Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeMM_DISSERT_PARCIAL.pdf: 543992 bytes, checksum: ce3639e86db6323316d34db69a7a5540 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The diachronic studies marked the first decades of the 20th century in Brazilian linguistics, passing by an ostracism period after the 50s. Mainly from the 90s especially with the project, created in 1997, Para a hist?ria do portugu?s brasileiro (PHPB), which has systemized, in national ambit, the programme related to the area of diachrony the historical studies retake forces and have gradually increased since then. Our work is set in the new scene of Brazilian historical linguistics and it is associated to two research programmes: i) the constitution of a diachronic corpus; ii) the diachrony of text and discourse. As regards the first programme, we made effort to constitute a diachronic corpus of official letters about Rio Grande do Norte, we called cartas oficiais norte-rio-grandenses, written in 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. The chosen for bureaucrat letters occurred for they represent a textual category very productive in historical contexts, mostly 18th and 19th centuries, in which the command of writing was the least and also because they bring, almost always explicitly, the information of where, when, for whom and from whom, as remembers Fonseca (2003). The rules for constituting the corpus were based, although not strictly, on the orientation from PHPB. In respect to the second programme, we set up on the ideas of coserian base came from the studies on discourse traditions (TD) (Koch, 1997; Kabatek, 2006) amongst which that the texts are shaped so as to follow their own tradition (Coseriu, 2007), and we turned to Diplomatics (Belloto, 2002) in order to do the characterization of this corpus by the application of concepts from Diplomatics and TD as well as by the presentation of the structures that form those official letters: their textual genres, a kind of TD, with their macrostructures; and some of their formulaic expressions (microstructures), another sort of TD. This stage of characterizing will pay attention, as far as possible, to the dynamic between tradition and innovation that happen in the actualization of those textual structures along the centuries. This work intends to contribute with the researches connected to Historical Linguistics in Rio Grande do Norte, more specifically the ones related to the constitution of diachronic corpora and to TD; and with the study of official documents, textual category about which there are almost no studies (cf. Silveira, 2007) / Os estudos diacr?nicos marcaram as primeiras d?cadas do s?culo XX na lingu?stica brasileira, passando por um per?odo de ostracismo ap?s a d?cada de 50. Principalmente a partir da d?cada de 90 com ?nfase na cria??o, em 1997, do projeto Para a hist?ria do portugu?s brasileiro (PHPB), que tem sistematizado, em ?mbito nacional, os planos de trabalho relacionados ? ?rea da diacronia os estudos hist?ricos da l?ngua retomam for?a e v?m aumentando paulatinamente desde ent?o. Nosso trabalho situa-se neste novo cen?rio da lingu?stica hist?rica brasileira e est? relacionado a dois programas de pesquisa: i) a organiza??o de um corpus diacr?nico e ii) a diacronia do texto e do discurso. No que respeita ao primeiro programa, empenhamo-nos na constitui??o de um corpus diacr?nico de cartas oficiais relacionadas ao Rio Grande do Norte, a que chamamos cartas oficiais norte-rio-grandenses, escritas nos s?culos XVIII, XIX e XX. A escolha por cartas burocr?ticas se deu por elas representarem uma categoria textual bastante produtiva em ambientes hist?ricos, principalmente dos s?culos XVIII e XIX, em que o dom?nio da escrita era m?nimo e tamb?m por trazerem, quase sempre explicitamente, informa??es do tipo onde, quando, para quem e por quem, conforme relembra Fonseca (2003). Os crit?rios para a constitui??o do corpus tomaram por base, embora n?o estritamente, as orienta??es do PHPB. Com rela??o ao segundo programa, partimos das ideias de base coseriana advindas dos estudos sobre as tradi??es discursivas (TD) (Koch, 1997; Kabatek, 2006), dentre as quais a de que os textos se configuram de modo a seguirem suas pr?prias tradi??es (Coseriu, 2007), e recorremos ? Diplom?tica (Belloto, 2002), a fim de proceder a uma caracteriza??o desse corpus pela aplica??o de conceitos tanto da Diplom?tica quanto das TD e por meio da apresenta??o das estruturas que conformam essas cartas: seus g?neros textuais, uma modalidade de TD, com suas macroestruturas; e algumas de suas express?es formulaicas (microestruturas), outra modalidade de TD. Essa etapa da caracteriza??o atentar?, sempre que poss?vel, para a din?mica entre conservadorismo e inova??o que se processa na atualiza??o dessas estruturas textuais ao largo dos s?culos. Este trabalho pretende contribuir com as investiga??es ligadas ? Lingu?stica Hist?rica no Rio Grande do Norte, de modo mais pontual as atinentes ? constitui??o de corpora diacr?nicos e ?s TD; e com o estudo dos documentos oficiais, categoria de g?neros textuais sobre a qual praticamente inexistem estudos (cf. Silveira, 2007)

Cette thèse pose la question du travail des examinateurs au travers des classifications britannique et française de films : au Royaume-Uni, le BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) est l’institution en charge de la classification des films ; en France, c’est la Commission de Classification des Œuvres cinématographiques qui s’en occupe. La problématique de ce sujet est : comment les pratiques des examinateurs et les évolutions sociales et institutionnelles ont façonné la création et le développement d’un critère langage au sein des systèmes de classification britannique et français ? En effet, selon les stéréotypes, ces classifications sont généralement mises en opposition : le BBFC est présenté comme une machine à compter les jurons, alors que la classification française est décrite comme étant libérale. Cette thèse vise à expliquer l’origine de ces stéréotypes et à mettre en lumière la place du critère langage au sein de ces classifications de films. / This thesis wonders about the work of examiners within British and French filmclassifications: in the UK, the BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) is theinstitution in charge of film classification; in France, it is the Commission ofClassification of Cinematographic Works. The question here is: how have the work ofexaminers and institutional and societal evolutions shaped the creation and thedevelopment of a language criterion within British and French film classificationsystems? Indeed, stereotypically, those classifications are generally opposed: the BBFC is presented as a swearword-counting system, while the French classification is described as liberal. This thesis aims at explaining the origin of those stereotypes and at highlighting the true place of language within film classifications.

Este trabalho analisa diacronicamente o parâmetro do sujeito nulo no português do Brasil, mediante a utilização de documentação jurídica - mais especificamente, os depoimentos prestados em processos e inquéritos policiais. Defendemos que esse tipo de documentação consiste em significativa representação da língua falada para épocas pretéritas. Após, verificamos o que os dados neles contidos poderiam informar a respeito do parâmetro do sujeito nulo no português do Brasil na época em que foram produzidos, ou seja, final do século XIX e meados do século XX. Limitamo-nos ao estudo do parâmetro em questão apenas em orações subordinadas, mais especificamente no que denominamos encadeamento de subordinadas, estrutura muito comum no tipo de documento por nós estudado até hoje. Tal estrutura consiste em um grande número de orações subordinadas ligadas a uma mesma oração principal por meio do conectivo que. Por exemplo, \"a testemunhai disse que não cvi sabe quanto a autora tinha no Banco Mauá, [...]; que o que ellai ouvio dizer pelo finado Cavalheiro [...]\" Inicialmente, comparamos tais dados com aqueles contidos em estudo diacrônico clássico sobre o assunto, da autoria de Duarte (1993). Também verificamos o que poderiam nos informar se submetidos às hipóteses formuladas por Barbosa, Duarte e Kato (2005). A análise dos dados permite concluir pela existência de um comportamento esperado para o período analisado, mas ao mesmo tempo contém nuances indicativas das transformações pelas quais viria a passar o estatuto do sujeito nulo no Brasil. / This work analyzes diachronically the pro-drop parameter in Brazilian Portuguese through statements given in a court of law or during police investigation. We believe that this kind of document shows past spoken language. After concluding that these statements can really be a source of spoken language, we extracted data to guide us through the situation of the pro -drop parameter in Brazilian Portuguese, at the time the statements were taken - end of 19th century/middle of 20th century. We only studied subordinate clauses, in a structure we call subordinate clause chain, which is very common in the type of document we chose until today. It consists in many subordinate clauses connected to the same matrix clause by que [that]. E. g., \"a testemunhai disse [the witness said] que não cvi sabe quanto a autora tinha no Banco Mauá, [...]; [that she doesn\'t know how much the complainant had in Mauá Bank,...] que o que ellai ouvio dizer pelo finado Cavalheiro [...]\" [that what she heard the dead Cavalheiro say...] We compared these data with those which supported a classical study in the subject by Duarte (1993). And we also checked what they could inform us if submitted to the hypotheses created by Barbosa, Duarte and Kato (2005). We concluded that the data extracted from the corpus behave just as it was expected for that period of time, but with slight indications of the changes that would occur ahead in time in Brazil.

The purpose of this paper is to work out criteria for selection of Russian conjunctions for the Swedish-Russian and Russian-Swedish dictionary Mini+ and to suggest a list of conjunctions to be included in it. The present study aims at collecting information, classifying it and examining Russian conjunctions in present-day Russian. The study also systemizes gathered material according to its diachronic features and makes corpus-based co-occurrence analysis, using Russian National Corpus (RNC) and Google Scholar. The paper presents a list of conjunctions to be included into the Russian part of the lexicon, based primarily on their grammatical and stylistic criteria as well as the results of the corpus-based frequency analysis. The choice takes into consideration limitations in size of the given dictionary. Out of a total 272 conjunctions, 55 were chosen for the Russian Swedish Mini+ dictionary. The major group (35) is simple conjunctions that frequently occur in corpus-based search and that are necessary to build basic grammar structures as well as other compound conjunctions, ex. а, даже, едва, если, чтобы, хотя. The second group (13) is compound conjunctions that are important for building most frequent subordinate clauses. The third group (7) is compound conjunctions that frequently occur in corpora.

Due sono le questioni che bisogna porsi per analizzare la “cultura di miniera nelle Alpi”: in che modo i fattori politici ed economici influenzarono la gestione e l’organizzazione mineraria? Esistono espressioni culturali specifiche della categoria professionale dei minatori? Pur nella loro diversità, le due questioni sono tra loro complementari. La presente ricerca è divisa in due parti: la prima prende in esame i sistemi di gestione e di organizzazione estrattiva nelle Alpi; a tal proposito sono stati comparati i contesti socio-economici delle seguenti comunità minerarie: del distretto minerario di Vipiteno-Colle Isarco ed in particolare della miniera di Ridanna-Monteneve in alto Adige; dell’Alta Val Trompia in provincia di Brescia; di Brosso e di Pont Canavese in provincia di Torino e di Premana in provincia di Lecco. La seconda parte di questo lavoro analizza le espressioni culturali della categoria professionale dei minatori che comprendono le leggende di miniera, i canti e le feste. Queste fonti sono importanti dal punto di vista antropologico in quanto esprimono i desideri, le ansie, le attese, in breve la coscienza dei minatori. I testi folklorici, soprattutto i canti, gettano luce sui loro modi di vita e di pensiero. Si tratta dunque di fonti autentiche per la conoscenza delle condizioni morali, oltre che materiali, dei minatori. / Dans l’analyse de la culture minière dans les Alpes, il faut se poser deux questions: comment les facteurs politiques et économiques influencèrent la gestion et l’organisation minière? Est-ce qu’il existe des expressions culturelles spécifiques de la catégorie des mineurs ? Bien qu’elles soient très différentes, les deux questions sont complémentaires. Ce travail est divisé en deux parties : la première concerne les systèmes de gestion et d’organisation du travail minier dans les Alpes ; pour bien les analyser, on a comparé les contextes socio-économiques des communautés minières suivantes : le district minier de Vipiteno-Colle Isarco et en particulier la mine de Ridanna-Monteneve en Alto Adige. La Haute Val Trompia en province de Brescia ; Brosso et Pont Canavese en province de Turin et Premana en province de Lecco. La deuxième partie de ce travail analyse les expression culturelles de la catégorie professionnelle des mineurs comprenant les légendes minières, les chants et les fêtes. Ces sources sont très importantes du point de vue anthropologique, car elles expriment les inquiétudes, les désirs, les attentes, en bref la conscience des mineurs. Les textes folkloriques, surtout les chants, permettent de comprendre leurs vies et leurs pensées. Il s’agit donc de sources authentiques pour connaitre les conditions morales et matérielles des mineurs.

Le sous-sol de Paris est reconnu et topographié depuis environ deux siècles par plusieurs disciplines. Dans cette thèse, nous avons retenu et analysé depuis leur genèses, souvent intimement liées sur le territoire urbain, ces disciplines de l’épaisseur : la géologie, l’hydrogéologie, l’archéologie, la topographie, puis ce que nous nommons actuellement le génie urbain. L’urbanisme, accepté comme « science de l’organisation spatiale des villes », possède peu de méthodes d’appréhension à même de synthétiser dans le temps et l'espace la diversité de ces approches. La méthode proposée par la thèse rend représentables et quantifiables plusieurs évolutions longues issues des « mesures de ville » étalées dans le temps, à travers un Système d’Information Géographique construit dans une perspective diachronique. Il concerne ici spécifiquement la verticalité. Plusieurs cartographies originales concernant le mouvement du sol et de la nappe phréatique en sont issues.Sur la base de ce support, intégrant la topographie historique, environnementale et tridimensionnelle de plusieurs disciplines urbaines, nous développons deux pistes d’analyse.La première est la compréhension de la construction du projet urbain au XIXe siècle jusqu’aux « grands travaux » à la lumière de la mesure de l’espace et des représentations disponibles. Une chronologie spécifique est proposée.La seconde est une proposition pour un récolement urbaniste souterrain appréhendant le temps long et l'épaisseur de la ville. Elle peut contribuer aux bases de données urbaines, actuellement en majorité construites sur un espace conçu comme parcellaire.Le modèle vise donc à fournir une contribution et de nouvelles pistes de recherches à la fois pour la morphologie préindustrielle de Paris, pour l’archéologie industrielle et plus généralement pour l'approche urbaniste de la couche, désormais connue dans un cadre géologique et environnemental, mais encore non définie du point de vue stratigraphique, sous le nom d'anthropocène. / For more than two centuries now, researchers from different backgrounds and disciplines have started studying and making topographical surveys of the Parisian underground.These different ways of studying urban thickness all inform this thesis. They are all analyzed from their very origins, which are often closely linked in an urban context. These methods include: geology, hydrology, archeology, topography, and what is currently called urban engineering. Urbanism, although it is often described as “the science of spatial organization in cities”, can seldom yield as much temporal and spatial information as these various approaches can when put together. This thesis proposes to present and quantify several long-term evolutions, traced through a series of “urban measurements” performed over time by a Geographical Information System, which was designed for the purposes of a diachronic study. The system here specifically targets urban verticality. It has resulted in the creation of many original maps of ground and ground-water movement.Based on these maps, which include historical, environmental and tridimensional topography, two analyses are then conducted.The first deals with understanding the construction of an urban project in the 19th century - up until the “grands travaux” - by looking at space measurement and available representations. A specific chronology is then proposed.The second analysis offers to compile information concerning the thickness of the urban underground and its evolution through time. This could then dispense information to urban databases, many of which are currently based on an urban space fragmented by plots.The model thus built serves to contribute and to give new research perspectives, to the study of Parisian preindustrial morphology, and industrial archeology, and more generally the urban approach of the layer - known in geological and environmental contexts, but which has yet to be defined from a statigraphic point of view - under the name anthropocene.

In this work, we test two novel methods of using word embeddings to detect lexical semantic change, attempting to overcome limitations associated with conventional approaches to this problem. Using a diachronic corpus spanning over a hundred years, we generate word embeddings for each decade with the intention of evaluating how meaning changes are represented in embeddings for the same word across time. Our approach differs from previous works in this field in that we encode words as probabilistic Gaussian distributions and bimodal probabilistic Gaussian mixtures, rather than conventional word vectors. We provide a discussion and analysis of our results, comparing the approaches we implemented with those used in previous works. We also conducted further analysis on whether additional information regarding the nature of semantic change could be discerned from particular qualities of the embeddings we generated for our experiments. In our results, we find that encoding words as probabilistic Gaussian embeddings can provide an enhanced degree of reliability with regard to detecting lexical semantic change. Furthermore, we are able to represent additional information regarding the nature of such changes through the variance of these embeddings. Encoding words as bimodal Gaussian mixtures however is generally unsuccessful for this task, proving to be not reliable enough at distinguishing between discrete senses to effectively detect and measure such changes. We provide potential explanations for the results we observe, and propose improvements that can be made to our approach to potentially improve performance.

Vom 18. bis 20. September 2014 kam die Gruppe der JungslavistInnen zu ihrem 23. Treffen in Dresden zusammen. Die Tagung, die am Institut für Slavistik an der TU Dresden stattfand, beinhaltete ein breites Spektrum an Beiträgen aus der synchronen und diachronen Linguistik, Semantik und Pragmatik, Kontaktlinguistik und Kleinsprachenforschung. Präsentiert wurden außerdem Arbeitsergebnisse aus den Bereichen der Schriftlinguistik, genderorientierten Sprachwissenschaft sowie kulturwissenschaftlichen Linguistik. Die ausgewählten Aspekte und Problematiken der linguistischen Forschung wurden an zahlreichen Beispielen aus der Ost-, West- und Südslavia illustriert.

Mgr. Andrea Svobodová Komplexní studium Rukopisu dzikovského se zam ením na grafickou, jazykovou a textovou analýzu eské sbírky kázání A Comprehensive Study of The Dzikowian Manuscript Focusing on a Graphic, Language and Textual Analysis of the Czech Postil Abstract The thesis submits a comprehensive philological analysis of the Dzikowian Manuscript, an insufficiently explored late medieval manuscript containing two postils, de tempore in Latin and de sanctis in Old Czech. The thesis aims to specify the place of this work in the context of medieval preaching, to critically review the previous research and to find new paths of research in evaluating this work. It is divided into three chapters, their common topic being attribution of both the postils on the grounds of codicological, content, and especially language features. Special emphasis is put on description of non-standard language phenomena, their interpretation being a key factor for transcription rules (one of the main results achieved apart from precising probable dating and localisation is a complete transcription of the Old Czech postil). The phenomena described enrich the existing inventory of deviations from the standard language and call for relating to other sources traditionally categorised as dialectal and thus for elaborating diachronic...

This thesis deals with the origin and development of stone sarcophagi in the Old Kingdom. Based on documentation of finds and their statistical processing aims to characterize the main diachronic trends in specific social classes of ancient Egyptian society.