In diesem Sammelband geht es um ein Potpourri kulturwissenschaftlicher, oder im traditionellen Sprachgebrauch: volkskundlicher Aufsätze, die sich mit dem Thema Reisen beschäftigen. Auf den ersten Blick ohne einen konsistenten Zusammenhang oder eine strukturgebende Klammer, ergibt sich im zweiten Blick ein Aufriss der Mühen der Kulturwissenschaft, mit dem Themenbereich Reisen - Tourismus - Reisewahrnehmungen umzugehen. Von hierher wirken einige Aufsätze amüsant, einige sind interessant, da sie kohärentere Einsichten bieten.

Re-evaluating classic work in the sociology of the visual arts, this Ph.D. thesis explores the tacit and practical bases of artistic mediation with reference to curatorial exhibition making in contemporary art. Data presented here derive from a visual microethnographic study of the exhibition-making process in two elite European centres for contemporary art (London’s Institute of Contemporary Art and ARC/Musée D’Art Moderne de la ville de Paris), combined with an additional thirty-five interviews with other curatorial professionals. By focusing on the visual dimensions of curatorial work, this thesis uses a case study in the sociology of art to think more broadly about aesthetic materials as active mediators of action, or actants in the sense of actor-network theory. Drawing on work in the sociology of education, communication studies, and the sociologies of science and technology, this research explores how the material, embodied, and situated interactions between curators, objects, and environments are constructed and understood in reflexive relation to more explicitly cognitive and verbal representations, interpretations, and accounts. In planning and installing an exhibition of contemporary art, curators frame artworks and build meaning based on the material and conceptual resources at hand. The plans made by curators when preparing an exhibition and composing textual documentation are altered and elaborated during the installation of contemporary art in the physical presence of the artworks and gallery space. The disjuncture between curatorial plans and these situated actions has consequences for the public presentation and comprehension of the final exhibition. In documenting these processes as they take shape in real time and in relation to material objects, the body, and the built environment, this work aims to contribute to the on-going developments and debates that centre on the creation of a ‘strong’ cultural sociology and to extend core sociological thinking on the social structures and bases of action.

<p> Over the past few decades US businesses have increasingly turned toward flexible employment relationships made up of temporary workers who do not receive the benefits and rights of standard full-time employment. Temporary labor agencies, which operate by leasing workers out to client businesses, form one component of this shift toward flexible labor and previous researchers have called for more study on this group of formalized employment. My research thesis explores the employment relationships between temporary labor agencies and temporary laborers in order to understand the ways in which this type of labor arrangement affects workers' lives. I performed my research in Flagstaff, Arizona and my study population is primarily comprised of temporary laborers. I conducted participant observation, questionnaires, interviews, time budgets, and archival research to perform my research. I interpret my data through a combination of political economy, performance theory, and anthropology of the body approaches. My findings reveal how people end up working temporary labor, the daily challenges they face, their strategies to increase their job security, and the effects temporary labor has on their lives and bodies. </p>

La presente tesis doctoral aborda el primer periodo de la filmografía de Jim Jarmusch. La tesis principal es que su cine supone una respuesta cinematográfica al estado de las cosas durante el denominado "Periodo Reagan" y una relectura de la tradición fílmica anterior. / The present Ph.D. tackles the first period in Jim Jarmusch´s Filmography. The main Thesis is that his Cinema is a reaction to the Status Quo during the so-called "Reagan in-office Period" and a relecture of the previous Filmic Tradiction

This dissertation project seeks to address the sociological processes, dynamics, and mechanisms inflecting how and why U.S. society reproduces a sexually dimorphic, binary gender structure. The project builds upon the work of sociologists of gender on the doing gender framework, intersectional feminist approaches to identity formation, and hegemonic masculinity and relational theories of gender. In a 2012 article in Social Science and Medicine presenting contemporary concepts in gender theory to the health-oriented readers of the journal, R. W. Connell argues that much public policy on gender and health relies on categorical understandings of gender that are now inadequate. Connell contends that poststructuralist theories highlighting the performativity of gender improve on the assumption of a categorical binary typical in public policy, but they ignore the insights of sociological theories emphasizing gender as a structure comprising emotional and material constraints of the complex inter-relations among social institutions in which performances of gender are embedded. According to Connell, it is the task of social scientists to uncover “the processes by which social worlds are brought into being through time – the ontoformativity, not just the performativity, of gender.” This project explores the ontoformativity of gender in consideration of Patricia Hill Collins’ concept of the four domains of power. According to Collins, matrices of domination are intersecting and interlocking axes of oppression including but not limited to race/ethnicity, class, gender, sexuality, nation, age, ability, place, and religion that reproduce social inequalities through their interoperation in the cultural, interpersonal, structural, and disciplinary domains of power. West and Zimmerman contrast gender as an axis in the matrix of oppression with site-specific roles, arguing that gender is a master status that is omnirelevant to all situations such that a person is assessed in terms of their competences in performing activities as a man or a woman. The doing gender approach has been accused of theorizing gender as an immutably monolithic social inequality. This project seeks to explicate the dynamics of gender ideology by probing its weaknesses in the interpersonal and cultural domains of power. As Collins and coauthor Sirma Bilge posit, for people oppressed along axes of gender, race/ethnicity, class, age, place, ability, and other binaries that constrain their actions in the structural and disciplinary domains of power, “the music, dance, poetry, and art of the cultural domain of power and personal politics of the interpersonal domain grow in significance.” Each of the three components of the dissertation project addresses a facet of mechanisms and processes of the interpersonal and cultural domains of power in (re)producing the binary gender structure in U.S. society. Paper #1, titled, “Integrating Black Feminist Thought into Canonical Social Change Theory,” explicates how people in marginalized social locations mount definitional challenges to their received classifications in the cultural domain of power by rejecting the consciousness of the oppressor and wielding rearticulated collective identity-based standpoints as contextually attuned technologies of power to recast historical narratives. Paper #2, with teenaged co-researcher Emma Draper, titled “Ordering Gender: Interactional Accountability and the Social Accomplishment of Gender Among Adolescents in the U.S. South,” maps how youth theorize interactional accountability processes to binary gender expectations in the interlocking social institutions of medicine, the family, schools, and peer social networks. Paper #3 is a book proposal comprising an introductory chapter. The book will tell the story of how young feminist arts-activists challenge the binary gender structure through resistance in the cultural and interpersonal domains.

O espaço escolar é um dos lugares onde a cultura é manifestada, integrando diferentes valores. Por isso, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os valores culturais presentes nas produções escritas por adolescentes para a dramatização em período escolar. O estudo foi realizado por meio da análise de textos dramáticos produzidos por alunos de uma escola da rede particular de ensino da cidade de Caxias do Sul. A pesquisa utiliza o método da análise de conteúdo, tendo como corpus textos teatrais produzidos no período dos onze anos de existência da escola selecionada, os quais sinalizam alguns dos aspectos culturais valorizados no período da adolescência. Do estudo dos textos emergiram categorias culturais temáticas que se referem a: relações sociais: família e amizades; cultura regional: traços da cultura italiana e gauchesca; literatura e cinema e passado, futuro e meio ambiente; mídia e tecnologia. A abordagem desses assuntos define aspectos do universo da adolescência, considerado do ponto de vista regional e caracterizado pela mistura de culturas representadas socialmente. Na compreensão das questões culturais, escolares e teatrais, utilizou-se um aporte teórico que definiu alguns termos importantes para a compreensão das manifestações culturais por meio das representações literárias associadas ao teatro, tais como: cultura, identidade, imaginário, adolescência e teatro escolar. O referencial teórico utilizado permitiu o entendimento da cultura e de como os valores aparecem e são articulados nesse grupo, representados pelo texto teatral. Desse modo, o estudo contribui para a compreensão da identidade cultural na adolescência e para os estudos que envolvem a investigação da cultura e da literatura em contexto escolar e regional. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-14T19:19:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Sinara M Boone.pdf: 4488183 bytes, checksum: eee2e10d89d65e9e63be5c8fc1e737b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-14T19:19:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Sinara M Boone.pdf: 4488183 bytes, checksum: eee2e10d89d65e9e63be5c8fc1e737b4 (MD5) / The school environment is a place where culture is revealed by the integration of different values. This study aims at analyzing cultural values that are disclosed in adolescents written productions assigned in drama classes. The study analyzed drama scripts presented by students of a private school in Caxias do Sul. The research method was based on content analysis and its corpus is a set of drama scripts produced throughout an 11-year-period, which address to some cultural aspects that are valued among adolescents. From the study it was possible to come up with cultural themes related to family and friends; regional culture; traces of Italian and local (gaucho) cultures; literature; movies and the past; (worries about) the future and the environment; media and technology. The approach of such topics is defined by the aspects expressed in the adolescents universe, from a regional point of view which is characterized by a mix of socially represented cultures. In order to understand the topics related to adolescents culture, school and drama aspects, it was employed a theoretical support that defines important terminology to the comprehension of such cultural expression represented by literary relations associated to drama, namely culture, identity, imaginary, adolescence and school drama. The theoretical support employed also allowed the understanding of the culture and how values are shown and are articulated within the group, transcribed through the drama scripts. As a result, this study intends to contribute to the understanding of adolescents cultural identity as well as to further studies that involve the investigation of culture and literature in regional and school contexts.

O espaço escolar é um dos lugares onde a cultura é manifestada, integrando diferentes valores. Por isso, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os valores culturais presentes nas produções escritas por adolescentes para a dramatização em período escolar. O estudo foi realizado por meio da análise de textos dramáticos produzidos por alunos de uma escola da rede particular de ensino da cidade de Caxias do Sul. A pesquisa utiliza o método da análise de conteúdo, tendo como corpus textos teatrais produzidos no período dos onze anos de existência da escola selecionada, os quais sinalizam alguns dos aspectos culturais valorizados no período da adolescência. Do estudo dos textos emergiram categorias culturais temáticas que se referem a: relações sociais: família e amizades; cultura regional: traços da cultura italiana e gauchesca; literatura e cinema e passado, futuro e meio ambiente; mídia e tecnologia. A abordagem desses assuntos define aspectos do universo da adolescência, considerado do ponto de vista regional e caracterizado pela mistura de culturas representadas socialmente. Na compreensão das questões culturais, escolares e teatrais, utilizou-se um aporte teórico que definiu alguns termos importantes para a compreensão das manifestações culturais por meio das representações literárias associadas ao teatro, tais como: cultura, identidade, imaginário, adolescência e teatro escolar. O referencial teórico utilizado permitiu o entendimento da cultura e de como os valores aparecem e são articulados nesse grupo, representados pelo texto teatral. Desse modo, o estudo contribui para a compreensão da identidade cultural na adolescência e para os estudos que envolvem a investigação da cultura e da literatura em contexto escolar e regional. / The school environment is a place where culture is revealed by the integration of different values. This study aims at analyzing cultural values that are disclosed in adolescents written productions assigned in drama classes. The study analyzed drama scripts presented by students of a private school in Caxias do Sul. The research method was based on content analysis and its corpus is a set of drama scripts produced throughout an 11-year-period, which address to some cultural aspects that are valued among adolescents. From the study it was possible to come up with cultural themes related to family and friends; regional culture; traces of Italian and local (gaucho) cultures; literature; movies and the past; (worries about) the future and the environment; media and technology. The approach of such topics is defined by the aspects expressed in the adolescents universe, from a regional point of view which is characterized by a mix of socially represented cultures. In order to understand the topics related to adolescents culture, school and drama aspects, it was employed a theoretical support that defines important terminology to the comprehension of such cultural expression represented by literary relations associated to drama, namely culture, identity, imaginary, adolescence and school drama. The theoretical support employed also allowed the understanding of the culture and how values are shown and are articulated within the group, transcribed through the drama scripts. As a result, this study intends to contribute to the understanding of adolescents cultural identity as well as to further studies that involve the investigation of culture and literature in regional and school contexts.

Soziale Medien scheinen in der heutigen Zeit ein breit untersuchtes Phänomen zu sein, auch über die Verhaltensweisen innerhalb der Netwoks lassen sich eine Menge vorwiegend quantifizierender Analysen finden. Jedoch existieren kaum kultursoziologische Erklärungen über die Kalküle und Motive der Nutzer, erst recht nicht über die Wirkungen der Systemvorgaben von Facebook & Co. In dieser Diplomarbeit soll ein erster Versuch aufgezeigt werden, die Verhaltensweisen in sozialen Netzwerken zu erforschen, indem die Handlungsweisen, -zwänge und -kalküle im Social-Networking auf der Grundlage empirisch erhobener Daten untersucht werden. Dabei werden die konzeptionellen Fragestellungen an das soziale Handeln aus dem Gabentauschkonzept von Marcel Mauss heraus entwickelt. Die Untersuchung richtet sich hierbei erstens an die Motive der Nutzer, wie Beziehungen, Selbstdarstellung/Identität und Status. Zum zweiten werden die typischen Charakteristiken, die sich aus den Handlungserwartungen und Handlungsmuster ergeben, herausgestellt und anhand der Gabentauschelemente Geben, Nehmen und Erwidern untersucht. Ein dritter Aspekt bezieht sich auf die konkreten Tauschelemente, die innerhalb der Netzwerke durch einen gegenseitigen Austausch zirkulieren und als Gaben funktionieren. Schließlich werden auch die Wirkungsweisen verschiedener Systemvorgaben, wie die Kommentarfunktion oder die Funktion, ein „Gefällt mir“ zu vergeben, und welche Rolle sie für das Verhalten innerhalb der sozialen Netzwerke spielen, untersucht.:1. Einführung 1.1. Ist Social-Networking ein Gabentausch? – Fragestellung und Problembeschreibung I. Das theoretische Konzept – Social-Networking aus dem Blickwinkel der Gabentauschtheorie 2. Theoretische Vorklärungen 6 2.1. Marcel Mauss’ Gabentauschtheorie 2.2. Soziale Netzwerke und Social-Networking-Systems 2.3. Das konkrete Handlungsfeld 3. Das Networking als Gabentausch – Theoretische Vergleichsgrundlagen 3.1. Vergleichsdimensionen . 3.2. Das Networking – ein Gabentausch? – Zwischenresümee II. Empirische Erfassung und Strukturanalyse von Verhaltensweisen in Social-Networking-Systems 4. Datengewinnungs- und Untersuchungsinstrumente 4.1. Soziologische Verortung in der Qualitativen Sozialforschung 4.2. Datengewinnungs- und Untersuchungsinstrumente 4.2.1. Die wissenschaftliche Beobachtung 4.2.2. Qualitative Interviews 5. Datenerhebung und Auswertung – Forschungsprozess 5.1. Untersuchungsgegenstände und der Zugang zum Feld 5.2. Durchführung, Datenfixierung und Darstellung der erhobenen Daten 5.3. Qualitative Strukturanalyse – Datenaufbereitung 5.4. Zwischenresümee III.Das Networking – Ein Gabentausch? 6. Auswertung, Interpretation und Beispielfälle 6.1. Motive des Austausches 6.2. Gegenstände des Austausches 6.3. Tauschverhalten – Geben, Nehmen und Erwidern 7. Zusammenfassung und Reflexion 7.1. Zusammenfassung 7.2. Reflexion und Ausblick A. Abbildungsverzeichnis B. Literaturverzeichnis C. Anlageverzeichnis D. Anlagen E. Selbstständigkeitserklärung / Social media seem to be a widely studied phenomenon in modern times, there are also a number of predominantly quantifying analyzes of behaviors within netwoks. However, there are no cultural-sociological explanations about the calculi and motives of users, certainly not about the effects of the system specifications of Facebook & Co. In this work, therefore, a first attempt will be made to explore the behavior in social networks, by investigating the behaviors, constraints and calculi in social networking, based on empirically collected data. In the process, the conceptual questions of social action are developed out of the gift exchange concept of Marcel Mauss. First of all, the investigation is based on the users' motives, such as relationships, self-presentation / identity and status. Second, the typical characteristics that result from the action expectations and patterns of action, exposed and based on the exchange elements giving, taking and responding are examined. A third aspect refers to the concrete elements of exchange that circulate within the networks through a mutual exchange and function as gifts. Finally, the effects of various system requirements are also examined, such as the commentary function or the function of 'liking'.:1. Einführung 1.1. Ist Social-Networking ein Gabentausch? – Fragestellung und Problembeschreibung I. Das theoretische Konzept – Social-Networking aus dem Blickwinkel der Gabentauschtheorie 2. Theoretische Vorklärungen 6 2.1. Marcel Mauss’ Gabentauschtheorie 2.2. Soziale Netzwerke und Social-Networking-Systems 2.3. Das konkrete Handlungsfeld 3. Das Networking als Gabentausch – Theoretische Vergleichsgrundlagen 3.1. Vergleichsdimensionen . 3.2. Das Networking – ein Gabentausch? – Zwischenresümee II. Empirische Erfassung und Strukturanalyse von Verhaltensweisen in Social-Networking-Systems 4. Datengewinnungs- und Untersuchungsinstrumente 4.1. Soziologische Verortung in der Qualitativen Sozialforschung 4.2. Datengewinnungs- und Untersuchungsinstrumente 4.2.1. Die wissenschaftliche Beobachtung 4.2.2. Qualitative Interviews 5. Datenerhebung und Auswertung – Forschungsprozess 5.1. Untersuchungsgegenstände und der Zugang zum Feld 5.2. Durchführung, Datenfixierung und Darstellung der erhobenen Daten 5.3. Qualitative Strukturanalyse – Datenaufbereitung 5.4. Zwischenresümee III.Das Networking – Ein Gabentausch? 6. Auswertung, Interpretation und Beispielfälle 6.1. Motive des Austausches 6.2. Gegenstände des Austausches 6.3. Tauschverhalten – Geben, Nehmen und Erwidern 7. Zusammenfassung und Reflexion 7.1. Zusammenfassung 7.2. Reflexion und Ausblick A. Abbildungsverzeichnis B. Literaturverzeichnis C. Anlageverzeichnis D. Anlagen E. Selbstständigkeitserklärung

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This dissertation investigates how different stakeholders have competed over the interpretation and commemoration of the Aum Affair. The Aum Affair was a series of crimes committed by new religious movement Aum Shinrikyō between 1988 and 1995, which culminated in the gassing of the Tokyo subway system using sarin in March 1995. The Tokyo attack was the largest act of terrorism in post-war Japan. I combine qualitative methods of media analysis, interviews, and participant observation to analyse how different stakeholders have narrated and commemorated the Aum Affair. I propose ‘collective trauma’ as a revised theory of ‘cultural trauma’ to describe an event which is represented as harmful and indelible to collective memory and identity. In contrast to ‘cultural trauma’, which stresses the importance of symbolic representations of traumatic events, ‘collective trauma’ considers other ‘material’ processes – such as establishing facts, collective action, state responses, and litigation – which also contribute to trauma construction. My overarching argument is that various stakeholders – including state authorities, mass media, public intellectuals, victims, and former Aum believers – have constructed the Aum Affair as a collective trauma in multiple and conflicting ways. Many media representations situated Aum as an evil ‘cult’ which ‘brainwashed’ believers and intended to take over Japan through terror. State authorities also responded by treating Aum as a dangerous terrorist group. In some instances, these binary representations of Japan locked in a struggle against an evil force led to municipal governments violating the civil rights of Aum believers. Some individuals such as public intellectuals and former believers have challenged this divisive view by treating Aum as a ‘religion’, not a ‘cult’, and locating the root causes of Aum’s growth in Japanese society. Additionally, victims and former members have pursued divergent goals such as retributive justice, financial reparations, and social reconciliation through their public actions. A key conclusion of this dissertation is that whilst confronting horrific acts of violence may require social construction of collective trauma using cultural codes of good and evil, the entrenchment of these symbolic categories can result in lasting social tension and division.