Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 S73 / Master of Science

This study aims to increase awareness of the portrayal of refugees in Swedish media. In order to achieve this we performed a content analysis of the articles found in the newspaper Dagens Nyheter. Through a strategic selection we chose six news articles published during the fall of 2015 that depicted various refugees’ destinies. We studied the articles in several steps and identified the frames used in the presentation and portayal of the refugees. These frames consisted of roles, characteristics and selected quotations in which the persons were assigned. In the analyzed articles we found that Dagens Nyheter tends to portray refugees in a relatively generalized way, where different categories of refugees are similarly portayed and no refugee gets the role of a hero. They are portrayed in a way that makes them look like they are subordinate to aid organisations and authorities and as if they are in need of help. However, children and elderly tend to be discriminated since they in many cases are being excluded or assigned a subordinate role compared to other categories of refugees.

本論文共一冊，約五萬字，計分五章，概述如下： 第一章：緒論。共有四節，計研究動機與目的、相關文獻探討、架構與問題、界定與 結構。 第二章：研究方法。共有兩節，即分內容分析法與資料分析法等兩方面來談本論文所 使用之研究方法及其分析對象。 第三章：符號真實之分析結果。共有四節，包括報紙報導件數及其年度變異、報紙報 導次數及其年度變異、報紙報導件數之注意分數及其年度變異、報紙報導次數之注意 分數及其年度變異等。 第四章：符號真實與客觀真之比較結果。計有兩節，包括報紙報導件數之反映程度及 其年度變異、報紙報導次數之反映程度及其年度變異等。 第五章：結論、檢討與建議。包括兩節，即討論研究主要發現，並陳述檢討與建議等 。

以國內專業人才，包括醫師、律師、會計師及建築師為對象所做的一項讀報行為與動 機的實證研究。內容概要包括： 第一章緒論。包括社會階層與專業階層理論的探討；相關實證文獻回顧及研究問題的 提出。 第二章研究方法。包括研究架構及變項說明、問卷設計、抽樣步驟與資料收集、處理 等過程。 第三章及第四章研究結果分析。專業階層讀者社會情境變項與專業準則介入變項的綜 合與比較分析。 第五章結論與建議。包括研究發概述及有關報紙的討論和建議。

「限證政策」在我國政治界、新聞界的議題，是個「結」。從民國四十多年來，就十 直是關心中國「新聞自由」者爭執不休的熱門課題，曾掀起多次討論高潮。 究竟是「開放登記」？抑是繼續「維持限證」？論者大抵都是「公說公理，婆說婆有 理」。而依我國目前所居開發中國家的處境來說，需要何等的「新聞自由」程度，才 能符合真正的「新聞自由」？有沒必要仿效先進國家儘可能不設限，保障憲法所賦予 人民言論、出版自由的權利？二者利弊如何？這些問題交織一幅「網」，必須層層去 剝落這些「綱目」，才能對「問題」有所洞燭，進而發現「癥結」，予以「解決」。 本文擬從下列途徑來分析研討這些問題： 第一章 分三節。先就本研究的研究動機、問題、方法及限制去界定、廓清本研究範 圍。 第二章 分四節。予本題下定義，進而回顧「限證政策」的歷史背景、沿革及目前我 國報業現況。 第三章 分五節。探討「限證政策」所考慮的因素，並逐項加以剖析。 第四章 分三節。研究「限證政策」所造成的影響及其法令依據。 第五章 分四節。介紹「新聞自由」理論，並深入探討「新聞自由與國家安全」、「 新聞管制」、「開發中國家的新聞自由」等類目。 第六章 結論與建議。係就前五章所述，予以總結，並提出幾點建議。

國內報紙充斥不良廣告，一直拿不出有效辦法來管理。為使納入正軌，本論文希望能 為廣告法催生。 內容分作四大事，計三萬字。 一、探討廣告的角色與功能。 二、列舉目前缺失，同時說明涉及廣告管理的法令散見各處，形成多頭馬車，不能發 揮效力。此外，要求自律的效果並不理想。 三、印證國外發展，找出問題癥結在缺乏有效的約束力量及人才。 四、對症下藥，為廣告法與人才培育指出方向。 #1015221p #1015221p

<p>This thesis covers an introduction to the present conditions for newspaper publishing, definitions and analyses of the processes of newspaper production and distribution, expected future developments with respect to products and production processes, and finally, conclusions regarding the need for global coordination of products, production and distribution.</p><p>Primarily, the conditions in the Nordic countries have been analysed. Particular attention has been drawn to Swedish morning newspapers with a circulation exceeding about 50 000 copies per publishing day.</p><p>The study has been carried out mainly through literature research, through case studies using the SDA-method, and through acquisition and analyses of production data from the case studies. In addition, interviews and questionnaires have been used.</p><p>A modern newspaper printing plant requires heavy investments. The number of newspaper printing plants is decreasing, but he number of newspaper titles printed in each plant increases. The flexibility in and utilisation of the remaining plants increases as well as the complexity and variety of the products handled.</p><p>In all case studies of newspaper production, the companies use fixed production and distribution plans, following the same timetable from day to day. Delayed press starts, deviations from the calculated production speed, and interruptions during the production immediately cause disturbances in the distribution, delay costs, and goodwill losses.</p><p>The time needed to produce a fixed number of copies varies within a wide range. Days of more complex production in the production plants meet with problems more often. The average net production speed is progressively reduced at higher page counts. Inserting operations result in an accelerated reduction. The difference is mainly caused by product related differences in cruising speed and by the occurrence of unplanned stops. The coordination of products, production and distribution is essential already today, and will be even more important in the future.</p><p>More flexible production and distribution plans would imply controlled and predictable risks. In addition, it will render increased utilisation of the resources available. A product model can be used in order to identify an associated production process model as a set of separate activities. Detailed modelling of the different activities demands detailed tracking and systematic use of the production history. A detailed activity modelling will make it possible to predict the capability of a certain activity in terms of production speed and reliability. This will facilitate coordination on a global level.</p>

<p>The digitalization of the media industry has involved great changes for the Swedish daily press. Instead of subscribing on a daily newspaper, more people tend to read newspaper's free edition online.  The recent recession has contributed to strike hard against the newspaper's economy. This is the problem our research is based upon. How will the newspaper develop and which measures have to be done to get a well functioning business model that is suited for future conditions?</p><p>We have made qualitative interviews with Swedish newspapers: Göteborgs-Posten, Norrköpingstidningen, Sydsvenskan and with the danish newspaper Politiken. To widening the view, we have also made several interviews with well-placed observers, both domestic and foreign.</p><p>The results show, that in order to get the daily press financially stable, the content within the newspaper has to be even more target oriented in order to attract both readers and advertisers.  The results also show that it is important for the newspaper to separate the content of the paper-edition from the online-edition. That is, the free online-edition should not entirely replace the traditional paper-edition.</p><p>We claim that successful daily press newspapers will in the future use a wider spectra of media-channels. The daily press will act more as a brand with the goal to produce high quality news in several different media-channels.</p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>In the past decades the newspaper industry went through many changes but it has never had a problem of this kind. With the freedom the Internet brings us today and the wide range of information channels, the newspaper is for the first time seriously challenged.</p><p>When the newspapers began to establish themselves on the internet they thought it was only to copy the content of the newspaper on to their webpage and the advertisers would come along. This move was not planed and had no vision. When the advertisers discovered Internets wide range of advertisement platforms they started to look for other places they could put their ads.</p><p> </p><p>This thesis is about the local newspapers ability to address the problem that the internet has created. I based my study on the following issues:</p><ul><li>Why has internet caused this problem for the newspapers?</li><li>What are the prerequisites for local newspapers when they face challenges from the internet?</li><li>How have the advertisers acted after the emergence of this challenge?</li></ul><p>To answer these questions I did qualitative interviews with different personalities within the newspaper industry, two local newspaper executives and two professors in media economics.</p><p> </p><p>In conclusion the result shows that there are different opinions regarding these questions and different views of how to solve them. The Newspaper industry is heading towards a new era where the electronic newspaper is going to play a much bigger role. The executives need to come up with new business models where the consumer’s needs are in the center.</p>

Social media has created a two-pronged dilemma for the journalism world. On one side is an attack of the basic notions of identity and authority for an age-old profession while on the other side supporting journalists by making available an endless amount of new tools and resources for them to work with. This thesis establishes and examines the online community of practice that has formed in the crosshair of the two sides, where the future of newspapers is a hotly debated subject. Using innovative data collection, the conversations of 20 experts is studied qualitatively through computer mediated discourse analysis to examine and explore the debate while providing consideration of the key issues to allow for an in-depth study.