This thesis is concerned with the cultural shifts that have occurred in Lihir, Papua New Guinea, as Lihirians were drawn into greater engagement with the capitalist system, initially through the colonial labour trade and more recently through large-scale resource extraction. This research draws upon 15 months of fieldwork in the Lihir Islands from 2003 to 2004. This thesis is intended as a critical dialogue with world system theorists.World systems arguments are constructive for understanding how Lihirians have remained economically marginal.However, I reject the assertion commonly propounded in these approaches that the world capitalist system inevitably destroys ‘traditional’ cultures and remakes them to its own specifications. Working from Sahlins’ (1985, 1992) premise that there is always continuity in change, I have sought to illustrate those enduring structures and received cultural values that have shaped Lihirian engagement with the capitalist system. My concern iswith articulation rather than penetration; to capture the dialectic of global structural inequalities and Lihirian selective appropriation. This approach allows me to emphasise the heterogeneity of Lihirian culture, notonly prior to sustained European contact, or even mining activities, but specifically at the height of their engagement with the capitalist system. (For complete abstract open document)

Text in English / The southern Appalachian mountain region is home to a sincere group of religious fundamentalists. They obey Jesus' last command that serpents should be taken up (Mark 16:17-18). They believe the Holy Ghost anoints them and gives them the power to handle serpents, drink poisons, handle fire, and to heal the sick. Nevertheless, they are fully aware that they may be bitten and may even die. Each church is autonomous. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Religious Studies)

Text in Afrikaans / Vanuit sekere kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes, word literatuurstudie van Kwa Sizabantoe Sending gedoen (KSB). Die rede is om 'n gefundeerde antwoord te vind vir die verskille in opinies oor KSB. In Hoofstuk 1 word die probleem geskets en na die verslag van die Evangeiiese Atiiansie gekyk. Dan volg iniigting oor die navorser sowel as die werkswyses wat gevolg word. Hoofstuk 3 gee 'n samevatting van die geskiedenis van KSB en die Stegen-famiiie. Hoofstuk 4 behandel die unieke literatuurbronne waaroor die navorser beskik. Die Evangeiiese Alliansie beweer dat daar 'n misbruik van bonatuurlike geestelike ervarings op KSB is, Die gevolg is elitistiese en paternalistiese optredes. Dit gee aanleiding tot interne spanninge en probleme. Hierdie bewering word in bespreek in Hoofstukke 5 - 7 . Hoofstuk 8 gee opsomming en bespreking van die bevindinge. In Hoofstuk 9 word gepoog om 'n basisteorie te formuleer en om 'n oplossing voor te stel. / Using certain qualitative methods, a literature study is done on Kwa Siza Bantu Mission (KSB). The reason is to come to a conclusive answer to the difference in opinions with regards to KSB. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the problem as well as the result of the inquiry of the Evangelical Alliance into KSB. Information on the researcher as well as his research methods follow. Chapter 3 is a summery of the history of KSB and the Stegen family. In Chapter 4 a review is made of the unique literature. From Chapter 5 - 7 a statement of the Evangelical Alliance is discussed. The statement implies that the misuse of supernatural experiences, iead to paternalistic or elitistic methods resulting in tensions and divisions. Chapter 8 discusses the findings and Chapter 9 tries to formulate a base-theory and suggests some solutions to the problems of KSB, / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)

O ensino de temas ligados a cultura africana, por vezes, acaba restringido ao período onde inúmeras pessoas foram escravizadas e trazidas ao Brasil, no entanto, a história da África não começa e nem termina com a escravidão. O continente africano dispõe de uma pluralidade cultural abrangente e aqui propomos a discussão sobre a inclusão das religiões de matriz africana no ensino, com base na Lei nº 10.639, a qual determina o ensino da história e cultura africana nos currículos escolares. Em específico, abordamos as correntes de Batuque, Umbanda e Linha Cruzada, as quais destacam-se no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Essa pesquisa acadêmica, aliada à pesquisa historiográfica, buscou, também, conhecer in loco a cultura pesquisada, permitindo assim, a análise dessas correntes religiosas e, também, a busca pela diminuição da intolerância religiosa e, de certa forma, da intolerância racial, já que, muitas vezes, ambas são associadas e, assim, ainda mais segregadas. Procuramos diminuir o abismo entre a produção acadêmica e o conhecimento escolar e, para isso, produzimos um compilado de informações, onde o conhecimento acadêmico foi didatizado, em forma de um manual paradidático. Esta publicação é destinada a alunos e professores do ensino fundamental e médio, como uma ferramenta de pesquisa, a qual idealizamos ser contribuidora na formação de estudantes conhecedores das raízes formadoras da cultura brasileira, tornando-os agentes de uma geração que promova atos contra as mais diversas formas de intolerância. / The teaching of themes related to African culture, sometimes, ends up restricted to the period when numerous people were enslaved and brought to Brazil, however, the history of Africa does not begin and end with slavery. The African continent has a broad cultural plurality and here we propose the discussion on the inclusion of the religions of African matrix in the education, based on the Law nº 10.639, which determines the teaching of African history and culture in the school curricula. Specifically, we approach the currents of Batuque, Umbanda and Linha Cruzada, which stand out in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This academic research, allied to the historiographic research, also sought to know the culture in loco, thus allowing the analysis of these religious currents, and also the search for a decrease in religious intolerance and, to a certain extent, racial intolerance, since both are often associated and thus even more segregated. We try to reduce the chasm between academic production and scholastic knowledge and, for this, we produce a compilation of information, where academic knowledge was taught, in the form of a paradidático manual. This publication is intended for students and teachers of elementary and secondary education, as a research tool, which we idealize to be a contributor in the training of students who are knowledgeable about the roots that form the Brazilian culture, making them agents of a generation that promotes acts against the most various forms of intolerance.

Les sources textuelles sumériennes et akkadiennes sont à la base de ce travail. Il offre une enquête sur le thème de la mort, à partir d’une analyse lexicale du champ sémantique de la mort, ainsi que des différents termes, expressions et euphémismes utilisés pour désigner le fait de mourir. La totalité des genres littéraires attestés sont donc pris en compte, notamment les textes divinatoires, les inscriptions royales, les textes de lois… L’objectif est tout d’abord de constituer un corpus le plus exhaustif possible, qui jusqu’ici n’était pas disponible, en étudiant de façon systématique les données. Mais l’ambition est également d’analyser toute la terminologie et de réaliser une synthèse sur ce thème. Cette recherche porte donc sur la mort dans sa réalité concrète, notamment les différentes sortes de trépas, et les gestes afférents, comme les étapes du processus funéraire ou des cultes de commémoration. L’intérêt est également porté sur les différents sentiments ressentis face à la mort, aux valeurs et significations qui lui sont accordées, et aux utilisations de la mort par les vivants, notamment au travers d’une exploitation politique et sociale. / Sumerian and Akkadian texts provide the primary material for this study, which is a lexical analysis of the semantic field of death, and of terms, expressions and euphemisms used to refer to dying. All literary genres are examined, especially divinatory texts. The purpose is not only to bring together a corpus, which until now has not been available, by going through the texts systematically, but also to analyze all the terminology and to summarize the subject. This research concerns concrete aspects of death, especially the different ways in which Mesopotamians died and the acts that followed death, such as funerary practices and rites, and commemorative ceremony. We are also interested in different feelings, values, and uses attributed to death by the living, especially political or social.

This essay is more or less a very boring analog game in paper, which is trying to find the similitude between ART and CONSCIOUSNESS, as well as the boundaries of legality of taking over or stealing someone else's work. The dynamic of this game of mine starts by choosing a lecture of any research and change some keywords to create a new research. The format of this essay suggests an interaction and will need an interaction of the reader with the essay itself in order to add more concepts and could make it more personal and transform the main subject of this essay. It does not necessarily have to be an art topic, so it is very open to any personal interest. There are no rules of this game, you can change the subject, the actors, the author or try to change it back to the original lecture. Everything is possible; at the end the reader could acquire by signing this essay or theory. / [I examensarbetet ingår utställningen "YSO":] YSO explore metaphysical information in order to expand the idea of Art and consciousness, which experience and perception are both essential as a part of the information processing. Condensing this information to be able to exchange it on different states the Meta, Virtual and physical state. The formal aesthetic display of YSO is an interpretation of the different inputs objects or data that will or could construct an assumption with deliberate inputs through the senses to be able to interpret the correlation between Art and Consciousness. Material: Freezer, pick-up car, silicon form, water, wood, plastic sheet, tv, ice machine, media player and paint. Teknik: Installation/video/variable. Längd på video: 01:54:00. / <p>The video, essay and installation is a unit and represent different states of consciousness and non-physical matter's reality (nonphysical-matter Reality) and all of these contribute to the information.</p><p>Examensarbetet består av en skriftlig del och en gestaltande del. Alternativ titel anger namnet förden gestaltande delen. </p><p>The master work includes a written essay and a forming part. The alternative title is the name of the forming part.</p>

Le régime belge des cultes est un régime hybride, qui établit l'indépendance des cultes tout en maintenant un financement public. La législation relative à la gestion du temporel des cultes, héritée du régime concordataire napoléonien, devra s'adapter au nouveau régime constitutionnel né de l'affirmation de la séparation de l'Eglise et de l'Etat. Dans un premier temps, elle sera modifiée dans un sens favorable à l'Eglise catholique, avant de se trouver au coeur de la discorde entre catholiques et libéraux. Elle ne sera cependant jamais revue en profondeur, la Belgique ne connaissant jamais de loi de séparation comparable à la loi de 1905 en France.<p>Aujourd'hui encore, l'organisation du financement public des cultes repose sur les bases établies au XIXème siècle. / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Le droit à la liberté de pensée, de conscience et de religion expressément reconnu à l’enfant par l’article 14 de la Convention internationale de New York adoptée en 1989 soulève de nombreuses questions. En raison de l’état de dépendance de l’enfant et de sa vulnérabilité, l’exercice de cette liberté apparaît particulièrement fragilisée. Les droits de l’enfant sont en effet menacés de toute part, tant par l’autorité publique, que par sa famille, ou par des tiers, voire par l’enfant lui-même. Les parents tout en étant les premiers protecteurs et les premiers « guides spirituels » de l’enfant pourront parallèlement représenter les premiers obstacles à l’exercice de sa liberté religieuse pleine et entière suscitant un conflit entre droits parentaux et droits de l’enfant. L’État s’érige d’ailleurs en protecteur lorsque ses parents lui font courir un risque au nom même de leurs convictions religieuses. Le juge pourra aussi connaître de conflits familiaux provoqués par un désaccord religieux. Garant de l’ordre public, l’État sera parfois amené à limiter la liberté religieuse de l’enfant et de ses parents en mettant en avant la primauté d’un intérêt social tel la sauvegarde du principe de laïcité. Il apparaît donc nécessaire de considérer la question de la liberté religieuse de l’enfant à la fois dans la sphère familiale et plus largement dans la société en nous interrogeant notamment quant à l’effectivité réelle du droit de liberté religieuse de l’enfant. Comme pour tout sujet touchant aux droits de l’enfant, la recherche de l’équilibre entre liberté et protection s’inscrit sur un chemin difficile dont témoigne l’étude du droit de l’enfant à la liberté religieuse. / The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion expressly granted to the child under article 14 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted in 1989 raises many questions. Regarding his particular dependence and vulnerability, the exercise of this liberty by the child appears particularly weaken. Children’s rights are indeed threatened from all quarters, so much by public authority as by their family or by third parties, if not by the child himself. Parents, while being his first protectors and first “spiritual guides”, can also represent the first obstacle to the full exercise of the child’s freedom of religion, therefore raising a conflict between parental and children’s rights. It is to be noticed that the State establishes itselfs as the protector of the child whenever parents endanger him even in the name of religious beliefs. The judge might also intervene within family conflicts resulting from religious disagreements. Ensuring public order as well, the State will in some cases subject child’s and parents’ freedom of religion to limitations deemed necessary in regard to the primacy of a particular social interest such as the protection of secularism. It seems therefore essential to consider the question of the child’s religious freedom within the family sphere as well as, to a larger extent, within society, while questioning the effectivity of the right of the child to religious freedom. As for any subject relating to children’s rights, the search for balance between freedom and protection is engaged on a difficult path as evidenced by this study on the right of the child to religious freedom.

In this dissertation, I investigate the impact of the extended religious and political elements in the ancient Near East of the Late Bronze period that influenced the reigns of Hattušili III, his consort, Queen Puduhepa, circa 1267 to 1237 BCE and their son Tudhaliya IV circa 1237 to 1228 BCE. As rulers of the Hittites, they were not the greatest and most influential royals, like the great Suppiluliuma I circa 1322 to 1344 BCE, but their ability to adopt an eclectic approach similar to that of their great predecessors regarding religion, politics, international diplomacy and signing treaties made this royal triad a force to be reckoned with in the ancient Near East. Therefore, central to this investigation will be the impact of Hattušili III’s usurpation of the throne and Puduhepa’s role in the Hurrianisation of the state cult and pantheon. Also included is a brief investigation into the continuation of the reorganisation and restructuring of the Hittite state cult and local cult inventories by Tudhaliya IV and his mother Puduhepa after the death of Hattušilli III. By researching this royal triad, their deities, their Hurro-Hittite culture and the textual evidence of their rule, it becomes possible to assemble some of the elements that impacted on their rule. I have used available transliterated translated texts and pictures to support and illustrate the investigation of this complex final period in the history of the Hittite Empire. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / MA (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)