Studiens syfte är att beskriva och förstå fem vuxna kvinnors levda erfarenheter av eftervåld och deras upplevelser av samhällets stöd. Utgångspunkten är kvinnornas berättelser, där deras erfarenheter och upplevelser, tankar och känslor står i centrum. Studiens vetenskapsteoretiska förankring är hermeneutisk och utgår från en kvalitativ metod med abduktiv ansats. Studiens empiriska material består av fem intervjuer som analyserats genom ett hermeneutiskt tolkningsförfarande. Bourdieus teori om den manliga dominansen och Ebaughs exitteori har använts som teoretiska utgångspunkter i tolkningen. Resultatet pekar på att eftervåldet kan utövas på olika sätt och innebära olika konsekvenser. Hot och trakasserier är en vanlig våldsform, liksom att gemensamma barn utnyttjas som maktmedel av våldsutövaren i syfte att fortsätta kontrollera den våldsutsatta kvinnan. Resultatet pekar vidare på att upplevelsen av samhällsstödet kan skilja sig åt samt att förståelse och kunskap om våld och eftervåld är en gemensam faktor för att samhället ska kunna stödja kvinnorna på ett adekvat sätt. Våra främsta forskningsfynd är att de våldsutsatta kvinnornas livskvalitet försämras av eftervåldet och dess konsekvenser, men även att motståndskraften hos dem hela tiden ökar trots barriärerna. / The aim of this study is to describe and understand five adult women’s lived experiences of post separation violence and their experiences of society support. The focus is the women’s own stories. The grounding is hermeneutic and emanates from a qualitative method with an abductive approach. The empirical materials consist of five interviews which has been analyzed by a hermeneutic interpretation procedure. Bourdieu’s theory masculine domination and Ebaugh’s theory the process of role exit has been used as theoretical starting points in the interpretation. The results shows that post separation violence can be exerted in different ways and implicate various consequences. Threats and harassment are a common type of violence, as well as using mutual children as a mean of power for the abuser to continue control the exposed woman. The results also shows that the experiences of society support differ and that understanding and knowledge of domestic violence and post separation violence is a common factor for society to be able to support the women in an adequate way. Our main findings are that the exposed women’s quality of life decreases because of the post separation violence and its consequences, but also that the resilience increases despite the barriers.

New ventures started by entrepreneurs need access to the right amount of financial resourcesin order to grow and expand businesses. Venture capital financing and partnerships withventure capital firms is a common route for entrepreneurial companies to acquire the neededfinancing for growing the venture, which in turn benefits a country’s economy as a whole.The partnership between the venture capital firm and the entrepreneur may involve conflicts,due to different goals and objectives towards the business, difference in management stylesand personal background as well as task and contextual conflicts, to mention some examples.We discovered a knowledge gap regarding conflicts between venture capital firms andentrepreneurs in Sweden and hence our aim with this study is to provide an answer on howventure capital firms and entrepreneurs are dealing with these potential conflicts in Sweden.To find out the answer, we reviewed selected and relevant literature on the subject andadapted a theoretical framework, based on existing literature. In terms of methodologicalapproach, we chose to be constructionists by following the abductive approach, in order toeffectively answer our research question and be able to add and complement our theoreticalframework, based on our empirical findings.Our empirical findings consists of four valuable interviews with venture capital firmmanagers and another four interviews with entrepreneurial CEOs and/or company founders,to get the view of both parties involved in venture capital partnerships. Based on ourempirical findings, our main conclusion is that the venture capital partnership often suffersfrom lacking communication from either or both parties, which could start or worsen theconflicts. Many of these problems are also derived by the vastly different backgrounds ofventure capital firm managers compared to entrepreneurs.Additionally, our study notes a tendency for less patience for conflicts among venture capitalfirms compared to entrepreneurs, as venture capital firms are willing to replace the currentCEO or make an early exit the venture or even liquidate its shares, if they deem problems assevere. On the other hand, entrepreneurs want to keep the dialogue going and seem to havemore patience. To mitigate the conflicts in the venture capital partnership, based on ourfindings, we propose that venture capital firms should hire managers or consultants with amore technical background when evaluating and working with certain entrepreneurs.Furthermore, venture capital firms may need to be more dynamic in terms of their controlmeasurements as opposed to being overly static on a long-term business plan which may getoutdated or lose relevancy.Entrepreneurs, nonetheless, need training and support in many cases, to understand how tocommunicate in business contexts and write business plans in order to facilitate thecollaboration with their venture capitalists.

This research aims to improve the design and placement of runway exits at airports through analysis and modeling of the effects that exogenous causal factors have on pilots' landing behavior and exit selections. Incorporating these factors into modeling software will strengthen the software's utility by providing project teams the ability to specify which pilot motivational causal factors apply to a new or existing runway. The main findings suggest pilots' exit selections are deterministic but dependent on the presence (or absence) of six (6) causal factors. A model and two (2) case studies are presented and compared against predictions generated by existing modeling software. The results support a finding that the causal factor model improves motivation-based predictions over current modeling techniques, which are drawn from stochastic distributions. The accuracy of this model enables designers to optimize runway exit placement and geometry to maximize runway capacity. / Master of Science / Airport design engineers currently plan the locations and geometric characteristics of runway exits by balancing the expected fleet mix of aircraft on that runway with the capacity and delay effects that the number and placement of these exits might cause. This technique originated from research beginning in the early 1970s, which found that pilots' exit motivations primarily resulted from the capabilities and limitations of their aircraft. Since pilots tend to "fly by the numbers" (i.e., exhibit predictable approach airspeeds, power levels, wing flaps, touchdown locations, landing speeds, and braking efforts), engineers thus employed design principles in which the numbers, locations and geometries of exits were primarily functions of the physical and performance-based characteristics of the specific types of aircraft expected to utilize the runway. However, in studying more than 4 million landings by a single aircraft type (the Boeing 737-800) at 42 U.S. airports, the evidence in this thesis shows that pilots' exit selections are behaviorally motivated by more than the physics of motion. This thesis aims to refine previous research and engineering methods by showing evidence that pilots' exit selections have as much to do with the presence (or absence) of certain environmental factors within the landing system. These factors (described in detailed within) are unique to each airport's overall physical network of interconnected runways, exits, taxiways, terminals and other features. Within this network, a pilot's landing behavior and exit selection depends on the locational and relational interactions that each exit choice will have on the time and distance to their apron (gate) assignment. These "interactions" are referred to as causal factors – defined as physical features within a landing environment that pilots have little-to-no control over – but which nevertheless influence their specific exit selections. Two (2) runway case studies provided in this thesis evidence a finding that a causal factor model reliably predicts pilots' exit selections better than current modeling techniques, which are drawn from probability-based statistical distributions. The stability and accuracy of the new model enables engineering design and project teams to optimize runway exit placement and geometry to maximize runway capacity, and can be adopted for use in both existing and future runways.

Under perioder av sjuksköterskebrist uppstår ofta svårighet med att rekrytera och behålla sjuksköterskor. Denna brist på kvalificerad vårdpersonal kan hanteras genom användandet av konsultsjuksköterskor som arbetar flexibelt. Ökande offentliga kostnader kopplade till denna anställningsform har dock under 2024 föranlett att ett regiongemensamt avtal införts av Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner med avsikt att minska den offentliga sjukvårdens beroende av denna bemanningsform. Med utgångspunkt i de känslor som införandet av detta avtal framkallat har konsultsjuksköterskors upplevelse av sin roll i organiseringen av den patientnära offentliga sjukvården undersökts utifrån Hirschmans modell Exit, Voice and Loyalty. Slutsats: Genom åtta djupintervjuer av yrkesverksamma konsultsjuksköterskor framkommer att deras möjligheter att påverka hur den patientnära sjukvården organiseras upplevs som liten. Den frihet och de valmöjligheter som arbetet som konsultsjuksköterska medför upplevs i denna relation som större och mer personligt fördelaktigt. Avsaknaden av uppskattning, lyhördhet och incitament till utfört arbete har framförts som bakomliggande anledningar till att konsultsjuksköterskor lämnar anställning i offentlig organisationen, snarare än yrket Att lämna den offentliga anställningen blir på så sätt ett slutgiltigt försöka att påverka hur denna patientnära sjukvården organiseras. / During periods of nursing shortage, difficulties often arise in recruiting and retaining nurses. This shortage of qualified healthcare professionals can be addressed through the use of consultant nurses who work flexibly. However, increasing public costs linked to this form of employment have led to the introduction of a region-wide agreement by the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions in 2024 with the intention of reducing public healthcare's dependence on this form of staffing. Based on the feelings that the introduction of this agreement has provoked, temorary nurses' experience of their role in the organization of patient-oriented public health care has been investigated from Hirschmans theory Exit, Voice and Loyalty. Conclusion: Through eight in-depth interviews of professional temorary nurses, it appears that their opportunities to influence how the patient-related healthcare is organized are perceived as small. The freedom and choices that the work as a temproary nurse entails is experienced in this relationship as greater and more personally beneficial. The lack of appreciation, responsiveness and incentives for work done has been put forward as underlying reasons why consultant nurses leave employment in the public organization, rather than the profession, as a final way to try to influence how this patient-oriented care is organized.

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[pt] Mística Marial como caminho de fé é uma proposta para a formação de discípulos missionários de uma Igreja em saída, inspirada na experiência de fé vivida por Maria. Qual Maria? A Maria dos Evangelhos. Maria, pelo seu sim ao projeto de Deus de ser a mãe de Jesus, a Theotókos, viveu uma experiência do mistério de Deus no cotidiano de sua vida. A partir dessa experiência, sai apressadamente para acompanhar e atender a vida carente de cuidados. Maria sinaliza uma caminhada na fé com um dinamismo evangelizador. O presente trabalho propõe um diálogo entre duas épocas: a do Beato Chaminade (1761-1850) e a atual do Papa Francisco. O Beato Chaminade viveu num tempo de grandes transformações e desafios para a sociedade e para a Igreja. Ele vivenciou uma experiência do mistério de Deus em Cristo, inspirada por Maria, experiência essa que se deu durante o exílio em Zaragoza aos pés da Virgem do Pilar. A partir de então ele inicia seu novo apostolado, tendo em Maria um modelo de fé. Já o Papa Francisco, enfrenta grandes desafios, atendendo a um forte apelo para uma reforma da Igreja, uma conversão pessoal e pastoral: o sonho de uma Igreja pobre para os pobres, uma mãe de coração aberto. Maria, a Nossa Senhora da Prontidão, está sempre atenta e em atitude de escuta para com todos, especialmente os pobres. Para o Papa Francisco, existe uma íntima relação entre Maria, a Igreja e o povo fiel. Para ele, a devoção e a piedade popular constituem um lugar teológico e devem estar presentes na Nova Evangelização. A mistagogia marial, Maria, o ícone perfeito da fé e a primeira discípula missionária, sinaliza, por sua experiência mística, uma formação na verdadeira fé para o seguimento de seu Filho Jesus Cristo. Nesse processo de formação, que é humano e espiritual, temos uma mãe que acompanha, educa e cuida. Ela inspira um dinamismo de saída, de encontro, solidariedade e compaixão para com todos; um retorno às relações fundamentais com Deus, com o ser humano e com a casa comum, pois tudo está interligado, interrelacionado. / [en] Marial Mystic as a path of faith proposes the formation of missionary disciples of an outgoing Church, inspired by the experience of faith lived by Mary. Which Mary? The Mary of the Gospels. Mary, through her yes to God s project of being the mother of Jesus, the Theotókos, lived an experience of the mystery of God in her daily life. From this experience, she hurriedly leaves to follow and attend to life in need of care. Mary signals a journey in faith with an evangelizing dynamism. This work proposes a dialogue between two eras: that of Blessed Chaminade (1761-1850) and the current era of Pope Francis. Blessed Chaminade lived in a time of great transformations and challenges for society and the Church. He experienced the mystery of God in Christ, inspired by Mary. This experience took place during his exile in Zaragoza at the feet of the Virgin of Pilar. From then on, he began his new apostolate, having Mary as a model of faith. Pope Francis, in today s times, faces great challenges, responding to a strong call for a reform of the Church, a personal and pastoral conversion: the dream of a poor Church for the poor, a mother with an open heart. Mary, Our Lady of Readiness, is always attentive and listens to everyone in need, especially the poor. For Pope Francis, there is an intimate relationship between Mary, the Church and the faithful people. For him, devotion and popular piety constitute a theological place and must be present in the New Evangelization. Marial mystagogy, Mary, the perfect icon of faith and the first missionary disciple, signals (through her mystical experience) a formation in true faith to follow her Son Jesus Christ. In this process, which is human and spiritual, we have a mother who accompanies, educates and cares. Sheinspires an outgoing dynamism, encounter, solidarity and compassion towards everyone; a return to fundamental relationships with God, with human beings and with the common home, as everything is interconnected, interrelated.

Diese Arbeit behandelt die Asymptotik von Austritts- und Übergangszeiten für gewisse schwach zeitinhomogene Diffusionsprozesse. Darauf basierend wird ein probabilistischer Begriff der stochastischen Resonanz (SR) studiert. Techniken der großen Abweichungen spielen eine zentrale Rolle. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit (Kapitel 1-3) werden Resultate aus der Theorie der großen Abweichungen für zeithomogene Diffusionen rekapituliert. Es werden die klassischen Resultate von Freidlin und Wentzell und Erweiterungen dieser Theorie präsentiert, und es wird an das Kramers''sche Austrittszeitengesetz erinnert. Teil II befasst sich mit dem Phänomen der SR, d.h. mit Periodizitätseigenschaften von Diffusionen. In Kapitel 4 werden physikalische Maße zur Messung der Periodizität diskutiert. Deren Nachteile legen es nahe, einem alternativen, probabilistischen Ansatz zu folgen, der hier behandelt wird. Das 5. Kapitel dient der Herleitung eines gleichmäßigen Prinzips der großen Abweichungen für Diffusionen mit schwach zeitabhängigem, periodischem Drift. Die Gleichmäßigkeit des Prinzips ermöglicht die exakte Bestimmung exponentieller Übergangsraten in Kapitel 6, das die zentralen Ergebnisse des 2. Teils beinhaltet. Hierdurch wird die Maximierung gewisser Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten ermöglicht, was zum in Kapitel 7 studierten Resonanzbegriff führt. Teil III der Arbeit setzt sich mit der Asymptotik von Austrittszeiten sogenannter selbststabilisierender Diffusionen auseinander. In Kapitel 8 wird der Zusammenhang zwischen interagierenden Teilchensystemen und selbststabilisierenden Diffusionen erläutert und die Existenz- und Eindeutigkeitsfrage behandelt. Das 9. Kapitel dient dem Studium der großen Abweichungen dieser Klasse von Diffusionen. In Kapitel 10 wird das Kramers''sche Austrittszeitengesetz auf selbststabilisierende Diffusionen übertragen, und in Kapitel 11 wird der Einfluß der selbststabilisierenden Komponente auf das Austrittszeitengesetz illustriert. / In this thesis, we study the asymptotic behavior of exit and transition times of certain weakly time inhomogeneous diffusion processes. Based on these asymptotics, a probabilistic notion of stochastic resonance (SR) is investigated. Large deviations techniques play the key role throughout this work. In the first part (Chapters 1-3) we recall the large deviations theory for time homogeneous diffusions. We present the classical results due to Freidlin and Wentzell and extensions thereof, and we remind of Kramers'' exit time law. Part II deals with the phenomenon of stochastic resonance. That is, we study periodicity properties of diffusion processes. In Chapter 4 we explain the paradigm of stochastic resonance and discuss physical notions of measuring periodicity of diffusions. Their drawbacks suggest to follow an alternative probabilistic approach, which is treated in this work. In Chapter 5 we derive a large deviations principle for diffusions subject to a weakly time dependent periodic drift term. The uniformity of the obtained large deviations bounds w.r.t. the system''s parameters plays a key role for the treatment of transition time asymptotics in Chapter 6, which contains the main result of the second part. The exact exponential transition rates obtained here allow for maximizing transition probabilities, which finally leads to the announced probabilistic notion of resonance studied in Chapter 7. In the third part we investigate the exit time asymptotics of a certain class of so-called self-stabilizing diffusions. In Chapter 8 we explain the connection between interacting particle systems and self-stabilizing diffusions, and we address the question of existence. The following Chapter 9 is devoted to the study of the large deviations behavior of these diffusions. In Chapter 10 Kramers'' exit law is carried over to our class of self-stabilizing diffusions. Finally, the influence of self-stabilization is illustrated in Chapter 11.

Trans Cinema and its Exit Scapes offers a critical and creative intervention into cultural representations of gendered body dissidence in contemporary film. The study argues for the possibility of finding spaces of “disidentification”, so-called “exit scapes” within the films. Exit scapes disrupt the dominant cinematic regime set up for the trans character, which ties them into stories of discrimination, humiliation and violence. In Trans Cinema, for instance films such as Hedwig and the Angry Inch (2001), Transamerica (2005), Romeos (2011) and Laurence Anyways (2012), scenes of singing, dancing and dreaming allow a different form of engagement with the films. As argued here, they allow a critical re-reading and an affirmative re-imagining of trans embodiment. The aim of this study is to investigate the utopian and hopeful potential within Trans Cinema from a critical transfeminist perspective. While focusing in particular on trans entrants as “spectators” or readers, this study draws on the work of a wide range of feminist and cultural scholars, such as Sara Ahmed, Susan Stryker, José Esteban Muñoz, Trinh T. Minh-Ha, Karen Barad and Donna Haraway. The thesis etches out cinematic spatiotemporalities that unfold possibilities of utopian worlding and trans becoming through a set of conceptual innovations. By utilising a critical approach to audio-visuality and feminist film theory, the thesis re-conceptualises haptic spectatorship theory and its critique in western modernist ocularcentricism through a set of conceptual innovations. The methodological tools developed in this thesis, such as the “entrant”, the “exit scape” and “sensible cinematic intra-activity”, feature here as a multisensorial methodology for transdisciplinary transgender studies and feminist film theory as well as visual culture at large. / Trans Cinema and its Exit Scapes är en kritisk och kreativ intervention med fokus på kulturella representationer av kroppar som bryter mot en könsbinär ordning i samtida film. Studien argumenterar för möjligheten att hitta utrymmen för “disidentification”, så kallade “exit scapes” inom filmerna. Exit scapes stör den dominanta filmiska ordning som skapats för transkaraktären, en ordning som är förbunden med berättelser om diskriminering, förödmjukelse och våld. Inom Trans Cinema, i filmer som exempelvis Hedwig and the Angry Inch (2001), Transamerica (2005), Romeos (2011) and Laurence Anyways (2012), öppnar scener med sång, dans och drömmar upp för andra former av engagemang med filmerna. Som det argumenteras för i avhandlingen tillåter dessa ett kritiskt omformulerande av, och ett nytt affirmativt sätt att föreställa sig, transkroppslighet. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka den utopiska och hoppfulla potential som finns inom transfilm utifrån ett kritiskt transfeministiskt perspektiv. Även om studien främst riktar sig till trans entrants som “åskådare” eller läsare, så har den en bred teoretisk bas hämtad från verk av en lång rad feministiska forskare inom kulturfältet, såsom Sara Ahmed, Susan Stryker, José Esteban Muñoz, Trinh T. Minh-Ha, Karen Barad och Donna Haraway. Denna avhandling skissar filmiska spatiotemporaliteter, vilka öppnar för möjligheter av utopiska värdsliga och transsubjektiva tillblivelser genom utvecklandet av olika teoretiska begrepp. Genom ett kritiskt förhållningssätt till audiovisualitet och feministisk filmteori, revideras och omformuleras haptisk åskådarskapsteori och dess kritik i en västerländsk okularcentrism genom olika teoretiska innovationer. De metodologiska verktygen som utvecklas i avhandlingen, såsom “the entrant”, “the exit scape” samt “sensible cinematic intra-activity” utgör här funktionen som multisensorisk metodologi för transdisciplinära transstudier, feministisk filmteori samt för visuell kultur i stort.

Foreign aid as an economic policy was previously widely accepted as a way to assist least developed economies to achieve economic growth. Over the years, aid effectiveness has been questioned, whilst aid dependency has continued to rise. To assist in aid reduction, various economists have proposed aid exit strategies that countries could adopt to reduce aid dependency. However, the adoption of these strategies has been rather slow. The purpose of this study was to review and assess the current literature on the different proposed foreign aid exit strategies, in terms of their feasibility and ease of implementation, taking into account the current state of African economies. The analysis focused on the exit strategies recommended by Tandon (2008), Moyo (2009) and Fee (2012). The main finding of this study suggests that the aforementioned exit strategies are feasible, but not necessarily easy to implement, due to the limitations faced by many least developed countries. / Economics / M. Com. (Economics)

Trans Cinema and its Exit Scapes offers a critical and creative intervention into cultural representations of gendered body dissidence in contemporary film. The study argues for the possibility of finding spaces of “disidentification”, so-called “exit scapes” within the films. Exit scapes disrupt the dominant cinematic regime set up for the trans character, which ties them into stories of discrimination, humiliation and violence. In Trans Cinema, for instance films such as Hedwig and the Angry Inch (2001), Transamerica (2005), Romeos (2011) and Laurence Anyways (2012), scenes of singing, dancing and dreaming allow a different form of engagement with the films. As argued here, they allow a critical re-reading and an affirmative re-imagining of trans embodiment. The aim of this study is to investigate the utopian and hopeful potential within Trans Cinema from a critical transfeminist perspective. While focusing in particular on trans entrants as “spectators” or readers, this study draws on the work of a wide range of feminist and cultural scholars, such as Sara Ahmed, Susan Stryker, José Esteban Muñoz, Trinh T. Minh-Ha, Karen Barad and Donna Haraway. The thesis etches out cinematic spatiotemporalities that unfold possibilities of utopian worlding and trans becoming through a set of conceptual innovations. By utilising a critical approach to audio-visuality and feminist film theory, the thesis re-conceptualises haptic spectatorship theory and its critique in western modernist ocularcentricism through a set of conceptual innovations. The methodological tools developed in this thesis, such as the “entrant”, the “exit scape” and “sensible cinematic intra-activity”, feature here as a multisensorial methodology for transdisciplinary transgender studies and feminist film theory as well as visual culture at large. / Trans Cinema and its Exit Scapes är en kritisk och kreativ intervention med fokus på kulturella representationer av kroppar som bryter mot en könsbinär ordning i samtida film. Studien argumenterar för möjligheten att hitta utrymmen för “disidentification”, så kallade “exit scapes” inom filmerna. Exit scapes stör den dominanta filmiska ordning som skapats för transkaraktären, en ordning som är förbunden med berättelser om diskriminering, förödmjukelse och våld. Inom Trans Cinema, i filmer som exempelvis Hedwig and the Angry Inch (2001), Transamerica (2005), Romeos (2011) and Laurence Anyways (2012), öppnar scener med sång, dans och drömmar upp för andra former av engagemang med filmerna. Som det argumenteras för i avhandlingen tillåter dessa ett kritiskt omformulerande av, och ett nytt affirmativt sätt att föreställa sig, transkroppslighet. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka den utopiska och hoppfulla potential som finns inom transfilm utifrån ett kritiskt transfeministiskt perspektiv. Även om studien främst riktar sig till trans entrants som “åskådare” eller läsare, så har den en bred teoretisk bas hämtad från verk av en lång rad feministiska forskare inom kulturfältet, såsom Sara Ahmed, Susan Stryker, José Esteban Muñoz, Trinh T. Minh-Ha, Karen Barad och Donna Haraway. Denna avhandling skissar filmiska spatiotemporaliteter, vilka öppnar för möjligheter av utopiska värdsliga och transsubjektiva tillblivelser genom utvecklandet av olika teoretiska begrepp. Genom ett kritiskt förhållningssätt till audiovisualitet och feministisk filmteori, revideras och omformuleras haptisk åskådarskapsteori och dess kritik i en västerländsk okularcentrism genom olika teoretiska innovationer. De metodologiska verktygen som utvecklas i avhandlingen, såsom “the entrant”, “the exit scape” samt “sensible cinematic intra-activity” utgör här funktionen som multisensorisk metodologi för transdisciplinära transstudier, feministisk filmteori samt för visuell kultur i stort.