Coworking is a new type of work model that has been developing rapidly during the 21th century. However, no academic research has been conducted on the subject yet. We have, therefore, decided to study the subject in order to evaluate if and how Coworking has an effect on creativity. The problem with this thesis is that creativity is a broad subject that includes several variables. This has led us to study theories within the field of: innovation, motivation, personal traits, and environment in respect to the Creative Process by Sawyer (2006). These theories have laid the foundation of our theoretical framework and are used to study our purpose and answer the research questions. This thesis is built upon data from individual case studies from semi-structured interviewees with coworkers from The Hub in Stockholm, Sweden. These interviews have then been transcribed and categorized by the Content Analysis in accordance with Hancock (1998).  The data has then been analyzed in-depth by using Eisenhardt’s Cross-Case Pattern Analysis (1989) in order to evaluate the relevance and reliability of the data. The results from our analysis are presented in unity with our method and theoretical framework, this part concludes with a reflection over our purpose and suggestions for future areas of research. The main finding from the results is that Coworking has a positive effect on creativity. But, this is mainly due to the mix of people participating in Coworking. The diverse group of coworkers creates at network of knowledge located in an open atmosphere that simplifies the creation of new ideas. We believe that this thesis has contributed to the academic society as it currently is the only academic paper within the area of Coworking.

The diploma thesis is focused on coworking, creative and innovative centres in Brno and their importance for the development of the city. The aim is to describe the current state of these centres, then to analyze their impact on the development of the city and determine their contribution to potential users. The first part deals with the definition of basic business concepts and business environment in Czech republic and is also dedicated to the importance of innovation and creativity within organization. It also discusses the historical development of coworking, creative and innovative centres in Brno and Czech republic, their definitions with paying attention on the vision and values of the entities, principles of their functioning, then showing and examples of realized projects and benefits. The practical part is devoted to the actual quantitative and qualitative research, evaluation and formulation of the final recommendations, which are focused not only on the further development of these centres, but also to established deeper cooperation with the city administration, so that there is a synergic growth between city and its inhabitants.

Submitted by Luiza Mesquita (luizaafmesquita@gmail.com) on 2016-03-31T20:11:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_As práticas que sustentam o trabalho colaborativo em espaços de coworking e o papel das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação.pdf: 6316884 bytes, checksum: 7d8909af6a1c0f474479f53ceaf6ced0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2016-03-31T20:17:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_As práticas que sustentam o trabalho colaborativo em espaços de coworking e o papel das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação.pdf: 6316884 bytes, checksum: 7d8909af6a1c0f474479f53ceaf6ced0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-31T21:58:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_As práticas que sustentam o trabalho colaborativo em espaços de coworking e o papel das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação.pdf: 6316884 bytes, checksum: 7d8909af6a1c0f474479f53ceaf6ced0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo explorar o papel das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) em espaços de coworking. Para tanto, adotou-se como foco central a investigação das práticas de trabalho colaborativo, como uma das manifestações deste tipo de ambiente. Como coworking entende-se o fenômeno social que reúne profissionais independentes e aqueles com local de trabalho flexível que trabalham melhor em conjunto do que sozinhos, definição sustentada pela própria comunidade, como se demonstra neste trabalho. Espaços de coworking, de acordo com o que estabeleceram, são ambientes relacionados com construção de comunidade e sustentabilidade, nos quais os participantes concordam em defender os valores estabelecidos pelos fundadores do movimento, bem como interagir e compartilhar uns com os outros. A literatura sobre o tema, sobretudo no campo de Sistemas de Informação (SI), é ainda incipiente e expõe um tema de estudo ainda em construção. Quando o termo coworking surgiu, no fim dos anos 1990, ainda designava uma nova forma de realizar o trabalho, com o apoio das TIC dentro das organizações tradicionais. Os estudos realizados em campo acusam um amadurecimento desse conceito, que se distingue entre uma nova forma de realizar o trabalho, a partir do co-working - mais ligada à prática da colaboração em um ambiente de trabalho tradicional -, e um novo modelo de trabalho, com a emergência dos espaços de coworking. O presente trabalho busca contribuir com esse novo campo de estudo, desenvolvendo uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório com um estudo de caso realizado na Goma, que se identifica como uma associação de empreendedores. Os dados encontrados em campo - a partir dos métodos da observação, entrevista semiestruturada e análise documental - expuseram um espaço em que as práticas de trabalho colaborativo ultrapassam o âmbito empresarial. Ao ser um espaço cogerido pelos seus membros, os quais são, todos, donos da associação, eles a transformam em um ambiente dinâmico de cocriação e aprendizado. Nesse espaço, que também é um coworking, as TIC apresentam-se como recursos estruturantes que ajudam tanto na organização do grupo quanto na realização dos seus trabalhos em conjunto. / The current study aimed to explore the role of the information and communication technologies (ICT) in coworking spaces. Therefore, collaborative working practices, as one of the expressions of this type of environment was adopted as its central focus of investigation. At this point, coworking was understood as the social phenomenon that brings together independent professionals and those with flexible workplace that work better together than alone. This definition is supported by the community of coworkers, as will be shown in this work. According to them, coworking spaces are the kind of environments related to community building and sustainability, in which participants agree to defend the values espoused by the founders of the movement, as well as interact and share with each other. The literature on the subject, especially in the field of Information Systems (IS) is emerging, and exposes a subject of study that is still under construction. When the term coworking arises in the late 90s, it was designating a new way to carry out work with the support of ICT within the traditional organizations. It was then more closely linked to the practice of collaboration in a traditional work environment. Studies in the field accuse a maturing of this concept, which is distinguished from a new way of doing work from the co-working, and a new model of work, with the emergence of coworking spaces. This paper seeks to contribute to this new field of study, by developing a qualitative exploratory research through a case study in Goma, which is an association that identifies himself as an association of entrepreneurs. The findings - obtained from the observation methods, semi-structured interviews and document analysis - exposed a space where collaborative working practices goes beyond the business practices related to each individual entrepreneur. Goma is an association administrated by all your members, once they are co-owners of that space. Because of that, they transformed it into a dynamic environment of co-creation and learning. In this space, where there is also a coworking, ICTs are structural features that favor both the organization and sharing of all practices.

This research analyzes the influence of coworking space on organizational performance, with the intent of understand coworking’s role in the organizational performance of its users. Currently there are few studies about coworking in Brazil. The study has a qualitative approach and can be characterized as a case study. The case study is a unit of the global network of coworking spaces, Impact Hub. Five organizations in that coworking space were selected to participate in this research. Data was collected through documentary research and semi-structured interviews with coworkers who have managerial responsibilities. This research organized the characteristics of coworking spaces considered relevant to performance management, in the perception of coworkers, in four categories: infrastructure and layout, actions of hosts, interactions in coworking, coworking culture. Amongst the findings is the comprehension that coworking is a complex phenomenon and, therefore, it contributes to organizational performance in different ways for different coworkers. This research used a multidimensional model of organizational performance to better comprehend how coworking spaces contribute to organizational results. The model evaluate performance through social results, technical-operational results, political results and economical-financial-market results. The perception of each coworker is shaped by their organizational needs, the personalities of their managers, by the specific social context the coworking belongs to and by the management of coworking space’s hosts. The practical contribution of this study is to inform the decision making of coworking space’s hosts. This study can help inform coworking hosts’ decision making by identifying which aspects of coworking will have larger strategic implications to coworkers and by identifying which type of coworkers will be the most benefited by those decisions. / Submitted by Breno Henrique Tomiyoshi Nakao (breno.nakao@unisul.br) on 2017-12-11T10:06:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 805 bytes, checksum: c4c98de35c20c53220c07884f4def27c (MD5) Dissertacao Nakao Coworking 2017.pdf: 2350282 bytes, checksum: c10731aca70bfbf1f1d8fac2b3d0ce1c (MD5) / Rejected by Raquel Janir Antunes (raquel.antunes@unisul.br), reason: Prezado Breno, Precisamos da ficha catalográfica dentro da sua dissertação final. Atenciosamente, Raque Antunes on 2017-12-11T15:46:02Z (GMT) / Submitted by Breno Henrique Tomiyoshi Nakao (breno.nakao@unisul.br) on 2018-03-26T23:08:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao Breno Nakao Coworking 2017.pdf: 1903059 bytes, checksum: 8a00d8dbfa14e557d7329cc46c28ca1c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Janir Antunes (raquel.antunes@unisul.br) on 2018-03-27T19:16:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao Breno Nakao Coworking 2017.pdf: 1903059 bytes, checksum: 8a00d8dbfa14e557d7329cc46c28ca1c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-27T19:16:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao Breno Nakao Coworking 2017.pdf: 1903059 bytes, checksum: 8a00d8dbfa14e557d7329cc46c28ca1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Esta pesquisa analisou a teoria e a prática do trabalho em espaços de coworking com o objetivo de compreender o seu papel no desempenho das organizações usuárias. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso. O caso de estudo é uma unidade da rede global Impact Hub. Participaram da pesquisa cinco organizações integrantes do espaço. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados dados documentais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com coworkers. A pesquisa identificou que as características do coworking consideradas relevantes para o desempenho organizacional, segundo a percepção de coworkers, podem ser organizadas em quatro categorias: infraestrutura e layout do espaço de trabalho, ações de hosts, interação no coworking, cultura do coworking. Outro resultado da pesquisa foi a constatação de que o coworking é um ambiente complexo e, por isso, ele contribui para o desempenho organizacional de formas diferentes para coworkers diferentes. Foi utilizado um modelo multidimensional de desempenho organizacional que auxiliou a compreensão as contribuições do coworking para os resultados organizacionais considerando: resultados sociais, resultados técnico-operacionais, resultados políticos e resultados econômico-financeiro-mercadológicos. A percepção de cada coworker sobre as vantagens do fenômeno é influenciada por suas necessidades organizacionais, personalidade de seus gestores, por condições específicas ao contexto social ao qual o espaço pertence e pela ação dos gestores do espaço de coworking. Além das contribuições teóricas, a pesquisa contribui para a prática do coworking ao oferecer subsidio às decisões de gestores de espaços de coworking sobre quais características do coworking possuem maior valor estratégico, e sobre quais tipos de coworkers mais se beneficiam destas escolhas.

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Administración / Ángela Ceravolo [Parte I], Nathalie Ziritt [Parte II] / En la actualidad, cerca del 50% de la población laboralmente activa está representadas por los llamados Millennials o Generación Y, que son personas con edades entre 16 y 36 años, nacidos entre los años 1981 y 2000, quienes priorizan el balance vida – trabajo, horas laborales flexibles, ubicación conveniente de acuerdo a sus necesidades, y además son los principales impulsores y adoptadores de la llamada economía colaborativa, en la que compartir está por encima del poseer. Existe un cambio en como se ve y se concibe el trabajo por esta generación, hay mayor inclinación por trabajar a distancia y desde cualquier lugar, sobresaliendo la autonomía, la motivación a emprender un negocio o a trabajar de forma independiente. Debido a estos cambios, ha surgido la necesidad de contar con espacios físicos para desarrollar sus actividades, surgiendo como solución los espacios de Coworking con solo 6% de desarrollo en Latinoamérica frente a los 7,800 espacios existentes en todo el mundo. En Panamá solamente existen siete espacios de Coworking, identificando una oportunidad de negocio el desarrollo de este tipo de espacios, con un porcentaje de aceptación del 90% de los potenciales usuarios dentro del segmento de trabajadores independientes y emprendedores en edad temprana entrevistados. CoSpace es la solución propuesta en este plan de negocios, con un mercado potencial de 35 millones de dólares, conformado principalmente por Freelancers y Emprendedores, con posibilidades de generar ingresos mayores a 500 mil dólares en cinco años. La propuesta de valor de CoSpace incorpora para sus miembros áreas para compartir ideas, trabajo colaborativo, generación de proyectos de interés común, y orientación en el impulso de sus negocios; llevar a cabo eventos y actividades que promuevan el desarrollo de redes de contacto y crecimiento profesional es el valor principal aportado para los miembros. La diferenciación frente a los competidores se basa principalmente en la gestión de la experiencia del cliente, la cultura de servicio y el acompañamiento a cada uno de sus miembros a través del coaching individual y de equipos, lo que permitirá la materialización de sus proyectos, el desarrollo del networking y los beneficios extras que aporta el hecho de pertenecer a CoSpace. CoSpace basará su operación en alianzas estratégicas con empresas que brindan servicios y beneficios corporativos a los miembros del coworking, siendo esta una de las razones que permitirá el buen desarrollo y crecimiento del negocio. El objetivo de establecer estas relaciones ganar – ganar es el beneficio de cada uno de sus miembros y de la empresa. La inversión inicial es de $106,140.00, incluyendo los gastos de puesta en marcha, capital de trabajo y la inversión en activos fijos e intangibles, lo que permitirá generar los ingresos necesarios para el funcionamiento continuo y la apertura de la segunda sucursal en el año tres. De acuerdo al análisis financiero de CoSpace, se evidencia que es un proyecto de VAN positivo que supera los $85,000.00 con una tasa de descuento del 14.09% y máxima tasa interna de retorno exigida del 29.00%. Los márgenes brutos resultantes son positivos desde el primer ejercicio financiero al primer año en funcionamiento. / Los tiempos han cambiado. La clásica idea de que una persona desarrollaba toda su carrera profesional en una sola empresa, desempeñando una sola posición, ha dejado de tener vigencia. Es común que se desarrollen diferentes actividades a lo largo de la vida laboral, trabajando a través de proyectos contratados solo en los momentos en los que se necesite; inclusive empresas solicitan algunos servicios bajo esta modalidad de trabajo, lo que impulsa la existencia de los Freelance, cuyo crecimiento en Ciudad de Panamá ha alcanzado según estadísticas del INEC un 35% entre 2011 y 2014, en el caso de Estados Unidos según la encuesta “Freelancing in America”, el 34% de la fuerza laboral activa está bajo esta modalidad. Herramientas como el internet y la conectividad han permitido lograr que no existan límites en cuanto al lugar de trabajo; los nuevos emprendimientos, con una propagación de 102% entre 2009 y 2014, no requieren de espacios de trabajos ni amplios ni propios, por lo que se vuelve atractiva la búsqueda de instalaciones de coworking, que además de satisfacer una necesidad base, es capaz de agregar y contribuir con el desarrollo profesional de sus miembros. Durante el 2011-2015 el promedio de crecimiento de usuarios de estos espacios, es decir los “Coworkers” ha alcanzado 1200% de crecimiento en 4 años. En Panamá se identificó como oportunidad de negocio, el desarrollo de espacios de Coworking que se denominará CoSpace con un porcentaje de aceptación del 90% de los potenciales usuarios dentro del segmento de trabajadores independientes y emprendedores en edad temprana entrevistados, incorporando el aporte de valor a sus miembros a través de áreas para compartir ideas, trabajo colaborativo, generación de proyectos de interés común, y orientación en el desarrollo de sus negocios; el desarrollo de eventos y actividades que promuevan el desarrollo de redes de contacto y crecimiento profesional, aportan el mayor valor para los miembros. Aunado a esto, el crecimiento económico del país, la migración de extranjeros y el crecimiento e impulso de nuevos emprendimientos y trabajos como independientes son razones que impulsan esta idea. CoSpace tiene un mercado potencial de $35 millones de dólares, integrado principalmente por Freelancers y Emprendedores, con posibilidades de captar una porción de mercado de $500 mil en cinco años. CoSpace contará con alianzas estratégicas con empresas que brindan servicios y beneficios corporativos como corredores de seguros, Servicios Financieros, telecomunicaciones, entre otros que permitirán el buen desarrollo y crecimiento del negocio, con el único objetivo de establecer relaciones ganar – ganar en pro del beneficio de cada uno de sus miembros y de la empresa. La propuesta de valor de CoSpace se basa principalmente en su diferenciación por la cultura de servicio y la gestión de la experiencia del cliente que viene de la mano al acompañamiento ofrecido a cada uno de sus miembros por medio de un coach para la concretización de sus proyectos, la expansión de la red de contactos, y los beneficios que pueda obtener por el hecho de formar parte de la comunidad de coworkers. CoSpace es un negocio que requiere para el arranque de una inversión de $106,140.00 dólares, incluyendo capital de trabajo, gastos de puesta en marcha y la inversión en los activos, lo que garantizará la generación de los ingresos necesarios para mantenerse en funcionamiento. Es importante mencionar que luego de realizar el análisis financiero de CoSpace, se puede decir que se trata de un proyecto con un VAN positivo de un poco más de $85 mil con una tasa de descuento del 14.09% y una TIR de 29%. Con márgenes brutos positivos desde el primer año de operaciones, y un plan de apertura de una segunda sucursal a partir del tercer año con reinversión de los fondos.

Coworking Spaces represent a global fast-growing trend which was able to gain momentum in research and academia, yet until now the fundamental role of IT within the coworking space ecosystem proves to be a rather unexplored topic for researchers and academia. Therefore, this research is about the role of space and information technologies (such as software, hardware, and more IT-related services) within CWSs; hence about the relation and interplay among those technologies, the involved actors and the physical environment in which the act of coworking takes place.

This master thesis investigates how independent coworkers, such as entrepreneurs and freelancers, develop their entrepreneurial competencies through social and professional interactions in a coworking space. Since its early beginnings in 2005, coworking spaces have grown to a global phenomenon. Hence, a continually increasing number of individuals work from these spaces. The reason for this is, that coworking spaces help people to feel more socially integrated and to get social and professional support. In the empirical part, this thesis focuses on coworking spaces of mid-sized cities in Sweden. By conducting a qualitative research, we identify professional developments that can be clustered in different entrepreneurial competencies. As stated in the findings, these competencies particularly develop through a combination of the following three theories: (1) experiencing a social community, (2) receiving professional knowledge, and (3) exchanging professional knowledge. In more detail, five types of entrepreneurial competencies have been found: (A) openness, (B) being socially inclined, (C) entrepreneurial thinking, (D) planning, and (E) self-selling. Professionals from 5 different coworking spaces participated in the empirical study. The findings are a result of a research method based on social constructionism with 13 qualitative, semi-structured interviews. In addition to presenting empirical findings and a conclusion, the thesis has a thorough discussion by highlighting theoretical and managerial implications, and the influence of coworking spaces for society and its potential future developments. Moreover, limitations of this study and areas for future research are outlined at the end.

Examensarbetet syftar på att undersöka om verksamheter som driver ett coworking space utgår från ett tjänstelogiskt perspektiv. Under 2018 ökade antal coworking verksamheterna med 15,2% från året tidigare (Coworking Resources, 2019). Enligt Jackson (2012) har megatrender som digitalisering, delningsekonomi och kollektivism ökat populariteten av uppstart av coworking spaces globalt. Med en föreställning att affärsmodellen coworking space påminner om ett tjänstelogiskt förhållningsätt till att utföra affärer fanns ett intresse att undersöka det populära konceptet coworking space, ur ett tjänstelogiskt perspektiv. Under processen för att identifiera deltagare till studien, samt undersökningsobjekt, initierades åtgärder från myndigheter för att minska smittspridningen Covid-19. Vilket påverkade tillgången till undersökningsområden och deltagare för datainsamling. Därför valdes istället semistrukturerade intervjuer utifrån ett bekvämlighetsurval.  Studien har identifierat att i verksamheter initialt utgår från ett tjänstelogiskt perspektiv vid uppstart och framtagning av nya tjänsteerbjudanden. Exempelvis används metoder som Design Thinking vid utvecklingsprocesser. Dock framkommer det att de inte fullföljer det tjänstelogiska tillvägagångsättet vid fortsatt utveckling och drift av sina verksamheter.  Examensarbetet avser inte att påstå att coworking verksamheter bör arbeta utifrån ett tjänstelogiskt perspektiv, utan ställer snarare frågan om de gör det. Följaktligen syftar examensarbetes resultatavsnitt på att verksamheter som driver coworking inte arbetar utifrån ett tjänstelogiskt perspektiv, däremot kan det upplevas som sådant i många fall. Oftast är deras erbjudande värdeskapande, men är däremot inte samskapande tillsammans med kunderna.  Från analysen identifierades brister i Kristensson et al. (2014) tjänsteinnovationsprocess modell, som inte tar höjd för nystartade verksamheter, utan fokuserar på existerade företag som önskar göra förändringar av deras affärsmodell. I analysen identifierades även att tjänsteinnovationsprocess syn på initiala behov, där verksamheten först ska lägga mål med tjänsteinnovationen innan de ens har identifierat grundbehov. Det framkommer i analysen från datainsamling att processen är teoretisk konstruerad, men är svår att applicera i praktiken. Med anledning av det har arbetet resulterat i ett innovationsbidrag i form av en ny tjänsteinnovationsprocess, som inspireras av tjänsteinnovationsprocessen från Kristensson et al. (2014) och Kolbs lärcykel (Kolb, 2007). Med anledning att processen istället är kontinuerlig och bättre anpassad till nystartade verksamheter. / The aim of the study is to examine whether activities pursuing a coworking space are based on a service logic perspective. In 2018, the number of coworking activities increased by 15,2% from previous years (Coworking Resources, 2019). According to Jackson (2012), megatrends such as digitization, the sub-economy and collectivism have increased the popularity of the start of coworking spaces globally. With a notion that the coworking space business model is reminiscent of a service logic approach to performing business, there was an interest to examine the popular concept of coworking space, from a service logic perspective. During the process of identifying participants in the study, and investigating objects, measures were initiated by the authorities to reduce the transmission of Covid-19. This would affect access to survey areas and participants for data collection. As a result, semi-structured interviews were selected based on a convenience selection. The study has identified that in activities the initial approach is based on a service logic approach to the creation of new service offers. For example, methods like Design Thinking are used for development processes. However, they do not fulfil the service logic approach to the continued development and operation of their activities. The study is not intended to suggest that coworking practices should operate on the basis of a service logic perspective, but rather the question of whether they are doing so. As a result, the results section of the thesis is that activities that operate coworking do not work on the basis of a service logic perspective, but it can be perceived as such in many cases. Most of the time, their offer is of value creation, but it is not co-creation with the customers. The analysis identified weaknesses in Kristensson et al. (2014) 'service innovation process', which does not take the height of newly created activities, but focuses on the existence of companies that wish to make changes to their business model. The analysis also identified that service innovation process views initial needs, where the activities first have to set objectives with the services innovation before they have even identified basic needs. It is emerging in the data collection analysis that the process is theoretically designed, but is difficult to apply in practice. In view of this, the work has resulted in an innovation contribution in the form of a new service innovation process, which is inspired by the Service Innovation Process from the Kristensson et al. (2014) and Kolb's learning cycle (Kolb, 2007). As a result, the process is continuous and better tailored to new business.

Coworking is a shared office environment for independent workers, they offer extra service in contrast to what ordinary office-hotels normally do. The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe what the essence of the phenomenon of coworking is, i.e. what characteristics make coworking perceived as coworking. This has been conducted through a phenomenological method called the EPP-method. Which makes it possible to find the essence of a phenomenon. This was done through analysis of transcribed interviews. The participants were asked to tell about their experiences of being members of a coworking place and about the interaction with other members. This provided an opportunity to answer questions about what and how individuals perceive about coworking and what meaning they attribute to their experiences. The result of the study was several essences of coworking: Coworkers, Coworking Manager, Professional Diversity, Small Business, Social Rooms and Flexible Workspace. The essences are meaning content that has been found in all seven transcriptions in the study material, ie. that the participants agreed that these points are crucial for one to perceive coworking. / Coworking är delade kontorsmiljöer för fristående arbetare, de erbjuder extra service utöver vad vanliga kontorshotell, där man bara hyr ett arbetsrum, gör. Studiens syfte var att undersöka och beskriva vad essensen av fenomenet coworking är, alltså vilka kännetecken som gör att coworking uppfattas som just coworking. Detta har undersökts med en fenomenologisk metod som heter EPP-metoden, vilken gör det möjligt att hitta just essensen av ett fenomen. Detta skedde genom analys av transkriberade intervjuer där deltagarna ombads berätta om sina upplevelser av att vara medlemmar på ett coworking-ställe och om interaktionen med andra medlemmar. Detta gav möjlighet att besvara frågor om vad och hur individerna uppfattar coworking samt vilken mening de tillskriver sina upplevelser. Resultatet blev sex essenser av coworking: Coworkers, Coworkingmanager, Yrkesmångfald, Småföretag, Sociala rum och Flexibel arbetsyta. Essenserna är meningsinnehåll som funnits i alla transkriptioner i studiens material, det vill säga att deltagarna varit överens om att dessa punkter är avgörande för att man ska uppfatta coworking. Essensen Coworkers visar på behovet av en kollegial samvaro inom kontexten coworking. Essensen Sociala rum handlar istället om den fysiska avgränsningen mellan områden som innefattar arbete och områden för sociala interaktioner. Coworkingmanager är en essens därför att den rollen påverkar huruvida deltagarna upplever coworking positivt eller negativt. Småföretag visade oss vikten av att det finns flera mindre företag på coworking-ställen och att detta leder till Yrkesmångfald som också är en essens av coworking. Avslutningsvis var Flexibel arbetsyta en framträdande essens därför att det är avgörande att medlemmarnas olika förväntningar på en fysisk arbetsmiljö tillmötesgås. / <p>2022-06-08</p>

The sharing economy, or collaborative consumption, refers to peer-to-peer sharing of goods and services coordinated through a commercialized or community-based online platform. Collaborative consumption platforms are used for sharing of our under-used assets, e.g. our homes, tools, and vehicles, and can bring social communities together. Through sharing we use our resources more effectively, and contribute towards a more sustainable lifestyle. Hoffice was started in 2013 in Stockholm and promotes the concept of working for free in the homes of others, and is getting a lot of attention around the world. This nonprofit network helps people arrange home offices, where hosts share their residence with people who, through Facebook, can reserve a seat for the day. The purpose of these work events is to create free workspaces, with the possibilities for social, structured and disciplined environments, while allowing individuals to benefit from the support and intelligence of others. This research aims to study the hosts in the Hoffice network, to find ways to explain the key driving values, as well as barriers, and apply it to a tailored platform in order to motivate more people to host work events. The central research question is furthermore How could well adapted social platforms increase motivation for people to engage in the collaborative consumption as exemplified by Hoffice? Six semi-structured interviews with past host from year 2014-2015 were conducted to gain qualitative answers about how an online platform can be developed in order to motivate Hoffice members to become hosts. The questions were divided into three different sections; Background, About Hoffice, and Online platform. Observations were performed with a purpose of understanding the structure of a Hoffice event, and to gain a better understanding of the users needs and behaviors. After a first version of a prototype was developed, evaluations and user tests were completed with the interviewees and the founder of Hoffice. Results show that communication, offline and online, is important when people engage in collaborative consumptions, and Facebook has a great impact on people when communicating and spreading information. Although Facebook has some weaknesses when it comes to planning and inviting people to events due to their restrictions and functionalities. Also, when using Facebook for a sharing service, the users are forced to have a Facebook account to partake. All services that involve sharing should consider and support geographical location features. Moreover, to show appreciation is important. People find motivation from feeling liked and appreciated, and want to feel that their contribution is making a positive impact on other people's lives. Finally, it is important to have clear rules and guidelines for monitoring member’s behavior, otherwise uncertainties and dissatisfaction will occur. / Delande ekonomin, eller gemensam konsumtion, hänvisar till peer-to-peer-delning av varor och tjänster som samordnas genom en kommersialiserad eller samhällsbaserad online-plattform. Plattformar för gemensam konsumtion används för delning av våra underutnyttjade tillgångar, t.ex. våra hem, verktyg och fordon, och kan skapa sociala gemenskaper. Genom att dela använder vi våra resurser mer effektivt och bidrar till en mer hållbar livsstil. Hoffice startades 2013 i Stockholm och främjar gratis arbetsplatser i hemmen, och har fått stor uppmärksamhet runt om i världen. Detta ideella nätverk hjälper människor anordna hemmakontor, där värdar delar deras bostad med människor, som genom Facebook kan reservera en plats för dagen. Syftet är att skapa gratis arbetsytor, med möjligheter för sociala, strukturella och disciplinerade miljöer, samtidigt som individer drar nytta av stöd och intelligens från andra. Denna forsknings syfte är att studera värdarna i Hoffice nätverket, för att hitta sätt att förklara de viktigaste drivkrafterna, liksom hinder, och tillämpa det på en skräddarsydd plattform för att motivera fler människor att vara värd. Den centrala frågeställningen är dessutom, Hur kan välanpassade sociala plattformar öka motivationen för människor att engagera sig i kollaborativ konsumtion som exemplifieras av Hoffice? Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med tidigare värdar från år 2014-2015 genomfördes för att få kvalitativa svar om hur en plattform online kan utvecklas för att motivera Hoffice medlemmar att bli värdar. Frågorna delades in i tre olika sektioner; Bakgrund, Om Hoffice, och Online-plattform. Observationer utfördes med ett syfte att förstå strukturen hos en Hoffice-arbetsdag, och för att få en bättre förståelse av användarnas behov och beteenden. Efter att en första version av en prototyp tagits fram utfördes utvärderingar och användartester. Resultaten visar att kommunikation, både offline och online, är viktigt när människor engagerar sig i kollaborativ konsumtion, och Facebook har en stor inverkan på människor vid kommunikation och spridning av information. Facebook har dock vissa brister när det gäller att planera och bjuda in folk till evenemang på grund av sina begränsningar och funktioner. När man använder Facebook för en delningstjänst tvingas användarna även ha ett Facebook-konto för att delta. Alla tjänster som innebär att dela bör överväga och stödja geografiska platsfunktioner. Dessutom, att visa uppskattning är viktig. Folk motiveras av känslan från uppskattning, och vill känna att deras bidrag gör en positiv inverkan på andra människors liv eller situation. Slutligen är det viktigt att ha tydliga regler och riktlinjer för övervakning av medlemmars beteenden, annars kommer osäkerhet och missnöje att inträffa.