Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-14T11:24:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 468512 - Texto Completo.pdf: 640053 bytes, checksum: f4131c44544f4d4546887f47ed4c8c6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T11:24:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 468512 - Texto Completo.pdf: 640053 bytes, checksum: f4131c44544f4d4546887f47ed4c8c6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Iron is essential in the neonatal brain for normal neurological development and for establishment of the concentration of iron in the adult brain, as iron absorption is greatest during the neonatal period. It is believed that iron overload contributes to the development of neurodegeneration, the exacerbation of the normal apoptosis rates, largely due to its participation in the Fenton reaction and production of reactive oxygen species. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that treatment with iron in the neonatal period worsens the memory, as well as an increase in oxidative stress parameters and levels of apoptotic proteins. Recently, we have also demonstrated that this treatment reduces synaptophysin levels (a synaptic marker) in the rats hippocampus. Mitochondria are involved in this process because they are considered the main intracellular source of superoxide anion and the main target of attack by free radicals. They are highly dynamic organelles that bind (fusion) and divide (fission) in response to environmental stimuli, developmental status and energy needs of the cells. Mitochondria are widely distributed in all neurons, but mitochondria subpopulations are enriched pre-synaptically in nerve terminals and post-synaptically in dendrites. In addition, they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases where synapses are known to be the main target. Sulforaphane is a natural compound that has been studied since the 1980s and considered to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of treatment with Sulforaphane in adulthood on memory deficits and changes in markers of mitochondrial function, DNML1 and OPA1, and synaptic marker synaptophysin induced by neonatal iron treatment. Male Wistar rats received, orally, vehicle or carbonyl iron (30mg / kg) from the 12th to the 14th postnatal day. In order to evaluate the effects of acute Sulforaphane treatment on memory, rats were trained in the object recognition task and received one single intraperitoneal injection of Vehicle or Sulforaphane (0.5 or 5 mk/kg) immediately after training. To evaluate the effects of Sulforaphane chronic treatment on memory, rats received vehicle or Sulforaphane (0.5 or 5 mg / kg) for 14 days every other day, and were trained in the object recognition task 24 h after the last injection. The memory analysis was performed using the recognition index, expressed as the ratio between the amount of time spent in exploring the new object on the total time spent exploring both objects. DNML1, OPA1, and synaptophysin levels in the hippocampus were quantified by Western blotting. The quantification of protein was performed by measuring the density of the individual bands, normalized by ?-actin density. Data were analyzed by comparing the averages for analysis of variance (ANOVA), with p <0.05 considered statistically significant. Our results showed that acute treatment with Sulforaphane (0.5 mg / kg) did not improve memory but at a dose of 5 mg / kg it was able to restore the memory deficits induced by iron. Chronic treatment with Sulforaphane, at both doses, also recovers the memory in rats treated with iron in the neonatal period. Sulforaphane at the dose of 5 mg/kg also recovers DNM1L mitochondrial alteration and synaptophysin in the hippocampus, confirming a possible neuroprotective role for this compound. / O ferro ? essencial no c?rebro neonatal para o desenvolvimento neurol?gico normal e para o estabelecimento da concentra??o de ferro no c?rebro adulto, j? que a absor??o de ferro ? m?xima durante o per?odo neonatal. Acredita-se que a sobrecarga de ferro contribua para o desenvolvimento da neurodegenera??o, na exacerba??o das taxas normais de apoptose, em grande parte devido ? sua participa??o na rea??o de Fenton e produ??o de esp?cies reativas de oxig?nio. Estudos pr?vios em nosso laborat?rio demonstraram que o tratamento com ferro no per?odo neonatal piora a mem?ria, bem como aumento em par?metros de estresse oxidativo e em n?veis de prote?nas apopt?ticas. Recentemente, tamb?m demonstramos que esse tratamento reduz os n?veis de sinaptofisina (um marcador sin?ptico) em hipocampo de ratos. As mitoc?ndrias est?o envolvidas neste processo por serem consideradas a fonte intracelular principal do ?nion super?xido bem como o alvo principal de ataque de radicais livres. S?o organelas altamente din?micas que se unem (fus?o) e se dividem (fiss?o) em resposta a est?mulos ambientais, status de desenvolvimento, e as necessidades energ?ticas das c?lulas. As mitoc?ndrias s?o amplamente distribu?das por todos os neur?nios, por?m subpopula??es de mitoc?ndrias s?o enriquecidas pr?-sinapticamente nos terminais nervosos e p?s-sinapticamente nos dendritos. Al?m disso, estas t?m sido implicadas na patog?nese de uma ampla variedade de doen?as neurodegenerativas, onde sinapses s?o conhecidas por serem o alvo principal. O Sulforafano ? um composto natural que vem sendo estudado desde a d?cada de 1980 e considerado por possuir propriedades antioxidantes e anti-inflamat?rias. O presente trabalho visa investigar os efeitos do tratamento com Sulforafano na idade adulta sobre os d?ficits de mem?ria e sobre altera??es em marcadores da fun??o mitocondrial, DNML1 e OPA1, e marcador sin?ptico sinaptofisina, induzidos pelo tratamento neonatal com ferro. Os ratos Wistar machos receberam, por via oral, ve?culo ou ferro carbonila (30mg/kg) do 12? ao 14? dia p?s-natal. Na idade adulta, para a avalia??o dos efeitos do tratamento agudo com Sulforafano sobre a mem?ria, os animais foram treinados na tarefa de reconhecimento de objeto e receberam uma ?nica inje??o, por via intraperitoneal, de ve?culo ou Sulfarafano (0,5 ou 5 mg/kg) imediatamente ap?s o treino. Para a avalia??o dos efeitos do tratamento cr?nico com Sulforafano sobre a mem?ria, os animais foram tratados com ve?culo ou Sulfarafano (0,5 ou 5 mg/kg) durante 14 dias, em dias intercalados e treinados na tarefa de reconhecimento de objeto 24 horas ap?s a ?ltima inje??o. A an?lise de mem?ria foi realizada atrav?s do ?ndice de reconhecimento, expresso pela raz?o entre a quantidade de tempo gasto na explora??o do objeto novo sobre o tempo total gasto explorando ambos os objetos. Os n?veis prot?icos de DNML1, OPA1 e sinaptofisina no hipocampo foram quantificados atrav?s de Western blotting. A quantifica??o das prote?nas foi realizada atrav?s da medida das densidades das bandas individuais, normalizadas pela densidade de ?-actina. Os dados foram analisados atrav?s das compara??es entre as m?dias por an?lise de vari?ncia de uma via (ANOVA), sendo o p<0,05 considerado estatisticamente significativo. Nossos resultados mostraram que o tratamento agudo com Sulforafano (0,5 mg / kg) n?o melhora a mem?ria mas na dose de 5 mg/kg foi capaz de restaurar a mem?ria e no tratamento cr?nico com Sulforafano, ambas as doses recuperam a mem?ria em ratos tratados com ferro no per?odo neonatal. O Sulforafano na dose de 5 mg/kg tamb?m recupera os danos mitocondriais causados na DNM1L e sinaptofisina no hipocampo, corroborando com um poss?vel papel neuroprotetor para esse composto.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-26T13:22:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 467668 Texto Parcial.pdf: 567013 bytes, checksum: 1bc3ad00024849f7dae91336da6c5f16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-26T13:22:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 467668 Texto Parcial.pdf: 567013 bytes, checksum: 1bc3ad00024849f7dae91336da6c5f16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-18 / This work proposes a methodology to obtain the radiopharmaceutical Human Macro-Aggregate Albumin (MAA) for further labeling with the radioisotope technetium-99-metastable (99mTc) and use in diagnostic imaging. The method proposes a process improvement during the manufacturing process for the production of this radiopharmaceutical regarding the established procedures described in international bibliography. 99mTc-MAA is a indispensable radiopharmaceutical, especially for the diagnosis of lung diseases, allowing the evaluation of patient perfusion capacity. This work presents the studies designed to obtain a lyophilized, non-toxic, sterile and pyrogen-free pharmaceutical preparation for intravenous administration. The injectable product reconstituted was characterized by the uniformity of the particles in suspension in relation to the number and size of protein aggregates. The analysis of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to check the number and size of particles have showed that none of the aggregates had size larger than 150 microns, therefore, within the clinical application limit. The radiochemical assays demonstrated the production of a product with high radiochemical purity (RQP). The radiochemical characteristics presented by the marked product according to the international pharmacopoeial requirements (QRP > 90%) allowing its use for diagnostic imaging through the technique that uses scintigraphic evaluation of pulmonary perfusion in nuclear medicine by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). / O presente trabalho prop?e uma metodologia para obten??o do radiof?rmaco Macro-Agregado de Soro Albumina Humano (MAA), para posterior marca??o deste com o radiois?topo tecn?cio-99-metaest?vel (99mTc) e, assim, seu uso em diagn?stico por imagem. O m?todo prop?e uma melhoria de processo, em processo, para a manufatura deste radiof?rmaco em rela??o aos processos j? descritos nos comp?ndios internacionais. O 99mTc-MAA ? um radiof?rmaco imprescind?vel, principalmente, para o diagn?stico de patologias pulmonares permitindo a avalia??o da capacidade de perfus?o do paciente. Neste trabalho s?o apresentados os estudos desenvolvidos para a obten??o de uma prepara??o farmac?utica liofilizada de natureza at?xica, est?ril e apirog?nica para administra??o endovenosa. O produto injet?vel reconstitu?do foi caracterizado pela uniformidade do particulado em suspens?o em rela??o ao n?mero e ao tamanho dos agregados proteicos. As an?lises de microscopia ?ptica e de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) para verifica??o do tamanho e do n?mero de particulados demonstraram que nenhum dos agregados apresentou tamanho superior a 150 ?m, estando, portanto, dentro do limite m?ximo para aplica??o cl?nica. Os ensaios radioqu?micos demonstraram a produ??o de um produto com elevado grau de pureza radioqu?mica (PRQ). As caracter?sticas radioqu?micas apresentadas pelo produto marcado atendem aos requisitos descritos nas farmacopeias internacionais (PRQ > 90%) permitindo o seu emprego para o diagn?stico por imagem utilizando t?cnica de avalia??o cintilogr?fica pulmonar de perfus?o em medicina nuclear por meio da SPECT (tomografia computadorizada por emiss?o de f?ton ?nico).

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-28T11:23:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 469471 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1348026 bytes, checksum: 16b8ca59584d7346e753bbe32dcd068b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-28T11:23:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 469471 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1348026 bytes, checksum: 16b8ca59584d7346e753bbe32dcd068b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-02 / OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to assess the body composition and to associate it with the remission of comorbidities in morbidly obese people who undergone the Rouxen- Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with patients that underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in 2010 and 2011. Anthropometric, biochemical and body composition data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 12 months and 24 months. RESULTS: 49 individuals with an average age of 39.3 ? 13.0 years and were overweight by 51.7 ? 21.0 kg were included in the study. Metabolic syndrome was found in 79.6% of the individuals preoperatively. The group of women presented older age (p = 0.048), lower weight (= 0.48) and higher rates of insulin (p = 0.034) when compared to the group of men. The evaluation of the best cutoff point for the percentage of fat considering the remission of comorbidities at 12 months postoperatively resulted in a value below 34% (95% CI: 53.9% to 85.9%), while at 24 months postoperatively it is a value below 30.5% (95% CI: 42.7% to 85.4%). CONCLUSION: The remission of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia was associated with the reduction in the body fat percentage. / OBJETIVO: O objetivo do nosso trabalho ? avaliar a composi??o corporal e associar ? remiss?o de cormobidezes em indiv?duos portadores de obesidade m?rbida submetidos? gastroplastia redutora em Y de Roux (GRYR). M?TODOS:Foi realizado um estudo de coorte hist?rica, com pacientes submetidos a gastroplastia redutora com deriva??o gastrojejunal em Y-de-Roux (GRYR) nos anos de 2010 e 2011. Os dados antropom?tricos, bioqu?micos e de composi??o corporal e foram coletados no per?odo pr? operat?rio, 12 meses e 24 meses p?s operat?rio. RESULTADOS: Foram inclu?dos no estudo 49 indiv?duos com idade m?dia 39,3?13,0 anos, excesso de peso 51,7?21,0 Kg. No pr? operat?rio 79,6%apresentavam s?ndrome metab?lica.O grupo de mulheres apresentou idade superior (p=0,048), menor peso (=0,48) e taxas de insulina mais altas (p=0,034) do que o grupo de homens. A avalia??o do melhor ponto de corte para o percentual de gordura considerando a remiss?o de comorbidezes em 12 meses p?s operat?rio ? um valor abaixo de 34% (IC 95%: 53,9% a 85,9%) e 24 meses p?s operat?rio ? um valor abaixo de 30,5% (IC 95%: 42,7% a 85,4%).CONCLUS?O: A remiss?o da s?ndrome metab?lica, DM2, dislipidemia e hiperuricemia foi associada a redu??o do percentual de gordura corporal.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-28T11:59:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 469455 - Texto Completo.pdf: 4993843 bytes, checksum: 7aeda1318711d77b5835d47f0530f35c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-28T11:59:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 469455 - Texto Completo.pdf: 4993843 bytes, checksum: 7aeda1318711d77b5835d47f0530f35c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-30 / The present study evaluates aspects of polyomavirus infection in renal transplant patients. Recently, BK virus has been recognized as an important infectious agent because BK virus associated nephropathy (BKVN) has emerged as a significant cause of allograft failure. Currently, studies on its prevalence, risk factors, diagnostics and therapeutics methods, in different populations, are underway around the world. To date, this ?newly emerged? infection remains mysterious in many aspects. The methods used to diagnosis polyomavirus infection are urinary cytology, urinary and plasmatic viral PCR and renal histology. Urinary cytology is an inexpensive and a simple method where urothelial cells with intranuclear viral inclusions are sought; these are called decoy cells and are thought to represent viral replication. The prevalence of decoy cells in renal transplants recipients is between 20 and 60%. Of these, 1 to 8% develops BKV nephropathy in witch case up to 80% may lose their grafts. No data on the prevalence of decoy cells in pancreas graft recipients has been published so far. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of decoy cells in kidney, pancreas and kidney-pancreas recipients. The presence of decoy cells has been correlated with clinical variables, in an attempt to analyze risk factors. Two hundred and twenty one patients, 18 years-old or older, with more than 1 month follow up after transplantation, that attended the outpatients clinic between September and December 2006 were studied. The total prevalence of decoy cells was 16% (16.9% in kidney recipients, 5.9% in simultaneous kidney-pancreas recipients and 20% in pancreas alone recipients). There were no statistically significant differences between patients with either positive or negative urinary cytology for decoy cells, regarding demographic (gender, age, race) or clinical (time post-transplantation, donor type and history of delayed graft function or rejection, other associated viral infections and type of immunosuppressive drugs employed) variables. / O presente trabalho aborda aspectos relacionados ? infec??o por poliomav?rus em pacientes transplantados de rim e p?ncreas. Este v?rus teve sua import?ncia destacada nos ?ltimos anos, em virtude da descoberta de sua associa??o com uma nefropatia respons?vel por redu??o significativa da sobrevida do enxerto renal. Muitos estudos est?o em andamento para avaliar a ocorr?ncia do v?rus em diferentes popula??es, seus fatores de riscos, m?todos para diagn?stico e terap?uticas. At? o momento, esta ?nova? infec??o permanece misteriosa em muitos aspectos. Os m?todos para diagn?stico da infec??o pelo poliomav?rus consistem de citologia urin?ria, pesquisa do v?rus por PCR na urina e sangue e histologia renal. A citologia urin?ria ? um m?todo de f?cil realiza??o e baixo custo, onde pesquisa-se a ocorr?ncia de c?lulas epiteliais com inclus?es virais intranucleares, denominadas de c?lulas decoy. Estas c?lulas sugerem replica??o viral. A preval?ncia de c?lulas decoy em pacientes transplantados renais varia de 20 a 60%. Destes, cerca de 1 a 8% desenvolvem nefropatia relacionada ao v?rus, associada com perda de enxerto renal variando de 10 a 80% dos casos. N?o h? relatos sobre preval?ncia de c?lulas decoy em transplantados pancre?ticos. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a preval?ncia das c?lulas decoy em pacientes transplantados de rim, p?ncreas e p?ncreas-rim no nosso meio. A ocorr?ncia de positividade das c?lulas decoy foi correlacionada com diferentes vari?veis cl?nicas, para avaliar fatores de risco associados. Foram avaliados 231 pacientes, maiores de 18 anos, com mais de 1 m?s de transplante, que consultaram no ambulat?rio no per?odo de setembro a dezembro de 2006. A preval?ncia total de c?lulas decoy em pacientes transplantados no Hospital S?o Lucas da PUCRS foi de 16% (16,9% em pacientes transplantados de rim, 5,9% em pacientes com transplante simult?neo de p?ncreas e rim e 20% em pacientes transplantados de p?ncreas isolado). N?o houve diferen?a estatisticamente significativa entre os pacientes com citologia positiva e negativa para c?lulas decoy em rela??o as vari?veis demogr?ficas (sexo, idade e ra?a) ou cl?nicas (tempo em transplante, tipo de transplante, tipo de doador, hist?ria de disfun??o prim?ria ou rejei??o, outras infec??es virais associadas e tipo de imunossupress?o).

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-06-09T11:53:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 470114 Texto Completo.pdf: 2815237 bytes, checksum: 5835b9434cc0b7b3f6ebd8d509d51830 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-09T11:53:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 470114 Texto Completo.pdf: 2815237 bytes, checksum: 5835b9434cc0b7b3f6ebd8d509d51830 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-03 / Introduction: The oldest old (80 years and older), are the segment of the population which has increased the most in Brazil. Among the leading causes of death in the oldest old are respiratory diseases, which average annual rate is 10 times higher than in the age group 60-69 years-old. Loss of muscle mass is a common factor in the aging process and can be associated with a decrease in the respiratory function.Objective: to investigate the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP) in the oldest old, as well as understand the factors potentially associated with HGS.Methods: descriptive and analytical study with convenience sampling.Results: The oldest old with higher HGS showed higher values of MIP and MEP. Functional disability was the variable most associated with HGS, the greater the degree of dependence, the worse the test result.Conclusion: The HGS is an important predictor of MIP and MEP. Therefore, motor physical therapy in the oldest old should also be prioritized in the rehabilitation of respiratory diseases. The maintenance of muscle strength can be a determining factor in the preservation of functional ability in the oldest old. / Introdu??o: Idosos com 80 anos ou mais, chamados longevos, s?o a camada da popula??o que mais tem crescido no Brasil. Entre as principais causas de mortalidade em longevos est?o ?s doen?as respirat?rias, cujo coeficiente m?dio anual ? 10 vezes superior ao do grupo et?rio de 60 a 69 anos. A perda da massa muscular ? um fator comum no processo de envelhecimento e que pode estar relacionada com a diminui??o da fun??o ventilat?ria.Objetivo: Verificar a associa??o entre a for?a de preens?o palmar (FPM) e a for?a da musculatura ventilat?ria (PImax e PEmax) em longevos, assim como compreender os fatores potencialmente associados ? FPM.M?todos: Estudo observacional descritivo e anal?tico, com amostragem por conveni?ncia.Resultados: Longevos com maior FPM, apresentaram maiores valores de PImax e PEmax. A incapacidade funcional foi a vari?vel com maior associa??o com FPM, quanto maior o grau de depend?ncia, pior o resultado no teste.Conclus?o: A FPM foi um importante preditor da PImax e PEmax. Portanto, a realiza??o da fisioterapia motora nos longevos deve tamb?m ser priorizada na reabilita??o de doen?as respirat?rias. A manuten??o da for?a muscular pode ser um fator determinante na preserva??o da capacidade funcional em longevos.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-07-01T21:18:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 471590 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 399268 bytes, checksum: 811650fee8352c7477a6f3dfc7117912 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-01T21:18:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 471590 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 399268 bytes, checksum: 811650fee8352c7477a6f3dfc7117912 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation has been indicated for lung transplant candidates as a preventive and therapeutic intervention to improve patients? functional capacity and quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation on functional capacity and quality of life of patients in the waiting list or who have already been transplanted. Methodology: The potential eligible studies published until June 2014 were identified through a database search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Pedro, Web of Science, and in reference of the articles. The search was conducted using a combination of the following terms: ?Pulmonary Rehabilitation? AND ?Lung Transplant? OR ?Lung Transplant Candidates?. Trials which the intervention consisted of pre and/or postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation programs were included. Articles that the rehabilitation included only nutritional and/or drug and/or psychosocial interventions; research that did not have pulmonary rehabilitation as the main focus and that were related to other transplanted organs; and even the ones that did not differentiate the results obtained by the transplanted organ were excluded. The main study outcomes were functional capacity and health-related quality of life, survival was shown as a secondary one. Two reviewers independently assessed the articles regarding their eligibility criteria. A third reviewer determined the inclusion of items in situations of disagreement between the other reviewers. The quality criteria of the articles were assessed by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) instrument and in evidence-based medicine. Results: Seven articles were included in this systematic review, totaling 314 patients with a mean age of 32.5 years. There was an increase on average of 47.6 meters in the 6-minute walk test for preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation programs and 122 meters in the postoperative rehabilitation program. The maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) increased, on average, 0.41 in postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation programs using cycle ergometers. The domains of physical and mental health of the SF-36 questionnaire had significant increases in the preoperative period. There was significant improvement in all domains of the SF-36 with the postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation program. The Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) was mentioned in just one article in the postoperative period which showed improvement in dyspnea with an increase of 0.6 points. Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation is an effective intervention for both pre and post-lung transplantation. The findings suggest significant changes in functional capacity and quality of life of these patients. Methodologically, the studies should provide accurate and valid data for pre and postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation. New clinical trials on the benefits of rehabilitation should be started, keeping the concern with ethics, randomization, homogeneous groups and the logistical challenges of such tests. / Introdu??o: A reabilita??o pulmonar tem sido indicada para os pacientes candidatos a transplante pulmonar como uma interven??o preventiva e terap?utica para a melhora da capacidade funcional e da qualidade de vida. Objetivo: avaliar os benef?cios da reabilita??o pulmonar na capacidade funcional e na qualidade de vida em pacientes em lista de espera ou transplantados pulmonar. Metodologia: Os potenciais estudos eleg?veis publicados at? junho 2014 foram identificados a partir da pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Pedro, Web of Science e na lista de refer?ncias dos artigos. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando a combina??o dos seguintes termos: ?Pulmonary Rehabilitation? AND ?Lung Transplant? OR ?Candidates Lung Transplant?. Foram inclu?dos ensaios cl?nicos que a interven??o consistiu em programas de reabilita??o pr? e/ou p?s-transplante pulmonar. Foram exclu?dos os artigos que a reabilita??o incluiu apenas interven??es nutricionais e/ou medicamentosa e/ou psicossociais; pesquisas que n?o trouxessem a reabilita??o pulmonar como enfoque principal e que se relacionaram a outros ?rg?os transplantados, ou ainda que n?o diferenciaram os resultados obtidos por ?rg?o transplantado. Os desfechos principais do estudo foram ? capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida relacionada ? sa?de sendo a sobrevida o desfecho secund?rio. Dois revisores analisaram independentemente artigos quanto aos crit?rios de elegibilidade. Um terceiro pesquisador definiu a inclus?o dos artigos em situa??es de discord?ncia entre os revisores. Os crit?rios de qualidade dos artigos foram avaliados mediante instrumento QUADAS e na medicina baseada em evid?ncias. Resultados: Sete artigos foram inclu?dos na presente revis?o sistem?tica, totalizando 314 pacientes com idade m?dia de 32,5 anos. Houve um aumento em m?dia de 47,6 metros no Teste de Caminhada de 6 Minutos os programas de reabilita??o pr?-pulmonar e 122 metros no programa p?s- reabilita??o. O consumo de oxig?nio de pico (VO2 peak) aumentou em m?dia em 0,41 nos programas de reabilita??o p?s-transplante, atrav?s de cicloerg?metros. Os dom?nios de sa?de f?sica e mental do question?rio SF-36 obtiveram aumentos significativos no per?odo pr?-transplante. Houve melhora significativa em todos os dom?nios do SF-36 com o programa de reabilita??o p?s-transplante pulmonar. Apenas 1 artigo utilizou o question?rio Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) no per?odo p?s-transplante pulmonar, que referenciou melhora apenas no quesito dispneia com um aumento de 0,6 pontos. Conclus?o: A reabilita??o pulmonar ? uma interven??o efetiva para o manejo tanto pr? quanto p?s-transplante pulmonar. Os achados encontrados sugerem mudan?as relevantes na capacidade funcional e na qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Metodologicamente, os estudos devem prover dados precisos e v?lidos para a reabilita??o pulmonar pr? e p?s-transplante. Novos ensaios cl?nicos sobre os benef?cios da reabilita??o devem ser iniciados, mantendo a preocupa??o com a ?tica, a randomiza??o, em rela??o aos grupos homog?neos e com os desafios log?sticos desses ensaios.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-07-03T20:19:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 471666 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 551139 bytes, checksum: 5bb0227a6e5feda8fdccb22fc3a5fdf1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-03T20:19:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 471666 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 551139 bytes, checksum: 5bb0227a6e5feda8fdccb22fc3a5fdf1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / BACKGROUND: Obesity has been a worldwide public health problem, with a high prevalence in children and adolescents. Visceral fat is associated with increased metabolic risk and more subject to complications in relation to chronic diseases in adulthood. One of them is the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease alcoholic. Several diagnostic methods have been used to measure visceral fat and liver fat infiltration. MRI is an excellent accuracy in assessing visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat in studies in adults and children mainly with the use of MRI 1.5T. One of our goals was to evaluate the 3T MRI to measure the visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat, correlating anthropometric and laboratory values in obese and normal-weight adolescents. Moreover, ultrasound has been used as an evaluation tool of fatty infiltration of the liver. The hepatorenal index has been used in order to objectify the evaluation of steatosis. The aim of our study is to evaluate the hepatorenal index in the same group of adolescents, correlating it with anthropometric and laboratory parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, observational study. Fifty-seven adolescents were divided into two groups: overweight / obese (24) and normal (33). All patients underwent ultrasonography, magnetic resonance 3T, anthropometric and laboratory tests. The images of US and MRI were analyzed using the ImageJ softwer. All variables were correlated with visceral and subcutaneous fat and the HRI. RESULTS: The results obtained in this study were divided into two articles. The first correlated the area and the percentage of visceral and subcutaneous fat with anthropometric and laboratory values in obese and normal weight. We observed a correlation between waist circumference in both obese and normal weight. In obese, the total cholesterol/HDL, insulin levels and HOMA-IR were positively correlated with visceral fat. In both groups, the positive correlation was also observed at the level of triglycerides. In the second article, the IHR was positively correlated with DBP and AST in obese, and negatively correlated with HDL. In eutrophic, only males was correlated with the HRI. CONCLUSION: both visceral fat and subcutaneous evaluated by MRI 3T as the HRI evaluated by the US, are easily analyzed with computer analysis using the ImageJ softwer. Waist circumference is a good predictor of both abdominal fat in obese as in normal weight. In obese, visceral fat is associated with insulin resistance-related indicators (insulin and HOMA-IR) and dyslipidemia (total cholesterol / HDL). HDL as a protection in the obese. Triglycerides are visceral fat predictors in both obese as in normal weight. The IHR correlates with DBP and ALT in obese, which again have a protective HDL. In eutrophic, the male has a higher positive correlation with hepatorenal index. / INTRODU??O: a obesidade vem sendo um problema de sa?de p?blica mundial, apresentando uma preval?ncia alta em crian?as e adolescentes. A gordura visceral est? associada a um maior risco metab?lico e mais sujeita a complica??es no que se refere a doen?as cr?nicas na vida adulta. Uma dessas complica??es ? a doen?a hep?tica gordurosa n?o alc?olica (esteatose hep?tica). Diversos m?todos diagn?sticos t?m sido usados para mensurar a gordura visceral e a infiltra??o gordurosa hep?tica. A resson?ncia magn?tica (RM) apresenta uma excelente acur?cia na avalia??o da gordura abdominal visceral e subcut?nea em estudos realizados em adultos e crian?as, principalmente com o uso da RM de 1,5 Tesla. Um dos nossos objetivos foi avaliar a RM de 3 Tesla na mensura??o da gordura abdominal visceral e subcut?nea, correlacionando par?metros antropom?tricos e valores laboratoriais em adolescentes obesos e eutr?ficos. Por outro lado, ultrassonografia (US) tem sido usada como ferramenta de avalia??o da esteatose hep?tica. Um dos par?metros utilizados, ? o ?ndice hepatorrenal (IHR), com a finalidade objetivar a avalia??o da esteatose. O objetivo do nosso estudo ? avaliar o ?ndice hepatorrenal no mesmo grupo de adolescentes, correlacionando-o com antropometria e par?metros laboratoriais. Analisar as imagens obtidas tanto em RM como na US como o aux?lio de um programa de dom?nio p?blico. MATERIAL E M?TODOS: estudo prospectivo, transversal, observacional. Cinquenta e sete adolescentes foram divididos em dois grupos: sobrepeso/obesos (24) e eutr?ficos (33). Todos realizaram ultrassonografia, resson?ncia magn?tica 3T, avalia??o antropom?trica e exames laboratoriais. As imagens da US e RM foram analisadas com utiliza??o do programa ImageJ. Todas as vari?veis foram correlacionadas com a gordura visceral e subcut?nea e com o IHR. RESULTADOS: os resultados obtidos nesse estudo foram divididos em dois artigos. No primeiro, correlacionamos a ?rea e o percentual de gordura visceral e subcut?nea com par?metros antropom?tricos e valores laboratoriais em obesos e eutr?ficos. Observamos uma correla??o da circunfer?ncia abdominal tanto em obesos como eutr?ficos com a gordura visceral. No obesos a rela??o colesterol total/HDL, os n?veis de insulina e o modelo de avalia??o da homeostase - resist?ncia ? insulina (HOMA-IR) correlacionaram-se positivamente com a gordura visceral. Em ambos os grupos, a correla??o positiva tamb?m foi observada com o n?vel de triglicer?deos. No segundo artigo, o IHR correlacionou-se positivamente com tens?o arterial diast?lica e transaminase glut?mica pir?vica nos obesos, sendo negativamente correlacionado com o HDL. Nos eutr?ficos, apenas o sexo masculino esteve correlacionado com o IHR. CONCLUS?O: tanto a gordura visceral como subcut?nea avaliadas pela RM 3T quanto o IHR avaliado pela US, s?o facilmente analisados com an?lise computadorizada com utiliza??o do programa ImageJ. A circunfer?ncia abdominal ? um bom preditor de gordura abdominal tanto em obesos como em eutr?ficos. Nos obesos, a gordura visceral est? associada com indicadores relacionados ? resist?ncia ? insulina (insulina e HOMA-IR) e dislipidemia (rela??o colesterol total/HDL). O HDL atua como protetor nos obesos. Os triglicer?deos s?o preditores de gordura visceral tanto em obesos como em eutr?ficos. O IHR correlaciona-se com a tens?o arterial diast?lica e com a transaminase glut?mica pir?vica em obesos, que novamente apresentam como protetor o colesterol HDL. Nos eutr?ficos, o sexo masculino apresenta maior correla??o positiva com o ?ndice hepatorrenal.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-08-17T19:56:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 473525 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 378184 bytes, checksum: b680d905cd5090c77c92df187b59241d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-17T19:56:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 473525 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 378184 bytes, checksum: b680d905cd5090c77c92df187b59241d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Epilepsy comprehends a category of syndromes characterized by spontaneous and recurrent crises (SRCs), which are a result of intense electric activity, synchronized and rhythmic of neuronal populations of the central nervous system (CNS), and of excessive excitability in the absence of a toxic-metabolic condition or fever 1 2, 3. Experimental studies have shown that SE induction in rodents provokes pronounced inflammatory cerebral reaction involving endothelial cells, glia, and neurons4, 5. Our group has shown that intravenous bone marrow cells administration following lithium-pilocarpine SE induction reduces SRCs, improves cognitive function, and modulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines6, 7. The spleen is important to induce cerebral inflammatory response and also is an important target for stem cell intervention therapies8. Splenectomy before a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) significantly reduces the infarction size in the brain9. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that in the pilocarpine model splenectomy decreases the severity of crises, the time to SE onset, and the mortality rate caused by SE10. The aim of the present work was investigating the importance of the interaction between bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMC) and the spleen in epileptic rats. As a result, the animals treated with BMC presented a better capability of memory retrieval in the Morris aquatic maze (MAM) when compared to the treated animals without the spleen. Besides, the treatment did not present the potential of reducing the levels of IL-1 ? or of increasing the levels of IL-10 in the serum and hippocampus of treated rats without the spleen. In conclusion, the work suggests that the spleen could be involved in the therapeutic effect promoted by BMC transplant. / A epilepsia compreende uma categoria de s?ndromes que se caracterizam por crises espont?neas e recorrentes (CERs), que s?o resultados de disparos el?tricos intensos, sincronizados e r?tmicos de popula??es neuronais no sistema nervoso central (SNC) e de excitabilidade excessiva, na aus?ncia de condi??o t?xico-metab?lica ou febril.1 2, 3 Pesquisas experimentais mostram que a indu??o do Status Epil?pticos (SE) em roedores provoca rea??o inflamat?ria cerebral pronunciada envolvendo as c?lulas endoteliais, glia e neur?nios.4, 5 Nosso grupo mostrou que a administra??o de c?lulas da medula ?ssea por via intravenosa depois da indu??o do SE por l?tio-pilocarpina ? capaz de reduzir as CERs, melhorar a fun??o cognitiva e modular a produ??o de citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias.6, 7 O ba?o ? importante na indu??o da resposta inflamat?ria cerebral e tamb?m ? um alvo importante para a interven??o de c?lulas-tronco.8 A esplenectomia antes do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) reduz significativamente o tamanho do infarto no c?rebro.9 Foi tamb?m demonstrado que no modelo da pilocarpina, a esplenectomia diminuiu a gravidade das crises, o tempo para o in?cio do SE, e a taxa de mortalidade causada pelo SE.10 O objetivo do presente trabalho ? investigar a import?ncia da intera??o entre c?lulas mononucleares da medula ?ssea (CMMO) e o ba?o em ratos epil?pticos. Como resultado do trabalho nossos animais tratados com as CMMO apresentaram melhor capacidade de reter a mem?ria no teste do LAM quando comparados aos animais tratados sem o ba?o. Al?m disso, nesses animais o tratamento n?o teve o potencial de reduzir as taxas de IL-1 ? no soro e nem de aumentar os n?veis de IL-10 no soro e no hipocampo de ratos tratados e sem o ba?o. Concluindo, o trabalho sugere que o ba?o possa estar envolvido modulando a cascata inflamat?ria no efeito terap?utico promovido pelo transplante de CMMO.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-09-14T11:12:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 474772 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1124242 bytes, checksum: fab9ded47ccf23deb14095b1140f7d8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-14T11:12:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 474772 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1124242 bytes, checksum: fab9ded47ccf23deb14095b1140f7d8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-15 / Around 1.1 million cases of prostate cancer are estimated worldwide every year, accounting for more than 250,000 deaths. It is widely known that the improvement on patients' prognosis is due to an early diagnosis of this neoplasm. Although the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) has some limitations concerning sensitivity and specificity for the pathology in question, its serum dosage is used in many countries as a tool for screening and early detection of prostate cancer, which makes it one of the most used devices since its discovery. In 2014, the Brazilian public health system authorized more than 4.8million tests of this kind. Considering the territorial and economic heterogeneity of the Brazilian population, it is necessary to the develop tests with low cost and easy application, which will assist the diagnosis of prostate cancer, without sacrificing sensitivity and specificity. Thus, this study means to validate a rapid test for semi-quantification of PSA in human serum, developed by the Brazilian company FK Biotechnology. At the end of the study, the product showed diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85.71%, being considered satisfactory for a preliminary test, but requiring subsequent adjustments. / Cerca de 1 milh?o e 100 mil casos de c?ncer de pr?stata s?o estimados no mundo anualmente, respons?veis por mais de 250 mil ?bitos. Sabe-se que a melhora do progn?stico dos pacientes deve-se a um diagn?stico precoce desta neoplasia. Embora o Ant?geno Prost?tico Espec?fico (PSA) tenha limita??es do ponto de vista de sensibilidade e especificidade para a patologia em destaque, sua dosagem s?rica ? utilizada em muitos pa?ses como ferramenta para o rastreamento e detec??o precoce de c?ncer de pr?stata, caracterizando-o como uma das ferramentas mais utilizadas desde sua descoberta. Em 2014, o sistema p?blico de sa?de brasileiro autorizou aproximadamente mais de 4,8 milh?es de testes como este. Levando em considera??o a heterogeneidade territorial e econ?mica da popula??o do Brasil, ? necess?ria a elabora??o de ensaios de baixo custo e f?cil aplica??o que possam auxiliar no diagn?stico do c?ncer de pr?stata, sem abrir m?o da sensibilidade e especificidade. Desta forma, o presente trabalho consistiu na valida??o de um teste r?pido desenvolvido por uma empresa brasileira de biotecnologia para semi-quantifica??o de PSA em soro humano. Ao final do estudo, o produto apresentou sensibilidade diagn?stica = 100% e especificidade = 85,71%, sendo considerado satisfat?rio para um teste preliminar, mas necessitando ajustes posteriores.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-09-16T22:49:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 474864 - Texto Completo.pdf: 4783570 bytes, checksum: 1da454a8aaea971c62e4fff0a6d841a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-16T22:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 474864 - Texto Completo.pdf: 4783570 bytes, checksum: 1da454a8aaea971c62e4fff0a6d841a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-03 / Introduction : The cellular and physiological changes that accompany the aging process has pronounced effects in neurodegenerative diseases. Factors that produce neurodegeneration do so through different processes that culminate in a common signaling pathway cascade. Stem cells communicate via cellular signaling mechanisms, which is part of a complex system which governs and coordinates activities and cell functions. Understanding the mechanisms and forms of intercellular communication and their relationship in the activation of signaling cascades from the surface receptor to the cell nucleus during neurogenesis, will answer some pertinent questions to the mechanisms of action of stem cells in repair central nervous system. Objective : This study aimed to determine which RTKs being activated during neurogenesis of adult stem cells from human umbilical cord tissue. Methods : Adult stem cells were obtained from human umbilical cord tissue (n = 3) and subjected to specific inducers in neurodifferentiation means. The kit Human Phospho-RTK Array was used for evaluating the phosphorylation of the RTK and the expression determined by realtime PCR. Results : The mesenchymal stem cells obtained from umbilical cord tissue were confirmed by differentiation induction in adipocytes and osteocytes cells. The neurodifferentiation was confirmed by expression of genes that are expressed during neurogenesis in cells and neural cells, as well as immunocytochemistry technique markings which showed nuclear (DAPI) and cell processes (Fluoropan). During the neuroinduction processes and neurodifferentiation the phosphorylation levels of RTKs were variable, with no clear pattern. The Ryk receptor showed no significant changes in their levels of phosphorylation of the three samples studied and the different stages of differentiation, ie, mesenchymal, neuroinductions and neurodifferentiates cells. Conclusions : The tyrosine kinases are actively being phosphorylated during neuroinduction and neurogenesis, with varying standards between the different stages and between different samples, reflecting the variability of human adult stem cells. / Introdu??o : As altera??es celulares e fisiol?gicas que acompanham o processo de envelhecimento tem efeitos pronunciados nas doen?as neurodegenerativas. Os fatores que produzem neurodegenera??o o fazem atrav?s de diferentes processos, que culminam em uma via comum de cascata de sinaliza??o. As c?lulas-tronco se comunicam por mecanismos de sinaliza??o celular, que faz parte de um complexo sistema que governa e coordena as atividades e fun??es celulares. Compreender os mecanismos e as formas de comunica??o intercelular e a sua rela??o na ativa??o das cascatas de sinaliza??o, desde o receptor de superf?cie at? o n?cleo celular, durante a neurog?nese, permitir? responder algumas quest?es pertinentes aos mecanismos de a??o das c?lulas-tronco no reparo do sistema nervoso central. Objetivo : Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar quais os RTKs que est?o sendo ativados durante a neurog?nese de c?lulas-tronco adultas de tecido de cord?o umbilical humano. Metodologia : C?lulas-tronco adultas foram obtidas de tecido de cord?o umbilical humano (n=3) e submetidas a neurodiferencia??o em meios indutores espec?ficos. O kit Human Phospho-RTK Array foi utilizado para avalia??o da fosforila??o dos RTKs e a express?o determinada por PCR em tempo real. Resultados : As c?lulas-tronco mesenquimais obtidas do tecido do cord?o umbilical foram confirmadas atrav?s da indu??o de diferencia??o em c?lulas adip?citas e oste?citas. A neurodiferencia??o foi confirmada atrav?s da express?o de genes que s?o expressos nas c?lulas durante a neurog?nese e em c?lulas neurais, como tamb?m a t?cnica de imunocitoqu?mica que mostrou marca??es nucleares (DAPI) e prolongamentos celulares (Fluoropan). Durante os processos de neuroindu??o e neurodiferencia??o os n?veis de fosforila??o dos RTKs foram vari?veis, sem um padr?o definido. O receptor Ryk n?o apresentou altera??es significativas nos seus n?veis de fosforila??o entre as tr?s amostras estudadas e nas diferentes etapas de diferencia??o, isto ?, c?lulas-tronco mesenquimais, c?lulas neuroinduzidas e c?lulas neurodiferenciadas. Conclus?es : Os receptores tirosina quinases est?o sendo ativamente fosforilados durante a neuroindu??o e neurog?nese, com padr?es vari?veis entre as diferentes etapas e entre diferentes amostras, refletindo a variabilidade das c?lulas-tronco adultas humanas.