family environment on a teacher rated school outcome. Participants were 60 children, ages 8 to 14, and their mothers selected from the University of Texas at Austin Assessment of Social Competency in Children with Developmental Disorders Research Project. Data were received from a family climate questionnaire completed by mothers, a behavioral questionnaire completed by teachers, and a social competence measure administered to children. Results found that mothers of children with VLD and SCD viewed their families similarly to mothers of typically developing children and that mothers rated their families within the normal range across almost all aspects of the family environment. The single exception to this was that mothers of children with VLD perceived their family climates to be more openly expressive than mothers of children in the SCD and TYP groups, and that mothers of children in the TYP group perceived their family as more organized compared with the clinical groups. The hypothesis that social competence moderated the effect of the Systems Maintenance domain of the family environment on child study skills was not supported by the data. Lack of differences across groups with respect to almost all aspects of the family climate suggests that mothers in the clinical groups perceived strengths and assets in the family climate similarly to mothers of typically developing children. / text

Bakgrund: Trauma är ett världsomfattande problem. I Sverige avlider 4500 personer årligen av traumarelaterade skador. Lennquist (2007) menar att denna siffra kan minskas vid optimerad organisation och förhöjd/förbättrad kompetens inom traumavård. Syfte: Att undersöka operationssjuksköterskors självskattade kompetens inom traumavård utifrån Landstinget Västmanlands kompetensutvecklings modell, baserad på Benners kompetens- och utvecklingsstadier. Metod: Deskriptiv analys av kvantitativ data. Operationssjuksköterskor på en operationsavdelning i Sverige svarade på ett frågeformulär. Frågorna var utvecklade utifrån Landstinget Västmanlands kompetensutvecklings modell och Svensk sjuksköterskeförenings sex kärnkompetenser. Resultat: Vid studiens genomförande arbetade 36 operationssjuksköterskor vid operationsavdelningen, 15 operationssjuksköterskor deltog. Nio operationssjuksköterskor (n=15) befann sig på "expertnivå" men utförde arbetsuppgifter utifrån en lägre kompetensnivå. Majoriteten av operationssjuksköterskorna svarade "stämmer helt" på fyra av svensk sjuksköterskeförenings sex kärnkompetenser och "stämmer delvis" på resterande två. Alla deltagande hade deltagit i någon form av traumautbildning. Slutsats: Det finns behov av ökad struktur och klarare riktlinjer kring operationssjuksköterskans kompetensutveckling eftersom experterna utför arbetsuppgifter utifrån en lägre kompetensnivå. Operationssjuksköterskorna hade goda kunskaper inom fyra av de sex kärnkompetenserna men behövde förbättra sin kunskap inom två områden. / Background: Trauma is a worldwide problem. In Sweden 4500 people die annually of trauma-related injuries. Lennquist (2007) argue/mean that optimized organization and improved competence in trauma care could decrease the number of deaths due to trauma. Aim: To investigate operating nurses' own view of their competence in trauma care in relation to Landstinget Västmanland's model for competence, based on Benner's stages of clinical competence. Method: Descriptive analysis of quantitative data. Operating nurses working in a operative department were given questionnaires to respond to. The questions were based on Landstinget Västmanlands stages of competence and The Swedish Nurses Association's six core competencies. Results: Thirty-six operating nurses worked at the department during the week the questionnaires were distributed and fifteen chose to participate. Nine operating nurses (n=15) were classified as "experts", but performed duties at a lower competency level. The majority of the operating nurses responded "agree completely" to four of the six core competencies and "partly true" on the remaining two. All participants had participated in some kind of trauma education. Conclusion: There is a need for greater structure and better guidelines regarding operating nurses' competence development since experts preformed their duties at a lower competency level. Operating nurses had good knowledge in four of the six core competencies but needed to improve their knowledge in two areas.

Bakgrund. I Sverige utgör trauma den vanligaste dödsorsaken för vuxna, 18-45 år. Traumateamets utbildning och kompetens är av stor betydelse för den skadade patientens överlevnad. Anestesisjuksköterskan har en viktig roll som medlem i traumateamet i det initiala omhändertagandet av traumapatienter. Syfte. Syftet var att beskriva anestesisjuksköterskors uppfattning av den egna kompetensen inom traumavård. Metod. Studien var empirisk med kvantitativ data där en enkät delades ut till 45 anestesisjuksköterskor på en operationsavdelning på ett sjukhus i Sverige. Deltagarna skattade sin kompetens och svaren ställdes mot Benners kompetensstege och Svensk sjuksköterskeförenings sex kärnkompetenser. Resultat. Tjugo anestesisjuksköterskor deltog i studien varav tolv skattade sig som experter, en som kompetent och sju som noviser eller avancerad nybörjare. Samtliga deltagare skattade "stämmer helt" eller "stämmer delvis" vad gäller kompetens inom de sex kärnkompetenserna oberoende av arbetad tid på operationsavdelningen. Några expertsjuksköterskor arbetade inte med handledning, undervisning, kvalitetsutveckling och arbetsledning, medan några noviser och avancerade nybörjare arbetade med dessa expertuppgifter. Majoriteten av deltagarna hade fortbildning inom trauma. Slutsats. Lång arbetserfarenhet och utbildning inom traumavård var två orsaker som bidrog till den höga självskattade kompetensen bland deltagarna. Mer forskning behövs för att undersöka varför en del anestesisjuksköterskor på expertnivå inte arbetar med handledning, undervisning, kvalitetsutveckling och arbetsledning. / Background. In Sweden trauma is the leading cause of death of adults between 18 and 45 years of age. Therefore the education and competence of trauma teams is of vital importance. As members of trauma teams, nurse anesthetists have an important role to play in the initial care of trauma patients. Aim. The aim was to describe Swedish nurse anesthetists’s self-evaluations of their own competence in trauma care. Method. The study was an empirical study using quantitative data. A questionnaire was handed out to 45 nurse anesthetists working in a perioperative department in a Swedish hospital. The participants estimated their competence and the answers were compared to Benner’s stages of clinical competence and the six core competencies of the Swedish Nurses Association. Results. Twenty nurse anesthetists participated and of those twelve classified as experts, one as competent and seven as either novices or advanced beginners. All the participants answered either "agree" or "partly agree" in response to questions concerning the six core competencies regardless of how long they had worked in the perioperative department. Some experts did not work with tutoring, education, quality development or staff management, on the other hand, some of the novices and advanced beginners had been given such important responsibilities. The majority of the participants had continued education in trauma. Conclusion. Long work experience and high participation in trauma education were two important causes of the high competence of the participants. More research is needed to determine why some experts were not involved in tutoring, education, quality development or staff management.

Personalen är företagens viktigaste tillgång är ett vanligt förekommande uttryck och kompetens anses idag utgöra en förutsättning för goda resultat och framgång (Björklund & Holmqvist, 1999; Johansson & Johrén, 2011). Det kan dock vara svårt att konkretisera ökade kunskaper i samband med utbildning, vilket kräver en diskussion angående hur verksamheten och medarbetare påverkas. Få organisationer har idag strukturerade system att spåra och upptäcka det värde och de positiva effekter som en investering i kompetensutveckling kan medföra (Chong et al., 2000). GKN Aerospace Sweden AB arbetar aktivt med ett utbildningsverktyg för kompetensutveckling som benämns "Training Days". Syftet med dessa utbildningsdagar är att med hjälp av interna lärare utbilda personalen för att höja kompetensnivån och för att uppmuntra till kunskapsutbyte. Syftet med studien är att ta fram en föreslagen beräkningsmodell för investering i kompetensutveckling samt undersöka vilka effekter som dessa interna utbildningsdagar ger, både ur ett individperspektiv och ett organisatoriskt perspektiv. Studien består av ett kvalitativt och tolkande synsätt, där metoder för datainsamling utgörs av informantintervjuer och enkätundersökning. Tanken med "Training Days" och interna lärare syftar att alla ska kunna dela med sig av kunskap, då det finns mycket kompetens inom organisationen. Konceptet innebär att medarbetare utbildar andra medarbetare, vilket leder till att företaget "tankar ur" kunskap från nyckelmedarbetare till övriga anställda. Resultatet och slutsatserna från studien visade att kunskapen och informationen från "Training Days" var värdefull och bidrog med att förbättra deltagarnas arbete och ledde främst till mer generell kunskap men även mer fördjupad kunskap. Den modell som valts att appliceras på konceptet är bottom-line vilken enligt Smith (2004) är en modell av utvärderingskaraktär som kompletteras med monetära mått där fokus i metoden ligger på att bedöma effekterna av investeringar på deltagarnivå. Effekterna från dessa utbildningsinsatser anses för medarbetarna vara ökad effektivitet, förbättrad arbetsprestation samt förbättrad arbetskvalitet. Ur ett organisatoriskt perspektiv erhålls en konkurrensfördel då medarbetarna besitter en djup och generell kunskap, samt att det för-modligen har en viss påverkan på företagets ekonomiska resultat och framgång / The staff is the company’s most important asset is a common expression and compe-tence is considered today as a condition for good results and success (Björklund & Holmqvist, 1999; Johansson & Johrén, 2011). It can though be difficult to concretize increased knowledge in education, which requires a discussion of how the business and employees are affected. Few organizations today have structured systems to track and discover the value and the positive impact that an investment in competence development may entail (Chong et al., 2000). GKN Aerospace Sweden AB is actively working with a training tool for competence development called the "Training Days". The purpose of these training days is that with the help of internal trainers educate the staff to raise skills and to encourage the exchange of knowledge. The purpose of this study is to develop a proposed calculation model for investment in competence development and to study the effects that these internal training days provide, both from an individual perspective and an organizational perspective. The study consists of a qualitative and interpretive appro-ach, in which methods of data collection consists of informants interviews and a survey. The idea of the "Training Days" and internal trainers aims that everyone can share their knowledge, because there is a lot of expertise within the organization. The concept means that employees train other employees, resulting that the company pass on knowledge of key employees to other employees. The results and the conclusions from the study showed that knowledge and information from the "Training Days" was valuable and contributed to improve the participants’ work and led mainly to more general knowledge but also more in-depth knowledge. The model applied to the concept is the bottom-line which according to Smith (2004) is a model of evaluation character, supplemented by monetary measures where the focus of the method lies in determining the effects of investments on a participant level. The effects of these educational interventions considered for the employees to be increased efficiency, improved job performance and improved work quality. From an organizational perspective obtains a competitive advantage as employees possess a deep and general knowledge, as well as it presumably have some impact on the company’s financial performance and success

The thesis is based on a research project called Learning-in-partnership, abbreviated to “Learnpartner”. The work was organized as a joint research project between Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Spain, and Germany, and managed by Leeds University Business School in the UK. Our project task was to describe best practice for partnership-based work on the labour market within the European steel and metal industry when responding to the process of restructuring.The research was based on case studies in two Swedish companies, where we conducted interviews with trade union people, employees, managers, and human resource personnel. The qualitative design was supplemented with interactive methods during discussions, workshops, and seminars, which meant involving practitioners from both the companies and the trade unions in interpreting the results. The theoretical framework relates to work organisations, industrial relations, competence development as well as conditions for sustainable development. In order to describe the research findings in this thesis, a model was used to highlight different factors that can influence change processes.The report describes empirical findings regarding the consequences of change processes taking place at organisational and at individual level. The results show that both the companies have been successful when it comes to responding to the restructuring process; however, there are some differences at individual level. The thesis highlights certain factors such as; management strategies, trade union involvement, workteams, employee participation and follow-up and discusses how they influence the entire process and the outcomes of restructuring work.Hanne knows the steel industry from her childhood. She grew up in a small district in Sweden where the steel mill was the biggest and (almost) the only employer. Her parents and brothers worked there until the rolling mill was closed down. Her previous relationship with the world of steel helped her while working on the thesis, and gave her some kind of justification to be inquisitive. Hanne Randle is a researcher and PhD-student at Karlstad University – department of Working Life Science. Besides from industrial relations and partnership, Hanne has researched; conditions for developing sustainable public sector jobs, developing a European standard for vocational education and training for explosive sector workers, older workers and lifelong learning, and workplace learning. As a mean to develop a joint learning process between researchers and practitioner her method in research is to involve participants into the whole process of the research.

In recent decades, the conceptualisation of translation competence and its development has attracted significant attention from translation researchers. Existing literature on translation competence is characterised by the prevalence of multi-componential models of translation competence, with inadequate attention paid to the interplay between competence components in the translation process. Therefore, this doctoral research sets out to re-conceptualise translation competence from a problem-solving perspective so as to understand translation competence and its development in the translation process. By re-defining and re-modelling translation competence with inspiration from problem-solving studies, this research proposes a conceptualisation of translation competence and its development that accommodates the translation process and the learning process. In order to validate the relevance of the proposed theoretical framework, a longitudinal study was conducted among a small group of Chinese students from an MA translation programme, using the translation task-based interview as the main research instrument. Findings from the empirical study have demonstrated the relevance and strength of the theoretical framework as well as revealing individual and shared paths of translation competence development among the learners. This research enriches the current understanding of translation competence and its development. It introduces a fresh perspective for conceptualising translation competence, proposes an effective instrument for empirical competence research, and identifies possible directions for further research. It also has practical implications for translation pedagogy, offering theoretical and empirical support for some recent approaches and trends in translator education and training.

Bristen på kvalificerad arbetskraft är idag utbredd över många branscher. IT-sektorn är en av de branscher som är hårdast drabbad och de närmaste åren förväntas bristen öka. Denna studie syftar till att hjälpa företag inom IT-branschen att se vad som får potentiella medarbetare att söka sig till en specifik arbetsgivare. Denna kunskap ska sedan kunna användas som ett verktyg för att utveckla sitt arbete med employer branding och genom det kunna attrahera, rekrytera och behålla kvalificerade medarbetare. Studien genomfördes på ett företag från Umeå som valt att vara anonyma, hädanefter kallat företag X. Datainsamlingen grundade sig i en värdefaktorsmodell och två olika metoder användes för att samla in datan. För det första genom en enkät som besvarades av 35 potentiella medarbetare, alltså personer som sökt arbete hos företag X. För det andra genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomfördes med medarbetare på företag X. Resultatet visade att det finns en diskrepans mellan vad potentiella medarbetare söker och vad företag X i nuläget erbjuder. Det potentiella medarbetare värderar högst hos en arbetsgivare är att kunna lita på sina chefer och ledare samt att få möjlighet att utveckla sina kompetenser, vilka av medarbetarna på företag X upplevs som utvecklingsområden hos företaget. Denna diskrepans utmynnade i ett förslag i hur företag X kan utveckla sitt arbete med employer branding och genom detta möta de förväntningar potentiella medarbetare har.

The demands on engineering professional in the knowledge society do not correspond to those of the last century and to meet them, the engineering education practices must adapt. The accelerated technological evolution and fast change on social and economic contexts corroborate the importance of two key competences in the engineering professions, critical thinking and creativity. The objective of this work is to promote through the comprehension of individual assessment role, techniques and tools the development of both competences in the context of engineering. To promote individual assessment practices that allow such development, this work began with the bibliographic review of education theories, competence development, motivation, engineering demand and assessment theories. With a deeper understanding of these concepts, a discussion on the main practices that can add value to engineering education and the development of critical thinking and creativity in this context. As a research result strategies are proposed to incorporate these practices in engineering courses, taking into account both the objectives of education processes as well as constraints such as time limitations for preparations and activities execution, the size of classrooms, infrastructure and task availability. / As demandas da sociedade de conhecimento sobre os profissionais de engenharia são bastante diferentes daquelas presentes no século passado, para atende-las a educação em engenharia deve se adaptar. A acelerada evolução tecnológica e rápida mudança em contextos sociais e econômicos reforça a importância de duas competências que são chave nas profissões de engenharia, pensamento crítico e criatividade. O objetivo deste trabalho é promover através da compreensão do papel e da utilização de técnicas e ferramentas de avaliações individuais o desenvolvimento de ambas competências no contexto de engenharia. Para promover práticas de avaliação individual que permitam tal desenvolvimento, este trabalho se iniciou com revisões bibliográficas dos principais conceitos relacionados às teorias de educação, desenvolvimento de competências, motivação, demandas de engenharia e teorias de avaliação. Com uma compreensão mais profunda sobre estes conceitos inicia-se uma discussão das principais práticas que possam agregar valor à educação em engenharia e ao desenvolvimento de pensamento crítico e criatividade neste contexto. Como resultado de pesquisa são propostas estratégias para incorporar práticas em cursos de engenharia, considerando tanto os objetivos do processo educacional como limitações como tempo para preparação e aplicação de atividades, tamanhos de sala de aula, infraestrutura e disponibilidade de tarefas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Silvia do Amaral Lisboa.pdf: 254775 bytes, checksum: 2f89cf34e740ef975fc2ebc6c2c9498f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-18 / The aim of this phenomenological/interpretative study was to understand and interpret the essence of managers experiences in developing competencies in a brazilian company doing international business. The intention was to highlight which meaning these managers give to the challenges faced in the global markets and how they transform these meanings at work. The objective was also to investigate the learning process that support the competencies development required for performance, and explore the importance of their professional experiences lived for the success of their work. A phenomenological approach was used based on Sandberg (2000) proposal that considers the competence a result of the meaning each professional gives to the work. It was analyzed the seven managers experiences in a brazilian national food company during the process of internationalization. The lived experiences reported by the managers are exclusives but this study could identify similarities in the speeches, and in summary the professionals develop their abilities to work in a foreign country through (a) their professional lived experiences in business, because no managers had formal training, courses or other initiatives lead by the company. It was important what has been lived and experienced in a foreign country, the adaptation, language and culture challenges faced which were used as learning for the international performance. Moreover, (b) the manner how each person drove their life history and professional career course, their personal battles and efforts were fundamental for a successful performance in international business , to confront a completely new environment and overcome unfamiliar situations. The results demonstrated that the essence of becoming competent in a foreign country happens in a gradual way, step by step. The passage for a phase of discomfort is the condition to get the second phase of reflection and comparison with the native country, until reach the phase of adaptation and assimilation, when the managers start to give efficient answers to cultural dilemmas. Immersed in a new culture, the work and the manager role get different meanings. Being competent in your native country does not mean being competent in a foreign country. The professionals starts a change process due to the interaction with other social groups, they become more critics and are able to improve the managerial view and develop the capacity to face a diversity of situations. The competence development process happens through a internal process of reflection and self-mobilization after facing a new reality of work, clients, process, business, etc. The learning that supports the competence is the ability to understand the other, what makes possible to interpret e give meaning to their ways of thinking and acting. This comprehension provides a behavior change in the managers to feel accepted and inserted in a new context. The ability to understand what is hidden, to interpret attitudes and behaviors through the time, takes the manager over new competencies to give answers to the problems faced, to obtain respect and credibility. And moreover, win professional self-esteem and selfconfident to have a better performance in the managerial role in foreign countries. / Trata-se de um estudo fenomenológico/interpretativista que teve por objetivo apreender e interpretar a essência da experiência dos gestores em desenvolver competências para atuar no exterior. A intenção foi descobrir qual o significado que atribuem a estes desafios impostos na conquista de mercados globais e de que forma este significado foi se traduzindo em ação nas suas práticas de trabalho. Buscou-se observar, também, os processos de aprendizagem que deram suporte para o desenvolvimento das competências desses gestores. Para atingir este objetivo recorreu-se a abordagem interpretativista/fenomenológica dos estudos de competências, considerando, sobretudo, o modelo de Sandberg (2000), para quem a competência é decorrente do significado que o trabalho tem para o trabalhador. Sendo assim, foram analisadas as experiências vividas por sete gestores brasileiros no processo de internacionalização de uma empresa de alimentos nacional. Apesar de cada experiência vivida pelos gestores ser única, podese identificar as invariantes dos discursos, o que permitiu distinguir que, em linhas gerais, os profissionais desenvolvem as habilidades para atuar no exterior por meio de: (a) suas experiências profissionais vividas no dia-a-dia dos negócios, já que nenhum deles passou por processos dirigidos de formação como treinamentos, cursos ou outro tipo de iniciativa mais formal por parte da empresa. Foram, sobretudo, suas vivências no exterior, o enfrentamento dos desafios da adaptação, da língua e da cultura que serviram como fonte primária de aprendizado para o seu desempenho internacional. Além disso, (b) suas histórias de vida e trajetória profissional, isto é, a maneira como cada individuo conduziu a sua experiência, suas batalhas pessoais e esforços, exerceu influência nas condições necessárias para ser bem sucedido no exterior, quando tiveram que enfrentar um ambiente totalmente novo e superar os desafios impostos por situações que não são familiares. Os resultados revelaram que a essência do fenômeno de tornar-se competente no exterior acontece de forma gradativa e evolutiva. A passagem por uma fase de desconforto inicial é condição para ir para a segunda fase de reflexão e comparação sobre as diferenças com o país de origem, até atingir a etapa de adaptação e assimilação, em que os gestores começam a aprender a dar respostas eficientes aos dilemas culturais vivenciados. Imersos em uma nova cultura, o trabalho e a função de gestor adquirem outros significados. Ser competente no seu país de origem não significa ser competente num país estrangeiro. A convivência com outros grupos sociais faz com que os profissionais iniciem um processo de mudança e tornem-se mais críticos, capazes de desenvolver uma visão mais ampla da função gerencial, o que os capacita a conviver com uma diversidade de situações. O desenvolvimento de competências acontece, portanto, por um processo interno de auto-mobilização e reflexão frente a uma nova realidade de trabalho, clientes, processos, negócios e etc. A aprendizagem que dá suporte à competência é a de entender esse outro, o que permite interpretar e dar significado aos seus modos de pensar e agir. Essa compreensão impulsiona uma mudança no comportamento dos gestores para que sejam aceitos, compreendidos e inseridos no novo contexto. A capacidade de entender o que está oculto, de decifrar atitudes e comportamentos ao longo do tempo, leva não só o gestor a adquirir competências para dar respostas aos problemas enfrentados, ganhar respeito e credibilidade, mas a conquistar uma auto-estima profissional e autoconfiança para desempenhar melhor a sua função gerencial em terras estrangeiras.

Bakgrund: Återkoppling har visat sig vara viktigt för ambulanspersonal speciellt för de som är nyanställda i yrket. Återkoppling kan ske från kollegor, patienter, vid praktiska övningar och kan vara både verbalt och skriftligt. Om återkoppling inte sker kan misstag upprepas. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga återkoppling till ambulanspersonal och dess betydelse för kompetensutveckling. Metod: Som metod användes en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med ett bekvämlighetsurval. Som datainsamlingsmetod valdes en enkät som var webbaserad och som importerades som en Excel-fil och analyserades i SPSS 25. Resultat: Resultatet visade att majoriteten av ambulanspersonalen ansåg att återkopplingen var viktig för deras kompetensutveckling. Vissa skillnader fanns om ambulanspersonal ansåg att de fick tillräckligt med återkoppling. Majoriteten av respondenterna fick återkoppling från varje vecka till varje månad, men det var även många respondenter som aldrig fick återkoppling. Slutsats: Olika studier skulle kunna ge svar på vilken typ av återkoppling som ambulanspersonal har behov av för deras kompetensutveckling och varför, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier skulle kunna genomföras. En liknande studie skulle även kunna genomföras men eftersträva en högre svarsfrekvens. Forskning skulle behövas genomföras nationellt för att se om det finns skillnader mellan olika län i Sverige. Den nationella forskningen skulle kunna bidra till utformning av standardiserade rutiner för hur återkoppling ska ske till ambulanspersonal nationellt. / Background: Feedback has proven to be important for ambulance personnel especially for those who are newly employed in the profession. Feedback can come from colleagues, patients, practical exercises and it may be both verbal and written. Absents of feedback may cause mistakes to be repeated. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe systematically feedback to ambulance personnel and its importance for competence development. Method: As a method for the study a quantitative cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling was chosen. As data collection a servery was selected which was web-based and then imported as an Excel-file and analysed in SPSS 25. Result: The result showed that the majority of the ambulance personnel felt that feedback was important for their competence development. Some differences were found among the ambulance personnel about if the feedback was sufficient. The majority of respondents received feedback weekly to monthly, but there were also many who never received feedback. Conclusion: Different studies would be needed to investigate what type of feedback ambulance personnel need for their competence development and why, both qualitative and quantitative studied could be conducted. The research would need to be carried out nationally to explore if there are differences between different counties in Sweden. A national study could lead to design of standardized procedure for how feedback should be presented to ambulance personnel nationally.