Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 margareteartico_dissert.pdf: 621420 bytes, checksum: d6484338aa944f835c788d5909f93257 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-17 / The reuse of health care products [medical and supply hospital products] is a practice carried out by several countries. The hemodynamic catheters, which are used for diagnosis examination and cardiac procedures, such as coronary angioplasty, are the most reutilized ones. The technical difficulties to reprocess the products and the adverse events are important issues for those who decide for the reutilization of these products. Objectives: To describe the adverse events presented by the patients during and after the coronary angioplasty possibly related to the reuse of health care products [medical and supply hospital products], and to quantify and identify the reasons to discard the products in relation to both the first use and to the reuse. Casuistic and Method: Of 60 patients who were submitted to coronary angioplasty, 33 (55%) were men. The age ranged from 42 to 88 years-old, 63 ± 10 years [mean ± SD]. According to the anamnesis, 22 patients (36.7%) presented hypertension, and 10 (16.7%) had diabetes. Of this group, 15 patients (25%) were smokers, and 8 (13.3%) were alcoholics. Of the 60 patients, 29 (48.3%) presented unstable angina, 27 (45%) had AMI (acute myocadial infarction), and 4 (6.6%) other diagnoses. During the procedure and the permanence in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) the occurrences of adverse events, such as fever, hypertension, hypotension, chills, sudoresis, bleeding, nausea, and vomit presented by the patients have been observed. Seven medical devices have been evaluated: introductor, guiding catheter, guidewire 0.35, guidewire 0.014, balloon catheter for angioplasty, a syringe with manometer to insufflate the balloon (indeflator), and a three-way (3) stopcock (manifold). Of these, 76 were first-use products and 410 reprocessed products. It was verified if the same products were discarded before or during the procedure, and which were the reasons that led these products to be discarded. The categorical variables have been analyzed with the chi-square test (χ2 test). The discrete quantitative variables have been analyzed with a nonparametric statistical test for ordinal data (Mann-Whitney test). A type I error of 5% was admitted. Results: The results have highlighted that 26 patients presented adverse events. Hypotension was the most clinically significant adverse event and occurred in 11 (18.3%) of the patients. There was not, however, a statistical significance between the hypotension adverse event and the reuse of the products. Four first-use products and 80 reused products have been discarded. Three first-use products and 55 reused products have been discarded because they were damaged. We want to emphasize that all the syringes used to insufflate the balloon, which have been discarded, have been so for this reason. Conclusions: The adverse events presented by the patients submitted to angioplasty are not related to the reuse of the health care products. The medical devices integrity and functionality have been the main reason of the discards. / O reuso dos produtos médico-hospitalares é uma prática realizada por vários países. Os cateteres de hemodinâmica que são empregados para os exames de diagnósticos e intervenções cardíacas como a angioplastia coronária, são os mais reutilizados. As dificuldades técnicas para o reprocessamento dos produtos e os eventos adversos são questões importantes para quem decide pela reutilização desses produtos. Objetivos: Descrever os eventos adversos apresentados pelos pacientes durante e após a angioplastia coronária, possivelmente relacionadas ao reuso dos produtos médico-hospitalares além de quantificar e identificar os motivos de descarte dos produtos em relação ao primeiro uso e ao reuso. Casuística e Método: Foram estudados 60 pacientes submetidos a angioplastia coronária. Deste grupo 33 (55%) eram homens. A idade variou de 42 a 88 anos, com média e desvio padrão de 63 ± 10 anos. De acordo a anamnese 22 (36,7%) apresentavam hipertensão arterial e 10 (16,7%) tinham diabetes. Deste grupo 15 (25%) eram fumantes e 8 (13,3%) eram etilistas. Dos 60 pacientes, 29 (48,3%) apresentavam angina instável, 27 (45%) IAM e 4 (6,6%) outros diagnósticos. Durante o procedimento e na permanência na Unidade Intensiva Coronariana (UCOR), foram observadas as ocorrências dos eventos adversos, febre, hipertensão, hipotensão, calafrios, sudorese, sangramento, náuseas e vômitos, apresentados pelos pacientes. Foram avaliados, sete produtos médico-hospitalares, introdutor, cateter guia, fio guia 0.35, fio guia 0.014, cateter balão para angioplastia, seringa com manômetro para insuflar balão (indeflator) e torneirinha de 3 vias descartável (manifold), sendo 76 de primeiro uso e 410 reprocessados. Verificou-se se os mesmos foram descartados antes ou durante o procedimento e quais os motivos que levaram a esses descartes. As variáveis categóricas foram analisadas com o auxilio do teste Qui Quadrado. As variáveis quantitativas discretas foram analisadas com o auxilio de teste não paramétrico (Mann-Whitney). Foi admitido erro alfa de 5%. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram que 26 (43,3%) dos pacientes apresentaram eventos adversos. A hipotensão foi o evento adverso mais relevante clinicamente e ocorreu em 11(18,3%) dos pacientes. Não houve, porém, significância estatística entre o evento adverso hipotensão e o reuso dos produtos médico-hospitalares. Foram descartados 4 produtos de primeiro uso e 80 dos reutilizados. Por não estarem íntegros, foram descartados 3 produtos de primeiro uso e 55 produtos dos reutilizados. Destaca-se que todas as seringas de insuflar balão, que foram descartadas, o foram por esse motivo. Conclusões: Os eventos adversos apresentados pelos pacientes submetidos à angioplastia não estão associados ao reuso dos produtos médico-hospitalares. A integridade e funcionalidade foram os motivos principais de descartes dos produtos médico-hospitalares.

The field of micro total analysis systems (μTAS) aims at developments toward miniaturized and fully integrated lab-on-a-chip systems for applications, such as drug screening, drug delivery, cellular assays, protein analysis, genomic analysis and handheld point-of-care diagnostics. Such systems offer to dramatically reduce liquid sample and reagent quantities, increase sensitivity as well as speed of analysis and facilitate portable systems via the integration of components such as pumps, valves, mixers, separation units, reactors and detectors. Precise microfluidic control for such systems has long been considered one of the most difficult technical barriers due to integration of on-chip fluidic handling components and complicated off-chip liquid control as well as fluidic interconnections. Actuation principles and materials with the advantages of low cost, easy fabrication, easy integration, high reliability, and compact size are required to promote the development of such systems. Within this thesis, liquid displacement in microfluidic applications, by means of expandable microspheres, is presented as an innovative approach addressing some of the previously mentioned issues. Furthermore, these expandable microspheres are embedded into a PDMS matrix, which composes a novel thermally responsive silicone elastomer composite actuator for liquid handling. Due to the merits of PDMS and expandable microspheres, the composite actuator's main characteristic to expand irreversibly upon generated heat makes it possible to locally alter its surface topography. The composite actuator concept, along with a novel adhesive PDMS bonding technique, is used to design and fabricate liquid handling components such as pumps and valves, which operate at work-ranges from nanoliters to microliters. The integration of several such microfluidic components promotes the development of disposable lab-on-a-chip platforms for precise sample volume control addressing, e.g. active dosing, transportation, merging and mixing of nanoliter liquid volumes. Moreover, microfluidic pumps based on the composite actuator have been incorporated with sharp and hollow microneedles to realize a microneedle-based transdermal patch which exhibits on-board liquid storage and active dispensing functionality. Such a system represents a first step toward painless, minimally invasive and transdermal administration of macromolecular drugs such as insulin or vaccines. The presented on-chip liquid handling concept does not require external actuators for pumping and valving, uses low-cost materials and wafer-level processes only, is highly integrable and potentially enables controlled and cost-effective transdermal microfluidic applications, as well as large-scale integrated fluidic networks for point-of care diagnostics, disposable biochips or lab-on-a-chip applications. This thesis discusses several design concepts for a large variety of microfluidic components, which are promoted by the use of the novel composite actuator. Results on the successful fabrication and evaluation of prototype devices are reported herein along with comprehensive process parameters on a novel full-wafer adhesive bonding technique for the fabrication of PDMS based microfluidic devices. / QC 20100817

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-16T13:29:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseRKH.pdf: 7966483 bytes, checksum: 075f420f66971bcdd35c8dbfe1d3c37c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-16T19:45:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseRKH.pdf: 7966483 bytes, checksum: 075f420f66971bcdd35c8dbfe1d3c37c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-16T19:45:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseRKH.pdf: 7966483 bytes, checksum: 075f420f66971bcdd35c8dbfe1d3c37c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T19:46:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseRKH.pdf: 7966483 bytes, checksum: 075f420f66971bcdd35c8dbfe1d3c37c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Não recebi financiamento / The research proposal was found low cost alternative solution to automatize the classification and selection process to recognize fruit ripeness level using biologic behavior instead of human visual inspection. The goal was to develop low cost and disposable solid state sensor made of office paper with respective equipment for odor monitoring. The concept used to development this sensor was replace the interdigitated electrode with a conductive track using office paper impregnated with an electrolyte that "turns" cellulose fiber in an electrical conductor under gas action. In order to get gas adsorbing surface property for odor monitoring were tested some electrolytes like: Magnesium Chloride, Potassium Iodide, Calcium Hydroxide and others. This configuration replaced the interdigitated electrode per cellulose fiber doped with an electrolyte, it´s the originality of this research. In the fruit ripening process, the major enzymes involved are pectinase to crack the cell walls responsible for the fruits softening, amylase which degrades carbohydrates to simple sugars responsible for the flavor and hydrolase which reduces the amount of chlorophyll responsible for the fruit color change. The reaction that produces ethylene gas (C2H4) is lipids oxidation, the main gas exhaled during the fruits ripening process. The equipment adopted to pick up electrical signal is based on resistance and capacitance measuring that showed reversible electrical signal variation basically due the track geometry and cellulose fiber doping with an electrolyte. Another feature found was the office paper sensor decrease resistivity with fruit odors presence. The sensor manufacturing process is simple, basically consist in printing a mask with a negative image of the track by laser printing and office paper impregnation by an electrolyte. / A proposta da pesquisa foi buscar uma alternativa de baixo custo para automatizar o processo de seleção e classificação do nível de maturação da banana, utilizando-se do reconhecimento de gás exalado no processo de maturação via biológica, em vez da inspeção visual humana. O objeto da pesquisa foi desenvolver um sensor de estado sólido, de baixo custo e descartável, à base de papel sulfite, com o seu respectivo equipamento de monitoramento de odor. O conceito utilizado no desenvolvimento do sensor foi eliminar o eletrodo condutor interdigitado e substitui-lo por uma trilha condutora via dopagem do papel sulfite, impregnando com um eletrólito que “transforma” a fibra de celulose em um condutor elétrico sob a ação de gás. Visando conferir a propriedade de adsorção superficial dos gases no processo de monitoramento de odor, foram testados os seguintes eletrólitos: Cloreto de Magnésio, Iodeto de Potássio, Hidróxido de Cálcio entre outros. Essa configuração de substituir o eletrodo interdigitado por fibra de celulose dopada com um eletrólito traduz a originalidade desta pesquisa. No processo de amadurecimento das frutas, as principais enzimas envolvidas foram: pectinase, que quebra as paredes celulares, responsável pelo amolecimento das frutas; amilase, que degrada carboidratos em açúcares simples, responsável pelo sabor e a hidrolase, que reduz a quantidade de clorofila responsável pela mudança de cor da fruta. A reação que produz o gás etileno (C2H4) é a oxidação de lipídios, principal gás exalado durante o processo de amadurecimento das frutas. O equipamento de captação de sinal elétrico do sensor de estado sólido foi baseado na medição de resistência e capacitância, que apresentou variação de sinal elétrico reversível, basicamente em função da geometria da trilha e da dopagem da fibra de celulose com um eletrólito. Outra característica do sensor de papel sulfite foi a queda da resistividade com a presença de odores da fruta. O processo de fabricação do sensor é simples: consiste basicamente em uma impressão a laser de uma máscara com imagem negativa da trilha e a impregnação do papel sulfite com um eletrólito.

The reason for choosing "Occupational Injuries of Medium-Level Medical Personnel in Hospitals in the Region of Ústí nad Labem" as the topic of my master's degree stems from the fact that I have already inquired into this topic in my bachelor's thesis. Work-related injuries of hospital nurses are an interesting and important issue. Therefore, my aim was to explore this currently very up-to-date and crucial topic in greater detail, to map the level of legislative knowledge among nurses working at hospitals in the Region of Ústí nad Labem, as well as to become familiar with the opinions of hospital head nurses in the region on this issue. Health care personnel face the daily risk of injury from used syringes and other sharp objects, which, in turn, pose a hazard for their exposure to infectious agents. More than 800,000 syringe injuries occur to over 800,000 health care personnel in the United States and to 100,000 in the United Kingdom every year. Of all health professionals, nurses are exposed to the highest risk of injury from used syringes and other sharp objects. The most frequent diseases associated with occupational injuries include hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV/AIDS. Work-related and non-work related injuries from used syringes or other sharp objects contaminated with biological material are recorded and evaluated separately by regional hygiene stations. The first, theoretical part of the thesis describes the individual diseases associated with injuries from used syringes or other sharp objects, precautionary and repressive measures related to sharp object injuries, as well as valid legal regulations on occupational injuries. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to research and it provides an evaluation of questionnaires completed by nurses from hospitals in the Region of Ústí nad Labem. Furthermore, it presents an overview of secondary data on medical personnel injuries collected from annual reports of the Regional Hygiene Station in Ústí nad Labem, as well as an evaluation of interviews conducted with the hospital head nurses in the region. The results of the thesis will be communicated to the hospital head nurses in the region and/or to the head nurses of individual wards and departments, and they shall serve as the basis for further education of health professionals in the area of occupational injuries.

I december 2019 rapporterades de första fallen av ett virus benämnt som covid-19 i Wuhan, Kina. Viruset sprider sig snabbt och i takt med den okontrollerade spridningen blir också trycket på sjukvården allt högre. Samtidigt som vården gör allt i sin makt för att räcka till så rapporteras det om global brist på skyddsutrustning. Tillverkningen av ett kirurgiskt munskydd, från fiber till färdig produkt, består av ett omfattande system och kräver material av specifika fibrer som framställs i avancerade processer. Att skapa ett munskydd som besitter möjligheten för återanvändning hade varit ett alternativ i syfte att minska risk för att munskydd tar slut samtidigt som engångsförbrukning minimeras. Syftet med denna studie är att studera och analysera materialval, framställning, konstruktion och krav för kirurgiska munskydd. Studien syftar också till att undersöka alternativa möjligheter till att skapa ett återanvändbart munskydd. Val av metod för insamling av material har haft sin utgångspunkt i litteraturstudier av främst vetenskaplig karaktär. Då ämnet är högaktuellt har nyhetsartiklar från betrodda dagstidningar varit av värde. Intervjuer av kvalitativ läggning genomfördes i syfte att skapa en överskådlig inblick i vårdarbetet. Ett kirurgiskt munskydd fungerar som en skyddande barriär mot överföring av smittämnen mellan personal och patient och är generellt uppbyggt i tre olika lager. Det inre lagret, mittenlagret, är tillverkat genom en process kallad nonwoven meltblown medan de två yttre lagren, det övre och det undre, tillverkas genom en process kallad nonwoven spunbond. Dessa tre lager kalendreras sedan samman och bildar själva filtermediet som därefter veckas och sys i en konverteringslinje. Munskydd är en engångsvara och slängs direkt efter användning. Nawar Kadi, som är professor på Textilhögskolan i Borås, arbetar för tillfället med ett projekt som syftar till att utveckla ett delvis tvättbart munskydd som fungerar att återanvända. I dagsläget finns många aspekter att beakta och frågor att besvara innan projektet går att förverkliga i praktiken men med rätt förutsättningar, ekonomisk stöttning och framförallt beprövade metoder med bakomliggande forskning är möjligheten till att skapa ett återanvändbart munskydd inte långt borta. / In December 2019, the first cases of a virus called covid-19 were reported in Wuhan, China. The virus is spreading rapidly and in connection with the uncontrolled spread, the pressure on healthcare is also increasing. At the same time as healthcare is doing everything in its power to suffice, a global lack of protective equipment is reported. The manufacture of a surgical face mask, from fiber to finished product, consists of a comprehensive system and requires materials of specific fibers produced in advanced processes. Creating a face mask that possesses the possibility of reuse would have been an alternative with the aim of reducing the risk of face mask ending while minimizing disposable consumption. The purpose of this study is to analyze material selection, manufacture, construction and requirements for surgical face masks. The study also aims to explore alternative ways of creating a reusable face mask. The choice of method for collecting material has been based on literature studies of a primarily scientific nature. As the topic is highly current, news articles from trusted newspapers have been of value. Qualitative interviews were conducted with the aim of providing a clear insight into the healthcare work. A surgical face mask serves as a protective barrier against the transmission of infectious agents between staff and patients and is generally constructed in three different layers. The inner layer is made by a process called nonwoven meltblown, while the two outer layers, the upper and the lower, are made by a process called nonwoven spunbond. These three layers are then calendered together to form the filter media, which is then pleated and seamed in a converting line. The surgical face mask is a disposable item and is discarded immediately after use. Nawar Kadi, who is a professor at Textilhögskolan in Borås, is currently working on a project aimed at developing a partially washable face mask that thus functions to reuse. At present, there are many aspects to consider and questions to answer before the project can be realized in practice but with the right conditions, financial support and proven methods with underlying research, the possibility of creating a reusable face mask is not far away.

No description available.

[pt] O objetivo principal da dissertação é o exame da potencialidade criativa do design de espaços de curtos períodos de fruição do público na elaboração e implantação de soluções rumo a redução do seu impacto ambiental. A atividade foco da pesquisa será designada como design de espaços do acontecimento, uma atividade comumente chamada cenografia, mas que transborda os palcos. Intensificada no final do séc. XX, tal atividade se torna cada vez mais potente no ambiente contemporâneo da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Identifica-se, contudo, um paradoxo no que tange a dinâmica de criação e construção desses espaços e o ciclo de vida dos materiais utilizados. A extensa gama de materiais geralmente especificados nessas construções apresenta inúmeras propriedades favoráveis, como facilidade de manuseio e transporte, resistência estrutural, flexibilidade e leveza, além de diversificadas qualidades estéticas. Por outro lado, tais materiais apresentam também uma durabilidade infinitamente maior do que os curtos períodos de uso aos quais são submetidos. Observa-se necessário evidenciar o eufemismo que mascara a realidade não efêmera, mas essencialmente descartável dessas construções, através da análise de suas durações e de sua cadeia criativa-produtiva. Serão apresentados e analisados casos referência que se constituem como protótipos de soluções para a aproximação da criação e construção dos espaços do acontecimento aos valores inerentes aos ciclos efêmeros biológicos da natureza. Conclui-se que é necessário e possível encontrar novas soluções menos agressivas com o meio ambiente a partir da problematização de cada etapa da cadeia criativa-produtiva da atividade, assim como também que a inserção dos projetos em sistemas pré e ou pós existentes a ele, resultam em possibilidades de caminhos rumo a uma descontinuidade sistêmica da atividade e a redução do seu impacto ambiental. / [en] The main objective of this dissertation is the examination of the creative potentiality at the elaboration and implantation of solutions within set design for public enjoyment through short periods, in towards the reduction of their environmental impact. The focus activity of this research will be designated as happening s set design. This area of activity is commonly called in Brazil scenography, but it doesn t specific apply to spaces out of the stage. Intensified at the end of the 20th century, this activity becomes increasingly powerful in the contemporary environment of the city of Rio de Janeiro. However, there is a paradox regarding the creation and construction dynamics of these spaces and the life cycle of the materials. The extensive range of materials generally specified in these constructions has numerous favorable properties, that includes friendly handling and transportation, structural resistance, flexibility and light weight, in addition to a diversity of aesthetical qualities. On the other hand, such materials also have infinitely longer durability than the short periods of use to which they are subjected. It is necessary to point out the euphemism that masks the nonephemeral but essentially disposable reality of these constructions, through the analysis of their durations and their creative-productive chain. We will present and analyze reference cases that constitute as prototypes of solutions for the approximation of the creation and construction of the spaces of the event to inherent values of nature biological ephemeral cycles. The conclusion is that it is necessary and possible to find new solutions less aggressive to the environment through each stage problematization of the creative-productive chain, as well the insertion of the projects in pre and post existing systems to it, result in possibilities of new paths towards a systemic discontinuity of the happening s set design and the reduction of its environmental impact.

MPH / Department of Public Health / See the attached abstract below

No description available.

Globally, there is growing concern about the health risks of water and air pollution. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a list of priority pollutants containing 129 different chemical compounds. All of these chemicals are of significant interest due to their serious health and safety issues. Permanent exposure to some concentrations of these chemicals can cause severe and irrecoverable health effects, which can be easily prevented by their early identification. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) offer great potential for selective adsorption of chemicals from water and air samples. These selective artificial bio(mimetic) receptors are promising candidates for modification of sensors, especially disposable sensors, due to their low-cost, long-term stability, ease of engineering, simplicity of production and their applicability for a wide range of targets. Herein, innovative strategies used to develop MIP-based sensors for EPA priority pollutants will be reviewed.