Muitas formas de cuidado parental aumentam a sobrevivência da prole, ao custo de uma diminuição na capacidade dos pais em investir em proles futuras. Espera-se, portanto, que indivíduos parentais adotem estratégias de cuidado que lhes permitam balancear benefícios imediatos e custos futuros, otimizando seu sucesso reprodutivo total. Nesta dissertação, testamos um potencial custo e um benefício do cuidado maternal do opilião Neosadocus maximus, espécie cujas fêmeas desertam suas desovas periodicamente e acrescentam ovos a elas por um período de até duas semanas características únicas entre opiliões com cuidado maternal. Exploramos também quais fatores permitem a deserção temporária das fêmeas de N. maximus. Mais especificamente, testamos as seguintes hipóteses: (1) o cuidado maternal protege os ovos contra predadores, que são mais comuns no período noturno; (2) o cuidado maternal diminui a fecundidade imediata da fêmea; (3) a camada de muco que as fêmeas depositam sobre seus ovos mantém a prole protegida nos momentos de deserção temporária. Nossos resultados apontam que o cuidado maternal é uma proteção eficaz contra o ataque de predadores, sem afetar negativamente a fecundidade imediata das fêmeas. Demonstramos também que a camada de muco mantém os ovos relativamente protegidos na ausência da fêmea guardiã, permitindo que estas se ausentem de suas desovas sem deixar a prole totalmente vulnerável. Sendo assim, a camada de muco que recobre os ovos de N. maximus permite que estas fêmeas minimizem os custos fisiológicos associados ao cuidado maternal sem, entretanto, aumentar os custos da deserção em termos de redução de prole provocada por predação. / Many forms of parental care increase offspring survival, at the cost of a decrease in the parental individuals capacity to invest in a future brood. It is expected, therefore, that parental individuals adopt parental strategies that allow them to balance immediate benefits and future costs, optimizing their total reproductive success. In this thesis, we aimed to identify costs and benefits of maternal care in the harvestman Neosadocus maximus, whose females periodically desert their broods and add eggs to their clutches for up to two weeks unique characteristics among harvestmen with maternal care. We also explored which factors allow N. maximus females to desert their clutches frequently. We tested the following hypothesis: (1) maternal care protects the eggs against predators, especially at night; (2) maternal care decreases the current female fecundity; (3) the mucus coat covering the eggs protects them against predators even in the absence of the guarding female. Our results indicate that maternal care is an effective protection against egg predators, and does not decrease current female fecundity. We also demonstrated that the mucus coat provides effective protection to the eggs in the absence of the guarding female, allowing them to abandon periodically their clutches without leaving the offspring completely vulnerable to predators. The mucus coat covering N. maximus eggs allows these females to minimize the physiological costs of caring, with no severe increase in the cost of deserting in terms of brood reduction by predation.

Solicitud de envío manuscrito de artículo científico. / Este estudio focalizado en la problemática de la deserción en el contexto de los institutos de educación superior, específicamente aquellos que imparten programas de formación técnica profesional en el Perú, que esta tomando cada vez más auge en la agenda pública nacional, fenómeno de carácter social que impacta el ámbito educativo y desarrollo de las fuerzas socioproductivas, que se ha visibilizado mediante el incremento sistemático del abandono de los estudiantes de las aulas de clases en las distintas, fases o etapas del proceso de formación educativa, disminuyendo significativamente los ingresos por los servicios académicos que ofertan en el mercado este tipo de centros, que se encuentran en riesgo e incertidumbre ante la posibilidad de cierre técnico por la reducción de los recursos para sostener el funcionamiento y operatividad. El objetivo general es proponer un modelo analítico administrativo eficiente para la reducción del índice de deserción en la educación técnica en el Perú. El trabajo se sustenta metodológicamente en el enfoque cualitativo propio de la corriente del paradigma interpretativo, mediante un diseño no experimental de campo de corte transversal, un tipo de investigación descriptiva con un nivel analítico-comparativo. Los informantes claves lo integran (10) sujetos que proporcionarán información intersubjetiva a partir de las experiencias y conocimientos cultivados, a los cuales se les aplicó un guión de entrevista como instrumento, que fue sometido al proceso de categorización, triangulación e interpretación de la información. Los resultados evidenciaron que la deserción está vinculada con factores económicos, laboral, académico, personal y familiar. El estatus económico de los estudiantes que desertan en los centros de educación técnica del Perú, provienen en la gran mayoría del segmento C o D, situándola como media a baja con menor proporción en el segmento B, luego él E y A. Las causas de la deserción, son por los aspectos económicos, laborales, académicos, personales y familiares. De allí que se diseñó un modelo analítico administrativo innovador y eficiente para contribuir con la reducción de índice de deserción. / This study focused on the problem of dropout in the context of higher education institutes, specifically those that provide vocational technical training programs in Peru, which is increasingly booming on the national public agenda, a social phenomenon that impacts the educational field and development of socio-productive forces, which has become visible through the systematic increase in the abandonment of students from classrooms in the various phases or stages of the educational training process, significantly reducing the revenue from the academic services offered on the market by such centres, which are at risk and uncertainty at the possibility of technical closure by reducing resources to sustain the operation. The overall objective is to propose an efficient administrative analytical model for the reduction of the attrition rate at technical education in Peru. The work is methodologically based on the qualitative approach typical of the current of the interpretative paradigm, through a non-experimental cross-sectional field design, a type of descriptive research with an analytical-comparative level. Key informants integrate it (10) subjects who will provide intersubjective information based on cultivated experiences and knowledge, to which an interview script will be applied as an instrument, which will be subjected to the process of categorization, triangulation and interpretation of the information. The results showed that the desertation is linked to economic, labor, academic, personal and family factors. The economic status of students who defect at technical education in Peru, come in the vast majority of segment C or D, placing it as average down with lower proportion in segment B, then he E and A. The causes of the desertion are because of the economic, labor, academic, personal and family aspects. From there, an innovative and efficient administrative analytical model was designed to contribute to the reduction of the attrition rate. / Trabajo de investigación

This study examines the widely prevalent belief that adult children desert their elders. Data which suggested considerable family support of elderly family members were collected over a period of one year through counseling families with dependent parents. These families exhibited confusion and lack of knowledge but not desertion.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Flavio Orlandi.pdf: 480385 bytes, checksum: 96464745d7ba5a8793512a1a03950361 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-19 / Centro Universitario FIEO / The aging is a process that produces social, cultural and epidemiological transformations, between others, significant. Among the questions that concern the old one, the admission and the desertion are relevants questions. This work investigated the perception of the old ones on the situation of admission and of desertion in institutions of rearguard. The scientific used method went to qualitative inquiry; the data were gathered through interviews carried out near 17 old ones interned in hospitals of rearguard. The interviews were transcribed and analysed in the form of discursive categories that substantiated the treatment of the informations. The bibliography referring to the objective of this work is scarce and it demonstrates what the population of Brazil is aging and what this process has how consequence the alteration in the structure of life of the old ones, demanding new approaches and solutions for these problems. The Analysis of the data, showed several causes that lead to the desertion of old ones for the family. Between them, the lack of economical conditions, the difficulty of deal with old what need special cares as a result of the loss of functional capacity and of the health; the loss of familiar bonds and the lack of interest of the relatives in taking care of the old ones. The perception of the subjects on the desertion after the nosocomial rise could be caught through the verbal communication and not verbal, being the sadness and the bitterness to expression more precise of the feelings of the old ones. Feelings of resignation and conformism are ways of facing the situation and to darken the true perception of the desertion; on the other side, the hope of returning to the home is a feeling suffered by most of the interviewed ones. The product of this work pointed to the necessity of creation of programs to direction and preparation of the family to deal with the old one; of development of politics and programs of public health turned to the old population, of the formulation of politics of education and citizenship at what there aim the welcome and the care of the old ones and the development and the stimulus for inquiries and studies on the subject of the desertion / O envelhecimento é um processo que produz transformações sociais, culturais e epidemiológicas, entre outras, significativas. Dentre as questões que envolvem o idoso, a institucionalização e o abandono apresentam-se sobre-determinadas. Este trabalho investigou a percepção dos idosos sobre a situação de internação e de abandono em instituições de retaguarda. Nele, a abordagem metodológica recaiu sobre a pesquisa qualitativa; os dados foram colhidos através de entrevistas realizadas junto a 17 idosos internados em hospitais de retaguarda. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas na forma de categorias discursivas que fundamentaram o tratamento das informações. A bibliografia referente ao tema é escassa e demonstra que a população do Brasil está envelhecendo e que este processo tem como conseqüência a alteração na estrutura de vida dos idosos, exigindo novas abordagens e soluções para estes problemas. A análise dos dados mostrou as várias causas que levam ao abandono de idosos pela família. Entre elas, a falta de condições econômicas, a dificuldade de lidar com idosos que necessitam de cuidados especiais em decorrência da perda da capacidade funcional e da saúde; a perda de vínculos familiares e a falta de interesse dos familiares em cuidar dos idosos. A percepção dos sujeitos sobre o abandono após a alta hospitalar pôde ser captada através da comunicação verbal e não verbal, sendo a tristeza e a amargura a expressão mais precisa dos sentimentos dos idosos. Sentimentos de resignação e conformismo são formas de enfrentamento para obscurecer a verdadeira percepção do abandono; por outro lado, a esperança de retornar ao lar é um sentimento experimentado pela maioria dos entrevistados. O produto deste trabalho apontou para a necessidade de criação de programas para orientação e preparação da família para lidar com o idoso, de desenvolvimento de políticas e programas de saúde pública voltados à população idosa, da formulação de políticas de educação e cidadania que visem o acolhimento e o cuidado dos idosos e o desenvolvimento e estímulo para pesquisas e estudos sobre o tema do abandono

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-23T17:26:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vanialuciadasilva.pdf: 2290682 bytes, checksum: 4953ba92fdd9c1cc4d2691ac0f530a26 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-07T20:25:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vanialuciadasilva.pdf: 2290682 bytes, checksum: 4953ba92fdd9c1cc4d2691ac0f530a26 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T20:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vanialuciadasilva.pdf: 2290682 bytes, checksum: 4953ba92fdd9c1cc4d2691ac0f530a26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-08 / Este trabalho analisa os critérios de distribuição de vagas da educação infantil, conforme determina o Programa Primeira Escola, e seus impactos na gestão das UMEIs, tendo como foco de estudo duas escolas da rede municipal de ensino de Belo Horizonte: a UMEI Delfim Moreira e a UMEI Timbiras. Para isso, a trajetória da educação pública municipal e a educação infantil em Belo Horizonte são descritas, apresentando os desafios e avanços no atendimento e a decisão política da Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte pela criação do Programa Primeira Escola, para a ampliação de sua rede própria de UMEIs e os critérios da diretriz política na distribuição das vagas. O contexto da implementação do Programa Primeira Escola, o atendimento, os problemas vividos na gestão das UMEIs são apresentados e analisados nessa conjuntura. Em seguida, a pesquisa dialoga com o desenho e o ciclo dessa política, com os dados de evasão e frequência encontrados nas duas unidades, na intenção de apontar algumas sugestões para os gestores das duas escolas envolvidas neste estudo de caso; pode-se, assim, otimizar e minimizar os impactos na gestão dessas UMEIs. Entendendo que este estudo apontará para as duas escolas essas sugestões relacionadas à política de distribuição de vagas e que qualquer mudança precisará ser aprovada pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Belo Horizonte, a pesquisa será encaminhada para essa secretaria, servindo de projeto-piloto para a proposição de alteração da política de distribuição das vagas nessas duas escolas. / This paper examines the vacancies distribution criteria of early childhood education, as determined by the First School Program, and their impact on management of UMEIs, fucusing the study on two schools in the municipal education of Belo Horizonte: Delfim Moreira and Timbiras UMEIs. In order to do so, the path of municipal public education and early childhood education in Belo Horizonte are described, presenting challenges and advances in care and the political decision of the municipal government of Belo Horizonte in creating the First College Program to expand its own UMEIS network and the criteria of the policy guideline in the distribution of vacancies. The implementation context of the First School Program, the care, the problems experienced in the management of the UMEIs are presented and analyzed in this context. Following, the research gets in touch with the design and the cycle of such policy, as well as with the desertion and frequency data found in both units, intending to point out some suggestions for managers of the two schools involved in this study, thus being able to optimize and minimize the impact on management of these UMEIs. Understanding that this study points to the two schools suggestions related to the distribution of vacancies and that any change must to be approved by the Municipal Education Office of Belo Horizonte, this research will be forwarded to this office serving as a pilot project to propose changes in the vacancy distribution policy in both Schools.

En la actualidad, el rol que cumplen los bancos en la economía del país y el impacto que tienen en las diferentes clases sociales es cada vez más importante. Estos siempre han sido un mercado que históricamente ha recibido un gran número de quejas y reclamaciones. Es por ello que, un mal servicio por parte del proveedor, una deficiente calidad de los productos y un precio fuera de mercado son las principales razones por las que los clientes abandonan una entidad bancaria. Esta situación va aumentando cada vez más y los bancos muestran su preocupación por este problema intentando implementar modelos que hasta el momento no han logrado cumplir con los objetivos. Además, existe un elevado nivel de competencia que obliga a las entidades financieras a velar por la lealtad de sus clientes para intentar mantenerlos e incrementar su rentabilidad. Este proyecto propone un Modelo de Análisis Predictivo soportado con la herramienta SAP Predictive Analytics, con el fin de ayudar en la toma de decisiones para la retención o fidelización de los clientes potenciales con tendencia a la deserción en la entidad bancaria. Esta propuesta se realizó mediante la necesidad de los mismos de conocer la exactitud de deserción de sus clientes categorizados potenciales. Se desarrolló una interfaz web como canal entre el Modelo de Análisis Predictivo propuesto y la entidad bancaria, con el fin de mostrar el resultado obtenido por el modelo indicando la exactitud, en porcentaje, de los clientes con tendencia a desertar. Además, como Plan de continuidad se propone 2 proyectos en base a la escalabilidad del Modelo de análisis predictivo propuesto, apoyándonos en la información obtenida en la etapa de análisis del modelo mismo. / Currently, the role played by banks in the country's economy and the impact they have on different social classes is increasingly important. These have always been a market that has historically received a large number of complaints and claims. It is therefore, poor service by the supplier, poor product quality and a price outside the market are the main reasons why customers leave a bank. This situation is increasingly and banks. In addition, there is a high level of competition that forces financial institutions and the loyalty of their customers to try to maintain them and increase their profitability. This project proposes a Predictive Analysis Model supported with the SAP Predictive Analytics tool, in order to help in making decisions for the retention or loyalty of clients with the tendency to drop out in the bank. This proposal was made through the need to know the accuracy of the desertion of its categorized clients. A web interface is shown as a channel between the Predictive Analysis Model and the bank, in order to show the result by the model that indicates the accuracy, in percentage, of clients with a tendency to defect. In addition, as a continuity plan, 2 projects are proposed based on the scalability of the Predictive Analysis Model, based on the information in the analysis stage of the model itself. / Tesis

Par sa durée autant que par l’ampleur des effectifs engagés, la Première Guerre mondiale pose particulièrement la question du maintien de l’ordre et de la discipline aux armées. Déployés dans la zone des armées dès la déclaration de guerre, des détachements de gendarmerie y sont réorganisés à plusieurs reprises. Après avoir dirigé la mobilisation générale, ils veillent à la fluidité et à la sécurité de la circulation et assurent la régulation du trafic. Dans les cantonnements, les gendarmes des prévôtés interviennent également pour maintenir les hommes dans l’obéissance et le respect des directives du commandement. Ils sont aussi disposés en barrage, durant la bataille, pour réprimer la désertion qu’ils traquent jusqu’à l’intérieur. Leur échoient en outre la gestion et la surveillance des prisons prévôtales, bientôt réputées être le « cauchemar » de l’arme. En certaines circonstances, et alors que sont massées des troupes en nombre considérable, leur mission s’étend au contrôle de l’hygiène et aux soins des soldats. Pourtant, à l’issue de la guerre, l’image de la gendarmerie s’est considérablement dépréciée, comme en témoigne le développement du thème des gendarmes pendus par la troupe. / Because of its long duration as much as because of the vast number of troops engaged, the First World War posed the problem of maintaining order and discipline in the French armies in a particularly acute form. The task fell in a large part to the Gendarmerie, detachments of which were stationed in the armies’ sector since the outbreak of war. On several occasions the Gendarmerie had been reorganized. After having supervised the mobilization, it provided security for army movements and was responsible for traffic control. In the troop encampments the gendarmes of the military police enforced obedience to orders and ensured the implementation of directives from the (army) command. During the battle, they were arranged in roadblocks to repress deserters, whom they pursued up to the inland. Among their duties, there was also the administration and surveillance of military prisons, a task soon recognised to be a ‘nightmare’ for the service. In certain circumstances, when large masses of troops were jam-packed together, the Gendarmerie even assumed responsibility for soldiers’ personal hygiene and welfare. However, by the end of the war, the men’s respect for the Gendarmerie had declined markedly, evidenced by the spreading of the legend of gendarmes hanged by the rank-and-file.

This paper investigates the factors that influence in the drop-out of university students, of the first cycle of distance education belonging to the administration school of the university Lord of Sipán, between 2011-I to 2013-I. It addresses the individual, socio-economic, academic and finally institutional factors.Among the individual factors, the one that most influenced the drop-out was the lack of time dedicated to the study (53% of the total respondents). With regard to socio-economic factors such as: employment status, salaries received, dependents, etc. none of them influenced student dropouts (79.3% of all respondents). Among institutional factors such as: care received, administrative support, virtual environment, etc. did not influence desertion. Finally, academic factors such as: conformity with curriculum, training received, etc., were not relevant in desertion. / En el presente trabajo se investiga los factores que influyen en la deserción de los estudiantes universitarios del primer ciclo de educación a distancia, pertenecientes a la Escuela de Administración de la Universidad Señor de Sipán, entre los semestres 2011-I y 2013-I. Del mismo modo se aborda los factores individuales, socioeconómicos, académicos y finalmente los institucionales.Dentro de los factores individuales, el que más influyó en la deserción fue la falta de tiempo dedicado al estudio (53% del total de encuestados). Respecto a los factores socioeconómicos, como situación laboral, sueldos percibidos, personas a cargo, etc., ninguno de ellos influyó en la deserción de la mayoría de estudiantes (79,3% del total de encuestados). Los factores institucionales como la atención recibida, el apoyo administrativo, el entorno virtual, entre otros, no influyeron en la deserción. Finalmente, los factores académicos, como la conformidad con el plan de estudios, la capacitación recibida, etc., no fueron influyentes para la deserción. / Este trabalho investiga os fatores que influenciam o abandono de estudantes universitários do primeiro ciclo de ensino à distância, pertencentes à escola de administração da universidade Senhor do Sipán, entre 2011-I a 2013-I. Aborda os fatores individuais, socioeconômicos, acadêmicos e, finalmente, institucionais.Entre os fatores individuais, o que mais influenciou o abandono foi a falta de tempo dedicado ao estudo (53% do total de inquiridos). No que diz respeito a fatores socioeconômicos, tais como: status de emprego, salários recebidos, dependentes, etc. nenhum deles influenciou o abandono escolar (79,3% de todos os entrevistados). Fatores institucionais, tais como: cuidados recebidos, suporte administrativo, ambiente virtual, etc. não influenciou a deserção. Finalmente, fatores acadêmicos, tais como: conformidade com currículo, treinamento recebido, etc. não eram relevantes em deserção.

Les mutations profondes qui ont eu lieu dans notre manière de vivre : aspiration à l'égalité ; féminisme ; généralisation des familles recomposées ; acceptation sociale de l'homosexualité ; société de consommation ; dématérialisation et réappropriation de l'identité de l'individu sur les réseaux numériques... ont accompagné un changement radical de la manière de penser le rattachement familial de l'enfant. La mention du nom des parents dans l'acte de naissance ou la reconnaissance de l'enfant sont autant de supports dont le potentiel reste à explorer. Pour sa part, l'adoption est désormais fondée sur un lien plus abstrait de volonté qui exige de ne peut-être plus s'intéresser aux circonstances qui l'ont entourée. Enfin, en parallèle de la filiation génétique et de la filiation volontaire se dessine une nouvelle catégorie de filiation : le lien de filiation polygonéique, fondé sur le fait et mu par l'affection que l'on porte à l'enfant auquel il conviendra de donner un contenu juridique dans l'intérêt de l'enfant. Au delà de toutes ces formes d'appropriation générationnelle se pose dès lors la question de savoir où se trouvent les nouveaux droits de l'enfant. L'enfant a-t-il le droit à des parents en particulier ? Quels seront les critères d'égalité entre les enfants à l'avenir ? Quels bénéfices pourra-t-il tirer de ces évolutions ? Quelle doit-être la place de sa parole ? Plus que jamais il devient nécessaire de repenser un cadre juridique prévisible et stable pour le rattachement familial de l'enfant qui tienne compte du nouvel ordre public de la famille : les droits de l'enfant. / The profound changes in our way of life, (desire for equality, feminism, generalization of reconstituted families, social acceptance of homosexuality, consumer society, individuals’ identity becoming immaterial on digital networks), have gone along with a radical change in the way of thinking of how children are affiliated to a family. The mention of both parents’ names on a birth certificate, or the recognition of a child are two promising medium, yet to be examined. Concerning adoption, it is founded upon a more abstract link based on volition, meaning that it may no longer require to take into account the circumstances surrounding the adoption. Finally, parallel to genetic filiation and voluntary filiation, a new category of filiation is taking shape: polygoneic filiation (multi-parental filiation), which is based on facts and pushed by the affection felt for the child, and which will require a legal content in the best interests of the child. Beyond all these forms of belonging to a family, we can then wonder what will become new rights for children. Will a child have the right to have specific parents? What will be the criteria for equality between children in the future? What benefits will the child attain after these evolutions? What importance should be given to his/her views? More than ever, it will be crucial to re-examine an equable and predictable legal framework for family bonds which would take into consideration the new public order of the family: the rights of the child.