Este trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar a presença do conceito de discrição em três capítulos da obra Don Quijote de la Mancha, de Miguel de Cervantes. Tais capítulos estão localizados na segunda parte da obra e se referem aos conselhos dados por Dom Quixote ao seu fiel escudeiro, Sancho Pança, antes que este assumisse seu governo na ilha Barataria. O conceito de discrição é bastante amplo e complexo. Fazem parte dele atitudes morais e sociais que visam a uma adequada atuação social do indivíduo no universo em que ele se encontra. O exercício da discrição requer o conhecimento de alguns elementos que funcionam como uma espécie de pré-requisito para a sua prática. Entre eles estão a prudência, o discernimento, a cultura e a erudição. Contribuem para a apreensão do conceito de discrição os tratados sobre comportamento social dos séculos XVI e XVII, sobre os quais teceremos comentários específicos, relacionando-os, sempre que possível, ao Quixote de Cervantes. Em nossas considerações, também verificaremos a maneira específica como Cervantes trabalha o conceito de discrição em sua narrativa. Por vezes, o autor subverte as regras do decoro literário, promovendo a quebra da rigidez do conceito, utilizando-o de uma maneira que demonstra variedade em sua aplicação. / This dissertation aims at examining the presence of the concept of discretion in three chapters of Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes. Such chapters belong to the second part of mentioned book and they refer to the pieces of advice given by dom Quixote to Sancho Pança, before his faithful squire assumed the government of Barataria island. The concept of discretion is quite vast and complex. It includes moral and social attitudes wich provide for the individual\'s proper social behavior within the universe where he lives. In order to be put into practice, the exercise of discretion demands the knowledge of some elements that function as a kind of pré-requirements, such as prudence, discernment, education and erudition. Treatises on social behavior in the 16th and 17th centuries contribute to the understanding of the concept of discretion, and we are making specific comments on them in search, as far as posible, of their connections with Cervantes\'s Quixote. Along this study we are also examining the specific way Cervantes deals with the concept of discretion in his narrative. There are instances in which the writer subverts the rules of literary decorum causing a rupture in the rigidity of the concept by using it in such a way that demonstrates variety in its application.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-06-14T12:02:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dianafernandavazdemelodossantos.pdf: 894246 bytes, checksum: 23408df176d9b26046a53d81013138fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-06-14T12:44:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dianafernandavazdemelodossantos.pdf: 894246 bytes, checksum: 23408df176d9b26046a53d81013138fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T12:44:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dianafernandavazdemelodossantos.pdf: 894246 bytes, checksum: 23408df176d9b26046a53d81013138fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / A proposta dessa pesquisa é identificar e compreender a lógica de funcionamento das relações de compadrio em Catas Altas, freguesia pertencente ao termo da Vila do Carmo (atual Mariana) nas Minas Gerais tendo como foco a primeira metade do século XVIII, período de grande efervescência econômica e aumento populacional, mas principalmente porque neste período a população está se assentando e com isso criando possíveis vínculos afetivos e financeiros. As relações de parentesco e compadrio na sociedade do Antigo Regime ultrapassavam as relações de vizinhança. O compadrio era utilizado de várias maneiras pelos grupos sociais como instrumento na formação e consolidação de comunidades, assim como possibilitava o estreitamento das relações entre diferentes estratos sociais. Tais vínculos eram criados não apenas em grupos de parentescos consanguíneos, mas também na formação de alianças de “parentesco fictício” ou até mesmo em redes de clientela. Esta proposta está ligada fundamentalmente à noção de Antigo Regime usada para compreender a sociedade portuguesa, a partir do sistema de mercês e da economia do dom, onde o prestígio e as qualificações do indivíduo eram levados em consideração. Mais especificamente centra-se no conceito de reciprocidade, onde os mecanismos de solidariedade eram caracterizados por um projeto social baseado na justiça distributiva e simultaneamente numa rígida hierarquização social na qual quem garantia o funcionamento ou a mediação dessas relações sociais era a Igreja em seu papel de tutora. / A survey of the research is identified and a working logic of the relations of compadrio in Catas Altas, parish with the term of Vila do Carmo (present Mariana) in Minas Gerais, focusing on the first half of the eighteenth century, a period of great economic and economic effervescence increase, but mainly because this period is a physical condition and is settling and thus creating possible affective and financial ties. The relations of kinship and compadrio in the society of the Old Regime surpassed like relations of neighborhood. Compadrio was used in various ways, for example, as an instrument for the formation and consolidation of communities, as well as the possibility of closer relations between different social strata. Such links are created not only in inbreeding kinship groups but also in the formation of alliances of "fictional kinship" or even in clientele networks. Established at the request of a Portuguese society, from the mercy system and the economy of the gift, where the prestige and qualifications of the individual are led into criticism. More specifically it focuses on the concept of reciprocity, where the mechanisms of solidarity are characterized by a social project based on distributive justice and simultaneously in a rigid social hierarchy in which those who guarantee the functioning or mediation of relations were a Church in its role of tutor

No description available.

I denna uppsats undersöks språkbruket av de/dem/dom hos svenska skolelever i årskurserna 4–6, 8–9 och i olika årskurser inom tre olika gymnasieprogram. 165 elever i grundskolan och gymnasiet har svarat på en enkät utformad för att undersöka kunskapen i distinktionen mellan de/dem. Vi undersöker och diskuterar vad resultaten kan komma att ha för betydelse för användningen av pronomenen och om det skulle vara fördelaktigt att införa ett enhetligt pronomen. Frågan om de och dem borde ersättas av dom har varit en diskussion sedan början av 1900-talet men har blivit än mer ifrågasatt sedan 1950-talet. Frågan diskuteras fortfarande och ännu har ingen lösning eller kompromiss tillämpats. I uppsatsen kommer olika kompromisser som föreslagits att redovisas.     I denna uppsats undersöks också vad skolans ansvar är när eleverna ska lära sig de skriftliga normerna, specifikt de/dem och hur språket kan komma att se ut om utbildningen fortsätter som den gör idag.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / From a phenomenological perspective, is investigated the ethical concepts of alterity and mutual recognition in the work of Paul Ricoeur. In the first place, it s shown that, after pointing out the central role of the other in the Aristotelian concept of friendship and the second formulation of Kantian s categorical imperative, Ricoeur suggests the practical wisdom as a point of balance between the teleological tendency and deontological. In the second place, based on the phenomenological approach, it is demonstrated that the radical polarization in terms ego and alter ego is invalid insofar that it does not lead the valorization of other's uniqueness. From the relationship between the ethic of respect and sympathy of the phenomenology, results that is necessary situate the historical character and anthropological of the alterity, firmed by the inherent conflicts in the struggle for recognition. Finally, it is evident that the struggle, the violence and the disregard are forms of recognition of someone that deny the alterity and conceal the desire for solitude through his death. As an alternative to the recognition for the struggle, is presented a model of peaceful recognition that is established through the generosity and gratitude, inherent of the dynamics of exchange of gifts. / Desde uma perspectiva fenomenológica, investigam-se os conceitos éticos de alteridade e de reconhecimento mútuo na obra de Paul Ricoeur. Em primeiro lugar, mostra-se que, depois de destacar o papel central do outro no conceito aristotélico de amizade e na segunda formulação do imperativo categórico kantiano, Ricoeur sugere a sabedoria prática como ponto de equilíbrio entre a tendência teleológica e a deontológica. Em segundo lugar, com base na abordagem fenomenológica, demonstra-se que a polarização radicalizada nos termos ego e alter ego é inválida na medida em que não leva à valorização da singularidade do outro. Da relação entre a ética do respeito e a fenomenologia da simpatia, resulta que é preciso situar o caráter histórico e antropológico da alteridade, firmado mediante os conflitos inerentes à luta pelo reconhecimento. Por último, evidencia-se que a luta, a violência e o desprezo constituem formas de reconhecimento do outro, que negam a alteridade e ocultam o desejo de solidão mediante a sua morte. Como alternativa ao reconhecimento pela luta, apresenta-se o modelo de reconhecimento pacífico que se estabelece por meio da generosidade e da gratidão, próprios da dinâmica da troca de dons.

No description available.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of organic compounds and represents the largest reservoirs of carbon (C) on earth. Particulate organic matter (POM) is another important carbon component in C cycling and controls a variety of biogeochemical processes. Estuaries, as important interfaces between land and ocean, play important roles in retaining and transforming such organic matter (OM) and serve as both sources and sinks of DOM and POM. There is a diverse array of both autochthonous and allochthonous OM sources in wetland/estuarine ecosystems. A comprehensive study on the sources, transformation and fate of OM in such ecosystems is essential in advancing our understanding of C cycling and better constraining the global C budget. In this work, DOM characteristics were investigated in different estuaries. Dissolved organic matter source strengths and dynamics were assessed in a seagrass-dominated subtropical estuarine lagoon. DOM dynamics controlled by hydrology and seagrass primary productivity were confirmed, and the primary source of DOM was quantified using the combination of excitation emission matrix fluorescence with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and stable C isotope analysis. Seagrass can contribute up to 72% of the DOM in the study area. The spatial and temporal variation of DOM dynamics was also studied in a freshwated dominated estuary fringed with extensive salt marshes. The data showed that DOM was primarily derived from freshwater marshes and controlled by hydrology while salt marsh plants play a significant role in structuring the distribution patterns of DOM quality and quantity. The OM dynamics was also investigated in a mangrove-dominate estuary and a comparative study was conducted between the DOM and POM pools. The results revealed both similarity and dissimilarity in DOM and POM composition. The dynamics of both OM pools are largely uncoupled as a result of source differences. Fringe mangrove swamps are suggested to export similar amounts of DOM and POM and should be considered as an important source in coastal C budgets. Lastly, chemical characterizations were conducted on the featured fluorescence component in OM in an attempt to better understand the composition and origins of the specific PARAFAC component. The traditionally defined ‘protein-like’ fluorescence was found to contain both proteinaceous and phenolic compounds, suggesting that the application of this parameter as a proxy for amino acid content and bioavailability may be limited.

Mangroves are the dominant vegetation in Everglades estuarine environment and are known to contain polyphenols such as tannins, which present similar fluorescence properties as some amino acid fluorophores. In the present study, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to quantify gallic acid, which is a normal monomer of polyphenols. The quantitative GC/MS analytical method was developed using gallic acid and tannic acid standards to quantify the false ‘protein-like’ fluorescence in DOM. The present study also compared the optical properties, reactive species (RS) production and radical scavenging ability of DOM from different regions of the Everglades and a correlation was observed between DOM composition and its photo-productivity. In general, the reactive species quantum yield decreased with increased DOM redox potential. The RS formation rates were controlled by the DOC and CDOM abundace. Normalized RS formation rates were shown to be influenced by DOM aromaticity and molecular weight characteristics

Uppsatsen intresserar sig för icke-vita svenskar som trots sitt svenska medborgarskap upplever att de inte alltid kan eller får känna sig som svenskar. Utgångspunkten är att det i Sverige råder en vithetsnorm som för icke-vita svenskar får konsekvenser som rasism, exkludering och utanförskap. För att få en förståelse för mekanismerna bakom dessa konsekvenser används istället för en övergripande teori flertalet centrala begrepp och teoretiska utgångspunkter som alla ses utifrån ett postkolonialt perspektiv. För att undersöka detta har det genomförts sju kvalitativa intervjuer med icke-vita svenskar. De har intervjuats om hur de upplever och tolkar rasism. Vidare har uppsatsen sökt svar på huruvida respondenterna har omedvetna eller medvetna strategier för att bemöta den rasism de utsätts för. Det har sedan gjorts en jämförelse för att se om erfarenheterna skiljer sig åt beroende på om respondenterna är uppväxta i Sverige eller inte. Resultatet visar att alla respondenter oavsett grupp upplever rasism och får sin svenskhet ifrågasatt. De största skillnaderna mellan grupperna ligger i vilka strategier respondenterna använder sig av för att hantera den rasism de möter. Gruppen med respondenter som är uppväxt i Sverige väljer i högre grad att konfrontera den rasism de utsätts för medan gruppen som inte växt upp i Sverige i högre grad väljer att hitta strategier för att handskas med eller undkomma den. / The thesis is interested in the non-white Swedes who, despite their Swedish citizenship feel that they are not always able or allowed to feel like Swedes. The starting point is that in Sweden there is a whiteness standard witch for non-white Swedes have consequences in form of racism, exclusion and alienation. To get an understanding of the mechanisms behind these effects the writers instead of a general theory use several key concepts and theoretical points all seen from a postcolonial perspective. Seven interviews were held with non-white Swedes who was interviewed on how they perceive and interpret racism. Furthermore, the paper sought answers on whether respondents have been unconscious or conscious strategies to manage or respond to racism. It has since been made a comparison to see if it differs depending on whether respondents grew up in Sweden or not. The result shows that all respondents, regardless of group, experience racism and get their Swedishness questioned. The biggest differences between the two groups lies in how respondents choose to deal with the racism they encounter. The group of respondents who grew up in Sweden chooses to confront the racism they face while the group of respondents who didn’t grow up in Sweden are more inclined to deal with or escape it.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-25T14:21:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinadetonimarquesvieiracoutinho.pdf: 765959 bytes, checksum: a5296aa67ab4062e23e975cc17ceee10 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T19:34:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinadetonimarquesvieiracoutinho.pdf: 765959 bytes, checksum: a5296aa67ab4062e23e975cc17ceee10 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T19:34:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinadetonimarquesvieiracoutinho.pdf: 765959 bytes, checksum: a5296aa67ab4062e23e975cc17ceee10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem por objetivo abordar o pensamento do filósofo francês Jean-Luc Marion acerca do amor. A busca pela univocidade do conceito filosófico de amor e a relação do mesmo com o tema do dom articulam-se em sua fenomenologia bastante particular. O amor, não mais dividido entre, por exemplo, eros e ágape, é tema da redução erótica de Marion, desenvolvida, principalmente, em sua obra Le phénomène érotique. A pretendida univocidade radical do amor, nos interpostos limites da fenomenologia e da teologia, em Marion, relaciona-se diretamente com a ipseidade, a alteridade e o conhecimento que, de Platão a Santo Agostinho, inserem-se na lógica própria do amor. / La proposition de ce travail c’est approcher la pensée du philosophe français Jean-Luc Marion par rapport à l’amour. La quête vers l’univocité du concept philosophique de l’amour et la relation de celui-ci avec le sujet du don s’articulent dans sa phénoménologie très particulière. L’amour, non plus divisé entre, par example, eros et agapè, c’est le sujet de la reduction érotique chez Marion, developpée surtout dans son oeuvre Le phénomène érotique. L’intentionée univocité radicale de l’amour, dans les limites interposées de la phénoménologie et la théologie, chez Marion, s’articulent directement avec l’ipseité, l’alterité e la connaissance qui, de Platon à Saint Augustin, s’intègrent à la logique même de l’amour.