Cette thèse est conçue comme un préalable à l’édition critique et à l’interprétation des Dialogues d’Orasius Tubero. Elle consiste en 4 séries de recherches, dont les 3 premières ([I] recherches codicologiques et recherches bibliologiques [II] sur les anciennes éditions des Dialogues et [III] sur les exemplaires des deux premières) visent à reconstituer la genèse de leur texte tandis que la quatrième ([IV] recherches historiques) est consacrée aux modalités concrètes de leur composition, de leur impression, et de leur diffusion immédiate.La première partie présente en premier lieu une étude de l’écriture (graphie) du Philosophe fondée sur le recensement et l’examen de l’ensemble des documents explicitement autographes. L’identification de sa main permet (1) de reconnaître les notes inscrites par Le Vayer dans les volumes de sa bibiothèque mais aussi (2) dans les marges des manuscrits de ses œuvres et surtout (3) de distinguer clairement entre les inscriptions allographes et autographes présentent dans les différents exemplaires des premières éditions des Dialogues. Elle est donc indispensable à l’éditeur de ses œuvres. Ces recherches codicologiques offrent ensuite un essai d’histoire et de classement des trois manuscrits connus des Dialogues – dont deux sont antérieurs à leur première édition. La seconde est dédiée à l’analyse bibliologique et historique des cinq premières éditions du texte : la 1ère partielle de 1631 (A), la 2nde édition complète de 1633 (B), la 1ère réédition partielle de 1671 (C), la 2nde réédition partielle de 1673 (D) et la 1ère réédition complète de 1716 (E). Ces recherches permettent en particulier d’identifier leur lieu et date d’impression respectif, ainsi que l’imprimeur de A et B ; et de préciser les relations génétiques de tous les témoins du texte des Dialogues.La troisième est consacrée au recensement, à l’analyse bibliologique et la collation systématiques des exemplaires connus des premières éditions. Les résultats de ces recherches sont (1) la détermination approximative des tirages de A et B ; (2) la découverte d’annotations autographes dans tous ces exemplaires et la distinction, en ce qui concerne B, de 22 exemplaires ordinaires et de 7 exemplaires spéciaux, ainsi que (3) l’identification d’un exemplaire dans lequel se trouve le plus grand nombre de corrections autographes et qui doit donc servir à ce titre de base à l’édition critique et à l’interprétation des Dialogues.La quatrième a pour objet les conditions historiques de la composition, de l’impression et de la réception immédiate des Dialogues, lesquelles doivent avant tout reposer sur la biographie de leur auteur, c’est-à-dire sur l’interprétation d’un certain nombre de données chronologiques relatives aux principaux événements de sa vie publique et privée. Sur la base de ce cadre biographique on s’est intéressé, pour limiter la subjectivité de l’interprétation du texte, à leur nature (pures fictions, transpositions littéraires ou transcriptions de dialogues réels), à leur objet (philosophie sceptique de l’auteur ou conversations réelles d’un groupe d’amis érudits du philosophe) à leur fin (démonstrative ou mémoriale) ainsi qu’à leur statut. De cette dernière série de recherches il appert que les Dialogues d’Orasius Tubero, loin d’être une publication clandestine subversive, est une impression privée à usage privé qui était destinée aux amis de l’auteur et devait les aider à conserver la mémoire de conversations philosophiques passées. / This thesis is conceived as a preliminary study for the critical edition and interpretation of Dialogues faits à l’imitation des anciens by Orasius Tubero. It consists of four research projects, of which the first three ([I] codicological and bibliological research [II] on early editions of the Dialogues and [III] on copies of the first two editions) aim at reconstructing the genesis of their text, while the fourth ([IV] historical research) is devoted to the practical modalities of their composition, printing, and immediate reception.The first part presents a study of the Philosopher’s handwriting based on an inventory and examination of all the explicitly autograph documents. The identification of his handwriting allows (1) to identify the notes written by Le Vayer in books form his personal library, but also (2) in the margins of the manuscripts of his works and especially (3) to clearly distinguish the allograph and autograph inscriptions featured in the different copies of the first editions of the Dialogues. This identification is therefore essential to any publisher of his works. This codicological research then attempts to tell the history and provide a classification of the three known manuscripts of the Dialogues, two of which predate the first edition.The second part is devoted to the bibliological and historical analysis of the five early editions (1630-1716): the first partial edition of 1631 (A); the complete second edition of 1633 (B); the first partial reissue of 1671 (C); the second partial reissue of 1673 (D); and the first complete reissue of 1716 (E). This research makes it possible in particular to identify their respective place and date of printing, as well as the printer-publisher of A and B; and to clarify the genetic connections between all the witnesses of the text of the Dialogues.The third part is devoted to an inventory, systematic bibliological analysis and collation of known copies of the first editions. The findings of this research are (1) an estimate of the print runs of A and B; (2) the discovery of autograph annotations in all these copies and the distinction between 22 ordinary copies and 7 special copies of B, as well as (3) the identification of a copy in which was found the largest number of autograph corrections, which should therefore serve as a basis for the scholarly edition and interpretation of the Dialogues.The fourth concerns the historical conditions of the composition, printing and immediate reception of the Dialogues, based first of all on their author’s biography, in other words, on the interpretation of a certain number of chronological facts pertaining to the main events of their author’s public and private life. On the basis of this biographical framework, I have sought to limit the subjectivity of interpreting the texts by focusing on their nature (pure fiction, literary transpositions or transcripts of real dialogues), their subject (the author’s philosophical skepticism or real conversations of a group of the Skeptic’s erudite friends) and their purpose (demonstrative or memorial), as well as their status. From this last series of research projects, it appears that the Dialogues of Orasius Tubero, far from being a secret subversive publication, is a private printing meant for private use by the author’s friends, intended to allow them to preserve the memory of past philosophical conversations.

Allt fler rapporter visar att den psykiska ohälsan ökar bland ungdomar i Sverige och då främst bland flickor. Gymnasieskolan är en stor mötesplats för ungdomar och skolsköterskan är en viktig person då hon träffar alla ungdomar minst en gång under deras gymnasietid, i det av Skolverket fastställda hälsosamtalet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur elever inom gymnasieskolan vill att deras  skolsköterska ska arbeta hälsofrämjande och preventivt. Gymnasieelever vid två olika skolor i nordvästra Skåne intervjuades i två olika fokusgrupper.  Intervjumaterialet transkriberades och analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Efter resultatanalysen framkom tre kategorier: kommunikation, skolsköterskan som aktör på gymnasieskolan och interaktion. Faktorer som att  skolsköterskan skall finnas där, vara lättillgänglig och inge trygghet var viktiga för  gymnasieeleverna. Resultatet visar att skolsköterskan behövs inom gymnasieskolan men behöver synliggöra sitt arbete. Vidare forskning, både ur elevernas och ur skolsköterskans perspektiv behövs. Ungas ökade psykiska ohälsa finns högt på agendan i Sverige idag, ändå är skolsköterskan och elevhälsan på gymnasienivå ett område som fortfarande är outforskat. / Research is accumulating which indicates that mental illness is increasing among youth in Sweden and especially among female youth. Secondary school is a significant meeting place for young people and the school nurse is an important person as he or she meets with each youth at least once in the health conversation required by the school system. The goal of this study was to investigate how secondary school students want their school nurse to work in the promotion of health and prevention of illness. Students at two different secondary schools in south Sweden were interviewed in two different focus groups. The data procured from the interviews was transcribed and qualitatively analyzed. Three categories were derived from this analysis: communication, the school nurse's role in the secondary school and interaction. The students deemed that factors such as the presence of the nurse, the availability of the nurse and the nurse's ability to communicate safety  were important. The results indicated that the nurse is needed in the secondary school, but he or she also needs to make his or her work visible. More research is needed from both the perspective of the students and the nurses. Increasing the mental health of young people is a high priority in Sweden today. But the school nurse and student health at the secondary level is still largely unresearched.

Thesis (DLitt (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Specific deceptive messages in Tshivenda were collected and subsequently analysed according to a methodology which is regularly used in deceptive message production. Forty deceptive messages were randomly collected from the following persons: teenage males and females and adult males and females. The main findings of the study can be summarized as follows: The respondents gave nine categories of reasons for their deceptive messages. The person involved in these deceptions are the deceivers (six categories of people) and the persons who have been deceived (seven categories of people). Extensive arguments have been utilized to strengthen the deceptive messages i.e. a total of 225 arguments. Various cues to deception have been extensively used i.e. 12 cues to deception which have been used 252 times. The four groups of people above have used these cues almost equally i.e. 61-65 cues per group. Cultural issues within deception have been given attention and nine different cultural issues have been found which have been used 46 times. The success rate of deception is not equal between the groups. The two female groups have a success rate of 75% while the male groups have a success rate of only 35%. Various other issues within message production in general have also received attention, i.e. plans which have been made to deceive as well as the complexity, type and quality of the plans. The action in deception has also been given attention, specifically message production and emotional appeals. Of the message effects mention can be made of relational and emotional effects, competence, appropriateness and effectiveness as well as politeness. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Spesifieke misleidende of bedrieglike boodskappe in Tshivenda is bymekaar gemaak en vervolgens ontleed volgens 'n metodologie wat algemeen gebruik word In misleidende boodskappe. Veertig misleidende boodskappe is van oral versamel van die volgende persone: jeugdige mans en vrouens, en volwasse mans en vrouens, Die hoof bevindinge van die studie kan soos volg saamgevat word: Die respondente het nege kategorieë van redes gegee vir hulle misleidende boodskappe. Die persone betrokke in hierdie misleidings is die misleier of bedrieër (ses kategorieë van mense) en die persone wat mislei is (sewe kategorieë van mense). Heelwat argumente is gebruik om die misleidende boodskappe te versterk, d.i. 'n totaal van 225 argumente. Verskeie aanwysings vir misleiding is ekstensief gebruik, d.i. 12 aanwysings vir misleiding is 252 kere gebruik. Die vier groepe deelnemers hierbo het hierdie aanwysings omtrent ewe veel gebruik, d.i. tussen 61 - 65 aanwysings per groep. Kulturele aangeleenthede in misleiding het ook aandag gekry en nege verskillende kulturele sake is gevind in die dialoë wat altesame 46 keer gebruik is. Die sukseskoers van misleiding is nie ewe sterk tussen die groepe nie. Die twee vroulike groepe het 'n sukseskoers van 75% terwyl die manlike groepe 'n sukseskoers van slegs 35% het. Verskeie ander sake in boodskapproduksie oor die algemeen is ook onder die loep geneem w.o. planne wat gemaak is om te mislei, asook die kompleksiteit, tipe en kwaliteit van die planne. Die handeling in misleiding het ook aandag geniet, spesifiek boodskapproduksie en emosionele aangeleenthede in misleiding. Van die boodskapeffekte kan melding gemaak word van die relasionele en emosionele effekte van misleiding, kompetensie, toepasllkheid en effektiwiteit sowel as beleefdheid in misleiding.

Adaptive tutorial dialogues have been successfully employed by ITSs to facilitate deep learning of conceptual domain knowledge. But none of the approaches used for generating dialogues have been used across instructional domains and tasks. The objective of this project was twofold: (i) to propose a general model that provides adaptive dialogue support in both well- and ill-defined instructional tasks (ii) to explore whether adaptive tutorial dialogues are better than non-adaptive dialogues in acquiring domain knowledge. Our model provides adaptive dialogue support by identifying the concepts that the student has most difficulty with, and then selecting the tutorial dialogues corresponding to those concepts. The dialogues are customised based on the student’s knowledge and explanation skills, in terms of the length and the exact content of the dialogue. The model consists of three parts: an error hierarchy, tutorial dialogues and rules for adapting them. We incorporated our model into EER-Tutor, a constraint-based tutor that teaches database design. The effectiveness of adaptive dialogues compared to non-adaptive dialogues in learning this ill-defined task was evaluated in an authentic classroom environment. The results revealed that the acquisition of the domain knowledge (represented as constraints) of the experimental group who received adaptive dialogues was significantly higher than their peers in the control group with non-adaptive dialogues. We also incorporated our model into NORMIT, a constraint-based tutor that teaches data normalization. We repeated the experiment using NORMIT in a real-world class room environment with a much smaller group of students (18 in NORMIT study vs 65 in EER-Tutor study) but did not find significant differences. We also investigated whether our model could support dialogues in logical database design and fraction addition using paper-based methods. Our evaluation studies and investigations on paper indicated that our model can provide adaptive support for both ill-and well-defined tasks associated with a well-defined domain theory. The results also indicated that adaptive dialogues are more effective than non-adaptive dialogues in teaching the ill-defined task of database design.

A presente pesquisa envolve a análise de trabalhos que realizei entre 2012-2018 relacionados às questões da cidade contemporânea e à perda gradual de sua capacidade de promover encontros. Discuto como, na sociedade urbana contemporânea, espaços propícios ao encontro e à troca entre alteridades, tais como calçadas, praças e parques foram sendo substituídos por experiências individualizadas, praticadas em ambientes assépticos e dirigidos ao consumo massivo. A partir dessas inquietações, investigo de que forma processos artísticos participativos e de caráter dialógico possibilitam a ocorrência de situações de encontro no espaço público, examinando a ocorrência de tais processos como microacontecimentos cotidianos. Meu interesse parte do entendimento de que os projetos, ações e inserções desenvolvidos se constituem como modos de subjetivação capazes de encaminhar a construção daquilo que entendo como poéticas da proximidade. / The present research involves the analysis of works that I performed between 2012-2018 related to contemporary city issues and the gradual loss of their capacity to promote meetings. I discuss how, in contemporary urban society, spaces conducive to meeting and exchanging between alterities, such as sidewalks, squares and parks were replaced by individualized experiences practiced in aseptic environments and directed to mass consumption. From these concerns, I investigate how participatory artistic processes and dialogical character enable the occurrence of situations of encounter in the public sphere, examining the occurrence of such processes as everyday micro events. My interest is based on the understanding that the projects, actions and insertions developed are forms of subjectivation capable of directing the construction of what I understand as poetics of proximity.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender, a partir de uma perspectiva composicional, sete crônicas de Machado de Assis. Publicadas entre setembro e outubro de 1886 no jornal Gazeta de Notícias, as crônicas A+B são uma junção de gêneros crônica, diálogo e paródia e de procedimentos retóricos estruturais estilização e paráfrase e não-estruturais intertextualidade, ironia e humor, tendo como base fundamental a tragicomédia. A partir das teorias de Julia Kristeva, Mikhail Bakhtin, Michel Foucault e Linda Hutcheon, a análise busca compreender os elementos composicionais e entender os efeitos de sentido que tornam essas crônicas fundamentais para a compreensão do conjunto de obras de Machado de Assis. À medida que a análise se desenvolveu, evidenciou-se a habilidade do grande do grande autor de apropriar-se de fontes canônicas e estabelecer relações de sentido entre elas e os diversos discursos políticos e casos noticiados no jornal nesse período. Por isso, justifica-se o título deste trabalho, Memórias do cotidiano e saberes sujeitados, pois, a partir de procedimentos retóricos estruturais e não estruturais, o autor desarticula os diversos discursos e saberes oficiais, utilizando-se de saberes cotidianos não-oficiais para evidenciar as incongruências e as inconsistências de saberes impostos como verdades. Essas evidências são elaboradas por meio de procedimentos técnico-estéticos que mostram a importância das crônicas em nossa literatura. / This work aims to understand, from a compositional perspective, seven of Machado de Assis` chronicles. Published between September and October of 1886 in the newspaper Gazeta de Notícias, the chronicles A + B are an amalgamation of genres - chronicle, dialogue and parody - and rhetorical structural procedures - styling and paraphrase - and non-structural - intertextuality, irony and humour, based on the tragicomedy. Established on the fundamental theories of Julia Kristeva, Mikhail Bakhtin, Michel Foucault and Linda Hutcheon, the analyzis tries to understand the compositional elements and the sense of effects that transform these chronicles in elementary factors to understand all Machado de Assis` works. As the analysis has developed, it showed up the ability of the great author of appropriating from canonical sources in order to establish relations between them and the various political speeches and reported cases in the newspaper from that period. This is the reason of the title of this work, Memórias do cotidiano e saberes sujeitados, therefore from rhetorical structural and non structural procedures, the author disarranges the various official speeches and knowledges using the daily non-official knowledges to highlight the incongruous and the inconsistencies of forced knowledges as \"truths\". Such evidences are produced through technical and aesthetic procedures that show the importance of chronicle in our literature.

Esta tese tem como objetivo a análise de fontes escritas nos contextos das missões jesuítas estabelecidas na corte mogol e no Tibete. Abordamos também a presença da Ordem em Bengala, tecendo relações entre esse espaço e as missões supracitadas. Nosso recorte cronológico cobre o período de 1570 até 1721, isto é, iniciamos nossas investigações na década que antecede o estabelecimento dos religiosos na corte de Akbar, e encerramos nossas análises no ano em que Ippolito Desideri deixa Lhasa. Concentramo-nos principalmente na questão da necessária relação entre as estratégias de conversão adotadas nessas missões e a (re) elaboração de categorias que indicassem e respaldassem o diálogo, a persuasão e o convencimento como os mais prudentes métodos catequéticos / In this thesis, we aim to analyze written sources produced by jesuits stablished at the Mughal court and in Tibet. We shall also approach the presence of the Order in Bengal, weaving relations between this space and the aforementioned missions. Our chronological limits concerns the period from 1570 to 1721, i.e., we began our investigations in the decade preceding the establishment of the jesuits in Akbars court, and resume our survey in Ippolito Desideris last year in Lhasa. We focus mainly on the necessary relationship between the conversion strategies adopted in these missions and the (re) elaboration of categories that indicate dialogue and persuasion as the most prudent catechetical method

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar ferramentas que fomentem a implementação de uma espécie de controle de constitucionalidade dialógico no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, de forma a mitigar a supremacia judicial ostentada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Para isso, foi organizado em três capítulos. Os dois primeiros dirigem-se a realizar uma abordagem comparada, por meio de um breve apanhado histórico e análise jurisprudencial, entre os sistemas constitucionais dos Estados Unidos, da Colômbia, da Costa Rica e do Brasil e entre os seus respetivos Tribunais imbuídos da função da realização do controle de constitucionalidade. Com isto, busca-se demonstrar o assentamento da supremacia judicial em uma visão mais ampla, bem como em uma realidade latino-americana. O terceiro capítulo, por sua vez, tem o escopo de explorar as diversas vertentes da teoria dos diálogos constitucionais, elaborar um conceito de diálogo substancial e, por fim, elaborar proposições de instrumentos dialógicos ainda não existentes no ordenamento jurídico pátrio, bem como sugerir a reformulação de alguns já existentes. O intuito primordial da parte final da dissertação é a busca da promoção de uma ressignificação do controle de constitucionalidade, de forma a democratiza-lo, mitigando a supremacia judicial, incluindo no debate sobre o significado da Constituição, além do Poder Judiciário, os Poderes Executivo e Legislativo, e a sociedade como um todo. / This master’s dissertation aims do present tools that provide the implementation of a kind of dialogic judicial review in the Brazilian legal framework, so as to mitigate the judicial supremacy displayed by the Supremo Tribunal Federal. In order to do that, it was organized in three chapters. The first two chapters carry out a comparative approach, through a short historical description e and jurisprudential analyses, between the American, the Colombian, the Costa Rican and the Brazilian constitutional systems and its respective Courts that perform judicial review. In that manner, it is the objective to demonstrate the settlement of judicial supremacy in a broad vision, and also in a Latin American reality. The third chapter, by its turn, aims to explore the different aspects of the constitutional dialogue theory, elaborate a concept of substantial dialogue and, in conclusion, elaborate propositions of dialogical instruments not yet existent in the native legal order, and also suggest a reformulation of others that already exist. The paramount intention of dissertation’s final part is the promotion of a resignification of judicial review, so as to democratize it, mitigating judicial supremacy, incorporating in the debate about the significance of the Constitution, other than the Judicial power, the Executive and the Legislative powers, and the society as a hole.

Esta tese tem como objetivo a análise de fontes escritas nos contextos das missões jesuítas estabelecidas na corte mogol e no Tibete. Abordamos também a presença da Ordem em Bengala, tecendo relações entre esse espaço e as missões supracitadas. Nosso recorte cronológico cobre o período de 1570 até 1721, isto é, iniciamos nossas investigações na década que antecede o estabelecimento dos religiosos na corte de Akbar, e encerramos nossas análises no ano em que Ippolito Desideri deixa Lhasa. Concentramo-nos principalmente na questão da necessária relação entre as estratégias de conversão adotadas nessas missões e a (re) elaboração de categorias que indicassem e respaldassem o diálogo, a persuasão e o convencimento como os mais prudentes métodos catequéticos / In this thesis, we aim to analyze written sources produced by jesuits stablished at the Mughal court and in Tibet. We shall also approach the presence of the Order in Bengal, weaving relations between this space and the aforementioned missions. Our chronological limits concerns the period from 1570 to 1721, i.e., we began our investigations in the decade preceding the establishment of the jesuits in Akbars court, and resume our survey in Ippolito Desideris last year in Lhasa. We focus mainly on the necessary relationship between the conversion strategies adopted in these missions and the (re) elaboration of categories that indicate dialogue and persuasion as the most prudent catechetical method

Esta tese apresenta a formalização, construção e validação experimental de um mecanismo de interação entre agentes baseado em valores de troca. Através do mecanismo de interação, os agentes são capazes de estabelecer, avaliar e regular os balanços de troca de suas interações, com o objetivo de alcançar resultados que eles valorizem, i.e., considerem adequados. Na formalização do mecanismo de interação são considerados diversos aspectos abordados nas Ciências Sociais, na Psicologia e em Teorias Utilitaristas. No mecanismo são observados, igualmente, os aspectos sociais e psicológicos que podem influenciar os resultados das interações entre os agentes. Desse modo, o mecanismo leva em consideração que os agentes podem construir suas estratégias levando em consideração as informações relacionadas com o “poder social” e as “atitudes” de interação. No mecanismo de interação recorre-se aos diálogos de argumentação com a finalidade de permitir que os agentes possam influenciar os seus parceiros em relação ao estabelecimento de acordos sobre os serviços e aos valores de troca envolvidos nas interações. Na validação experimental, o cenário utilizado foi o dos “Robôs Coletores de Lixo em Marte”. Através dos resultados obtidos, pode-se observar que o mecanismo de interação considera os valores de troca no processo de formação da cooperação, auxiliando os agentes na escolha de futuros parceiros. / This thesis presents the formalization, construction and validation of an interaction mechanism based on exchange values. Through the interaction mechanism, the agents are capable to establish, to evaluate and to regulate the balances of exchange of their interactions, with the objective of reaching the results that they consider adequate. In the formalization of the mechanism several aspects of Social Sciences, Psychology and Utilitarian Theories are considered. In the mechanism are observed the social and psychological aspects that can influence the results of the interactions between the agents. In this manner, the mechanism considers that the agents can build their strategies considering the information related to the social power and to interaction attitudes. In the mechanism the argument dialogs are used with the purpose to allow the agents to influence their partners in relation to the establishment of agreements about the services and about the exchange values involved in the interactions. In the validation, the scenario used was the “Garbage Collector Robots in Mars”. Through the obtained results, it was possible to observe that the interaction mechanism considers the values of exchange in the process of formation of the cooperation, helping the agents to choose their future partners.