Bakgrund  Tusentals patienter genomgår varje år kirurgiska ingrepp i Sverige. Sjuksköterskan har i sitt arbete ett ansvar för att främja hälsa, förebygga sjukdom och lindra lidande utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt. Under den pre- och postoperativa perioden genomgår patienten olika vårdmoment - undersökningar, intervjuer såväl som provtagningar. De upplevelser som dessa patienter har i samband med operation är relaterade till hälsoutfall såväl till längre sjukhusvistelser och högre vårdkostnader. Det är av vikt att belysa patientupplevelser utifrån den kunskap som finns tillgänglig på området, för att därifrån identifiera de områden varvid vården brister men också de områden där vården är god, utifrån patienternas perspektiv. Syfte  Att beskriva patienters upplevelser av vård i samband med operation. Metod  En icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt genomfördes. Kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar sammanställdes genom integrerad analys, där huvudkategorier skapats utifrån likheter och skillnader som framkommit i artiklarna. Resultat  Den integrerade analysen ledde till tre kategorier. Mötet med vårdpersonal beskriver vikten av att ha ett personligt möte med vårdaren framgår. Tidsbrist och stress beskrivs som hinder för ett gott möte. Under Upplevelser av information framkommer hur informationen bör portioneras ut över tid och upprepas, men även individanpassas. I När informationen brister, framgår brister i informationen eller dess överföring. Dessa innefattar medicinsk terminologi, att ge för mycket eller för lite information, tidsbrist hos vårdpersonal och avsaknad av individanpassad information. Slutsats Behovet av att vården anpassas efter personen är genomgående för vårdmötet och för informationens utformning. Personanpassning sammanfaller med positiva patientupplevelser karakteriserade av trygghet och minskningar av negativ emotion. Till detta tillkommer behovet av en nära och mänsklig relation mellan patient och vårdare. När vårdaren möter personen snarare än patienten kan denna känna sig som en unik individ av betydelse, och inte enbart som en patient eller nästa i kön. Vidare kan små medel användas av vårdaren för att skapa positiva upplevelser hos patienterna trots tidsbrist och stress. / Background  Every year thousands of patients undergo surgery in Sweden. The nurse’s responsibility during this period is to promote health, prevent illness and alleviate suffering with a person-centred approach. During the pre- and postoperative periods, the patient will encounter care-related procedures – examinations, interviews and samplings. The experiences that the patients have in relation to surgery are related to health outcomes, as well as to prolonged hospital stay and higher costs. It is of importance to illustrate the patients’ experience from the knowledge that is available, to identify areas where care is of good quality as well as where it is not, from the patients’ perspective. Aim  To describe patients’ experiences of care in relation to surgical procedures. Method  A non-systematic literature review was conducted. Qualitative and quantitative articles were evaluated through integrated analysis, categories were created based upon similarities and differences in the articles. Results  The integrated analysis gave rise to three categories. Meeting with health-care staff described the importance of having a personal meeting with a carer. Lack of time, and stress are described as hindrances for a good meeting. In Experiences of information, it is described how information should be divided over time and repeated and be adjusted for the individual recipient. When information is flawed described how the use of medical terminology, giving too much or too little information, lack of time and lack of personalized information leads to negative experiences. Conclusions  The need for care to be adjusted to the person in question is important, and in terms of how information is given. When care is adjusted to the person in question, patients’ experiences are characterized by feelings of safety and reductions in negative emotion. In relation to this, there is a need for the creation of a close and human relationship between patient and carer. When the carer sees a person, rather than a patient, it creates feelings of being a unique individual of importance, rather than just a patient or the next one in line. Small means can be used by the carer to create positive experiences despite lack of time and stress.

Community colleges are in a unique position in the hierarchy of higher education. They provide quality education at an affordable price. They are strategically located in communities to provide educational opportunities for everyone. The latest prediction is that enrollment at two-year institutions is expected to increase from 5.7 million students to 6.3 million students by 2012 (Gerald & Hussar, 2002). However, research indicates that the retention and transfer rates of community college students are low. This is problematic due to the increased calls for accountability on the national education agenda which are linked to student outcomes. This is astounding for a system with a foundational belief in self-development and an unquenchable mission to provide postsecondary access to people who would likely not attend college if such avenues did not exist. Fortunately, there is one aspect of this statistic that brings renewed optimism to the university transfer mission of community colleges. Eightyive percent of Phi Theta Kappa members transfer to a four-year institution. Currently more than 600 colleges and universities in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Canada, and London offer more than $36 million in transfer scholarships to Phi Theta Kappa members (www.ptk.org). This study examined the experiences of those students who are members of Phi Theta Kappa in an effort to identify ways to recruit and retain students and increase the transfer percentage for community college students. The Community College Student Experiences Questionnaire was used to examine their community college experiences quantitatively. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlations were used to analyze the data. Results of this study indicated that the Phi Theta Kappans were attending their community college to prepare for transfer to a four-year college or university. As anticipated, the Phi Theta Kappans were more involved in activities related to their courses and computer technology. The Quality of Effort scale indicated a low level of engagement in cultural activities. An unexpected finding was that there was no statistical significant difference in student satisfaction based on age, sex, or gender. Additionally, the students were satisfied with their community college environment.

This thesis explores visitor experiences at the “Viva Mexico” exhibition at the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm, focusing on the integration of digital technologies. Building upon the Hybrid Museum Experiences by Løvlie et al. (2022) and its three dimensions: The Physical and the Digital, The Personal and the Social, and The Museum and the Visitor, the study aims to understand how visitors interact with these technologies, what influences their engagement, and the role of social dynamics in shaping their museum experience. Through a combination of on-site observations and a qualitative survey of 30 participants, the research revealed that visitors appreciated digital tools like video screens, VR headsets, and touchscreens for their ability to enhance understanding and engagement. The findings revealed the significant impact of social interactions and group dynamics on visitor engagement, particularly noting the differences between guided and independent tours. Moreover, they indicate that while digital technologies can significantly enrich the museum experience, their design and implementation need to consider accessibility, user-friendliness, and the social context of visits to be truly effective. Challenges such as limited interaction time, feelings of isolation, and language barriers were also identified and will be discussed further. This thesis starts with an introduction that sets the context and outlines the research questions. Then, the theoretical framework followed for this study is discussed and after that follows the methodology section where the data collection and analysis methods are explained. The analysis is divided into three sections corresponding to the three dimensions of the theoretical framework. The final discussion interprets the findings, and the conclusion summarizes the research, mentions the limitations and suggests areas for further study. Lastly, the thesis ends with the bibliography and appendices.

Bakgrund: Dödsfall bland barn i Sverige är ovanligt. Ungefär 98 % av alla barn som vårdas på intensivvårdsavdelning överlever upp till vuxen ålder. Detta gör att sjukvården saknar erfarenhet av omhändertagande av föräldrarna till ett döende barn. Ett barns död väcker starka känslor hos föräldrarna. De kan känna förtvivlan, sorg, chock, skuld och depression. Genom familjecentrerad vård kan sjukvården stödja föräldrarna i deras svåra situation vid vården av barnet i livets slutskede. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa föräldrars upplevelser i samband med att deras barn dör på en intensivvårdsavdelning. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie utfördes. Artiklar söktes i databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och PsycINFO. Även manuell sökning genomfördes. Nio artiklar inkluderades. Relevanta artiklar analyserades för att identifiera kategorier. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fem huvudkategorier och tolv underkategorier. Huvudkategorierna var: samspelet mellan föräldrar och personal, förtroende för vården runt det döende barnet, omgivningens betydelse för föräldrarna, att få vara förälder och olika former av stöd. Slutsats: Genom ökad kunskap och förståelse för föräldrarnas upplevelser i samband med att ett barn dör på en intensivvårdsavdelning kan personalen bättre hantera föräldrarnas sorg och tillgodose deras behov. / Background: Death during childhood in Sweden is uncommon. Approximatley 98% of all children cared for in the intensivecareunit survive into adulthood. This means that the public health care system does not acquire much experience in taking care of parents of a child who has died. A child’s death leads to strong emotional experiences for parents. They can experience hopelessness, grieving, shock, guilt, and depression. Through family centered care, the health care system can support parents during the difficult period with end-of-life health care for a child. Aim: The aims of this literature review was to examine parental experiences in connection with the death of their child in an intensive care unit setting. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted. Articles were searched in the databases CIHNAL, PubMed and PsycINFO. Manual search was also conducted. Nine articles were included. Relevant articles were analyzed for categories. Result: The analysis resulted in five main categories, and twelve sub categories. The main categories included the following: interplay between parents and personnel, parental trust in the dying child’s health care management, the impact of the surroundings on the parents, the ability for the parents to maintain a parental role and various forms of support. Conclusion: Through better knowledge and understanding of parental experience when a child dies in an intensive care unit, personnel can better manage the parents grief and meet their needs.

This study was inspired by my experiences with a Williams syndrome child, which drew my attention to the meaningful experiences that children with Williams syndrome might have with music. The problem of the study can be defined in terms of five aspects. Firstly, individuals diagnosed with Williams syndrome suffer medically, socially and cognitively (Levitin & Bellugi, 1998:358-359) and music seems to be an aspect of their lives that could make things easier for them. Secondly, those suffering from Williams syndrome seemingly struggle to adapt to their social surroundings (Bellugi et al., 1994:5). The third aspect that defines the problem is that families of individuals with Williams syndrome in South Africa do not have sufficient access to educational facilities that are equipped to work with their children. This forces them to home school their children without the ability to educate them optimally. Fourthly, the research problem also stems from the lack of awareness about the lived musical experiences of individuals living Williams syndrome. It becomes clear that heightening awareness of the lived musical experiences of Williams syndrome individuals has not been addressed in research. Lastly, researchers have yet to undertake in-depth qualitative studies on the meaning of musical experience for the learning experiences of those suffering from Williams syndrome. The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is to understand the lived musical experiences of individuals living with Williams syndrome in Southern Africa1. Williams syndrome is defined as a rare genetic disorder which presents when around 20 genes are deleted on chromosome 7 at conception (Bellugi et al., 2007:98). This study follows an IPA approach and aims to gain insight into how participants understand their lived musical experiences. The theoretical foundations for IPA are based on “three key areas of philosophical knowledge, namely phenomenology, hermeneutics and idiography” (Smith et al., 2009: 11). For this study data were collected by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with three purposefully selected participants. The interview transcriptions were then analysed separately using ATLAS.ti 7 computer software. After each interview transcript was analysed individually, superordinate themes emerged from a cross-case analysis. The results of the study revealed four superordinate themes regarding the musical experiences of the three Williams syndrome participants: a passion for performing, fostering friendships, lightens the load and dependent on music. The study found that music contributes to the overall well-being of the three participants in a way that allows them to feel accepted by others and to escape the label of being diagnosed Williams syndrome. / MMus (Musicology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This study was inspired by my experiences with a Williams syndrome child, which drew my attention to the meaningful experiences that children with Williams syndrome might have with music. The problem of the study can be defined in terms of five aspects. Firstly, individuals diagnosed with Williams syndrome suffer medically, socially and cognitively (Levitin & Bellugi, 1998:358-359) and music seems to be an aspect of their lives that could make things easier for them. Secondly, those suffering from Williams syndrome seemingly struggle to adapt to their social surroundings (Bellugi et al., 1994:5). The third aspect that defines the problem is that families of individuals with Williams syndrome in South Africa do not have sufficient access to educational facilities that are equipped to work with their children. This forces them to home school their children without the ability to educate them optimally. Fourthly, the research problem also stems from the lack of awareness about the lived musical experiences of individuals living Williams syndrome. It becomes clear that heightening awareness of the lived musical experiences of Williams syndrome individuals has not been addressed in research. Lastly, researchers have yet to undertake in-depth qualitative studies on the meaning of musical experience for the learning experiences of those suffering from Williams syndrome. The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is to understand the lived musical experiences of individuals living with Williams syndrome in Southern Africa1. Williams syndrome is defined as a rare genetic disorder which presents when around 20 genes are deleted on chromosome 7 at conception (Bellugi et al., 2007:98). This study follows an IPA approach and aims to gain insight into how participants understand their lived musical experiences. The theoretical foundations for IPA are based on “three key areas of philosophical knowledge, namely phenomenology, hermeneutics and idiography” (Smith et al., 2009: 11). For this study data were collected by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with three purposefully selected participants. The interview transcriptions were then analysed separately using ATLAS.ti 7 computer software. After each interview transcript was analysed individually, superordinate themes emerged from a cross-case analysis. The results of the study revealed four superordinate themes regarding the musical experiences of the three Williams syndrome participants: a passion for performing, fostering friendships, lightens the load and dependent on music. The study found that music contributes to the overall well-being of the three participants in a way that allows them to feel accepted by others and to escape the label of being diagnosed Williams syndrome. / MMus (Musicology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Bakgrund: Sexualitet är för många en viktig del av livet. Cancer kan ha en negativ inverkanpå individers sexualitet. Cancerpatienter önskar och behöver information kring ämnet menvårdpersonal förbiser ofta detta. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva vårdpersonalenserfarenheter av samtal om sexualitet med cancersjuka patienter samt vad som kan hindra ellerunderlätta för dessa samtal. Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie baserad på sex kvantitativa och trekvalitativa studier samt en med mixad metod. Resultat: Resultatet kategoriserades under fyrateman: Professionalitet, Vårdrelation, Människosyn och Miljö. Dessa teman bestod av niosubteman Tilltro till sin kommunikativa förmåga, Kunskap kring sexualitet, Utbildning avpatienten, Bjuda in till samtal, Att bygga en relation och skapa en tillåtande atmosfär, Ettgenant och obekvämt område, Fördomar, Tidsbrist och Organisation. Slutsats: Kunskapkring sexualitet och en förmåga att kommunicera den på rätt sätt är essentiellt vid samtal medcancerpatienter om deras sexualitet. Det är viktigt att vårdpersonal funderar kring sin syn påmänniskan i allmänhet och på människan som sexuell varelse i synnerhet och hur det i sin turkan påverka om patienten får en holistisk omvårdnad eller ej. Förslag på fortsatt forskning: Mer forskning på patienters upplevelser och önskningar kring samtal om sexualitet behövs.Det behövs också mer forskning som enbart riktar in sig på en svensk kontext. / Background: Sexuality is for many an important part of life. Cancer may affect the sexualityof individuals in a negative way. Cancer patients need and wish for information regarding thesubject but health professionals are often neglecting this. Aim: The aim of the study was todescribe health professionals’ experiences of discussing sexuality with patients diagnosedwith cancer and barriers and facilitators for these kinds of discussions. Method: A literaturereview based on six quantitative and three qualitative studies and one with a mixed methodapproach. Results: The result were categorized in to four themes: Professionalism, Thecaring relationship, Human perspective and Environment. These themes included ninesubthemes: Trust in your communicating abilities, Knowledge regarding sexuality, Educatingthe patient, Invitation to a discussion, Building a relationship and creating a permissiveatmosphere, An embarrassing and uncomfortable area, Prejudices, Lack of time andOrganization. Conclusion: Knowledge regarding sexuality and an ability to communicate itin a correct way is essential when it comes to discussing sexuality with cancer patients. It’simportant that health professionals consider their human perspective in a general way andespecially how they see humans as a sexual beings and how that can effect whether thepatients will receive a holistic care or not. Suggestions for further research: Furtherresearch is needed that focus on the patients experiences and requests when it comes todiscussions about sexuality. There’s also a need for research that only investigates the issue ina Swedish context.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Barnmorskans arbetsfält omfattar idag sexuell-, reproduktiv- och perinatal hälsa och det centrala i yrkesutövningen är att främja hälsa. Barnmorskan ska ha kunskaper om, kunna ge information och undervisa om sexualitet och samlevnad utifrån ett genus- och livscykelperspektiv. Uppdraget på ungdomsmottagning är att arbeta med sexualitet och hälsa samt att förebygga oönskade graviditeter och STI. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva barnmorskors erfarenheter av preventivmedelsrådgivning på ungdomsmottagning. Metod: Individuella intervjuer genomfordes med nio barnmorskor på ungdomsmottagningar. Vid intervjutillfället användes en frågeguide och semistrukturerade frågor ställdes. Som analysmetod användes kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fyra kategorier och 15 subkategorier identifierades. Kategorierna var enligt följande: Erfarenheten och kunskapens betydelse, Det kliniska arbetssättet, Modererande faktorer och Utmaningar. Slutsats: Barnmorskor uppgav god kunskap och goda erfarenheter av ungdomar och preventivmedelsrådgivning på ungdomsmottagning men menade att det är ett dynamiskt arbete som bidrar till ständig utveckling. Vid möten med preventivmedelssökande ungdomar på ungdomsmottagning fanns önskan att mötet skulle ske på individnivå. Erfarenheter av modererande faktorer för barnmorskan, utmaningar för preventivmedelsrådgivningen och följsamheten fanns vilket innebar att preventivmedelsrådgivning för ungdomar på ungdomsmottagning är komplext. Klinisk tillämpbarhet: Studiens resultat skulle kunna innebära ökad förståelse för arbetet på ungdomsmottagning och skapa underlag för att möta utmaningarna som barnmorskorna möter i det dagliga arbetet. / Background: The midwife’s field of work today includes sexual,- reproductive,- and perinatal health and the core of the profession is to promote health. The midwife should have the knowledge, to provide information and teach about sexuality and relationships from a gender and lifecycle approach. The mission of the youth center is to work with sexuality and health and the prevention of unwanted pregnancies and STI’s. Aim: The aim was to describe midwives' experiences of contraceptive counseling at youth clinics. Method: Interviews were conducted with nine midwives in youth clinics. In time of the interview a questionnaire was used and semistructured questions were asked. Qualitative content analysis was used as analyze method. Results: Four categories and 15 subcategories were identified. The categories were as follows: Importance of experience and knowledge, the Clinical approach, Moderating factors and Challenges. Conclusion: Midwives feel they have good knowledge and experience of young people and contraceptive counseling at the youth clinic and has experience that it is a dynamic work that contributes to constant development. When they meet contraception seeking young people they wish to meet them at an individual level. The midwives had experiences in that there are moderating factors and challenges for the contraception counselling and compliance in contraceptive use, this means that contraceptive counselling for young people is complex. Clinical application: The result of the study could mean greater understanding for the work in youth clinics and create a basis for meeting the challenges that midwives face in their daily work.

Bakgrund: Sexuella övergrepp har ökat under de senaste åren och genererar i att de drabbade kvinnorna mår psykiskt dåligt. Det ligger på sjuksköterskans ansvar att omhänderta och vårda dessa patienter när de inkommer till sjukhuset och att erbjuda dem rätt hjälp en tid efter övergreppen. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa kvinnors upplevelser efter sexuella övergrepp. Metod: En induktiv ansats valdes där datamaterialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Data insamlades genom sju bloggar. Resultat: Ur analysen av datamaterialet framträdde tre kategorier; försämrad sexualitet, ett grovt svek samt ensam utan stöd med sju underkategorier. Konklusion: Denna studie har kommit fram till kunskap och en ökad förståelse för hur kvinnors upplevelser är efter sexuella övergrepp. Detta kan sjuksköterskor ha användning för i arbetet med att ge individuellt stöd till patienter och därmed medverka till ökat välmående. / Background: Sexual assault towards women has increased in the recent years, which lead to a poor mental health among these women. It is part of nurses´ responsibility to take care of these patients when they arrive at the hospital and also to offer them the possibility of talking to someone about the assault to start the healing of the soul. Aim: The aim was to illuminate womens´ experiences after sexual assault. Method: An inductive approach was used and the data material was analysed with qualitative content analysis. The data was collected from seven blogs. Result: Three categories emerged from the analysis; impaired sexuality, an abusive betrayal and being alone without support, with seven sub-categories. Conclusion: This study has contributed with knowledge and a increased understanding of what women experiences after sexual assault. This knowledge can be of use for nurses in their profession to be able to give the right support to their patients and to increase their wellbeing.