The analysis of local fashion brand ether in terms of competition, marketing assests not only typical for fashion industry and ways of promotion within the czech market and choice of distribution

Community-based tourism (CBT), according to Dodds, R. Ali, A. & Galaski, K. (2016), has historically been developed based on a host community’s assets and objectives due to the fact that the "core of CBT planning has been to determine how best to use it as a development tool." As a result, the established CBT development model typically prioritizes community potential as supply at the expense of the market potential of tourism (demand), disregarding to a certain extent the commercial aspects of tourism. From this perspective, questions regarding product strategy, idea generation, business analysis, and how cross-sectoral knowledge production and exchange can strengthen the sustainability and viability of the CBT product have not yet been fully answered in academic literature. This paper builds on the academic literature regarding market access and is further supported by interviews and participant observation conducted in Brazil. This research indicates that these analyses should be complemented with additional questions about product development, capacity-building, knowledge co-production, collaborative networking, and more. The business life cycle of CBT could be considered a foundational pillar in understanding the business viability of community-based tourism projects, and therefore, the expected findings of this study include the proposal of an amended CBT model and practical recommendations that may be implemented into existing CBT projects. / Le tourisme communautaire (CBT), selon Dodds, R. Ali, A. et Galaski, K. (2016), a été largement développé sur la base des atouts et des objectifs d'une communauté en raison du fait que le en raison du fait que “le cœur de la planification de le tourisme communautaire a été de déterminer la meilleure façon de l'utiliser comme outil de développement” (p. 16). En conséquence, le développement du CBT a donné la priorité au potentiel communautaire (offre) au détriment du potentiel touristique (demande), sans tenir compte, dans une certaine mesure, des aspects commerciaux du tourisme. Dans cette perspective, les questions concernant la stratégie de produit, la génération d'idées, l'analyse commerciale et les moyens par lesquels la production et l'échange de connaissances intersectorielles peuvent renforcer la durabilité et la viabilité du produit CBT n'ont pas encore trouvé de réponse complète dans la littérature universitaire. Bien que les analyses concernant l'accès aux marchés soient abondantes dans la littérature (Dodds et al. 2016; Mitchell & Hall, 2005; Mitchell & Muckosy, 2008; Forstner, 2004; Iorio & Corsale, 2014), cet article, informé par des entretiens semi-structurés et l'observation des participants menée pendant le séjour de deux ans de l'auteur au Brésil, soutient que ces analyses devraient être complétées par des questions supplémentaires sur le développement de produits, la formation des capacités, la coproduction de connaissances, le réseautage collaboratif et plus encore. Le cycle de vie des entreprises du tourisme communautaire pourrait être considéré comme un pilier fondamental de la compréhension de la viabilité commerciale des projets de tourisme communautaire, et par conséquent, les conclusions attendues de cette étude incluent la proposition d'un modèle CBT modifié et des recommandations pratiques qui pourraient être mises en œuvre. dans les projets CBT existants. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Object of the work: cooperative "Daržovių centras". Subject of the work: distribution of goods. Work purpose: to prepare distribution strategy for organization and to provide for perfection of channel management. Tasks of the work: 1. To analyse goods distribution system; 2. To establish basic variants of formation for distribution channels; 3. To analyse elements of channel management; 4. To analyse channels of distribution for organization and formulate methodical substantiation; 5. To prepare distribution strategy; 6. To provide for perfection of channel management. Methods of the research - questionnaire poll, half-structural interview, analyses and synthesis of literature, SWOT analyse and graphic method.

Cette thèse étudie le système de distribution alimentaire au Vietnam fondée sur une approche de concurrence imparfaite. Le premier chapitre analyse le comportement de marché des intermédiaires dans le système de distribution alimentaire traditionnel. Nous modélisons le comportement des intermédiaires dans tous les cas de compétition de marché afin d'identifier l'impact du pouvoir de marché sur les producteurs alimentaires en amont, et sur les consommateurs en aval du système de distribution alimentaire traditionnel.La relation compétitive entre les différents circuits de distribution alimentaire est étudiée dans le second chapitre. Nous modélisation la compétition entre les systèmes de distribution alimentaire traditionnelle et moderne. Nous examinons la condition de coexistence qui permet aux deux circuits d'être active dans chaque cas spécifique de compétition de marché.Le troisième chapitre étudie le choix de circuit optimal des agriculteurs quand les coopératives agricoles soutiennent les petits producteurs dans l'accès au système de distribution alimentaire moderne. Nous introduisons deux circuits de distribution verticalement liés par la demande. Nous étudions le flux de quantité des petits producteurs aux consommateurs au moyen d'un équilibre de Nash, et nous abordons la question de la distribution des agriculteurs par un équilibre de libre entrée.Finalement, le quatrième chapitre analyse l'effet direct de la politique sur le système de distribution alimentaire. Nous proposons le modèle théorique de la réforme agraire, et étudions son impact sur le système de distribution alimentaire. / This dissertation studies the food distribution system in Viet Nam based on an imperfect competition approach.The first chapter analyzes the market behavior of the intermediaries in the traditional food distribution system. We model the intermediary behavior in all cases of market competition to recognize the impact of their market power on the food producers in the upstream, and on the consumers in the downstream of the traditional food distribution system.The competitive relationship between different food distribution channels is studied in the second chapter. We model the competition between the traditional and the modern food distribution system to analyze how the market behaves at equilibrium. We moreover investigate the coexistence condition which allows both channels to be active in each specific case of market competition.The third chapter studies the optimal channel choice of the farmers when agricultural cooperatives support these small producers accessing the modern food distribution system. We introduce two distribution channel vertically linked by demand. We study the quantity flow from small producers to the consumers by mean of a Nash equilibrium and address the question of the distribution of the farmers by a free entry equilibrium.Eventually, the fourth chapter analyzes the policy implication directly toward the food distribution system. We propose the theoretical model of land reform and study its impact on the food distribution system.

Este trabalho desenvolve um levantamento dos principais aspectos relacionados à gestão e planejamento dos canais de distribuição e seu desenvolvimento como sistemas verticais de marketing, sendo sua gestão uma possível fonte de vantagem competitiva para a empresa. O objetivo do trabalho foi propor um sistema de análise da captura de valor nos canais de distribuição com base nos fluxos de marketing, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e do estudo de alguns modelos, teorias e sistemas que consideram a execução dos fluxos de marketing e agregação de valor como determinantes do nível de serviços do canal. Os tópicos abordados foram a importância dos canais de distribuição e dos intermediários no processo de trocas, as produções de serviços e os fluxos de marketing desempenhados pelos membros do canal, a estrutura e a eficiência dos canais de distribuição, as questões de poder e conflito que envolvem os relacionamentos interorganizacionais e a agregação e captura de valor nos canais de distribuição. O sistema foi desenvolvido para servir como ferramenta no processo de planejamento de canais e utilizou o referencial e autores clássicos a respeito do tema proposto e contempla as seguintes etapas: (1) ponderação e pontuação dos fluxos de marketing para o canal e a divisão das atividades entre os membros do canal para cálculo da participação normativa nos lucros do canal; (2) levantamento de informações de custos e margens brutas dos membros de canal para comparação da participação real nos lucros do canal com a participação normativa; e (3) análise dos resultados e implicações para gestão e planejamento dos canais de distribuição. O sistema proposto foi, então, aplicado em duas empresas, uma no segmento alimentação animal e outra no mercado de bens de consumo alimentares, com foco nos canais estruturados para atendimento a varejistas. Pôde-se com essa aplicação verificar algumas vantagens e limitações do sistema como ferramenta para análise e planejamento dos canais de distribuição. Desse modo, apresentou-se como resultado um sistema de análise e avaliação de canais que pode ser utilizado por qualquer empresa com canais convencionais de distribuição, sendo que, em alguns casos, pode ser necessário algum ajuste ou adaptação às especificidades da empresa ou do setor. / This research analyzed some of the main features related to the planning and the management of distribution channels and their development as vertical marketing system, and considered the channel management as a source of the company’s competitive advantage. The research objective was to propose a system for distribution channels value capture analysis, based in the marketing flows performance. This was done after a literature review and the study of some models, theories and systems that take into consideration aspects of marketing flows performance and added value as a service output determinant. The highlighted topics in this study are the importance of distribution channels and intermediaries for market exchanges, the services outputs and marketing flows performed by channel members, the channel structure and efficiency, the power and conflict aspect in the inter-organizational relationships, and the value capture in the distribution channels. The proposed system was developed as a tool to support the channel planning process, and contemplates the following steps: (1) weighted marketing flows scores and division of members activities to calculate the normative channel profit share; (2) channel members costs and margins surveys to calculate the real channel profit share and compare to normative profit share; and (3) results analysis and managerial implications for planning and management of marketing channels. Besides, the proposed system was applied on two companies of two different industries, one in the animal feed and the other in the dairy industry, focusing channels structured for selling to retailers. The cases applications were useful to evidence advantages and limitations of the system as a tool for analyzing and planning marketing channels. In this way, the research outcomes are a channel analysis and evaluation system that could be applied for any company that pursue a conventional channel system, with necessary adaptations to companies or market segment specificities.

Cette thèse a pour objectif d'analyser les interactions entre les agents économiques opérant sur le marché de l'assurance de détail. D'un côté, les assurés souhaitant se couvrir contre un risque de perte doivent explorer le marché afin de souscrire un contrat en ligne avec leur perception du risque. D'un autre côté, les assureurs se font concurrence sur un marché régulé, leur imposant un certain niveau de capital afin de garantir leur solvabilité dans un contexte d'incertitude sur les risques souscrits. D'autre part, des intermédiaires proposent leurs services afin de faciliter l'interaction entre les consommateurs, averses aux risques, et les firmes, preneuses de risques. C'est donc dans ce contexte que nous analysons les comportements des acteurs de l'assurance à travers différentes perspectives. Les Chapitre 1 et 2 de cette thèse résultent d'expérimentations en laboratoire, effectuées à l'aide d'une interface web conçue spécifiquement pour ces études. Les résultats du Chapitre 3, quant à eux, sont basés sur un modèle théorique et des simulations numériques. Le Chapitre 1 se concentre sur la relation entre l'honnêteté et les croyances en l'honnêteté des agents économiques. À l'aide des données collectées en laboratoire, nous montrons comment l'incertitude et le sentiment de se trouver dans des conditions plus ou moins avantageuses impactent à la fois le niveau d'honnêteté mais aussi la croyance en l'honnêteté envers les autres. En règle générale, les consommateurs surestiment l'honnêteté des intermédiaires. Ainsi, ce résultat justifie leur présence sur le marché de l'assurance. D'autre part, nous montrons aussi que les incitations financières proposées aux intermédiaires sont sources de distorsion des croyances en l'honnêteté. Plus le niveau d'incitation est faible, plus les consommateurs anticipent un comportement malhonnête. Dans le Chapitre 2, nous mettons en évidence le dilemme dont fait face le consommateur sur un marché comprenant une multitude de canaux de distribution. Doit-il explorer par lui-même et choisir parmi un large ensemble de contrats ou bien déléguer une partie de sa décision à un intermédiaire plus ou comportant des coûts de recherche, nous montrons que l'obfuscation liée à une importante quantité d'information et les croyances en l'honnêteté des intermédiaires sont les principaux déterminants des décisions de recherche et d'achat. Nous montrons également que l'obfuscation et l'attitude des intermédiaires sont sources d'inefficience dans les prises de décisions, en particulier vis-à-vis des caractéristiques des contrats d'assurance souscrits par les consommateurs. Dans ce sens, l'identification d'un effet de focalisation appuie l'importance du niveau des prix dans les prises de décision au détriment de l'environnement de risque et du niveau de couverture. L'introduction des coûts de recherche dans le processus d'exploration, ainsi que l'hétérogénéité des croyances en l'honnêteté justifient les stratégies de distribution multicanal adoptées par les assureurs. Une analyse d'un jeu non coopératif répété est exposée dans le Chapitre 3 de cette thèse où les pertes et le comportement des consommateurs sont stochastiques et les assureurs se font une concurrence en prix. Afin d'intégrer les contraintes des régulateurs, nous déterminons les équilibres de Nash sous contrainte de solvabilité. Nous analysons également la sensibilité des primes d'équilibre en fonction des paramètres du jeu, en particulier lorsque les firmes ne bénéficient pas des mêmes avantages comparatifs (i.e. réputation conduisant à différents niveaux de rétention des clients, ancienneté des assureurs conduisant à différents stocks en capital) / This thesis aims at explaining interactions among economic agents operating in the retail insurance market. On the one hand, the policyholder is willing to be covered against a risk. To do so, they have to explore the insurance market to purchase a contract in line with their risk perception. On the other hand, insurers compete in a regulated market which imposes capital constraints for shock loss absorption purposes. In between, intermediaries may provide services in order to facilitate interaction between risk-adverse consumers and risk-taker firms. In this context, we analyze economic behaviors of insurance actors through different perspectives. Chapter 1 and 2 both result from original laboratory experiments, conducted through a web-interface especially designed for these studies. Results in Chapter 3 rely on a theoretical model and numerical simulations. Chapter 1 emphasizes on the relationship between honesty and beliefs about honesty of economic agents. According to laboratory results, we show how the uncertainty and the perception of advantageous conditions impact the level of honesty and beliefs about honesty. In general, consumers estimate that intermediaries are more honest than they really are, hence supporting their physical presence in the insurance market. However, intermediary financial incentives are a source of distortion of honesty beliefs: the weaker the level of the incentive, the stronger the deviation anticipations. In Chapter 2, we shed light on the dilemma faced by insurance purchasers under a multichannel distribution. Should the consumer, themselves, choose from a large set of insurance policies, or rather delegate a part of their decision to a more or less honest intermediary? Using experimental approaches, including exogenous search costs, we show that obfuscation and beliefs about intermediary honesty are the main determinants of individual choices. We also find that obfuscation and intermediaries’ deviation are the main sources of inefficiency in decision-making, especially regarding the features of the insurance contracts chosen by consumers. Our identification of the focal point effect supports the importance of the price level on purchasing decisions rather than the risk environment or the coverage level. The introduction of search costs in the exploration process, as well as the heterogeneity of beliefs about honesty, justify multichannel distribution strategies adopted by insurers. An analysis of insurer price competition with a repeated one-period non-cooperative game is conducted in Chapter 3, where both insurer losses and consumer behaviors are stochastic. Because of regulatory obligations, we consider a solvency constraint when computing Nash-Equilibrium. We determine the sensitivity of the premium equilibrium with respect to the parameters, especially when firms do not benefit from same competitive advantages (i.e. reputation effect leading to differences in consumers inertia or market seniority leading to differences in capital stock). We also study insurers’ market share in response to the entry of new insurer undercutting prices but dealing with binding solvency constraints

本研究旨在探討台灣地區報業的通路結構及影響通路結構的相關產業結構因素。本研究以產業經濟分析架構中有關市場結構與市場行為互動關係(Scherer, 1990)切入，探討報業市場結構變項對報業通路行為變項的影響。此外，本研究也借用通路政治經濟學派(Stern & Reve, 1980)，對於通路外部環境與通路內部環境互動的概念，探析市場結構影響通路結構的外部經濟因素。 　　在本研究中，以「組織規模」、「所有權型態」、「市場集中度」為市場變項，以「通路結構」為市場行為變項。 　　本研究以中國時報、聯合報、自由時報、中央日報及立報五個個案為研究對象，透過深度訪談五個個案的發行部門及其派報經銷商，蒐集有關報社通路運作的實際狀況。所得研究結果簡述如下： 　　一、報業通路結構方面 　　本研究所探討之通路結構，包括報業組織所採用之通路類型、通路長度、通路密度及通路競爭。五個個案報社在零售通路類型方面，大都僅採用直營人員或經銷商。訂戶通路類型則較複雜，五個個案大多採多重形式，透過經銷商、批報販、發行公司等類型發送報紙。 　　在通路長度方面，零售通路呈現兩極化發展，可分為一階通路和三階通路二種。訂戶通路則相當多樣化，各種通路長度都同時存在。在通路密度方面，不論零售或訂戶，各報皆採密集配銷策略。在通路競爭方面，一般來說都屬於中度或高度競爭。 　　二、組織規模與通路結構之關係 　　在組織規模與通路結構的關係上，本研究中的中國時報和聯合報屬於大規模，自由時報屬於中規模，中央日報和立報屬於小規模。整體來說，五個個案所呈現的通路結構，顯示規模愈大的報社愈傾向垂直整合，對通路的控制能力較強。 　　三、市場集中度典通路結構之關係 　　研究結果顯示，在集中度愈低的市場（亦即市場競爭愈激烈），報業組織會傾向採取開放性的通路策略，同時採用多種通路形式，零售密度會因競爭而達到飽和數字，訂戶通路也採取密集配銷的策略。

This study aims that is suggests the right direction for establishing a successful marketing strategy and activation of Taiwan market for the rightful functional health food, by defining of complicated health care food in Taiwan, reviewing health care food market, surveying the previous example of mistake and success. Especially, for foreign health care food company, it is very important how to make marketing strategy before launching new product. However, this study trying to offer several tips based on real situation. 4P strategy is most common used marketing tool and this study suggesting through 4P(Product, Price, Place, Promotion) point of view.

The goal of the thesis is to carry out the comparison of distribution chains in the chosen sheltered workshops with respect to the present system of distribution, the used distribution parts and setting of material and information flow in these workshops. The component goal of the thesis is to carry out the comparison of logistic activities realized in the distribution parts of the logistic chain in the researched sheltered workshops.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 797.pdf: 2013266 bytes, checksum: ae9809b936ba1bd6944fd325215174fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-29 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Within the current context of competition, we can perceive the emergence of a new paradigm of business management based on the fact that companies no longer compete isolatedly or individually among themselves, but through the various supply chains they belong to. This new paradigm or concept of management refers to Supply Chain Management (SCM). Particularly, logistics has a significant impact on the SCM concept and represents the fundamental process for this concept as it propitiates the operational arrangement of the supply chain. Thus, this dissertation searched to identify the effects of the adoption of the concept of SCM and its initiatives in the logistic function of the distribution channel companies of grocery products, generating, through the Resource Based View (RBV) as classification approach, the identification of logistic capabilities and resources. For in such way, there was an ample discussion about the concept of SCM and its different views and definitions. In this context, the needed logistic capabilities and resources to adopt SCM concepts and initiatives were identified in the bibliographical revision of this research. This dissertation, through this ample discussion, will contribute to the more development of SCM theory and of unification of the logistic theory. There were various logistic capabilities, like the adoption of logistics function as a strategic activity, the adoption of concept of integrated logistics, the adoption of Lean and Agile Paradigm or Re-supplying. Additionally, there were various logistic resources, like IT (Information Technology) and its tools, the software related to logistics and Logistics Information System, crossdocking. To complement the theory discussion about SCM and logistic capabilities and resources, this research realized three case studies, whose object was to evaluate the adoption and the degree of development of these logistic elements, through the contrast between encountered theory and practice, and identify the main benefits to each company, the expected results but not reached and the main logistic problems faced for each company. With the results from these three cases, there was good adoption in the practice of logistic capabilities and resources, the literature emphasized, independently the degree of development in each company. However, it was evident the discrepancy among the researched companies as for the adoption and use of the logistic change points existent in the literature, and their development degree, that allowed suggest a hierarchy of companies in terms of the implantation of logistic capabilities and resources. Specifically, this dissertation holds a qualitative research approach, as investigative method the multiple case studies, as the instrument of data collection the interview which was carried out by semi-structured questionnaire. / Dentro do atual contexto competitivo, começa a emergir um novo paradigma de gestão empresarial baseado no fato de as empresas não mais competirem apenas entre si de forma isolada ou individual, mas sim através das diversas cadeias de suprimentos nas quais estão inseridas. Esse novo paradigma ou conceito de gestão refere-se à Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos (Supply Chain Management, SCM). Destaca-se que a função logística possui impacto significativo sobre o conceito de SCM e representa o processo fundamental para este conceito, na medida em que ela propicia o arranjo operacional da cadeia de suprimentos. Sendo assim, esta dissertação buscou a identificação das implicações da adoção do SCM e de suas iniciativas sobre a função logística de empresas do canal de distribuição de produtos de mercearia básica, gerando, através da Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR) como abordagem de classificação, o levantamento de capacitações e recursos logísticos. Para isso, houve a necessidade de realização de uma ampla discussão sobre o conceito de SCM e de suas diferentes visões e definições. Ainda nesse contexto, realizou-se o levantamento, a partir da revisão bibliográfica, de capacitações e recursos logísticos necessários à adoção desse conceito. Acredita-se que esta dissertação, através desta ampla discussão, contribuirá para o maior desenvolvimento da teoria sobre o SCM e da unificação da teoria logística. Foram identificadas, no presente trabalho, diversas capacitações logísticas, dentre as quais citam-se a adoção da função logística como atividade estratégica, a adoção do conceito de Integração da logística, a adoção do Paradigma ou Ressuprimento Ágil e Enxuto, dentre outras. Adicionalmente, foram identificados vários recursos logísticos, dentre os quais mencionam-se a TI (Tecnologia da Informação) e suas ferramentas, os softwares relacionados à logística e de Sistema de Informação (SI) logística, o cross-docking, dentre outros. Como forma de complementar a discussão teórica sobre o SCM e as capacitações e recursos logísticos, esta pesquisa realizou três estudos de casos, cujo objetivo foi de avaliar a adoção e o grau de desenvolvimento desses elementos logísticos, por meio do contraponto entre teoria e prática, bem como levantar os principais benefícios trazidos para a logística de cada empresa, os resultados esperados mas não alcançados e os principais problemas logísticos enfrentados por cada empresa. A partir dos resultados destes três casos, verificou-se uma boa adoção, na prática, das capacitações e recursos logísticos destacados na literatura, independentemente do grau de desenvolvimento em cada empresa. No entanto, ficou evidente a defasagem entre as empresas pesquisadas quanto à adoção e utilização dos pontos de mudança na logística existentes na literatura, e seu grau de desenvolvimento, o que permitiu sugerir uma hierarquia de empresas em termos da implantação de capacitações e recursos logísticos. Especificamente, esta dissertação tem como abordagem de pesquisa a qualitativa, como método de procedimento de pesquisa o estudo multicasos e como mecanismo ou instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista realizada por meio de um questionário semiestruturado.