Yes / Attempts to apply marketing theory and principles to place have become a legitimate area of academic and 'real world' practice. However, place marketing does not typically incorporate all elements of the traditional 7 Ps, focusing far too often on just one of these - promotion. Besides this rather myopic approach, place marketing suffers from an overly strategic view of the world that ignores the meaning and lived experience of places to individuals, especially residents. The purpose of this article is twofold - first, we investigate the impact of litter on place attitudes. Litter is a common, but negative, element of place, which is intimately connected to the lived experience of a place but typically far removed from the positive promotional activity favoured by place marketing efforts and the study thereof. In this sense, the article reframes place marketing from a strategic to a micro-marketing endeavour. We found that exposing respondents to litter significantly lowers their place attitudes. Our second contribution is to demonstrate the relevance of classic marketing research approaches, such as attitudinal measures, to investigate litter and its impact on place evaluations, through quasi-experimental design (with 662 respondents). Through this, we extend the range of theory and method applied in place marketing - away from controllable promotional endeavours investigated through case-studies to a more holistic and robust interpretation of place marketing, which has a measurable impact upon the places where people live and visit.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The welfare challenge that faces South Africa in the post-apartheid period is, at its core, defined by the high levels of poverty and inequality in the society. The labour market, as a provider of wages to individuals and ultimately households, remains the key transmitter of these poverty and inequality outcomes in the society. This specific line of reasoning is the underlying intellectual thrust of this thesis: namely that the state of poverty and inequality in a society is mirrored by, and perhaps more strongly - determined and shaped - by the state of its labour market. The thesis therefore focuses in the first instance on employment trends in South Africa since 1970, across two discrete time periods. The intention is to sketch the changing patterns of labour demand in South Africa, with a particular focus on how these patterns have yielded differential gains for different occupation, race, gender and education cohorts. Ultimately, these uneven employment patterns remain one of the most significant factors shaping South Africa's poverty and inequality challenges. The inequality challenge, so often thought of in terms of households only, is analysed here purely in terms of the employed. The starting point once again, is that it is precisely these earnings that contribute to the extraordinarily high inequality levels in South Africa. This analysis imparts information about the manner in which intra-employed wage inequality is structured and furthermore, how South Africa compares in the international context. A major contribution of the thesis is to, through more formal measures of poverty, apply these to labour market-defined individuals, rather than households, which is the norm in the literature. The point of departure is of course that poverty, or vulnerability, expresses itself through individuals in the labour market, and is thereby transmitted at the household level. Hence a significant component of the dissertation attempts a formal measurement and modelling of the degree of poverty and vulnerability in the South African labour market. These welfare challenges for a society though, should not only be analysed, but rather solved as well. Hence the final two chapters of the dissertation attempts to examine two very recent policy options mooted in South Africa, and through using simulation techniques, attempts to estimate both the costs and benefits of instituting these two alternatives which are explicitly aimed at reducing poverty, vulnerability and inequality in the society. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika se welvaartsvraagstuk in die na-apartheidsperiode word deur die hoë vlakke van armoede en ongelykheid in die samelewing bepaal. Die arbeidsmark, as voorsiener van lone aan individue en uiteindelik ook huishoudings, is die belangrikste bepaler van die oordrag van armoede- en ongelykheidsuitkomste in die samelewing. Die sleuteluitgangspunt van hierdie proefskrif is dat die stand van armoede en ongelykheid in 'n samelewing in sy arbeidsmark weerspieël en selfs daardeur bepaal en gevorm word. Die proefskrif fokus daarom veralop Suid- Afrikaanse indiensnemingstendense sedert die sewentigerjare, in twee diskrete periodes. Die doel is om die veranderende Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsvraagpatroon te skets, veral die ongelyke voordele wat hierdie patrone vir verskillende beroeps-, rasse-, gestags- en opvoedkundige groepe meegebring het. Hierdie ongelyke indiensnemingspatrone is uiteindelik belangrike determinante van Suid-Afrika se armoede- en ongelykheidsvraagstuk. Hierdie analise verskaf inligting omtrent die struktuur van loonongelykheid onder werkendes en hoe Suid-Afrika internasionaal vergelyk. 'n Belangrike bydrae is die toepassing van formele armoedemaatstawwe op individue in die arbeidsmark, eerder as die konvensionele toepassing op huishoudings. Die uitgangspunt is natuurlik dat armoede of weerloosheid in die arbeidsmark op die vlak van die individu ervaar word, en dat dit daarna na die huishouding oorgedra word. Daarom is 'n groot deel van die proefskrif op die formele meting en modellering van die omvangvan armoede en weerloosheid in die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsmark toegespits. Hierdie welsynsvraagstukke moet natuurlik nie net ontleed word nie, maar ook opgelos word. Daarom poog die laaste twee hoofstukke om die implikasies van twee onlangse beleidsvoorstelle te ontleed. Deur simulasietegnieke word probeer om die kostes en voordele van hierdie twee alternatiewe beleidsvoorstelle gemik op die vermindering van armoede, ongelykheid en weerloosheid in die samelewing te beraam.

Israël est l’un des pays développés les plus féconds dans le monde et maintient un taux de fécondité stable depuis 1995. Il a échappé à la chute spectaculaire de la fécondité qui a été observée dans la plupart des pays occidentaux. Le taux de fécondité était de 2,96 enfants par femme en 2009 (Statistical Abstract of Israel, 2010, tableau 3.14). Le maintien d’une si forte fécondité pourrait être dû à l’immigration et à la “guerre démographique” qui sévit entre les différentes communautés vivant dans le pays (Sardon, 2006). Toutefois, on observe une différence significative entre les niveaux de fécondité des juifs d’Israël et de Cisjordanie depuis plusieurs années. Les études qui portent sur la fécondité en Israël sont faites au niveau national, ce qui ne fournit aucune explication sur cette différence. Pour ces raisons, l’étude de la fécondité en Israël mérite une attention particulière. Ce projet vise à identifier les différents facteurs qui ont une incidence sur la fécondité des femmes juives vivant en Israël et en Cisjordanie. Il contribuera à une meilleure compréhension des comportements liés à la fécondité de la population juive de la Cisjordanie et peut fournir des indices sur les mécanismes complexes qui régissent les relations entre Juifs et Arabes dans les territoires occupés. Grâce aux données recueillies dans l’Enquête sociale générale de 2004 d’Israël,des analyses descriptives et explicatives ont été produites. Dans un premier temps, les facteurs qui ont un impact sur la fécondité dans chaque région ont été déterminés et par la suite, une analyse de l’importance de ces facteur sur la fécondité a été produite. Le nombre d’enfants nés de femmes âgées de 20 à 55 ans constitue la variable d’intérêt et les variables explicatives retenues sont les suivantes: religiosité, éducation, revenu familial mensuel, statut d’emploi, pays d’origine, âge et état matrimonial. Cette étude a montré que les femmes juives qui résident en Cisjordanie ont un nombre prévu d’enfants de 13% supérieur à celui des femmes juives qui résident en Israël lorsque l’on contrôle toutes les variables. Il est notamment montré que la religion joue un rôle important dans l’explication de la forte fécondité des femmes juives dans les deux régions, mais son impact est plus important en Israël. L’éducation joue également un rôle important dans la réduction du nombre prévu d’enfants, en particulier en Cisjordanie. Tous ces facteurs contribuent à expliquer les différents niveaux de fécondité dans les deux régions, mais l’étude montre que ces facteurs ne permettent pas une explication exhaustive de la forte fécondité en Israël et en Cisjordanie. D’autres forces qui ne sont pas mesurables doivent avoir une incidence sur la fécondité telles que le nationalisme ou la laïcisation, par exemple. / Israel is one of the most fertile developed countries in the world and has had a stable fertility rate since 1995. The country avoided the dramatic fall in fertility that has been observed in most Western countries. The fertility rate was of 2.96 children per woman in 2009 (Statistical Abstract of Israel, 2010, table 3.14). Maintaining such a high fertility level could be due to immigration and the “demographic war” between the different communities living in the country (Sardon, 2006). However, a significant difference between the levels of fertility of the jewish population of Israel and the West Bank has been observed for several years. In the literature, studies of fertility in Israel are conducted at a national level, which neither reveals nor explains the difference. Accordingly, Israel’s high fertility deserves a particular attention. This project aims to identify the different factors that affect the fertility of Jewish women living in Israel and in the West Bank. It will contribute to a better understanding of the fertility behavior of the Jewish population of the West Bank and may shed light on the complex mechanisms that govern the relations between Jews and Arabs in the Occupied Territories. With data collected in the General Social Survey of Israel of 2004, descriptive and explanatory analyses were produced. In the first part, factors influencing fertility in each region have been determined and an analysis of the importance of each factor on fertility was conducted in the second part. The outcome of interest is the number of children ever born to women aged 20 to 55 and the independent variables are: religiosity, education, monthly family income, employment status, country of origin, age and marital status. This study showed that Jewish women residing in the West Bank have an expected number of children 13% higher than their counterparts residing in Israel. It is also shown that the intensity of religious interest plays an important role in explaining the high fertility of Jewish women in both regions but its impact is more important in Israel. Education also plays an important role in reducing the expected number of children, especially in the West Bank. All of these factors contribute to explaining the different fertility levels in the two regions but the study shows that these factors do not provide an exhaustive explanation of higher fertility in the West Bank. There must be other forces that have an impact on fertility but which are not measurable such as nationalism or secularization, for example.

This thesis focuses upon how to calculate local components of Weil differentials of an elliptic function field. Because Weil differentials constitute a one-dimension vector space then one Weil differential is fixed. An algorithm calculating a local component is developed for the fixed one. The first algorithm computes local components of places of degree one. It is based upon elementary properties of local components. The definition of the Weil differential does not say enough about why it is defined in this way and about why it is useful. Thus there is the relationship between the Weil differential and some objects from complex analysis like the Laurent series and the residue. It provides a better understanding of properties of the Weil differential. The result of this thesis are other two algorithms calculating local components of Weil differentials. The algorithms employ the residue. 1

Consumer price index captures the changing costs of the consumer basket of a typical household. Despite differences in spending patterns, change in con- sumer price index is used as a measure of inflation for the whole population. The aim of this thesis is to assess how close to the official inflation rate house- holds are and determine which groups have significantly different inflation. Using the Czech data from the Household Budget Survey over the 1990-2012 period we calculated specific inflation for each household in our sample. We first found out that on average only two thirds of households are close to the official inflation rate, which led us to the construction of subgroup price indices. In the empirical part, we examined the effect of household characteristics on inflation by applying the fixed effects estimation. We found that low-income households, pensioners, households in urban areas and households with few members have higher than average inflation.

This thesis examines inter-industry wage differentials in the Czech Republic, using the European Union - Statistics on Income and Living (EU-SILC 2009) survey as our primary data source. Findings show that even after controlling for large number of workers and jobs characteristics wage differences based on industry affiliation still persist. The variation of the inter-industry wage differentials amounts to approximately 5 percent with the maximum wage level difference of 25 percent between the financial sector and agriculture. By applying two distinct methodologies we tested the hypothesis that the inter-industry wage differentials are actually caused by higher concentration of workers with better unmeasured abilities in higher-paying industries. Neither of the two methods rejected the unobserved ability hypothesis. Finally, our analysis also shows that the inter-industry wage differentials can be to a certain extent attributed to rent-sharing and different labour turnover costs across sectors.

A presente tese tem por objetivo geral apresentar dois ensaios sobre os acidentes do trabalho à luz da teoria dos diferenciais salariais compensatórios sobre os empregos de risco no Brasil. Para tanto, a partir da base de dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), fornecida pelo Ministério do Trabalho (MT), são construídas variáveis relacionadas às taxas de ocorrência de acidentes do trabalho (fatal, lesão e doença) para as subclasses da Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas (CNAE). No primeiro, intitulado \"O Valor estatístico de uma vida: estimativas para o Brasil\", é calculado o valor estatístico de uma vida para diferentes amostras de trabalhadores (homens, mulheres e trabalhadores blue-collars) com o objetivo de fornecer um parâmetro financeiro referente às indenizações a serem pagas a trabalhadores (e às suas famílias, em caso de acidentes fatais) que sofreram algum dos tipos de acidentes listados anteriormente no exercício de sua atividade laboral. No segundo ensaio, intitulado \"O impacto da \"Lei do Descanso\" nas horas trabalhadas, nos salários e nos acidentes não-fatais do trabalho dos caminhoneiros brasileiros\", é estimado o método de diferenças em diferenças generalizadas para avaliar se a Lei de Descanso, implementada em 2012 no Brasil, visando regular a jornada diária de trabalho e de descanso dos caminhoneiros brasileiros, com o intuito de melhorar as condições de trabalho e de reduzir os acidentes envolvendo estes profissionais, gerou diferenças estatísticas nas horas mensais trabalhadas, nos salários e nos acidentes não-fatais do trabalho (por lesão ou doença) destes trabalhadores. / The purpose of this thesis is to present two essays on labor accidents in the light of the theory of compensatory wage differentials on hazardous jobs in Brazil. To do so, based on the data base of the \"Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), provided by the Ministry of Labor (MT), I use variables related to the rates of occurrence of labor accidents (fatal, injury and illness) constructed for the subclasses of the \"Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas\" (CNAE). In the first essay, entitled \"The Value of a Statistical Life: Estimates for Brazil\", the value of a statistical life is estimated for different samples of workers (men, women and blue-collar workers) with the objective of providing a financial parameter related to the indemnities to be paid to workers (and their families in case of fatal accidents) who suffered any of the types of accidents listed, previously, in the exercise of their work activity. In the second essay, entitled \"The Impact of the \"Rest by Law\" on hours worked, wages, and non-fatal accidents of Brazilian truck drivers\", the method of generalized differences-in-differences is estimated to assess whether the \"Rest by Law\", implemented in 2012 in Brazil, aimed to properly regulate the daily work of the Brazilian truck drivers, with the purpose of improving their working conditions and reducing accidents involving these professionals, generated statistical differences on monthly hours worked, in wages and in non-fatal accidents of work (injury or illness) of these workers.

Le taux de scolarisation dans l'enseignement supérieur au Cambodge augmente rapidement dans les deux dernières décennies. Cette augmentation est associée, pourtant, avec des inquiétudes sur la difficulté des diplômés à trouver des emplois correspondant à leur niveau et domaine d'études, ce que l'on appelle les inadéquations verticales et horizontales.Cette thèse vise à examiner les impacts des inadéquations éducatives dans les pays en développement avec un accent particulier sur le Cambodge.Le chapitre 1 examine le lien entre les risques des inadéquations et la durée du chômage. Théoriquement, en supposant que les chercheurs d'emploi ne peuvent accéder qu'à des informations imparfaites sur les offres d'emploi disponibles, les individus font face à deux choix alternatifs : accepter la première offre d'emploi qui pourrait être inadéquate à leur qualification ou rester au chômage pour attendre un emploi plus adéquat. En revanche, si les travailleurs sont hétérogènes et les opportunités d'emplois sont limitées, il est possible que certains travailleurs ne parviennent pas à trouver une position adéquate et restent au chômage pour une durée plus longue.Ce chapitre contribue à la littérature sur trois points. Premièrement, nous étendons la recherche au pays en développement. Deuxièmement, nous tenons compte l’endogénéité des inadéquations éducatives et considérons ces inadéquations dans les deux formes et dans toutes les dimensions. Troisièmement, nous proposons une analyse sous deux angles : un modèle théorique et empirique appliquée sur une enquête en 2011 auprès de dix-neuf universités au Cambodge. Les résultats soulignent que la durée du chômage augmente avec les risques d'inadéquations éducatives.Le chapitre 2 examine si les inadéquations diminuent les salaires. Il existe un consensus théorique sur l’impact négatif des inadéquations sur le salaire. En effet, travailler dans un emploi inadéquat ne permettrait pas les travailleurs d'exploiter leurs compétences potentielles, et par conséquent, ils seraient moins productifs et gagneraient moins (Sattinger, 1993). Pourtant, des limites existent encore dans les études empiriques.Ce chapitre contribue à la littérature en trois points. Premièrement, il analyse un autre cas de pays en développement, alors que les études existantes concernent les pays relativement plus avancés. Deuxièmement, il analyse les effets combinés des inadéquations verticales et horizontales. Troisièmement, nous tenons compte le problème du biais de sélection en proposant un modèle de Heckman ordonné, appliqué sur les données d’enquêtes en 2014 de huit universités au Cambodge. Les résultats économétriques nous permettent de conclure que le salaire diminue avec le niveau des inadéquations.Le chapitre 3 examine les impacts de la suréducation sur la croissance économique au sein de trente-huit pays en développement. D’un point de vue théorique, deux approches s’affrontent. D’abord, la productivité d'un travailleur dépend à la fois des attributs du travail et des caractéristiques individuelles. Ainsi, les travailleurs suréduqués sont plus productifs que leurs collègues dans le même emploi, ce qui est favorable à la croissance économique. Pourtant, les travailleurs suréduqués peuvent être insatisfaits de leur travail, ce qui induit des comportements contre-productifs tels que des taux élevés d'absentéisme et de roulement, et donc négatif pour la croissance.Ce chapitre contribue à la littérature en deux points. Premièrement, ce chapitre contribue en termes de données sur le taux de suréducation dans des différents pays en développement, ce qui permet d’analyser les impacts de la suréducation au niveau macroéconomique sur ces pays. Deuxièmement, ce chapitre traite l'hétérogénéité non observée des pays et l'endogénéité de la suréducation en employant la méthode des moindres carrés en deux étapes avec des effets fixes. Le résultat montre que la suréducation a un effet négatif sur la croissance / The enrollment rate in higher education in Cambodia has risen rapidly in the last two decades. Nevertheless, concerns on the graduates' employability exist: University graduates seem to be more and more struggled to find jobs corresponding to their level and field of education, the so-called vertical and horizontal mismatches.This thesis aims at examining the impacts of educational mismatches among graduates in developing countries with a special attention to the Cambodia's case.Chapter 1 examines the relation between education-job mismatches and unemployment duration among graduates in Cambodia. Theoretically, by assuming that job seekers can only access to limited information about the available job opportunities, they face two alternative choices between accepting the first job offer that can be mismatched to their qualification and staying unemployed to wait for a better suitable job. In contrast, if workers are heterogeneous and the job opportunities are limited, it is possible that some workers may fail to find a matched position and stay unemployed for a longer duration.This chapter contributes to the literature in three points. First, we extend the research into the developing country. Second, we take into account the endogeneity of educational mismatches and consider them in their both forms and all dimensions: Vertical or horizontal, single or double mismatch. Third, we propose an analysis from two angles: A theoretical model and an empirical model applied on a survey data in 2011 from nineteen higher education institutions (HEI) in Cambodia. The results underline that unemployment duration increases with the risks of mismatches.Chapter 2 examines whether education-job mismatches lower individual wages. There exists a theoretical consensus on the negative impact of mismatches on wages. Indeed, working in a mismatched job would not allow workers to exploit their potential skills, and consequently they would be less productive and earn less than if they were employed in a matched occupation. Yet, some limits remain in empirical studies.Hence, this chapter contributes to the literature in three points. First, it analyzes another case of developing country, while the existing studies focus on relatively more advanced countries. Second, it analyzes the combination effects of vertical and horizontal mismatches. Third, we take into account the selection bias problem by proposing an ordered Heckman model applied on a survey data from eight HEI in Cambodia in 2014. The econometric results allow us concluding that wages decrease with the level of mismatches.Chapter 3 examines the impacts of overeducation on economics growth in thirty-eight developing countries. Two theoretical approaches confront each another. First, a worker's productivity depends on both job attributes and individual characteristics. Thus, overeducated workers are more productive than their counterparts in the same job, which is good for the economic growth. In contrast, overeducated workers may be dissatisfied with their jobs, which induces to counterproductive behaviors, such as high rates of absenteeism and turnover, that is bad for the growth outcome.Hence, this chapter contributes to the literature in two points. First, this chapter contributes in terms of data, allowing to analyze the impacts of overeducation on economic growth in developing countries. Second, this chapter deals with unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity of overeducation by employing two-stage least squares regression with country fixed-effects. The results show that overeducation has a negative impact on economic growth

Diese Arbeit besteht aus empirischen und methodischen Beiträgen zur Literatur über den deutschen Lohnunterschied zwischen Männern und Frauen. Bisher war es aus Mangel an geeigneten Daten nicht möglich, den potentiellen Einfluss von Arbeitgebern bzw. Firmen auf diesen Lohnunterschied zu untersuchen. Auf der Basis neuer Linked Employer-Employee Daten wird dies in drei empirischen Studien untersucht. Die erste Studie wendet sich dem innerbetrieblichen Lohnunterschied zu. Dabei zeigt sich, dass dieser stark über die Firmen schwankt. Demnach weisen Unternehmen mit einem Betriebsrat und solche, die Tarifverträge anwenden, geringere Lohnunterschiede auf. Firmen, die einem starken Wettbewerbsdruck ausgesetzt sind, nehmen weniger Entlohnungsunterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern vor. In der zweiten Studie steht die Frage, wie viel des beobachteten Lohnunterschieds durch verschiedene individuelle Merkmale und wie viel durch die Selektion in unterschiedliche Betriebe erklärt werden kann, im Mittelpunkt. Dazu wird eine Zerlegung in vier Komponenten mit einem Verfahren von Machado und Mata (2005) über die ganze Lohnverteilung vorgenommen. Die Analyse zeigt, dass der Lohnunterschied am unteren Rand der Lohnverteilung am höchsten ist. Dies ist auf die Segregation von Frauen in weniger erfolgreiche und produktive Firmen zurückzuführen. Dagegen haben Unterschiede in der Humankapitalausstattung nur einen geringen Einfluss. In der dritten Studie wird die Beziehung zwischen dem Frauenanteil in Unternehmen und dem Lohn untersucht. Ein hoher Frauenanteil innerhalb von Unternehmen könnte eine für Frauen attraktive Arbeitsumgebung, geringe Qualifikationsanforderungen von Seiten der Arbeitgeber oder weniger Diskriminierung gegenüber Frauen widerspiegeln. Die Analyse zeigt, dass auch bei sukzessiver Berücksichtigung von individuellen und Firmenmerkmalen, der Frauenanteil einen negativen Einfluss auf den Lohn hat. Insbesondere eine attraktive Arbeitsumgebung führt zu einem geringen Lohn in frauendominierten Firmen. / This thesis consists of empirical and methodological contributions to the literature on the German gender wage gap. Due to a lack of appropriate data, previous studies have been unable to document the potential impact of employers and establishments on the gender wage gap. We investigate these issues using a newly available Linked Employer-Employee Dataset. The first study pays attention to the gender wage gap within establishments. We find that the gender wage gap varies tremendously across establishments. Establishments with work councils and those covered by collective wage agreements are found to have a smaller wage gap. Furthermore, establishments operating under strong product market competition behave in a more egalitarian way. In the second study, the key issue is to disentangle gender differences in human capital endowment and the segregation of men and women in different types of establishments as sources of wage inequality. Using an approach of Machado and Mata (2005), we apply a decomposition method extended to four terms across the entire wage distribution. The analysis shows that the gap is highest in the lower part of the wage distribution. This is largely explained by segregation of women into less successful and productive firms. Gender differences in the human capital endowment have a lesser impact upon the gap. The third study comprises an investigation of the relationship between the share of women in establishments and the wages of both sexes. For this correlation, hypotheses are formulated as to what a high proportion of women in an establishment can indicate: attractive working conditions for women, lower qualification requirements or less discrimination against women. The results show, that even when including worker and establishment covariates, a higher share of female employees reduces wages for both males and females. In particular, attractive working conditions lead to lower wages in female dominated establishments.

In dieser Arbeit behandeln wir die birationale Geometrie verschiedener Modulräume; die Modulräume von Kurven mit einem k-Differential mit vorgeschierbenen Nullen, besser bekannt als Strata von Differenzialen, Moduln von K3 Flächen mit markierten Punkten und Moduln von Kurven. Für bestimmte Geschlechter nennen wir Abschätzungen der Kodaira-Dimension, konstruieren unirationale Parametrisierungen, rationale deckende Kurven und unterschiedliche birationale Modelle. In Kapitel 1 führen wir die zu untersuchenden Objekte ein und geben einen kurzen Überblick ihrer wichtigsten Eigenschaften und offenen Problemen. In Kapitel 2 konstruieren wir einen Hilfsmodulraum, der als Brücke zwischen bestimmten finiten Quotienten von Mgn für kleines g und den Moduln der polarisierten K3 Flächen vom Geschlecht 11 dient. Wir entwickeln die Deformationstheorie, die nötig ist, um die Eigenschaften und die oben genannten Modulräume zu erforschen. In Kapitel 3 bedienen wir uns dieser Werkzeuge, um birationale Modelle für Moduln polarisierter K3 Flächen vom Geschlecht 11 mit markierten Punkten zu konstruieren. Diese nutzen wir, um Resultate über die Kodaira-Dimension herzuleiten. Wir beweisen, dass der Modulraum von polarisierten K3 Flächen vom Geschlecht 11 mit n markierten Punkten unirational ist, falls n<=6, und uniruled, falls n<=7. Wir beweisen auch, dass die Kodaira-Dimension von Modulraum von polarisierten K3 Flächen vom Geschlecht 11 mit n markierten Punkten nicht-negativ ist für n>= 9. Im letzten Kapitel gehen wir noch auf die fehlenden Fälle der Kodaira-Klassifizierung von Mgnbar ein. Schliesslich behandeln wir in Kapitel 4 die birationale Geometrie mit Blick auf die Strata von holomorphen und quadratischen Differentialen. Wir zeigen, dass die Strata holomorpher und quadratischer Differentiale von niedrigem Geschlecht uniruled sind, indem wir rationale Kurven mit pencils auf K3 und del Pezzo Flächen konstruieren. Durch das Beschränken des Geschlechts 3<= g<=6 bilden wir projektive Bündel über rationale Varietäten, die die holomorphe Strata mit maximaler Länge g-1 dominieren. Also zeigen wir auch, dass diese Strata unirational sind. / In this thesis we investigate the birational geometry of various moduli spaces; moduli spaces of curves together with a k-differential of prescribed vanishing, best known as strata of differentials, moduli spaces of K3 surfaces with marked points, and moduli spaces of curves. For particular genera, we give estimates for the Kodaira dimension, construct unirational parameterizations, rational covering curves, and different birational models. In Chapter 1 we introduce the objects of study and give a broad brush stroke about their most important known features and open problems. In Chapter 2 we construct an auxiliary moduli space that serves as a bridge between certain finite quotients of Mgn for small g and the moduli space of polarized K3 surfaces of genus eleven. We develop the deformation theory necessary to study properties of the mentioned moduli space. In Chapter 3 we use this machinery to construct birational models for the moduli spaces of polarized K3 surfaces of genus eleven with marked points and we use this to conclude results about the Kodaira dimension. We prove that the moduli space of polarized K3 surfaces of genus eleven with n marked points is unirational when n<= 6 and uniruled when n<=7. We also prove that the moduli space of polarized K3 surfaces of genus eleven with n marked points has non-negative Kodaira dimension for n>= 9. In the final section, we make a connection with some of the missing cases in the Kodaira classification of Mgnbar. Finally, in Chapter 4 we address the question concerning the birational geometry of strata of holomorphic and quadratic differentials. We show strata of holomorphic and quadratic differentials to be uniruled in small genus by constructing rational curves via pencils on K3 and del Pezzo surfaces respectively. Restricting to genus 3<= g<=6 we construct projective bundles over rational varieties that dominate the holomorphic strata with length at most g-1, hence showing in addition, these strata are unirational.