La Renaissance de la photographie entre la fin des années 1920 et le début des années 1930 en France était-elle liée au seul cercle des avants-gardes ? Les historiens de la photographie ont longtemps orienté leurs recherches sur le fait que les photographes de la Nouvelle Vision avaient sorti la photographie des errements du pictorialisme et lui avait rendu son autonomie vis-à-vis des arts graphiques, toutefois ils ont négligé une remarque formulée dès 1930 par Carlo Rim selon lequel « les images abstraites de Man Ray et de Tabard, qui annoncèrent une réaction heureuse […] ne fur[ent] qu’une vogue éphémère ». Si la Nouvelle Vision fut considérée comme un nouvel âge d’or, elle fut rapidement éclipsée en France par un retour « à l’image la plus nette du sujet le plus pauvre » généré par la redécouverte des photographes primitifs.C’est à cette part de l’histoire de la photographie que cette étude sur le photographe Emmanuel Sougez (1889-1972) est consacrée. Car si Sougez a été élevé au rang des maîtres de la photographie et célébré jusque dans les années 1950 comme le plus grand photographe français vivant, c’est pour avoir réintroduit l’usage de la chambre photographique de grand format et le tirage par contact. Ce faisant, cette étude fait apparaître une autre face de la Renaissance de la photographie en France à partir d’une figure oubliée, en évoquant le rôle crucial que Sougez a joué entre le Premier Salon indépendant de la photographie en 1928 et le dernier Salon national de la photographie en 1959. Aussi, en soulignant l’apport de ce photographe à l’histoire de son art, cette thèse révèle des aspects inédits de la photographie dans la première moitié du XXe siècle. / Is it possible for the renaissance in the field of photography that took place in France between the 1920’s and early 1930’s to be traced to a single group of avant-garde artists ? Photography historians have traditionally concentrated their research on the fact that the photographs of the New Vision released photography from the mistakes of pictorialism and gave it back its autonomy in terms of graphic arts. However, they neglected a remark made in 1930 by Carlo Rim: “the abstract images of Man Ray and Tabard, which foreshadow a joyful reaction, are nothing but an ephemeral fad.” Though the New Vision can be considered to be photography’s new golden age, in France it was rapidly eclipsed by a return “to the most in focus image of the poorest subject,” generated by the rediscovery of early photographs.It is to this era in the history of photography that this study of the photographer Emmanuel Sougez (1889-1972) is devoted. Sougez’s rise to the ranks of the masters of photography and his celebration until the 1950’s as one of the greatest living French photographers, is largely due to his reintroduction of the use of a large format view camera and contact prints. Thus, this study brings to light another facet of the renaissance of photography in France, within the context of a forgotten figure, by assessing the crucial role that Sougez played between the First Independent Salon of Photography in 1928 and the last National Salon of Photography in 1959. Furthermore, in emphasizing the photographer’s contribution to his art, this thesis reveals previously unseen aspects of photography in the first half of the 20th century.

In ihrem großen Werk Le Deuxième Sexe (1949) fragt Simone de Beauvoir, was eine Frau sei. Über diese Frage sind anscheinend nicht endende Debatten geführt worden, und eine Antwort, die auf einer rein biologischen Begründung beruht, ist längst nicht mehr ausreichend. Im Anschluss an diese Frage kann weiter gefragt werden, was das Weibliche sei. Über diesen Terminus sind in der Geschichte mindestens genauso viele Versuche unternommen worden. Der französische Philosoph Emmanuel Lévinas, Zeitgenosse Simone de Beauvoirs, ist mit seiner Ethik des Anderen in Frankreich und über die Grenzen hinaus bekannt geworden. In seiner Philosophie taucht der Begriff ‚des Weiblichen‘, später auch ‚die Frau‘ oder ‚Mutter‘ immer wieder auf. In nahezu all seinen größeren Werken sind diese Begriffe präsent. Die chronologische Aufarbeitung, die Analyse der Weiterentwicklung sowie die Deutung und Funktion beziehungsweise die Aufgabe des Weiblichen in den einzelnen Wer-ken und dem Gesamtwerk ist in der Forschungslandschaft bisher nicht erfolgt. Eine solch allumfassende Analyse kann ein Aufsatz nicht leisten. Daher ist es das Ziel, die Funktion und Interpretationsmöglichkeit des Weiblichen vorerst nur in einem Werk, Le Temps et l’autre, herauszuarbeiten.

[pt] O rosto do migrante nos fala, eloquentemente, a respeito da incrível desigualdade existente na sociedade humana e seus respectivos desdobramentos. Por outro lado, a maneira como notamos, percebemos e acolhemos esse rosto também fala, eloquentemente, a respeito de nós mesmos: o com que lidamos com a demanda, fragilidade e vulnerabilidade do órfão, da viúva e do forasteiro; daquele que está nu e faminto. Em outras palavras, pessoas pobres e desassistidas, caminhantes, migrantes, imigrantes, refugiados, expatriados, apátridas, requerentes de asilo, todos deslocadas à força. O exuberante e crescente fluxo migratório contemporâneo é formado por pessoas refugiadas da bestialidade das guerras e de governos despóticos, oriundas de territórios em conflito em busca de paz e segurança e, pelos assim chamados, imigrantes econômicos, que se refugiam em busca de melhores perspectivas de vida. Enquanto a disparidade de renda entre países pobres e ricos se mantiver como abissal e o processo de crescimento global se mantiver absolutamente desigual, o detonador migratório continuará fomentando os efeitos danosos do desequilíbrio da migração internacional com proporções épicas. Como consequência, a chegada de uma massa de imigrantes sem teto, privados de direitos humanos e não amparados adequadamente pela lei local, agudiza ainda mais os movimentos de caráter xenofóbico, racistas e nacionalistas. As incessantes ondas de novos imigrantes são percebidas com mal estar e temor provocando animosidade e hostilidade em relação à boa parte das comunidades e países que os recebem. O século XXI, marcado pelas novas eras da informação, da comunicação e da tecnologia; marcado pelos efeitos assimétricos de uma globalização perversa que promove o acesso não equitativo aos meios produtivos e financeiros; marcado pela formação e expansão de novos governos totalitários e pela configuração de uma nova ordem geopolítica multipolar; marcado pela persistência da pobreza e a perpetuação de desigualdades estruturais elementares, exarceba um fenômeno antigo, mas que se manifesta agora em proporções alarmantes: a crise dos refugiados e dos imigrantes pobres. Por tal razão utilizamos a perspectiva da filosofia de base ética do filósofo Emmanuel Lévinas. Suas categorias como rosto humano, visitação do rosto, rosto como revelação, rosto do estrangeiro, da viúva e do órfão como transcendência, cultura como rosto de outrem, perspectiva inter-humana, alteridade e próximo nos ajudam a lançar luz sobre a situação dos refugiados e imigrantes pobres da atualidade. De igual forma, também nos pareceu fundamental utilizar a perspectiva adotada por Papa Francisco durante todo o seu magistério. Desde o início de seu pontificado o Sumo Pontífice chamou a atenção para os novos desafios relativos ao drama dos refugiados e imigrantes da atualidade. Nos alertou de que a humanidade está em crise e que precisamos dar uma resposta efetiva às atuais mazelas humanas através de uma postura solidária e rejeitando as traiçoeiras tentações da separação e do individualismo. O Pontífice insiste na necessidade de se favorecer uma cultura do encontro que nos permita, de fato, cuidar e proteger o que Deus criou com dignidade, responsabilidade e amor fraterno. / [en] The migrant s face speaks eloquently about the incredible inequality that exists in human society and of its consequences. On the other hand, the way we notice, perceive and welcome this face also speaks eloquently about ourselves: the way we deal with the needs, the fragility and the vulnerability of the orphan, the widow and the outsider, of him who is naked and hungry. In other words, poor and underserved people, vagabonds, migrants, immigrants, refugees, expatriates, stateless persons, asylum seekers, all forcibly displaced. The already massive and still growing contemporary migratory flow consists of people who seek refuge from the bestiality of wars and despotic governments, coming from conflicted territories in search of peace and security, as well as by the so-called economic immigrants, who search for better lives. As long as the income disparity between rich and poor countries remains abysmal and the process of global growth stays absolutely uneven, the migration trigger will continue to fuel the harmful effects of imbalanced international migration in epic proportions. As consequence, the arrival of a mass of homeless immigrants, deprived of human rights and not adequately supported by local law, further exacerbates xenophobic, racist and nationalist movements. The incessant waves of new immigrants are thus perceived with unease and fear, provoking animosity and hostility towards a considerable part of the communities and countries that receive them. The 21st century, marked by new eras of information, communication and technology, marked by the asymmetric effects of a perverse globalization that promotes inequitable access to productive and financial means, marked by the formation and expansion of new totalitarian governments and the configuration of a new multipolar geopolitical order, marked by the persistence of poverty and the perpetuation of elementary structural inequalities exacerbates an old phenomenon, but which is now manifesting itself in alarming proportions: the crisis of refugees and poor immigrants. For this reason we use the perspective of the philosophy of ethical foundation of the philosopher Emmanuel Lévinas. Its categories as human face, visitation of the face, face as revelation, face of the foreigner, the widow and the orphan as transcendence, culture as the face of another, inter-human perspective, otherness and proximity help us shed light on the situation of refugees and poor immigrants today. Likewise, it also seemed fundamental to us to use the perspective adopted by Pope Francis throughout his teachings. Since the beginning of his pontificate, the Supreme Pontiff has drawn attention to the new challenges related to the drama of the refugees and immigrants of today. He warned us that humanity is experiencing a crisis and that we need to give an effective response to current human ills through a solidary posture and by rejecting the treacherous temptations of separation and individualism. The Pontiff insists on the need to promote a culture of the encounter that allows us, in fact, to care for and to protect what God created with dignity, responsibility and fraternal love.

Devant l’attention croissante portée au soin des personnes mourantes dans le réseau de la santé et devant la persistance du déni face à la mort, l’objectif général de cette thèse consiste à développer une philosophie du soin palliatif La méthode employée repose sur deux approches. La première vise à explorer le sujet à travers la littérature de la discipline infirmière qui contient un ensemble important de connaissances sur le soin de Y être humain. La seconde, qui représente le corps de cette thèse, s’appuie sur la pensée « existentielle ». Elle consiste en une théorisation du soin palliatif sur la base de concepts comme la mort, la personne et le soin. Ici, la nécessité de concevoir la personne non seulement en tant qu’être-pour-la-vie, mais aussi en tant qu’être-vers-la-mort est développée. Par la suite, sur la base des attributs et des composantes de tout être humain, la philosophie du soin palliatif est exposée en prenant essentiellement appui sur la pensée d’Emmanuel Lévinas. Ce philosophe soutient notamment qu’en raison du visage humain, « s’occuper de l’autre » (qui, selon l’étymologie, vient du terme « soigner », XIIe s.) constitue une responsabilité d’ordre moral incontournable, fondatrice de l’être : notre humanité exige d’être responsable de l’autre, de « s’occuper de » lui. Ensuite, Lévinas nous permet de préciser l’ontologie du soin palliatif en dégageant ses trois dimensions. La première dimension fait appel à la relation à l’autre. En effet, s’occuper de l’autre exige d’entrer en relation avec l’autre, une relation qui se dit de proximité et asymétrique. La seconde dimension est celle du sentiment d ’affection. Dans le cadre de toute relation soignante, il s’agit d’un sentiment qui doit se manifester sous le signe de la bonté et de la compassion. Enfin, la troisième dimension du soin, selon Lévinas, évoque la nécessité de « faire quelque chose » pour autrui, c’est-à-dire d'intervenir là où il convient de le faire. Dans le cas du soin de la personne mourante, il s’agit particulièrement de veiller au soulagement de ses souffrances.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Article I: Subject and the realisation of ethical responsibility. The Idea of the Infinite in Levinas' Totality and Infinity. In Totality and Infinity Emmanuel Levinas writes about the categorical character of the ethical responsibility that the subject owes to the other. The confrontation with the suffering other puts the subject's natural self interest into question, and brings him to realise an ethical responsibility of which he cannot unburden himself. The question arises as to what in the constitution of the subject makes him susceptible to the realisation of ethical responsibility. This article illustrates that in order to accentuate ethical responsibility as strongly as he does, Levinas needs to take a quasi-metaphysical step. The "trace of the infinite" that "creation" has left on the finite subject, predisposes the subject to the appeal of the other. Levinas' use of words such as "God", "the Good", "creation" and "the Idea of Infinity" does not have a theological or a mystical underpinning. These metaphysical concepts are philosophical figures of speech that Levinas borrows from Plato and Descartes. Article II: Levinas and the question of socio-ethical responsibility in South Africa. The philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas contains far-reaching consequences for social ethics. This article gives an account of its significance for the South African situation. The lines that are taken up with regard to the question of guilt for the injustice in the South African social reality, are of two kinds. Either one is held guilty because of committing a gross human rights violation, or one is held guilty because of profiting from the apartheid system at the cost of others. Both these approaches depart from a concern with the historical processes that brought the injustices about. Levinas, however, offers an alternative approach. While he will more or less go along with the previous two approaches, he points to an ethical imperative with which the actual social reality confronts us. One can be held responsible, simply because one has always already done too little for those who are destitute. The ethical subject's pre-original openness to the appeal of others, makes him susceptible to the realisation of ethical responsibility. This is explained in a concise exegesis of Levinas' s work. The article concludes by considering the question of whether philosophers ought to give an account of the good social order, and whether they ought to tell us how it is to be reached. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Artikel I: Subjek en etiese verantwoordelikheidsbesef. Die Idee van die Oneindige in Levinas se Totality and Infinity. In Totality and Infinity skryf Emmanuel Levinas oor die kategoriese aard van die verantwoordelikheid wat die subjek aan die ander verskuldig is. Die subjek se natuurlike eie-belang word ter diskussie gestel deur die konfrontasie met die misdeelde ander. Dit bring die subjek tot die besef van 'n verantwoordelikheid wat hy nie kan ontloop nie. Die vraag kan gevra word na wat in die konstitusie in die subjek, die subjek vatbaar maak vir die verantwoordelikheidsbesef. Hierdie artikel voer aan dat Levinas - ten einde etiese verantwoordelikheid so nadruklik te aksentueer - nodig het om 'n kwasi-metafisiese stap te neem. Die "spoor van die oneindige" wat die "skepping" op die eindige subjek nagelaat het, maak die subjek ontvanklik vir die aanspraak van die ander. Levinas se gebruik van woorde soos "God", "die Goeie", "skepping" en "die Idee van die Oneindige" het nie 'n teologiese of 'n mistiese onderbou nie. Hierdie metafisiese begrippe is filosofiese spraakfigure wat Levinas aan die werk van Plato en Descartes ontleen. Artikel II: Levinas en die vraag na sosiaal-etiese verantwoordelikheid in Suid-Afrika. Die denke van Emmanuel Levinas hou verreikende implikasies in vir sosiale etiek. Hierdie artikel gee rekenskap van die betekenis daarvan vir die Suid-Afrikaanse situasie. Twee lyne van argumentasie word normaalweg opgeneem met betrekking tot die vraag omtrent skuld vir die ongeregtigheid in die Suid-Afrikaanse sosiale werklikheid. 'n Mens word skuldig gehou of omdat mens 'n growwe menseregte skending begaan het, Of omdat 'n mens uit die apartheidsisteem gewen het ten koste van andere. Albei hierdie benaderings het as eerste oorweging die historiese prosesse wat die ongeregtighede teweeg gebring het. Levinas bied egter die moontlikheid van 'n altematiewe benadering. Terwyl hy meerendeels sal saamstem met genoemde twee benaderings, wys hy op 'n etiese imperatief waarmee die sosiale werklikheid self ons konfronteer. "n Mens kan verantwoordelik gehou word, bloot omdat 'n mens altyd alreeds te min gedoen het vir diegene wat misdeeld is. Die subjek het 'n voor-oorspronklike openheid vir die aanspraak van andere. Die maak die subjek ontvanklik vir die etiese verantwoordelikheidsbesef. Die artikel sluit af met 'n bespreking van die vraag of filosowe konkrete rekenskap van die goeie sosiale orde behoort te gee en moet aandui hoe dit bereik behoort te word.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:54:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 408410.pdf: 266243 bytes, checksum: dfe63b1bdb0f4b6cb75dabc4d2c4b118 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-19 / A inten??o do presente estudo ? apurar a potencial contribui??o da ?tica da alteridade de Emmanuel Levinas na qualifica??o da rela??o m?dico-paciente. Levinas prop?e uma ?tica fundamentada na n?o nega??o da alteridade, onde o Outro, que se apresenta de modo significativo, provoca um abalo na estrutura do Mesmo. Este questionamento do Mesmo demanda uma resposta que deve ser dada, n?o existindo possibilidade de escapar ? responsabilidade de responder ao comando do Outro. Quando o eu ? chamado inicia-se a instaura??o da justi?a, ou seja, surge o campo para a rela??o ?tica. Rela??o que inicia no di?logo inaugurado na apresenta??o do Outro, atrav?s do desvelamento do rosto. A import?ncia da ?tica como fundamento ? ressaltada na cr?tica ? id?ia de que a tecnologia afasta o m?dico do paciente e na den?ncia que o indiv?duo nunca foi o foco principal da medicina moderna. Por fim, ? sugerida a literatura como instrumento de aux?lio na ruptura da Totalidade do saber m?dico, assim como, o uso respons?vel da tecnologia sendo um caminho na constru??o da justi?a.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:55:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 453071.pdf: 1049026 bytes, checksum: c653f56f532c6c806c05ae4bd9bbde81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-25 / Responsibility is the term connection between the thought of Emmanuel Levinas and Viktor Frankl, by which is consistent moral consciousness as a possible encounter with another human. Freedom and responsibility before any deliberate or intentional subject, in which the respondent by human indigence of another Master who reports to break the monism of a strong bio psyche and sociology, whose predominant aspect is the person in charge of any condition. Consciousness previous intelligibility while Bad conscience that does not close in a circularity of Even, putting into crisis selfhood and meaning to be found and updated in meetings and confrontation with the social meanings . Encounters through the traces inscribed in face epiphenomenon of the other's presence and Absent, the "He" that is the otherness that recognizes the other in its absolute say. Pronounceable say the flow of time in sensitivity brought to disinterestedness and input Others meeting as anarchical and dissymmetry, causing the other the trauma of what would be the obvious. Meaning of life post as liability prior to any free initiative of the subject, which collects on the Other traces of the third, the "He" look like infinitive - face that speaks to me, I want the clutter in your selfhood, and exposes the human to justice before the others, absolutely another. Confrontation with the responsibility of nakedness and misery of Others, which calls for the unity of the one- respondent, taking him hostage in unconditional replacement source of appeal arising from (Illeit?) he-ity and calls for replacement, give support to the less is more, the infinite in ethical language. / Responsabilidade ? o termo de liga??o entre o pensamento de Viktor Frankl e Emmanuel Levinas, pelo qual se coaduna a consci?ncia moral como possibilidade de encontro com o outro humano. Consci?ncia anterior ? liberdade e a qualquer ato deliberado ou intencional do sujeito, em que o humano respondente pela indig?ncia do outro, Mestre que reporta ? quebra do monismo de um bio-psiquismo e sociologismo forte, cujo aspecto preponderante ? a pessoa como respons?vel sobre toda a circunst?ncia. Consci?ncia anterior ? inteligibilidade, enquanto M? consci?ncia em que n?o se fecha numa circularidade do Mesmo, pondo em crise a egoidade e o sentido para s?-la encontrado e atualizado nos encontros e confronto com os sentidos sociais. Encontros por meio dos tra?os inscritos no rosto, epifen?meno da presen?a do outro e do Ausente, do Ele que ? a alteridade que reconhece o outro em seu absoluto Dizer. Dizer pronunci?vel no fluxo do tempo de uma sensibilidade levada para o desinteresse e na entrada do Outrem como encontro an?rquico e pela dissimetria, provocando no outro o trauma daquilo que seria a obviedade. Sentido da vida posto como responsabilidade anterior a qualquer iniciativa livre do sujeito, que diante do Outro recolhe os vest?gios do terceiro, do Ele como infini??o do olhar-rosto que fala ao eu, Desejo que o desordena em sua egoidade, e exp?e o humano para justi?a diante do outrem, absolutamente outro. Confronto com a responsabilidade diante da nudez e mis?ria de Outrem, que clama pela unicidade do um-respondente, tomando-o como ref?m na incondicional substitui??o nascente do apelo que surge da eleidade e conclama para a substitui??o, dar suporte ao que ? mais no menos, do infinito na linguagem ?tica.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:55:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 396312.pdf: 1497848 bytes, checksum: 4577c9f2673476ed6b18dc00543ab1a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-06 / Numa leitura itinerante do pensamento de Emmanuel Levinas, que refaz e articula seus principais momentos, intentamos aprofundar o sentido ?tico da subjetividade enquanto responsabilidade pelo Outro ou um-para-o-Outro, mostrando que o humano se abre com a possibilidade extraordin?ria de que a alteridade do Outro venha a contar para o sujeito antes que a sua pr?pria identidade para si mesmo. O ponto agudo deste projeto ? sustentar que o sentido ?tico da subjetividade n?o emerge de modo suficiente sem uma exaustiva refer?ncia ? sua dimens?o sens?vel e encarnada. Esta articula??o nodal entre ?tica e encarna??o, ou responsabilidade e sensibilidade, torna-se patente ? medida em que se descreve o arco de constitui??o da subjetividade, quer como ser para-si, no gozo sens?vel e na apropria??o econ?mica das coisas do mundo, quer como um-para-o-Outro, na suscetibilidade a ser afetado pela alteridade de outrem e responder por ela com o dom dos pr?prios recursos ou, em ?ltima inst?ncia, com o dom de si mesmo, uma vez que o sujeito primariamente se constitui a partir do que ele frui e tem. Esta afetabilidade responsiva inscrita na sensibilidade humana, que a torna n?o-indiferente ? diferen?a do Outro antes de seu pr?prio poder de decis?o, ? descrita por Levinas com o termo vulnerabilidade e encontra na maternidade o seu analogon por excel?ncia.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Roberto da Silveira.pdf: 1462937 bytes, checksum: 08c9cd7daac45a59fd7e8709c5de662b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The personalism of Emmanuel Mounier (1905-1950) came up during a historical situation permeated by great disorder. Within the context of mankind in crisis, Mounier always promoted the person. He defended the recovery of inalienable human rights, and paved the way for the ethical universe of the person in his time and place. He proposed an awakening, a bloom of the true human existence made of immanence and transcendence. Thus awakened, the person, being-in-the-world and with-the-world, takes hold of his humanity, refuses passivity and conformism when faced with alienating threats of any nature. His philosophy, which unites reflection and action, reached the other shores of the Atlantic and had an improving repercussion in Brazil from the fifity s. Times of great intellectual, cultural, philosophical, political, and social production were lived as never before in the history of Brazil. Everything was interrupted by the Military Coup of 1964: came to an end the spring of the times for liberty, education and a culture centralized in the dignity of the human person. Not following the logic of the seasons, it was starting a long time of somber winter. A time that can be never forgotten, even though nowadays everything is being done to reject this shamefull past. Anyway, even under the iron fist of the totalitarian order (established disorder), the personalism in Brazil during the 1970 s managed to maintain the spark lighted through a starting trench of thinking, specifically more philosophical. Time going, attending to nowadays time, it is noticed that new incidents against human dignity do occur daily. It is not an odd thing to think that, referring at the beginning of the 21st century to the view uphold by Mounier, one comes to rediscover that the idea of the person can contribute much to our time. Mounier s thought about the person can provide help for a personal awakening that enclose each other, promoting a responsibility ethics , and bringing with it, in the structures of its personal universe, something new, so much needed by a community (commonunity), that urgently must be understood as planetary / O personalismo de Emmanuel Mounier (1905-1950) surgiu diante de uma condição histórica permeada por grandes desordens. Dentro do contexto de humanidade em crise, Mounier promoveu sempre a pessoa. Defendeu uma retomada dos inalienáveis direitos humanos, abriu vias para o universo ético da pessoa em seu tempo e lugar. Propôs um despertar, um desabrochar de existência verdadeiramente humana feita de imanência e transcendência. Assim desperta, a pessoa, ser-no-mundo e com-o-mundo, assume a humanidade, recusa a passividade e o conformismo diante das ameaças alienantes de qualquer natureza. Elegendo-se, compromete-se numa luta permanente para humanizar a humanidade. Sua filosofia, que une reflexão e ação, chegou às outras margens do Atlântico e teve progressivamente repercussão no Brasil a partir da década de 50. Momentos de grande produção intelectual, cultural, filosófica, política e social foram vividos como jamais visto na História do Brasil. Tudo foi interrompido pelo Golpe Militar de 1964: chegava ao fim a primavera dos tempos de libertação, de educação e de cultura centrada na dignidade da pessoa humana. Ao furtar a lógica das estações, iniciava-se um longo período de inverno sombrio. Período que jamais pode ser esquecido, embora atualmente, tudo se faça para rejeitar este passado vergonhoso. Ainda que sob o punho de ferro da ordem totalitária (desordem estabelecida), o personalismo no Brasil na década de 70 conseguiu manter a centelha acessa, através de uma incoativa trincheira de um pensar mais especificamente filosófico. Com o passar do tempo, ao sintonizar os dias atuais, nota-se que novos episódios contra a dignidade humana ocorrem diariamente. Não é estranho pensar que, aludindo no início do século XXI ao enfoque defendido por Mounier, venha-se a redescobrir que a idéia de pessoa pode contribuir muito para o nosso tempo. O pensamento de Mounier sobre a pessoa pode fornecer subsídios para um despertar pessoal que abarque os outros, promova uma ética de responsabilidade e traga consigo, nas estruturas de seu universo pessoal, a novidade, tão necessária a uma comunidade (comum-unidade) que precisa urgentemente entender-se como planetária