En Amérique du Nord, les pratiques actuelles de conception de l’industrie de la construction suscitent de nombreux et importants problèmes, tant au niveau environnemental, que social et économique. Certaines tendances conceptuelles, telles que l’industrialisation de la construction, le bâtiment vert, l’approche diachronique et la rationalisation spatiale proposent des moyens afin de répondre à cette problématique. La conception synchronique, qui ne se base encore que sur des besoins immédiats, produit des bâtiments statiques qui ne peuvent accommoder l’évolution des besoins. En plus de la phase d’usage qui se révèle la plus coûteuse en termes de consommation d’énergie, d’eau, de matériaux et de génération de déchets, le bâtiment statique est amené à subir de nombreuses rénovations, profondément délétères pour l’environnement et la situation économique des ménages. Dans une perspective d’opérationnalisation du développement durable, la problématique de recherche concerne la considération de la phase d’usage dans le processus conceptuel de l’habitation. Dans l’optique de favoriser une conception plutôt diachronique, 55 projets de rénovation résidentiels ont été analysés et comparés afin de décrire la nature et l’intensité des interventions effectuées. L’examen des plans avant/après rénovation a permis de quantifier le niveau d’intensité des interventions et ainsi, mettre en relief certaines tendances et récurrences des pratiques actuelles. Dans le but de valider si le bâtiment vert est en mesure de répondre aux enjeux environnementaux contemporains de l’habitation, les contenus de trois programmes de certification utilisés en Amérique du Nord, à savoir BOMA-BESt®, LEED®, et Living Building ChallengeTM, sont analysés. Une classification des stratégies proposées montre la répartition des préoccupations envers le bâtiment, les systèmes et l’usager. Une analyse permet de mettre en relief que les considérations semblent, de façon générale, cohérentes avec les impacts associés à l’habitation. Un examen plus ciblé sur la teneur et les objectifs des stratégies considérant l’usager permet l’émergence de deux ensembles thématiques : les cinq sources potentielles d’impacts (énergie, eau, matériaux, déchets et environnement intérieur), ainsi que les quatre thèmes reliés aux objectifs et aux finalités des stratégies (entretien et surveillance; sensibilisation et formation; modélisation et mesurage; comportement et habitude). La discussion a permis d’émettre des pistes d’écoconception pour permettre à l’habitation d’accommoder l’évolution des besoins des occupants, à savoir la « démontabilité », l’aptitude à l’évolution et l’accessibilité. Des recommandations, telles que la nécessité de mieux prendre en compte l’usager comme facteur d’influence des impacts occasionnés par la phase d’usage, sont ensuite proposées. D’autres suggestions appellent à une concrétisation de la performance en suscitant l’implication, l’engagement, la responsabilisation et l’autonomisation des occupants. Enfin, il semble que certaines modifications des programmes de certification et de la législation en vigueur pourraient favoriser l’émergence d’une vision nouvelle concernant la nécessaire réduction de la superficie habitable. Toutes ces opportunités d’amélioration ont le potentiel de mener ce secteur vers une démarche plus globale et systémique, tout en bonifiant de façon majeure les implications environnementales, économiques et sociales de l’habitation. / In North America, construction industry design practices are linked to varied and important environmental, economic, and social concerns. Conceptual trends, like the industrialization of construction, green building, the diachronic approach, and spatial rationalization have proposed to address these issues. Synchronic housing design, still based only on present-day needs, generates static buildings that cannot accommodate needs that evolve over time. Furthermore, during the use phase, which reveals itself as the most costly in terms of energy, water, materials consumption, and waste generation, static buildings may undergo various renovations that are profoundly deleterious, both to the environment and the household’s economic situation. From a perspective that seeks to operationalize sustainable development, the research problem concerns the consideration of the use phase in the housing design process. In order instead to foster diachronic design, fifty-five residential renovation projects were analyzed and compared in order to describe the nature and intensity of their interventions. A review of before/after renovation plans allowed quantification of intervention intensity and highlighted certain trends and recurrences among current practices. In order to determine if green building can respond to contemporary environmental issues in housing, a content analysis of strategies proposed by three certification programs used in North America—BOMA-BESt®, LEED®, and Living Building ChallengeTM—is conducted. Classification of these strategies reveals the distribution of concerns regarding building, systems, and user. An analysis shows, generally, that considerations seem consistent with the impacts associated with housing. An examination focused on the content and objectives of those design strategies which consider the user yields the emergence of two thematic clusters: five potential sources of impacts (energy, water, materials, waste, and indoor environment) and four themes linked to the design strategies’ objectives and purposes (maintenance and monitoring; awareness and training; modeling and metering; behaviour and habit). Discussion permitted the formulation of ecological design criteria, such as disassembly, updatability, and accessibility, to allow for housing that accommodates occupants’ changing needs. Recommendations are proposed, such as the need for better consideration of the user phase in order to make it more consistent with the impacts it generates. Other suggestions call for making building performance more concrete by encouraging the involvement, commitment, accountability, and empowerment of occupants. Finally, it seems that particular changes in certification programs and legislation could encourage the emergence of a new, much-needed vision for total floor area reduction. All these opportunities for improvement seek to lead the sector toward a more holistic approach and to improve significantly the environmental, economic, and social implications of housing.

The aim of this study was to detect and describe the trends in shape variability of proximal and distal human tibia related to sex, age, social status and time period. The variability of its shape and form was analysed first in an early medieval sample, then in two modern populations, an early 20th century sample and the contemporary Czech population. Finally, data from the whole studied time span were analysed. The initial raw data were acquired by optical scanning and computed tomography (CT) scanning of the lower limbs; the three-dimensional bone surfaces of the contemporary tibias were segmented from the clinical CT scan sequences. Geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistical methods were applied to study the variations in shape and form quantitatively. Proximal and distal tibias were evaluated independently, and the potential influence of sex, age at death and time period were investigated. In the early medieval population, we also explored the relationship between tibial morphology and presumed social status derived from the respective grave location within the settlement. Because traditional morphometric analysis revealed statistically significant sex differences in the parameters of both tibial extremities (e.g., Steyn and Işcan, 1997; Šlaus et al., 2013), we thus assumed the...

Le paysage urbain contemporain tunisien, caractérisé par une forte hétérogénéité paysagère s’interroge quant aux facteurs de son émergence. La ville de Monastir en constitue un bon exemple d’analyse des transformations urbaines. Elle se caractérise, notamment, par un taux d’urbanisation élevée de 100% et une croissance différentielle dans le temps et dans l’espace. Cette recherche s’intègre dans les domaines de l’architecture, de l’urbanisme, de la syntaxe spatiale et de la planification territoriale. Elle s’interroge sur l’évolution du paysage urbain de la commune de Monastir (de 1956 à 2013). Le but est de chercher des indicateurs de visibilité quant à la dynamique de la commune dans son contexte d’hétérogénéité morpho-fonctionnelle. Ce travail a entrepris une logique progressive d’appréhension de l’ensemble de l’environnement urbain et de sa continuité culturelle. La mise en place d’une approche globale de la structure spatiale de la commune de Monastir qui porte, d’une part, sur l’analyse diachronique, et d’autre part, sur l’analyse synchronique, a permis de dégager plusieurs faits de paysages urbains. Ils se matérialisent, notamment, par l’identification de la genèse des centralités diffuses associée à des formes non hiérarchisées socio-spatiales. Ces disparités phénoménologues urbaines nous ont conduit à adapter la syntaxe spatiale pour mieux cerner la réalité de l’environnement de la commune de Monastir dans sa totalité où la médiation paysagère y prédomine. / The contemporary Tunisian urban landscape, characterized by a strong heterogeneity, wonders about the factors of its emergence. The city of Monastir is an excellent example of the analysis of urban transformations. This city is characterized, especially, by a high urbanization rate of 100% and differential growth in time and space. This research lies into the fields of architecture, urbanism, space syntax and territorial planning. This work questions the evolution of the urban landscape of the municipality of Monastir from 1956 to 2013. An objective is to search for a series of visibility indices on the city dynamics in its context of morphofunctional heterogeneity. This work undertook a gradual logic of apprehension of the urban environment and its cultural continuity.The establishment of a global approach to the spatial structure of the municipality of Monastir, on the diachronic analysis, and on the synchronic analysis, respectively, allowed us to model several facts of urban landscapes. This materializes, in particular, by identifying the genesis of diffuse centralities associated with non-hierarchical socio-spatial forms. These urban phenomenologists’ disparities have led us to adapt current spatial syntax measures in order to provide a better understanding of the reality of the whole environment of the municipality of Monastir, and where the landscape mediation dominates.

Este trabalho analisa diacronicamente o parâmetro do sujeito nulo no português do Brasil, mediante a utilização de documentação jurídica - mais especificamente, os depoimentos prestados em processos e inquéritos policiais. Defendemos que esse tipo de documentação consiste em significativa representação da língua falada para épocas pretéritas. Após, verificamos o que os dados neles contidos poderiam informar a respeito do parâmetro do sujeito nulo no português do Brasil na época em que foram produzidos, ou seja, final do século XIX e meados do século XX. Limitamo-nos ao estudo do parâmetro em questão apenas em orações subordinadas, mais especificamente no que denominamos encadeamento de subordinadas, estrutura muito comum no tipo de documento por nós estudado até hoje. Tal estrutura consiste em um grande número de orações subordinadas ligadas a uma mesma oração principal por meio do conectivo que. Por exemplo, \"a testemunhai disse que não cvi sabe quanto a autora tinha no Banco Mauá, [...]; que o que ellai ouvio dizer pelo finado Cavalheiro [...]\" Inicialmente, comparamos tais dados com aqueles contidos em estudo diacrônico clássico sobre o assunto, da autoria de Duarte (1993). Também verificamos o que poderiam nos informar se submetidos às hipóteses formuladas por Barbosa, Duarte e Kato (2005). A análise dos dados permite concluir pela existência de um comportamento esperado para o período analisado, mas ao mesmo tempo contém nuances indicativas das transformações pelas quais viria a passar o estatuto do sujeito nulo no Brasil. / This work analyzes diachronically the pro-drop parameter in Brazilian Portuguese through statements given in a court of law or during police investigation. We believe that this kind of document shows past spoken language. After concluding that these statements can really be a source of spoken language, we extracted data to guide us through the situation of the pro -drop parameter in Brazilian Portuguese, at the time the statements were taken - end of 19th century/middle of 20th century. We only studied subordinate clauses, in a structure we call subordinate clause chain, which is very common in the type of document we chose until today. It consists in many subordinate clauses connected to the same matrix clause by que [that]. E. g., \"a testemunhai disse [the witness said] que não cvi sabe quanto a autora tinha no Banco Mauá, [...]; [that she doesn\'t know how much the complainant had in Mauá Bank,...] que o que ellai ouvio dizer pelo finado Cavalheiro [...]\" [that what she heard the dead Cavalheiro say...] We compared these data with those which supported a classical study in the subject by Duarte (1993). And we also checked what they could inform us if submitted to the hypotheses created by Barbosa, Duarte and Kato (2005). We concluded that the data extracted from the corpus behave just as it was expected for that period of time, but with slight indications of the changes that would occur ahead in time in Brazil.

La concession est une relation logique « secondaire » complexe qui se nourrit de plusieurs notions de base : l’hypothèse, la temporalité, la causalité, la négation, l’intensité, la subjectivité, etc. En reliant toutes ces notions, nous traitons les quatre locutions concessives les plus utilisées ainsi que leurs homologues dérivés de la même série en chinois : ji shi « bien que » « même si », sui ran « bien que » « malgré » (et zong ran « bien que » « même si »), na pa « bien que » « même si », jiu shi « même si » (et jiu suan « bien que » « même si »). L’objectif de notre travail est d’explorer le mécanisme concessif dans ces deux langues typologiquement distantes et différentes. En nous inscrivant en principe dans la même ligne que A. Meillet (1912), R. Martin (1982 et 1987) et O. Soutet (1987, 1990 et 1992), etc., nos recherches démontrent non seulement l’évolution diachronique de ce marqueur concessif étudié, mais mettent également en évidence ses rapprochements avec certains connecteurs analogues français (tels que cependant, alors, si, ja, nonobstant, etc.) pendant leur processus de grammaticalisation d’une manière à la fois sémantico-logique et syntaxico-discursive. Notre étude comprend divers corpus allant du chinois archaïque au chinois moderne, ainsi que des méthodologies linguistiques pour classer et traduire les exemples choisis. Nous constatons une ressemblance frappante entre la combinaison des notions de base au cours de la formation du mécanisme concessif dans les deux langues étudiées. / The concession is a “secondary” or “composed” linguistic concept since it combines many fundamental linguistic notions: hypothesis, temporality, causality, negation, intensity, subjectivity, etc. By relating all these crucial notions, our research examines the four most used concessive markers as well as their homologues derived from the same series in Chinese: ji shi "although" "even if", sui ran "although" "despite" (and zong ran "although" "even if"), na pa "although" "even if", jiu shi "even if" (and jiu suan "although" "even if"), as well as their equivalents in French based on previous theories and analyses in the two languages. The aim of the work is to explore the concessive mechanism in these two languages that are typologically distant and different. In the same line as A. Meillet (1912), R. Martin (1982 and 1987) and O. Soutet (1987, 1990 and 1992), etc., our research not only demonstrates the historical evolution of the studied concessive markers, but also highlights its rapprochements with certain French concessive connectors (such as cependant, alors, bien, si, ja, nonobstant, etc.) during their grammaticalization processes from semantic-logical and syntactic-discursive points of view. Our study involves various corpuses from archaic to contemporary Chinese and French, as well as technical linguistic methodologies to categorize and translate the extracted examples. The results of our present research show surprising similarities in terms of the concessive evolution despite the enormous etymological and cultural divergences of the two studied languages.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GABRIELA dissertacao REVISADA FINAL.pdf: 962796 bytes, checksum: e0190a983df66b5ff21e810b793fabc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / This study aims at investigating the behavior of diphthongs in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and in Spanish from the Prata River region, under the synchronic and diachronic approaches. To develop the diachronic research, it was used bibliographic material, in which was taken the corpus consisted of data related to the historical path of diphthongs from Latin to BP and Spanish from the Prata River region. To discuss the functioning of diphthongs in the current dimension of the two languages, it was constituted two corpora taken from television programs (two from Brazil and two from Uruguay, being one from newscast and the other from an interview program for each country). The data relating to synchronous functioning have been heard, phonetically transcribed, and eventually analyzed. The results indicate the specificity of each language systems related to the behavior of vowel sequences, with prevalence of decreasing diphthongs in BP and rising diphthongs in Spanish from the Prata River region, which can be explained by the diachrony. It was also identified, as a characteristic of the BP system, the variation between the vowel sequence [ej] and the vowel [e] before rhotic consonant. The research was supported by the Stochastic Optimality Theory (Boersma & Hayes, 2001) / O presente estudo visa à investigação do comportamento dos ditongos no Português Brasileiro (PB) e no Espanhol do Prata (EP), sob os enfoques sincrônico e diacrônico. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa de base diacrônica, utilizou-se material bibliográfico, do qual se retirou o corpus constituído pelos dados relativos ao percurso histórico dos ditongos desde o Latim até o EP e o PB. Para a discussão do funcionamento dos ditongos na dimensão atual das duas línguas, foram constituídos dois corpora retirados de programas televisivos (dois do Brasil e dois do Uruguai, sendo um telejornal e um programa de entrevistas de cada país). Os dados referentes ao funcionamento sincrônico foram ouvidos e transcritos foneticamente e, por fim, analisados. Os resultados apontaram a especificidade de cada um dos sistemas linguísticos relativamente ao comportamento de sequências vocálicas, com a prevalência de ditongos decrescentes no PB e de ditongos crescentes no EP, o que pode ser explicado pela diacronia; também foi identificada, como particularidade do sistema do PB, a variação entre a sequência vocálica [ej] e a vogal [e] diante de consoante rótica. A pesquisa teve como suporte a Teoria da Otimidade Estocástica (Boersma & Hayes, 2001)

Esta Tese investiga um processo fonológico de elevação de vogais médias pretônicas no português sul-rio-grandense em textos escritos no século XIX. Acredita-se que alguns casos de presença de vogais <i> e <u> no lugar de <e> e <o>, com base na ortografia atual, possam ser indícios de um processo de elevação vocálica, de modo semelhante ao que ocorre em realizações da língua falada. Este trabalho propõe retratar a presença do processo de elevação de vogais médias pretônicas /e/ e /o/ no Rio Grande do Sul e propor uma metodologia para o trabalho em Fonologia Diacrônica, através de um levantamento e organização de corpora de textos oitocentistas, com base em estudiosos da Linguística Histórica (ROMAINE, 1982; LASS, 2000; SCHNEIDER, 2002; MONTGOMERY, 2007). O levantamento de dados em corpora de língua escrita baseou-se em fenômenos estudados em pesquisas sobre elevação de pretônicas, como a harmonia vocálica, a elevação em sílaba inicial e o caso de elevação sem motivação aparente (BISOL, 1981; BATTISTI, 1993; SCHWINDT, 1995, 2002; CASAGRANDE, 2003; KLUNCK, 2007; SILVA, 2012, dentre outros). Corpora variados de textos impressos são disponibilizados de forma digitalizada (fotografia) e inédita para a comunidade acadêmica e geral. Propõe-se discutir se as formas encontradas são casos de reflexos de oralidade ou possíveis ajustes a uma suposta norma escrita oitocentista em construção, através do confronto de ocorrências em gramáticas, dicionários e vocabulários oitocentistas. / This thesis investigates the pretonic mid vowel raising on written texts in Rio Grande do Sul in the nineteenth century. Based on current Brazilian Portuguese spelling, it is believed that some cases of the presence of vowels <i> and <u> replacing <e> and <o> may be clues from a vowel raising process like the same one that happens in spoken language. This paper intends to portray the presence of the raising of the pretonic mid vowels /e/ and /o/ in sul-rio-grandense Portuguese. Besides, it intends to propose specific methodology for diachronic phonology research through corpora organization, based on Historical Linguistics (ROMAINE, 1982; LASS, 2000; SCHNEIDER, 2002; MONTGOMERY, 2007). The data collection in written language corpora was based on phonological phenomena from the researches about pretonic mid vowel raising, such as vowel harmony, vowel raising in initial syllable and vowel raising with no apparent motivation (BISOL, 1981; BATTISTI, 1993; SCHWINDT, 1995, 2002; CASAGRANDE, 2003; KLUNCK, 2007; SILVA, 2012). Data were examined in grammar books and dictionaries from that century. This research discusses if the words found on the nineteenth century corpora reflect either the spoken language or the first writings of Brazilian Portuguese orthography from that time. Written texts corpora are available in a digital archive in this thesis.

Le sous-sol de Paris est reconnu et topographié depuis environ deux siècles par plusieurs disciplines. Dans cette thèse, nous avons retenu et analysé depuis leur genèses, souvent intimement liées sur le territoire urbain, ces disciplines de l’épaisseur : la géologie, l’hydrogéologie, l’archéologie, la topographie, puis ce que nous nommons actuellement le génie urbain. L’urbanisme, accepté comme « science de l’organisation spatiale des villes », possède peu de méthodes d’appréhension à même de synthétiser dans le temps et l'espace la diversité de ces approches. La méthode proposée par la thèse rend représentables et quantifiables plusieurs évolutions longues issues des « mesures de ville » étalées dans le temps, à travers un Système d’Information Géographique construit dans une perspective diachronique. Il concerne ici spécifiquement la verticalité. Plusieurs cartographies originales concernant le mouvement du sol et de la nappe phréatique en sont issues.Sur la base de ce support, intégrant la topographie historique, environnementale et tridimensionnelle de plusieurs disciplines urbaines, nous développons deux pistes d’analyse.La première est la compréhension de la construction du projet urbain au XIXe siècle jusqu’aux « grands travaux » à la lumière de la mesure de l’espace et des représentations disponibles. Une chronologie spécifique est proposée.La seconde est une proposition pour un récolement urbaniste souterrain appréhendant le temps long et l'épaisseur de la ville. Elle peut contribuer aux bases de données urbaines, actuellement en majorité construites sur un espace conçu comme parcellaire.Le modèle vise donc à fournir une contribution et de nouvelles pistes de recherches à la fois pour la morphologie préindustrielle de Paris, pour l’archéologie industrielle et plus généralement pour l'approche urbaniste de la couche, désormais connue dans un cadre géologique et environnemental, mais encore non définie du point de vue stratigraphique, sous le nom d'anthropocène. / For more than two centuries now, researchers from different backgrounds and disciplines have started studying and making topographical surveys of the Parisian underground.These different ways of studying urban thickness all inform this thesis. They are all analyzed from their very origins, which are often closely linked in an urban context. These methods include: geology, hydrology, archeology, topography, and what is currently called urban engineering. Urbanism, although it is often described as “the science of spatial organization in cities”, can seldom yield as much temporal and spatial information as these various approaches can when put together. This thesis proposes to present and quantify several long-term evolutions, traced through a series of “urban measurements” performed over time by a Geographical Information System, which was designed for the purposes of a diachronic study. The system here specifically targets urban verticality. It has resulted in the creation of many original maps of ground and ground-water movement.Based on these maps, which include historical, environmental and tridimensional topography, two analyses are then conducted.The first deals with understanding the construction of an urban project in the 19th century - up until the “grands travaux” - by looking at space measurement and available representations. A specific chronology is then proposed.The second analysis offers to compile information concerning the thickness of the urban underground and its evolution through time. This could then dispense information to urban databases, many of which are currently based on an urban space fragmented by plots.The model thus built serves to contribute and to give new research perspectives, to the study of Parisian preindustrial morphology, and industrial archeology, and more generally the urban approach of the layer - known in geological and environmental contexts, but which has yet to be defined from a statigraphic point of view - under the name anthropocene.

Esta Tese investiga um processo fonológico de elevação de vogais médias pretônicas no português sul-rio-grandense em textos escritos no século XIX. Acredita-se que alguns casos de presença de vogais <i> e <u> no lugar de <e> e <o>, com base na ortografia atual, possam ser indícios de um processo de elevação vocálica, de modo semelhante ao que ocorre em realizações da língua falada. Este trabalho propõe retratar a presença do processo de elevação de vogais médias pretônicas /e/ e /o/ no Rio Grande do Sul e propor uma metodologia para o trabalho em Fonologia Diacrônica, através de um levantamento e organização de corpora de textos oitocentistas, com base em estudiosos da Linguística Histórica (ROMAINE, 1982; LASS, 2000; SCHNEIDER, 2002; MONTGOMERY, 2007). O levantamento de dados em corpora de língua escrita baseou-se em fenômenos estudados em pesquisas sobre elevação de pretônicas, como a harmonia vocálica, a elevação em sílaba inicial e o caso de elevação sem motivação aparente (BISOL, 1981; BATTISTI, 1993; SCHWINDT, 1995, 2002; CASAGRANDE, 2003; KLUNCK, 2007; SILVA, 2012, dentre outros). Corpora variados de textos impressos são disponibilizados de forma digitalizada (fotografia) e inédita para a comunidade acadêmica e geral. Propõe-se discutir se as formas encontradas são casos de reflexos de oralidade ou possíveis ajustes a uma suposta norma escrita oitocentista em construção, através do confronto de ocorrências em gramáticas, dicionários e vocabulários oitocentistas. / This thesis investigates the pretonic mid vowel raising on written texts in Rio Grande do Sul in the nineteenth century. Based on current Brazilian Portuguese spelling, it is believed that some cases of the presence of vowels <i> and <u> replacing <e> and <o> may be clues from a vowel raising process like the same one that happens in spoken language. This paper intends to portray the presence of the raising of the pretonic mid vowels /e/ and /o/ in sul-rio-grandense Portuguese. Besides, it intends to propose specific methodology for diachronic phonology research through corpora organization, based on Historical Linguistics (ROMAINE, 1982; LASS, 2000; SCHNEIDER, 2002; MONTGOMERY, 2007). The data collection in written language corpora was based on phonological phenomena from the researches about pretonic mid vowel raising, such as vowel harmony, vowel raising in initial syllable and vowel raising with no apparent motivation (BISOL, 1981; BATTISTI, 1993; SCHWINDT, 1995, 2002; CASAGRANDE, 2003; KLUNCK, 2007; SILVA, 2012). Data were examined in grammar books and dictionaries from that century. This research discusses if the words found on the nineteenth century corpora reflect either the spoken language or the first writings of Brazilian Portuguese orthography from that time. Written texts corpora are available in a digital archive in this thesis.

Esta Tese investiga um processo fonológico de elevação de vogais médias pretônicas no português sul-rio-grandense em textos escritos no século XIX. Acredita-se que alguns casos de presença de vogais <i> e <u> no lugar de <e> e <o>, com base na ortografia atual, possam ser indícios de um processo de elevação vocálica, de modo semelhante ao que ocorre em realizações da língua falada. Este trabalho propõe retratar a presença do processo de elevação de vogais médias pretônicas /e/ e /o/ no Rio Grande do Sul e propor uma metodologia para o trabalho em Fonologia Diacrônica, através de um levantamento e organização de corpora de textos oitocentistas, com base em estudiosos da Linguística Histórica (ROMAINE, 1982; LASS, 2000; SCHNEIDER, 2002; MONTGOMERY, 2007). O levantamento de dados em corpora de língua escrita baseou-se em fenômenos estudados em pesquisas sobre elevação de pretônicas, como a harmonia vocálica, a elevação em sílaba inicial e o caso de elevação sem motivação aparente (BISOL, 1981; BATTISTI, 1993; SCHWINDT, 1995, 2002; CASAGRANDE, 2003; KLUNCK, 2007; SILVA, 2012, dentre outros). Corpora variados de textos impressos são disponibilizados de forma digitalizada (fotografia) e inédita para a comunidade acadêmica e geral. Propõe-se discutir se as formas encontradas são casos de reflexos de oralidade ou possíveis ajustes a uma suposta norma escrita oitocentista em construção, através do confronto de ocorrências em gramáticas, dicionários e vocabulários oitocentistas. / This thesis investigates the pretonic mid vowel raising on written texts in Rio Grande do Sul in the nineteenth century. Based on current Brazilian Portuguese spelling, it is believed that some cases of the presence of vowels <i> and <u> replacing <e> and <o> may be clues from a vowel raising process like the same one that happens in spoken language. This paper intends to portray the presence of the raising of the pretonic mid vowels /e/ and /o/ in sul-rio-grandense Portuguese. Besides, it intends to propose specific methodology for diachronic phonology research through corpora organization, based on Historical Linguistics (ROMAINE, 1982; LASS, 2000; SCHNEIDER, 2002; MONTGOMERY, 2007). The data collection in written language corpora was based on phonological phenomena from the researches about pretonic mid vowel raising, such as vowel harmony, vowel raising in initial syllable and vowel raising with no apparent motivation (BISOL, 1981; BATTISTI, 1993; SCHWINDT, 1995, 2002; CASAGRANDE, 2003; KLUNCK, 2007; SILVA, 2012). Data were examined in grammar books and dictionaries from that century. This research discusses if the words found on the nineteenth century corpora reflect either the spoken language or the first writings of Brazilian Portuguese orthography from that time. Written texts corpora are available in a digital archive in this thesis.