Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Caneparo dos Anjos.pdf: 1180634 bytes, checksum: 03313d1ae0d1d365ca8cb09a040d219e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-11 / This study aims to analyze the implementation of judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights by States which recognized its contentious jurisdiction. Thus aims at gradual improvement in human rights conditions in those locations by developing proposals to harmonize legislations regarding the implementation of nonfinancial terms of inter-American sentences minted in international cooperation. The importance of this research rests on high rates of non-compliance of its indictments, especially those obligations of doing and not doing imposed on States. Therefore, in a sharing sovereignty reality, a viable direction for this scenario is the use of cooperation tools. By seeing that only Peru and Colombia have these laws and they not complied them satisfactorily the first proposal is based on the implementation and improvement of these regulations, applying them successfully in all States that are part of the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court; as an alternative, the thesis alluded to the United Kingdom´s system, which greatly contributes to the effective enjoyment of human rights. For the correct understanding, it was discussed about the State devices: social formations, its historical and elements, the influence of the globalization, the consequent of the sharing sovereignty and the emergency of international organizations. Furthermore, the study examined the international cooperation and its utility for the guarantee of effectiveness of human rights, by analyzing its concepts, principles and its practical application nowadays. Human rights were also the foundation of this thesis, as well as their structural apparatus and its consequent international protection, reached the study of the inter-American system for the protection of human rights. Finally, the thesis looking at each of the States that recognized the contentious jurisdiction of the Inter- American Court to understand each internal milestone about the protection of human rights and their predictions of the implementation of international sentences. Thus, it was possible to understand local necessities and connect them to the possibility of harmonization of legislations by using cooperation tools. The study concluded that the effectiveness of human rights sentenced by Inter-American Court would be assured, at least, legally / O presente estudo envolve a análise da implementação das sentenças da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos pelos Estados que reconheceram sua competência contenciosa. Assim, objetiva a gradativa melhora nas condições dos direitos humanos naqueles locais pelo desenvolvimento de propostas de harmonização das legislações nacionais quanto à execução dos termos não pecuniários das sentenças interamericanas, cunhadas na cooperação internacional. A importância desta pesquisa repousa no fato de se constatarem altos índices de descumprimento das condenações da Corte Interamericana, especialmente quanto às obrigações de fazer e de não fazer impostas aos Estados. Assim sendo, em uma realidade de compartilhamento de soberanias dos Estados, uma orientação viável para a transformação da situação de descumprimento de condenações que envolvem os direitos humanos é justamente a utilização de instrumentos cooperativos. Haja vista que apenas Peru e Colômbia possuem estas legislações e ainda assim não efetivaram de maneira satisfatória -, a primeira proposta se baseia na implementação e melhoria destas normativas, aplicando-as satisfatoriamente em todos os Estados que integram a competência contenciosa da Corte; como via alternativa, alude-se ao meio previsto no Reino Unido, cujo qual contribui sobremaneira para o concreto gozo dos direitos humanos. Para a correta compreensão, incorreu-se na indispensabilidade do exame de todo o artefato estatal: primeiras formações sociais, desenrolar histórico, seus elementos, influência da globalização e o consequente compartilhamento de soberanias e emergência das organizações internacionais. Ademais, apreendeu-se acerca da cooperação internacional e sua utilidade para com a garantia de eficácia dos direitos humanos, discorrendo-se sobre sua conceituação, seus princípios e sua aplicação prática contemporaneamente. Os direitos humanos também formaram o alicerce desta tese, tendo sido averiguado seu aparato estrutural, bem como sua consequente proteção internacional, chegando-se, assim, ao estudo do sistema interamericano de proteção dos direitos humanos. Por fim, explorou-se casuisticamente cada um dos Estados que integram a competência contenciosa da Corte Interamericana, justamente para compreender cada um dos marcos internos de proteção dos direitos humanos e suas previsões sobre o cumprimento das sentenças internacionais. Assim, viabilizou-se a apreensão das necessidades locais e atrelou-as à possibilidade de harmonização das legislações pelo compartilhamento das soberanias que, em última análise, resumem-se a instrumentos cooperativos. Pressupõe-se, desta forma, que a eficácia dos direitos humanos previstos nas condenações da Corte Interamericana estará, ao menos, assegurada juridicamente

Appréhendée aussi comme un idéal, l’égalité se décline juridiquement à travers le principe de non- discrimination. Étudié par le prisme du droit européen, il se révèle être un exemple significatif des difficultés mais aussi des potentialités des relations entre les deux principaux espaces juridiques européens : le Conseil de l’Europe et l’Union européenne. La Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, le Comité européen des droits sociaux ainsi que la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne affichent une apparente homogénéité derrière laquelle se cachent des réalités différentes qui fragilisent le principe de non-discrimination et affaiblissent son rôle pourtant central dans le renforcement du droit européen des droits de l’homme. Ce principe doit ainsi être redéfini afin de retrouver une pleine efficacité en tenant compte du fait que son interprétation ne peut différer d’un espace européen à l’autre. Ce défi majeur conduit à analyser en quoi consiste précisément, pour l’Europe, le caractère axiologique du principe de non-discrimination. / Also perceived as an ideal, equality finds its legal incarnation in the non-discrimination principle. When examined through the European prism, it reveals its full meaning in terms of difficulties, but also of potential, for the relations between the two main European legal systems : the Council of Europe and the European Union. The European Court of Human Rights, the European Committee of Social Rights as well as the Court of Justice of the European Union, behind the apparent similarity displayed, harbour different realities, thus underming the non-discrimination principle and weakening its key role in the defence of European human rights law. In order to restore its full effectivness, this principle should be redefined, bearing in mind that its interpretation cannot change from one European legal system to another. This major challenge leads to the analysis of the exact implications, for Europe, of the cornerstone function played by the non-discrimination principle.

La dimension objective représente l’une des principales théories d’interprétation des droits fondamentaux en Allemagne. Peu connue en dehors de son cadre national, elle se déploie toutefois au niveau européen et en particulier dans la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne, sans être pensée en tant que telle. La présente étude vise à analyser cette conception à l’échelle européenne à travers ses caractéristiques essentielles dégagées à partir du droit allemand, et mettre en évidence l’influence de ce dernier sur le droit européen. La dimension objective se présente ainsi comme une interprétation téléologique et totale, qui indexe la protection des droits sur des valeurs politiques et morales, et assure leur rayonnement au sein mais aussi à travers les ordres juridiques. Si elle constitue un point d’orgue dans la sophistication de la théorie des droits, elle emporte néanmoins le risque de relativiser ces derniers dans leur fonction subjective de protection des libertés individuelles. / The objective dimension is one of the main theories of the interpretation of fundamental rights in Germany. Although relatively unknown outside its national context, it exerts an influence at a European level, especially in case-law in the European Court of Human Rights, without being regarded as such. The present study aims to analyze this approach of rights at a European scale through its main characteristics drawn from German law, as well as to highlight the influence of the latter on European law. The objective dimension appears to be a teleological and total interpretation that establishes the protection of rights on certain political and moral values, and ensures their radiating effect within but also through legal systems. If it is a breakthrough in the elaboration of the theory of rights, it also carries the risk of weakening these same rights in their subjective function which is to protect personal freedom. / Bonjour Sophie, Madame Danova a déposé un nouveau contrat ce 10/09/2015. Le rôle FICH est à modifier. Merci d'avance Suzanne

Cette recherche porte sur l'exécution de 138 arrêts condamnatoires rendus par la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme contre la Finlande jusqu'à présent. La recherche montre que la procédure finlandaise d'exécution n'est pas bureaucratique et qu'elle fonctionne bien, l'efficacité globale étant donc à un niveau très avancé. Quant au paiement de la satisfaction équitable et la prise des mesures individuelles, la recherche démontre que l'exécution est assez efficace en Finlande, sauf en cas de réouverture des procédures nationales. La recherche montre également que même si la prise des mesures générales est efficace du point de vue temporel et matériel, il y a parfois une réticence de prendre des mesures. Néanmoins, la plupart des mesures générales sont prises d'une manière efficace, l'un des meilleurs exemples étant les affaires ne bis in idem. Par contre, les affaires concernant la durée excessive des procédures judiciaires ne font pas preuve ni d'efficacité temporelle ni matérielle. / This study focuses on the execution of the 138 condemnatory judgments delivered so far against Finland by the European Court of Human Rights. The study showed that the Finnish execution procedure was not bureaucratic and it worked well, the overall procedural effectiveness thus being at a very advanced level. As to the payment of just satisfaction and the taking of individual measures, the study showed that the execution was fairly effective in Finland both in the temporal and material sense, the only exception being reopening of domestic proceedings. The study also revealed that although the taking of general measures in Finland was mostly effective, there was also some reluctance to take execution measures. Still most of the general measures were taken effectively in Finland, one of the best examples being the ne bis in idem cases. On the other hand, the length of proceedings cases represented a group of cases in which the temporal and material effectiveness was at its lowest.

L’utilisation par les contribuables et leurs conseils des dispositions relatives aux droits de l’homme, en général, et de la Convention EDH, en particulier, n’a plus rien d’étonnant aujourd’hui. Les juridictions nationales se référent de plus en plus souvent à la Convention dans l’ensemble du contentieux fiscal. Certes, le sujet n’est pas facile à aborder car il se trouve à la croisée des chemins du droit public et du droit privé et, de par son champ d’application, se relève très vaste. L’étude a pour objectif d’identifier la position de la Cour EDH sur la matière fiscale lorsqu’elle joue un rôle spécifique dans la défense des droits fondamentaux du contribuable. L'accent sera mis sur l’influence que les dispositions conventionnelles ont pu exercer sur la protection des droits du contribuable et sur les évolutions matérielles et procédurales du droit fiscal dans certains pays membres du Conseil de l’Europe. L’étude présente un intérêt certain de fournir les moyens d'une meilleure appréciation de l'apport véritable de la jurisprudence de la Cour EDH à la protection des droits du contribuable, propulsée par l’évolution de l’interprétation de la Convention EDH à la lumière des conditions de la vie actuelle. À cet égard, son originalité tient à ce qu'elle s'appuie sur une analyse large des affaires rendues en matière fiscale et, par conséquent, sur les décisions jurisprudentielles les plus récentes. Une comparaison avec la jurisprudence de la CJUE est également effectuée dans la mesure du possible. / Nowadays, the use of different provisions intended to protect human rights in general, and the ECHR, in particular, by taxpayers and their counsel does not surprise with many domestic jurisdictions increasingly making reference to the Convention in any type of tax litigation. However, it is still a difficult topic to address as it simultaneously crosses across both public and private law. The main aim of this study is to identify the position of the Court on taxation matters, when it assumes a specific role in the protection of the taxpayer’s fundamental rights and freedom. Emphasis is given to the impact that the provisions of the Convention can exert on the evaluation of substantive and procedural tax rules that are applied in several countries of the Council of Europe and the protection of the taxpayer’s rights. The study has a specific interest to provide the means for a better understating of the real value of the European Convention on Human Rights for the protection of the taxpayer’s rights propelled by its dynamic interpretation over the past years. In this regard, the originality of the study is based on a broad analysis of cases recently decided by the Court. As far as possible, a comparison with the case law of the CJEU is also undertaken.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Caneparo dos Anjos.pdf: 760239 bytes, checksum: 5ee46b05e649692d78bf61e3f9b3099c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-21 / This research aims to study the main cases of human rights violations involving the Brazilian state, driven to within the American system of protection of human rights. Ultimately, this study intended to investigate the decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on these issues. For the correct understanding of the issue, it was discussed the need to analyze some institutes of International Law, specifically international organizations and human rights. Accordingly, with respect to international organizations, the study examined its main points, covering its development history, its concept, its modifications according to the claims of society and, finally, its correlation to the protection and realization of human rights. Regarding the latter, the research needed to elaborate on their exponential issues involving its historical development, its conceptual determinations, the need for international protection and, in agreement with this, their systems of protection, both universal (present within the United Nations Organization) and regional (European, African, Arab and inter- American). Because of the main points of the study, the protection system of greater value was the inter-American system, enshrined in the Organization of American States, specifically in their Commission and Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The jurisdictionalization of this system is embodied in his Court, and, for a case of violation come to its attention, the Commission needs to understand that the Court s decision is essential. Thus, according to the survey, it was considered Brazil has a crucial role in the development of inter-American system, but, paradoxically, it is a major violator of human rights. The Brazilian state, in this sense, was sued by five times in the Inter-American Court - Damião Ximenes Lopes (Case 12237); Gilson Nogueira de Carvalho (Case 12058); Arley Joseph Escher and others (Case 12353), Garibaldi (Case 12478), and Julia Gomes Lund and others (Case 11552). Just in case of Gilson Nogueira de Carvalho it has not demonstrated that Brazil violated human rights.The conclusion was that Brazil was not a strong supporter and protector of human rights in the internalization and enforcement of these sentences. Brazil has only fulfilled part of the sentences. Finally, the study concluded that the inter-American system needs to enhance, despite its character of extreme importance in the protection of human rights. In the Brazilian case, it should treat their sentences more seriously to become a committed state not only to inter-American system, but also to the protection and realization of human rights of its citizens / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo dos principais casos de violações de direitos humanos, envolvendo o Estado brasileiro, levados ao âmbito do sistema interamericano de proteção de direitos humanos. Em última análise, destina-se esse estudo à investigação das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos nas referidas questões. Para a correta compreensão do tema, debateu-se sobre a necessidade do exame de alguns institutos de Direito Internacional, especificamente das organizações internacionais e dos direitos humanos. Nesse sentido, no que tange às organizações internacionais, examinou-se seus principais pontos, englobando seu desenrolar histórico, seu conceito, suas modificações de acordo com os reclames da sociedade e, por fim, sua correlação para com a proteção e efetivação dos direitos humanos. No que tange a esses últimos, viu-se a necessidade de discorrer sobre suas exponenciais questões, envolvendo seu desenvolvimento histórico, suas determinações conceituais, a necessidade de uma proteção a nível internacional e, em concordância com essa, seus sistemas de proteção, tanto universais (presente no quadro das Organizações das Nações Unidas), como regionais (sistema europeu, africano, árabe e interamericano). Por ali se encontrarem as questões cruciais do estudo, o sistema de proteção de maior valia fora o interamericano, consagrado na Organização dos Estados Americanos, mais especificamente em sua Comissão e Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. A jurisdicionalização do referido sistema encontra-se materializada em sua Corte, sendo que, para que um caso de violação chegue ao seu conhecimento, necessário se faz o crivo anterior da Comissão. Assim, de acordo com a pesquisa, entendeu-se ter o Brasil um papel crucial no desenvolvimento do sistema interamericano, mas, paradoxalmente, constitui-se como um grande violador dos direitos humanos. O Estado brasileiro, nesse sentido, fora demandado por cinco vezes na Corte Interamericana nos casos Damião Ximenes Lopes (Caso 12.237); Gilson Nogueira de Carvalho (Caso 12.058); Arley José Escher e Outros (Caso 12.353); Sétimo Garibaldi (Caso 12.478); e Julia Gomes Lund e Outros (Caso 11.552) -, tendo sido condenado em todos eles, à exceção do caso Gilson Nogueira de Carvalho. Chegou-se à conclusão que, na internalização e cumprimento das referidas sentenças, o Brasil não se demonstrou um fervoroso defensor e protetor dos direitos humanos, pois veio cumprir apenas parte dos dispositivos das referidas sentenças. Finalmente, pôde-se concluir, com esse trabalho, que o sistema interamericano, obstante seu caráter de extrema importância na proteção dos direitos humanos, necessita aprimorar-se para que a efetivação se torne uma realidade nos Estados que dele fazem parte e, no caso brasileiro, deverá o Brasil tratar suas condenações com mais seriedade para que, de fato, venha a ser um Estado comprometido não apenas ao sistema interamericano, mas igualmente à proteção e efetivação dos direitos humanos de seus cidadãos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nathercia Cristina Manzano Magnani.pdf: 1101006 bytes, checksum: d5e1138517b9dbba5332bae1c7e09ead (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This project aims to understand which base(is) of the human and fundamental rights is (are) predominant in the jurisprudence s construction in effect for indigenous communities of Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) and of the Supreme Federal Court (STF). In order to do so, three theories have been studied aiming to found the human and fundamental rights: universalism, cultural relativism and the critical perspective of the theoretical text present in the literary works of Joaquín Herrera Flores. After that based on collected and analyzed data, it was possible, based on comparison analyzes, to run a quantitative and qualitative study to conclude that the first jurisprudence (IACHR) is more open for the dialogue and confluency universalism. The conclusion was also based in the fact that the first jurisprudence (IACHR) has been interpreting violations committed against indigenous population as well as communal violations therefore highlighting the importance of cultural identity rights of the indigenous population, the right to be consulted and reinforcing their rights to have a dignified life / O trabalho busca compreender qual(is) concepção(ões) de direitos humanos e fundamentais é(são) predominante(s) na construção da jurisprudência sobre povos indígenas da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) e do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). Para tanto, foram estudadas três correntes que, de maneira diversa entre si, dedicam-se a fundamentar os direitos humanos: a universalista, o relativismo cultural e a mirada crítica presente nas obras de Joaquín Herrera Flores. Seguidamente, partiu-se para uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa das jurisprudências sobre indígenas da CIDH e do STF e a partir dos dados colhidos, analisados e comparados foi possível ponderar que a primeira é mais aberta para ao diálogo e ao universalismo de confluência do que o segunda, já que vem interpretando as violações cometidas contra as populações ameríndias como violações comunais e dando destaque ao direito à identidade cultural, à consulta prévia, acessível e informada e à vida digna

L’effectivité de l’accès aux instances de l’asile dépend de la réunion de plusieurs facteurs qui ne viennent pas uniquement du droit national. La condition sine qua non de l’effectivité d’un tel accès est une réception harmonieuse par les différents Etats, des garanties procédurales indispensables à celui-ci et définies au niveau européen, ce qui suppose toutefois une relation équilibrée entre le droit conventionnel et le droit de l’Union, construite dans un esprit de dialogue. Dans l’établissement de ce dialogue, le législateur de l’Union, tout comme la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme et la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne jouent un rôle primordial, et si ce dialogue s’avérait dissonant, le droit national pourrait encore corriger les insuffisances ainsi constatées. Certes, à cette fin, il est nécessaire d’établir un dialogue également au niveau national, et ce, non seulement avec les instances européennes mais aussi à l’intérieur de l’Etat entre les autorités administratives et juridictionnelles. In fine, l’effectivité de cet accès est tout autant indispensable dans une dimension transfrontalière afin de rapprocher davantage les législations nationales et de proposer une solution européenne aux problèmes structuraux et systémiques caractérisant cet accès. / The effectiveness of access to asylum bodies depends on a combination of several factors which are not derived solely from national law. The sine qua non of the effectiveness of such access is a harmonious reception by the various Member States of the procedural guarantees essential to it and defined at European level, which presupposes, however, a balanced relationship between ECHR law and Union law built in a spirit of dialogue. In establishing this dialogue, the EU legislator, like the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union, plays an essential role, and if this dialogue were to prove dissonant, national law could still correct any shortcomings thus noted. To this end, it is certainly necessary to establish a dialogue also at national level, not only with the EU legislator and the European courts but also between the administrative and judicial authorities at State level. Ultimately, the effectiveness of this access is also essential in a cross-border dimension in order to further approximate national legislation and to propose a European solution to the structural and systemic problems characterizing this access.

The protection of ownership right and property restitution in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. Abstract The topic of this graduation theses is the protection of property as embodied and provided by European Convention of Human Rights and its authorities. The author also pays attention to how the European Court of Human Rights dealt with number of Czech and Slovak complaints concerning the restitution process taking place after the fall of the communism with purpose to rectify at least some of the last regime's wrongs as to the acts of deprivation occurred before the restoration of democracy. Emphasis is primarily put on Strasbourg authorities case law.

Existing research on states and human rights focuses primarily on international treaty ratification, post-treaty rating systems, and ad hoc reports on adherence in individual countries. Additionally, the literature is characterized by disproportionate attention to certain rights to the neglect of others, thereby painting an incomplete and potentially inaccurate picture of a state’s practice and implementation of human rights. Consequently, the extant literature too frequently disregards key domestic and international factors as determinants of cross-national variation in the implementation and protection of human rights, and it instead generates paradoxical claims about human rights and state behavior. With Europe as its empirical focus, this study tests one assertion that state strength relative to societal actors impacts the frequency of cases heard at the European Court of Human Rights. Findings suggest that state strength indeed plays a role in the overall number of cases from member states in the European human rights system.