Uppsatsen undersöker huruvida Hillary Rodham Clinton förkvinnligat sitt retoriska tillvägagångssätt eller om hennes retorik passar bättre in i den manliga senatorsrollen. Med hjälp av klusteranalys och neo-aristotelisk analysmetod, görs en jämförande analys för att söka efter skillnader och likheter i Clintons retoriska tillvägagångssätt. Materialet består av två tal som hölls vid det demokratiska konventet; 1996 (i egenskap av first lady) och 2008 (i egenskap av senator). Resultatet diskuteras sedan utifrån det genusrelaterade begreppet double bind. Analysresultatet visar på en utveckling i Clintons retorik, som generat ett stärkt primärt ethos. Clinton har, istället för att anpassa sitt språkbruk till ett mer kvinnligt, snarare anpassat sig till den nya rollen som senator.

The purpose of this thesis was to explore if there are emotional dilemmas in environmentally aware individuals, stemming from conflicts, resulting in their environmental personal transportation behaviour. This study uses the dialogic, relational interview method to explore possible conflicts in participants' personal transportation choices. The analysis seems to indicate that there is an apparent emotional tangle in individuals when confronted with possible double binds that put their environmental beliefs in conflict with other important aspects in their lives. The personal dilemmas they feel revolve around social pressures and their personal identities and leave them feeling conflicting emotions and strong amounts of guilt. The findings show the importance of reframing pro-environmental activities in ways that help negate the secondary injunctions that may people feel.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O objetivo deste estudo é discutir o conceito de duplo vínculo, presente nas pesquisas sobre o paradoxo na comunicação humana realizadas pela Escola de Palo Alto com a coordenação de Gregory Bateson. Para isso, será analisado de que maneira o paradoxo foi empregado pela filosofia e pelos estudos matemáticos em alguns momentos da história do conhecimento humano, sempre se opondo à Verdade e à Ciência. Assim, através de Deleuze, Stengers, Despret e Latour, outros modelos científicos e epistemológicos serão apresentados, contribuindo para uma melhor compreensão do pensamento de Bateson. / This study aims to discuss the concept of double bind, presented in the researches about paradox in human communication developed by the Palo Alto school, under the coordination of Gregory Bateson. For that, it will analyze in which manners the concept of paradox was used by philosophy and mathematics studies in some moments of the knowledge history, always opposing to Truth and Science. In this way, through Deleuze, Stengers, Despret and Latour, other scientific and epistemological designs will be presented, contributing to a better comprehension of Batesons ideas.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O objetivo deste estudo é discutir o conceito de duplo vínculo, presente nas pesquisas sobre o paradoxo na comunicação humana realizadas pela Escola de Palo Alto com a coordenação de Gregory Bateson. Para isso, será analisado de que maneira o paradoxo foi empregado pela filosofia e pelos estudos matemáticos em alguns momentos da história do conhecimento humano, sempre se opondo à Verdade e à Ciência. Assim, através de Deleuze, Stengers, Despret e Latour, outros modelos científicos e epistemológicos serão apresentados, contribuindo para uma melhor compreensão do pensamento de Bateson. / This study aims to discuss the concept of double bind, presented in the researches about paradox in human communication developed by the Palo Alto school, under the coordination of Gregory Bateson. For that, it will analyze in which manners the concept of paradox was used by philosophy and mathematics studies in some moments of the knowledge history, always opposing to Truth and Science. In this way, through Deleuze, Stengers, Despret and Latour, other scientific and epistemological designs will be presented, contributing to a better comprehension of Batesons ideas.

Submitted by LAURA ROSA KUGLER DE AZEVEDO null (sofiamarilia@hotmail.com) on 2016-12-07T21:59:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Laura Azevedo_DissertFinal OK2.pdf: 648136 bytes, checksum: 9cbcf2e6ed9aa04bcac3c8fb18f0b750 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-12T12:49:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 azevedo_lrk_me_mar.pdf: 648136 bytes, checksum: 9cbcf2e6ed9aa04bcac3c8fb18f0b750 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T12:49:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 azevedo_lrk_me_mar.pdf: 648136 bytes, checksum: 9cbcf2e6ed9aa04bcac3c8fb18f0b750 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente dissertação intitulada “Informação, ação e relações colaborativas: uma perspectiva filosófica da complexidade” tem por objetivo realizar um estudo de hipóteses do paradigma da complexidade envolvendo a comunicação entre seres humanos. O problema central que direciona a presente reflexão pode ser assim enunciado: Qual é o papel dos padrões informacionais na ação colaborativa dos seres humanos, concebidos como sistemas complexos? Esse problema será inicialmente analisado a partir da hipótese elaborada por Bateson, segundo a qual relações de dependência se estabelecem entre seres vivos, criando vínculos específicos e dinâmicos entre eles quando há reciprocidade em suas relações. Recorremos também às hipóteses formuladas por Weaver em 1948 sobre a natureza de problemas característicos do domínio da complexidade. O presente trabalho está organizado em três capítulos. No primeiro, investigamos aspectos da Teoria dos Sistemas Complexos que nos auxiliam a analisar o conceito de Informação, com ênfase na noção de Padrões Informacionais. No capítulo 2, investigamos a Virada Naturalista na filosofia e a importância da experiência para a filosofia, que passou a ganhar espaço com essa Virada, proporcionada pela revolução iniciada por Darwin na biologia. As noções de Padrões Informacionais e de Duplo-Vínculo são apresentadas no capítulo 2, que tem como ponto fundamental o estudo da relação comunicativa entre seres vivos. No capítulo 3, analisamos hipóteses de teorias que explicitam relações de amizade, presenciais e virtuais, entre pessoas, focalizando o estudo de relações colaborativas propiciadas pelo estabelecimento de padrões informacionais. / This dissertation, entitled “Information, action and collaborative relationships: a philosophical perspective of complexity” aims to conduct a study of hypotheses of the complexity paradigm involving communication between humans. The central problem that directs this reflection can be so stated: What is the role of informational patterns in the collaborative action of human beings, conceived as complex systems? This problem will be initially analyzed from the hypothesis elaborated by Bateson, according to which dependency relationships are established between living beings, creating specific and dynamic links between them when there is reciprocity in their relationships. We also investigate the assumptions made by Weaver in 1948 about the nature of problems dealing with complexity. This dissertation is organized into three chapters. In the first one, we investigated aspects of the Theory of Complex Systems that help us to analyze the concept of Information, emphasizing the notion of Informational Patterns. In chapter 2, we investigate the Naturalistic Turn in philosophy and the importance of experience to philosophy, which went on to gain space with this Turn, provided by the revolution initiated by Darwin in biology. The notions of Informational Patterns and Double-Bind are presented in the chapter 2 that presents the result of a study of the communicative relationship between living beings. In chapter 3, we analyze assumptions of theories that explain relations of friendship and virtual friendship between people, focusing on the study of collaborative relationships offered by the establishment of informational patterns.

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Is it possible to cover an issue as a journalist to the extent that you are practically a human rights activist, and still contribute to its continuation by unconsciously upholding the values causing the issue? This study asks the question if journalists help or hinder the elimination of female genital mutilation (FGM), and puts forth the thesis that journalists as a collective in fact are affecting the development more negatively through their attitudes than positively through their actions. The study consists of a theoretical analysis connecting to patriarchy and post-colonialism, and a field study from Tanzania where journalists are interviewed. The theoretical results show a clear connection between patriarchal values and FGM, and that if a journalist upholds these values she will not be as inclined to see the victim of FGM as a subaltern, she will be more likely to generalize the groups status and characteristics and she will be caught in between traditional and modern values. If a journalist ascribes to more traditional values when it comes to the difference between the genders, her attitudes will to some extent be counterproductive to the work she does when she covers FGM with the intention to prevent it. The field study supports this by showing that awareness about gender inequality and FGM does not necessarily mean awareness of patriarchal structures and how they affect men, women and traditions. One journalist can make a significant difference, but if she is a part of a journalist collective with strong, patriarchal values her efforts might not be sufficient to help in changing the overall development of FGM.

Orientador: Angel Pino Sirgado / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T23:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_SheilaDanielaMedeirosdos_D.pdf: 2523027 bytes, checksum: e99d45425450fc7f9e702122186f27f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo elucidar a essência de um paradoxo (aparente): crianças que não vivem em família, mas falam continuamente de família, tendo como pontos de ancoragem o referencial teórico de Lefebvre e Vigotski. Após realizar, durante um ano, visitas semanais a uma instituição de atendimento à infância, localizada em um município da região de Campinas, há evidências de que as crianças não estão falando propriamente de família; na realidade, elas estão reclamando da ausência de relações sociais de reconhecimento, já que o Estado/a sociedade ignoram os seus direitos, impondo-lhes como destino a situação em que foram geradas: a pobreza, a realização de tarefas socialmente desvalorizadas e a participação no sistema produtivo como exército de reserva / Abstract: This work has the objective of elucidating the essence of an apparent paradox: children who do not live in family, but talk continuously about family. The work has its anchor points on the theoretical referential of Lefebvre and Vigotski. After carrying out, during one year, weekly visits to an institution of attendance to infancy, located in the Campinas region, there are evidences that the children are not talking exactly about family; in reality, they are complaining about the absence of social relations of recognition, since the State and the society ignore their rights, imposing to them as their destiny the same situation in which they were born: poverty, the accomplishment of tasks socially devaluated and participation in the productive system as reserve army / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação

Dans cette thèse, nous traitons de l’apport des théories du courant de pensée de Palo Alto pour aborder la transformation des situations de doubles contraintes au sein des organisations de travail, afin de faciliter le développement de l’apprentissage organisationnel. Après une présentation des concepts d’apprentissage organisationnel et de double contrainte, notre démarche de recherche prend place dans une épistémologie interprétativiste procédant par recherche-action. Nous nous appuyons sur trois études de cas d’accompagnement, individuel et collectif, de responsables confrontés à des difficultés de management. Nous mettons en évidence de quelle manière la théorie de la double contrainte constitue une grille d’intelligibilité des conduites d’évitement. Les envisageant comme seules possibilités de se comporter dans une situation où toutes les autres possibilités d’agir sont bloquées, nous expliquons l’intérêt d’un changement de paradigme de compréhension de leur formation pour renouveler les perspectives d’intervention. L’acceptation des conduites d’évitement comme émergeant d’une situation de double contrainte permet de les aborder en tant que dysfonctionnement organisationnel plutôt que comme la conséquence d’une carence individuelle. Les perceptions de doubles contraintes apparaissent lorsqu’une impossibilité de métacommuniquer est ressentie, au sujet d’un paradoxe exigeant un choix impossible, dans un contexte professionnel dont il n’est pas envisageable de s’échapper.Notre principal apport est de montrer, au travers d’une revue de littérature et des trois études de cas, les forces et les limites de l’approche interactionnelle issue du courant de Palo Alto, qui, même si elle est connue dans le monde de la gestion, reste largement inappliquée dans les organisations. Nous positionnons le processus de métacommunication par un tiers intervenant en le mettant au service de changements. Nous précisons le rôle qu’il peut avoir pour aider à passer d’un cercle vicieux à un cercle vertueux, dans une situation managériale, et l’effet de levier qu’il joue dans la transformation d’une dynamique d’apprentissage organisationnel défensif en une dynamique menant au progrès. / In this thesis, we discuss the contribution of current theories of thought in Palo Alto to tackle the transformation of situations of double bind within working organizations in order to improve the organizational learning development. After a presentation of the concepts of organizational learning and double bind our research process takes place in an interpretivist epistemology conducting by action research. We rely on three case studies accompanying individual and group leaders facing with difficulties in management.We underline how the theory of the double bind is a grid of intelligibility avoidance behavior. Considering them only as possibilities to behave in a situation where all other possibilities to act are blocked, we explain the interest of a paradigm shift in understanding of their training opportunities in order to renew intervention prospect.Acceptance of avoidance behavior as emerging from a double bind situation can address them as organizational dysfunction rather than as a consequence of individual failure. Perceptions of double bind appear when unable metacommunication is felt, about a paradox requiring an impossible choice, in a professional context inconceivable to escape from.Our main contribution is to show, through a literature review and three case studies, the strengths and limitations of the interactional approach of Palo Alto, which, although it is known in the world management remains largely unimplemented in organizations. We position the metacommunication process by a third party involved in the service changes. We point out the role he may have to help them move from a vicious to a virtuous circle, in a managerial situation, and leverage in the transformation of a dynamic organizational learning defensive into a dynamic leading to progress.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / A 2004 New York Times’ article regarding the role of potential First Ladies at political conventions wrote, “The public will someday accept a fully independent first lady, Ms. Gibbons predicted, 'I don't see how we can go backwards.’'' (Purnick, 2004) That isn’t to say, however, we have continued moving forward. Perpetuating the trend that began two decades ago, in 2012 both Ann Romney and Michelle Obama delivered speeches at the Republic National Convention (RNC) and Democratic National Convention (DNC) respectively. Prompting a continued study of the first lady include not only Michelle Obama’s self-titled “Mom-in-Chief” speech or the ever present role of fashion and the First Lady, but also her permanent role as the candidate’s feminine counterpart and its close management demand examination. To be sure, this thesis comes at a time of significant importance, with Hillary Clinton vying for the 2016 Democratic Presidential nomination. I agree with past scholars that presidential spouses, as part of the presidential institution, have ushered in a level of public power not previously possible for women (Anderson, Campbell, Jamieson, Sheeler, et al). However, the power of the first lady is constrained by feminine expectations that prevent the emergence of a fully independent first lady. We should question the limitations of the spousal role and challenge the discourses that create those limitations, as they hinder the realization of a fully independent first lady. Since 1992, nearly every spouse has given a public address at the presidential nominating convention, with all candidate wives from 2000-2012 taking part. The emergence of this campaign trend has prompted communication scholars to call for the expansion of research surrounding these speeches (Brown, 2012). Scholars have previously noted that first lady campaign discourse provides a sandbox in which our country experiments with various levels of first lady independence (Parry-Giles, 1996, Campbell, 1998, Anderson, 2002). That is to say, how the wives consistently talk about themselves, their husbands and the country, as well as how the media reports on the potential first lady during coverage of convention oratory, sheds light on the national tone of feminine ideologies. Therefore, I contend that a genre exists governing first lady convention speeches which, along with the mediated discourses surrounding these speeches, constructs and reinforces the ideal femininity of the First Lady. As a result, the hegemonic masculinity of the presidency is further reified with important consequences for our ability to accept an independent first lady which makes it more difficult to accept a woman president. This thesis examines the dual role of the feminine ideal of US first ladies and the masculinity of the presidency. Examining the generic constraints of 20 years of presidential candidate wives convention speeches and the associated media coverage will uncover dominant themes that aim to vilify certain wives—for their speech style and content—and celebrate others. By assessing what points of struggle we witness in these discourses, we note opportunities where first ladies and potential first ladies challenge these generic constraints and have the potential to reveal shifts and expansions in the discourses. The result may lead to a new understanding of gender in relation to the presidency.