COSTA, Ana Karoline de Oliveira. Aspectos físico-químicos e nutricionais da amêndoa e óleo de coco de babaçu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) e avaliação sensorial de pães e biscoitos preparados com amêndoas. 2014. 68 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014. / Submitted by Vitor Campos (vitband@gmail.com) on 2016-09-28T23:11:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_akocosta.pdf: 2147548 bytes, checksum: dd9a749311c9b23ac8451bd56d17171a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-04T18:03:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_akocosta.pdf: 2147548 bytes, checksum: dd9a749311c9b23ac8451bd56d17171a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T18:03:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_akocosta.pdf: 2147548 bytes, checksum: dd9a749311c9b23ac8451bd56d17171a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Babassu is the generic name given to oil palm belonging to the Palmae family and members of the genera and Orbignya Attalea. It is native of the transition zone between the cerrado and the Amazon rainforest. The potential use of babassu in several activities are large, since food and clothing until alternative energy elements. View of these facts, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition of almond, evaluate chemical, physical and physico-chemical aspects of babassu coconut oil removed by different methods of extraction and prepare bread and biscuit with ground almonds. The kernels of babassu coconut used in this study were from the city of Ipaporanga in the central hinterland of Ceará. By milling the bran (OpAM) was obtained laboratory oils. Babassu nut oil was removed by extraction with hot solvent (Soxhlet) (OpES) by hydraulic pressing (OpPH) and the solvent cold (Blight and Dyer) (OpEF). Two artisanal samples from the states of Pará (OpP) and Maranhão (OPM) were acquired. The chemical composition of the OpAM and its water activity were analysed. Samples OpPH, OpEF, OpM and OpP were analyzed for fatty acid composition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances test, acid value, Rancimat induction period and color measurement. Cookie and bread with almond babaçu in its composition have been developed. The acceptance was evaluated by means of a structured hedonic scale of nine categories. OpAM has 2% protein, 49.5% fat, 42.4% carbohydrates and water activity of 0.67. No statistical differences were found between the techniques of extraction of babassu coconut that presents as major oil fatty acids saturated fatty acids, especially lauric (41,55%), myristic (14.58%) and the unsaturated oleic (15, 73%). No samples tested positive in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances test. Also showed low levels of acidity. The babassu coconut oil showed good oxidative stability, high induction period. The samples tended to green and yellow colors, according to the parameters of the CIELAB scale. Cookie and biscuits prepared with ground almonds showed excellent sensory acceptance, taking the bread a slightly higher score. / Babaçu é o nome genérico dado às palmeiras oleaginosas pertencentes à família Palmae e integrantes dos gêneros Orbignya e Attalea. É nativo da zona de transição entre o cerrado e a floresta amazônica. As possibilidades de aproveitamento do babaçu em diversas atividades são amplas, da alimentação e vestuário até elementos energéticos alternativos. Diante do exposto, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a composição centesimal de amêndoa, avaliar os aspectos químicos, físicos e físico-químicos do óleo de coco babaçu removido pelos diferentes métodos de extração e elaborar pão e biscoito com a amêndoa ralada. As amêndoas de coco babaçu utilizadas neste trabalho foram provenientes da cidade de Ipaporanga, no sertão central do estado do Ceará. Através de moagem foi obtido um farelo (OpAm) do qual foram extraídos os óleos laboratoriais. O óleo de coco babaçu foi removido por extração com solvente a quente (Soxhlet) (OpES), por prensagem hidráulica (OpPH) e com solvente a frio (Blight e Dyer) (OpEF). Foram adquiridas duas amostras artesanais dos estados de Pará (OpP) e Maranhão (OpM). Analisou-se a composição centesimal de OpI e sua atividade de água. As amostras OpES, OpPH, OpEF, OpP e OpM foram submetidas a análises de composição de ácidos graxos, teste de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico, índice de acidez, período de indução por Rancimat e medição de cor. Foram desenvolvidos biscoito e pão com a amêndoa do coco babaçu em sua composição. A aceitação foi avaliada por meio de uma escala hedônica estruturada de nove categorias. OpAm apresenta 2% de proteínas, 49,5% de lipídios, 42,4% de carboidratos e atividade de água de 0,67. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre as técnicas de extração do óleo de coco babaçu que apresenta como ácidos graxos majoritários os saturados, destacando-se o láurico (41,55%), o mirístico (14,58%) e o insaturado oleico (15,73%). Nenhuma amostra apresentou resultados positivos no teste de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico. Apresentaram ainda baixos índices de acidez. O óleo de coco babaçu apresentou boa estabilidade oxidativa, com alto período de indução. As amostras apresentaram tendência às cores verde e amarela, segundo os parâmetros da escala CIELAB. Pão e biscoito elaborados com a amêndoa ralada apresentaram excelente aceitação sensorial, tendo o pão uma nota ligeiramente maior.

Uppsatsen är en komparativ och narratologisk karaktärs- och motivstudie av de svarta karaktärerna Manne i Pija Lindenbaums småbarnsbilderbok Jag älskar Manne (2012) och Lilla Hjärtat i Stina Wirséns småbarnsbokserie om Brokigagänget som består av sex böcker utgivna mellan 2010-2012. Den kronologiska ordningen på Brokigaböckerna är Hej! och Oj! (2010), Aj! och Bang! (2011) och Gul! och Sov! (2012). Uppsatsen syfte är att undersöka hur de svarta karaktärerna Manne och Lilla Hjärtat framställs och porträtteras i böckerna för att sedan analysera hur och om det kan ha påverkat böckernas skilda mottaganden under 2012. Under året 2012 nominerades Jag älskar Manne till Augustpriset för Årets svenska barn- och ungdomsbok, medan Brokigaböckerna efter en het debatt under hösten 2012 på författarens egen begäran drogs tillbaka från den svenska bokmarknaden Uppsatsens fokus ligger på olika aspekter och element i böckerna som har tagits upp och påverkat debatten kring Lilla Hjärtat och undersökningen är därefter indelad i fyra avdelningar: Den svarta karaktärens utseende, Mångfaldsaspekten, Genusaspekten och Den svarta karaktären som ett berättartekniskt verktyg. Varje avdelning avslutas med en kort och jämförande sammanfattning och hela uppsatsen avslutas med en slutdiskussion. Uppsatsens undersökning bygger på både text och bild i böckerna med grund i svensk- och engelskspråkig teoretisk litteratur, där bland annat Toni Morrisons och Richard Dyers teorier om hudfärg och ras i litterära och visuella framställningar är centrala. Uppsatsens undersökning visar att den svarta karaktären kan ha haft avgörande betydelse för böckernas mottaganden under 2012, då framför allt hur den svarta karaktärens utseende har tecknats i bild kan bidra till skilda uppfattningar om den svarta karaktären är en bild av en svart stereotyp eller en illustration av ett svart barn, vilket i sin tur kan ha påverkat det skilda mottagandet av böckerna. Undersökningen visar även att böckernas skilda djur- och människosammanhang där den svarta karaktären framställs kan ha påverkat och bidragit till böckernas skilda mottaganden. Uppsatsen studerar också hur hudfärg och ras kan fungera som ett berättartekniskt verktyg för vad författaren vill förmedla eller framställa i sitt verk, vilket framkommer tydligast i en närstudie av Jag älskar Manne. Uppsatsens bisyfte är även att undersöka hur några svenska barnböcker utgivna på 2010-talet framställer och arbetar med sina svarta karaktärer.

Le résultat principal de ce texte est une généralisation de la formule de Gross-Zagier p-adique de Perrin-Riou au cas de courbes de Shimura sur les corps totalement réels. Soit F un corps totalement réel. Soit f une forme modulaire de Hilbert sur F de poids parallel 2, qui est une forme nouvelle et est ordinaire en p. Soit E est une extension quadratique totalement imaginaire de F de discriminant premier à p et au conducteur de f. On peut construire une fonction L p-adique qui interpole valeurs spéciales de la fonction L complexe associée à f, E et caractères de Hecke d'ordre fini de E. La formule p-adique de Gross-Zagier relie la dérivée centrale de cette fonction L p-adique à la hauteur d'un divisor de Heegner sur une certaine courbe de Shimura. La stratégie de la preuve est proche de celle du travail original de Perrin-Riou. Dans la partie analytique, on construit le noyau analytique par calculs adéliques; dans la partie géométrique, on décompose le noyau géométrique en deux parties: places hors de p et places divisant p. Pour les places hors de p, les hauteurs p-adiques sont essentiellement des nombres d'intersection et sont calculées dans les travaux de S. Zhang, et il s'avère que cette partie est bien liée au noyau analytique. Pour les places divisant p, on utilise la méthode dans le travail de J. Nekovar pour montrer que la contribution de cette partie est nulle. / The main result of this text is a generalization of Perrin-Riou's p-adic Gross-Zagier formula to the case of Shimura curves over totally real fields. Let F be a totally real field. Let f be a Hilbert modular form over F of parallel weight 2, which is a new form and is ordinary at p. Let E be a totally imaginary quadratic extension of F of discriminant prime to p and to the conductor of f. We may construct a p-adic L function that interpolates special values of the complex L functions associated to f, E and finite order Hecke characters of E. The p-adic Gross-Zagier formula relates the central derivative of this p-adic L function to the p-adic height of a Heegner divisor on a certain Shimura curve. The strategy of the proof is close to that of the original work of Perrin-Riou. In the analytic part, we construct the analytic kernel via adelic computations, in the geometric part, we decompose the geometric kernel into two parts: places outside p and places dividing p. For places outside p, the p-adic heights are essentially intersection numbers and are computed in works of S. Zhang, and it turns out that this part is closely related to the analytic kernel. For places dividing p, we use the method in the work of J. Nekovar to show that the contribution of this part is zero.

Long-range communication proves to be a challenge due to the Earth’s curvature, since electromagnetic waves propagate away from the Earth’s surface in a free atmosphere. A possible solution to beyond line-of-sight communication is the atmospheric phenomenon known as the evaporation duct. Ducting occurs when the refractive index of the atmosphere rapidly decreases with height, which leads to ray trajectories bending inward towards the surface of the Earth, effectively creating a waveguide and enabling long-distance communication. In this work, the models by Paulus-Jeske and Babin-Young-Carton are investigated and implemented in MATLAB for calculation of the evaporation duct height and for modelling the refractive index of the atmosphere. The rapid decrease in refractive index giving rise to evaporation ducts occurs due to evaporation of water within the atmosphericsurface layer (<100 m over the surface), which is the domain of turbulent mixing in the atmosphere. With atmospheric data from a Weather API by Meteomatics, Monin-Obukhov similarity theory for the atmospheric surface layer is combined with a bulk flux parameterization scheme from the COARE experiment to determine the air-sea fluxes in the lower troposphere. The surface layer variables with stability functions from Businger-Dyer, Beljaars-Holtslag, Cheng-Brutsaert, and the SHEBA experiment are used in the evaporation duct models proposed by Paulus-Jeske and Babin-Young-Carton to calculate the evaporation duct height, finding that the latter is a valid method with Monin-Obukhov stability functions based on the SHEBA experiment. The modelled refractive index is inserted into an already existing wave propagation model to investigate and validate the findings. / Långdistanskommunikation är en utmaning på grund av jordens krökning, eftersom elektromagnetiska vågor sprider sig bort från jordens yta vid propagering i fri atmosfär. En möjlig lösning för kommunikation bortom siktlinjen är det atmosfäriska fenomenet som kallas avdunstningskanal. Det uppstår när atmosfärens brytningsindex snabbt minskar med höjden, vilket leder till att strålbanorna böjer sig inåt mot jordens yta, vilket i praktiken skapar en vågledare och möjliggör långdistanskommunikation. I detta arbete undersöks och implementeras modeller beskrivna av Paulus-Jeske och Babin-Young-Carton i MATLAB för beräkning av avdunstningskanalens höjd och för modellering av atmosfärens brytningsindex. Den snabba minskningen av brytningsindexet som ger upphov till avdunstningskanaler beror på avdunstning avvatten i det atmosfäriska ytskiktet (<100 m över ytan), som är det område där den turbulenta blandningen i atmosfären sker. Med atmosfäriska data från Weather API av Meteomatics kombineras Monin-Obukhovs likvärdighetsteori för det atmosfäriska ytskiktet med ett parametriseringsschema för bulkflöden från COARE-experimentet för att bestämma luft- och havsflödena i den nedre troposfären. Variablerna för ytskiktet med stabilitetsfunktioner från Businger-Dyer, Beljaars-Holtslag, Cheng-Brutsaert och SHEBA-experimentet används i de modeller för avdunstningskanaler som föreslagits av Paulus-Jeske och Babin-Young-Carton för att beräkna avdunstningskanalens höjd, varvid det konstateras att den sistnämnda metoden är en giltig metod med Monin-Obukhovs stabilitetsfunktioner baserade på SHEBA-experimentet. Det modellerade brytningsindexet införs i en redan befintlig vågutbredningsmodell för att undersöka och validera resultaten.

Life writing has traditionally been organized into two main subfields: autobiographical writing, focused on the self, and biographical writing, focused on one or more other human beings. Yet, many contemporary texts from different linguistic and cultural contexts defy or complicate such a clear-cut distinction. The present dissertation investigates a group of such texts, which I have called “bifocal narratives.” With this term, I indicate works that, as in an ellipse, hinge upon two foci at once – an autobiographical narrator and a biographical other – and take shape around the relation between these two poles. The dissertation offers both a historical interpretation and a morphology of this form. It does so by comparing three literary contexts (Italian literature, French literature, and Anglophone literature of the North Atlantic) and combining theoretical argumentation, panoramic analyses of a vast corpus, and close readings of individual works. Drawing on bifocal narratives’ amphibious nature as both literary and documentary writings, in the Introduction, I propose to interpret the bifocal form through a twofold lens: as part of a growing interest in the intersubjective formation of identity and the self/other relationship in life writing and life writing criticism; and as a mise en abyme of trends and tensions at work in contemporary literature more at large. In the latter respect, I view bifocal narratives as embodying both a heightened interest in individuality and a tangible difficulty among writers in speaking as characters different from themselves. I link both aspects to a crisis of traditional humanistic ideologies and the mandate of intellectuals in European and North American cultures. In the first chapter, I offer a panoramic view of bifocal narratives by delineating their main manifestations and highlighting some of their defining traits (for example, a strong heuristic tension or a tendency to structure the self/other relationship in polarized terms). In the following three chapters, I focus on three main subgroups of bifocal narratives: hyper-narrative bifocal works, bifocal texts between poetry and prose, and essayistic bifocal narratives. These three clusters of texts allow me to investigate some crucial aspects of the bifocal form, which are particularly evident in these various subsets: the role of narration in shaping a sense of the self, and a serious use of intertextuality; a complex vision of the speaking “I” that complicates a clear-cut division between fiction and nonfiction, an original use of textual blanks, and a deep literary work on both language and documents; and the complication of the auto/biographical model via the alternative paradigm offered by (literary) portraiture, as well as a multilayered approach towards the (post)modern literary and critical traditions. In doing so, I also provide extensive close readings of five main works: Via Gemito (2000) by Domenico Starnone and Limonov (2011) by Emmanuel Carrère; Jane: A Murder (2005) by Maggie Nelson; and Out of Sheer Rage (1997) by Geoff Dyer and Qualcosa di scritto (2012) by Emanuele Trevi. Besides illuminating various aspects of bifocal narratives, these readings also aim to offer original interpretations of these works.

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier comment, à travers sa singulière écriture, John Neal, prenant son contemporain James Fenimore Cooper pour anti-modèle, ambitionne de réformer la littérature américaine, afin de satisfaire au besoin naissant d’indépendance et de renouveau national. Dans une certaine tradition américaine, la frontière est moins une limite territoriale qu’un seuil dynamique, un locus americanus, lieu de tous les possibles. Et c’est bien en ce sens que le romancier du Maine, homme des transgressions, homme de l’entre-deux, écrit «à la frontière» : entre littérature et engagement, entre la scène et la chaire, le masculin et le féminin, l’Indien et le Blanc, sa prose hésite, souvent. Il conviendra en somme d’analyser au plus près cette fabrique alternative de littérarité qu’est l’écriture nealienne, dans l’incertitude des commencements, lorsque l’expression du «génie national» prétend s’instaurer en critère de jugement et faire table rase des modèles d’importation. / This thesis explores how, through his singular writing style, John Neal, using fellow-writer James Fenimore Cooper as an anti-model, sets out to pioneer a thorough reformation of the so-called American literature, in an attempt to satisfy the ever-increasing need for independence and national renewal. In a certain American tradition, the frontier is less a territorial boundary than a « dynamic threshold », a locus americanus where wishful thinking comes true. Thus it is that this transgressive Maine author, a man of the neutral ground, or, rather, of the middle ground, writes «at the frontier»: between literature and committed literature, between the stage and the pulpit, the masculine and the feminine, or the Indian and the white man, his prose often wavers. Hence, our focus will be on the alternative literary vision for « the great Republic of Letters », encapsulated within Neal’s own writing, shaped as it was by the uncertainties of a nation in the making. Those were the days when «national genius» had an edge on European models. Those were John Neal’s days.

Cette thèse porte sur des questions liées à la conjecture de parité. On démontre la conjecture de p-parité pour un certain twist d'une courbe elliptique sur un corps local. On en déduit des résultats globaux d'invariance de la conjecture de p-parité (pour une courbe elliptique) par certaines extensions. Avec l'objectif de généraliser les résultats précédents, on démontre une formule pour les signes locaux des représentations essentiellement symplectiques et modérément ramifiées du groupe de Weil. Cette formule généralise celle, déjà connue, pour les courbes elliptiques ayant potentiellement bonne réduction. Finalement, on fait un premier pas vers la généralisation escomptée en comparant les nombres de Tamagawa et les constantes de régulation pour certains prémotifs.

The conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer is unquestionably one of the most important open problems in number theory today. Let $E$ be an elliptic curve defined over an imaginary quadratic field $K$ contained in $\mathbb{C}$, and suppose that $E$ has complex multiplication by the ring of integers of $K$. Let us assume the complex $L$-series $L(E/K,s)$ of $E$ over $K$ does not vanish at $s=1$. K. Rubin showed, using Iwasawa theory, that the $p$-part of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture holds for $E$ for all prime numbers $p$ which do not divide the order of the group of roots of unity in $K$. In this thesis, we discuss extensions of this result. In Chapter $2$, we study infinite families of quadratic and cubic twists of the elliptic curve $A = X_0(27)$, so that they have complex multiplication by the ring of integers of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-3})$. For the family of quadratic twists, we establish a lower bound for the $2$-adic valuation of the algebraic part of the complex $L$-series at $s=1$, and, for the family of cubic twists, we establish a lower bound for the $3$-adic valuation of the algebraic part of the same $L$-value. We show that our lower bounds are precisely those predicted by Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer. In the remaining chapters, we let $K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-q})$, where $q$ is any prime number congruent to $7$ modulo $8$. Denote by $H$ the Hilbert class field of $K$. \mbox{B. Gross} proved the existence of an elliptic curve $A(q)$ defined over $H$ with complex multiplication by the ring of integers of $K$ and minimal discriminant $-q^3$. We consider twists $E$ of $A(q)$ by quadratic extensions of $K$. In the case $q=7$, we have $A(q)=X_0(49)$, and Gonzalez-Aviles and Rubin proved, again using Iwasawa theory, that if $L(E/\mathbb{Q},1)$ is nonzero then the full Birch--Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture holds for $E$. Suppose $p$ is a prime number which splits in $K$, say $p=\mathfrak{p}\mathfrak{p}^*$, and $E$ has good reduction at all primes of $H$ above $p$. Let $H_\infty=HK_\infty$, where $K_\infty$ is the unique $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of $K$ unramified outside $\mathfrak{p}$. We establish in this thesis the main conjecture for the extension $H_\infty/H$. Furthermore, we provide the necessary ingredients to state and prove the main conjecture for $E/H$ and $p$, and discuss its relation to the main conjecture for $H_\infty/H$ and the $p$-part of the Birch--Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for $E/H$.

Eva Dahlbeck was one of Sweden’s most respected and popular actresses from the 1940s to the 1960s and is now remembered for her work with Ingmar Bergman, who allegedly nicknamed her “Pansarskeppet kvinnligheten” (“H.M.S. Femininity”). However, Dahlbeck had already established herself as a star long before her collaborations with Bergman. The popularity of Bergman’s three comedies (Waiting Women (Kvinnors väntan, 1952), A Lesson in Love (En lektion i kärlek, 1954), and Smiles of a Summer Night (Sommarnattens leende, 1955)) suggests that they catered to the Swedish audience’s desire to see the star Dahlbeck. To explore the interrelation between Swedish post-war popular film culture and the auteur Bergman, this thesis examines the stardom of Dahlbeck, who can, as inter-texts between various films, bridge the gap between popular film and auteur film. Focusing on the decade from 1946 to 1956, the process whereby her star image was created, the aspects that constructed it, and its relation to her characters in three Bergman titles will be analysed. In doing so, this thesis will illustrate how the concept “Pansarskeppet kvinnligheten” was interactively constructed by Bergman’s films, the post-war Swedish film industry, and the media discourses which cultivated the star cult as a part of popular culture.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:11610257 研究代表者:加藤 鉦治 研究期間:1991-2001年度