Trazar políticas públicas en la educación financiera es imprescindible para fomentar la inclusión de los ciudadanos hacía el acceso, uso y la calidad de los productos y/o servicios financieros puestos a su disposición, sin importar su ubicación geográfica, condición social o económica, ni mucho menos su género. Estudios revelan que la mayoría de adultos sin bancarización son mujeres, teniendo en cuenta que las desigualdades de género en el ámbito financiero responden a inequidades que tienen origen en otros contextos como el político, social, familiar o laboral. Así, la brecha creada debido al género adiciona obstáculos a las mujeres que dificultan su acceso y uso de productos y/o servicios en el mercado financiero. Aunque el desarrollo de la mujer emprendedora conlleva importantes contribuciones en el empoderamiento de las niñas y mujeres, a partir de su talento y liderazgo, la promoción de empleo en favor del desarrollo económico, la participación política y la reducción de desigualdades sociales en el país; el Estado peruano no ha desplegado acciones ni programas específicos para fortalecer la educación financiera de este sector, por lo que su investigación, análisis y fomento tiene importancia en el interés público de inclusión, así como en el crecimiento económico sólido del país, generando bienestar social. De acuerdo a las cifras obtenidas y a la encuesta realizada, las mujeres emprendedoras de Lima Metropolitana tienen alta frecuencia de uso de medios de pago digitales a propósito de sus negocios, posicionándose en canales idóneos y cercanos a ellas para propiciar la educación financiera que incremente sus conocimientos y capacidades en la materia. En tal sentido, corresponde al Estado, promoviendo la participación del sector privado, trabajar estrategias basadas en herramientas idóneas como las mencionadas para eliminar los factores de baja transparencia y la inexistente o muy compleja información que rige a los productos, en aras de atender correctamente sus necesidades y, por tanto, impulsar la confianza del usuario respecto del sistema financiero, pilar de su toma de decisiones. / Drawing up public policies in financial education is essential to promote the inclusion of citizens towards access, use and the quality of financial products and / or services made available to them, regardless of their geographical location, social or economic condition, not much minus your gender. Studies reveal that the majority of unbanked adults are women, taking into account that gender inequalities in the financial sphere respond to inequities that originate in other contexts such as political, social, family or work. Thus, the gap created due to gender adds obstacles to women that hinder their access and use of products and / or services in the financial market. Although the development of women entrepreneurs entails important contributions in the empowerment of girls and women, based on their talent and leadership, the promotion of employment in favor of economic development, political participation and the reduction of social inequalities in the country; The Peruvian State has not deployed specific actions or programs to strengthen financial education in this sector, so its research, analysis and promotion is important in the public interest of inclusion, as well as in the solid economic growth of the country, generating social well-being. According to the figures obtained and the survey carried out, women entrepreneurs in Metropolitan Lima have a high frequency of use of digital means of payment regarding their businesses, positioning themselves in suitable channels and close to them to promote financial education that increases their knowledge and capabilities in the field. In this sense, it is the responsibility of the State, promoting the participation of the private sector, to work on strategies based on suitable tools such as those mentioned to eliminate the factors of low transparency and the non-existent or very complex information that governs the products, in order to correctly attend to their needs and, therefore, boost user confidence in the financial system, a pillar of their decision-making. / Tesis

No description available.

[pt] Diante do cenário de agravamento de crises devido à pandemia da COVID- 19, essa pesquisa buscou compreender como, em um contexto brasileiro de pandemia, a educação empreendedora busca construir um conhecimento reflexivo e propositivo acerca do papel do empreendedor na sociedade, e de que forma uma educação crítica pode contribuir com esse processo. O estudo qualitativo analisou os dados recolhidos em um processo de observação participante do pesquisador em uma disciplina de empreendedorismo de uma universidade de grande reconhecimento na temática, os documentos relacionados à referida disciplina e depoimentos de docentes e estudantes, concedidos por meio de entrevistas. A partir de uma abordagem temática, a análise foi estruturada sob a perspectiva de dois grandes temas e seus subtemas: (1) Ser empreendedor; (1.1) Perfil Empreendedor, (1.2) Educação Empreendedora, (1.3) Eu Produto, (1.4) Indivíduo padronizado; e (2) Ser um empreendedor agente de mudança; (2.1) Visão Coletiva versus Visão Individualista, (2.2) Mudança positiva versus mudança negativa, (2.3) Empreendedorismo social. Dessa forma, a pesquisa evidencia uma contribuição pouco efetiva para a formação de indivíduos críticos e com potencial de transformação social. Portanto, o estudo sugere, a partir de um alicerce consistente da pedagogia crítica de Paulo Freire, entre o empreendedorismo social, de impacto e o ensino do empreendedorismo, uma reavaliação deste último enquanto instrumento político, democrático e de liberdade, que trabalhe a serviço da visão coletiva, desenvolvendo sujeitos capazes de interagir com as demandas reais e atuar de forma propositiva, promovendo mudanças positivas frente aos problemas socioambientais que fazem parte das realidades brasileiras. / [en] In light of the aggravation of crises due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this research sought to understand how, in a brazilian pandemic context, entrepreneurial education tries to build a reflexive and propositive knowledge about the role of the entrepreneur in the society and how a critical education can contribute with this process. The qualitative study analyzed the data in a participant observation process of the researcher in an entrepreneurship class of a well recognized university in this topic. The documents related to that discipline and testimonies were obtained through interviews with professors and students. From a thematic approach, the analysis was structured under the perspective of two major themes and their sub-themes: (1) Being an entrepreneur; (1.1) Entrepreneurial Profile, (1.2) Entrepreneurial Education, (1.3) Me as a Product, (1.4) Standardized individual; and (2) Be a change agent entrepreneur; (2.1) Collective Vision versus Individualistic Vision, (2.2) Positive change versus negative change, (2.3) Social entrepreneurship. Thus, the research shows an ineffective contribution to the formation of critical individuals with potential for social transformation. Therefore, the study suggests, based on a consistent foundation of Paulo Freire s critical pedagogy, between social, impact entrepreneurship and the teaching of entrepreneurship, a reassessment of the latter as a political, democratic and freedom instrument that works at the service of collective vision, developing subjects capable of interacting with real demands and acting purposefully, promoting positive changes in the face of socioenvironmental problems that are part of Brazilian realities.

[pt] A transição energética se põe como um dos grandes desafios de nosso tempo. Até 2050 são previstos mais de 13 trilhões de dólares de investimentos só em energia elétrica, sendo 77 por cento em fontes renováveis. Nesse contexto o paradigma das inovações abertas deve exercer um papel fundamental, reduzindo os custos das tecnologias atuais, criando novos mercados e remodelando os existentes através da interação dos cinco principais atores desse processo: universidades, corporações, governos, empreendedores e capitalistas de risco. No nosso primeiro artigo, mostramos a importância da interação desses três primeiros atores ao redor de políticas públicas orientadas às missões. Construímos um framework capaz de endereçar as melhores práticas desse tipo de política quando estas são aplicadas à transição energética. No segundo, buscamos identificar os padrões que levaram startups de energia ao sucesso ou ao fracasso o longo dos últimos 20 anos. Descobrimos que os modelos de negócio, os valores investidos e o perfil dos investidores exerceram um papel fundamental nestas trajetórias. Por fim, dada a relevância da relação entre startups e corporações na transição energética, analisamos no terceiro artigo o papel do corporate venture capital (CVC) ao longo dos últimos 25 anos e identificamos a existência de uma quinta onda de CVC, que possui notáveis particularidades e que leva as unidades de CVC ao centro estratégico de inovação das corporações modernas. De modo geral concluímos que todos os cinco principais atores possuem papeis distintos, mas fundamentais, na transição energética. / [en] The energy transition is one of the most significant challenges of our time. By 2050, more than 13 trillion of dollars of investments are expected in the electricity sector, with 77 percent from renewable sources. In this context, the open innovation paradigm should play a key role in reducing the costs of current technologies, creating new markets and reshaping the existing ones through the interaction of the five main stakeholders in this process: universities, corporations, governments, entrepreneurs and venture capitalists. In the first article, we show the importance of the interaction of the first three actors around mission-oriented public policies. We build a framework that can address the best practices of this type of policy when applied to the energy transition context. In the second, we seek to identify the patterns that have led energy startups to success or failure over the past 20 years. We find that business models, invested values, and investor profiles play a key role in these trajectories. Finally, considering the relevance of the relationship between startups and corporations during the energy transition, we analyzed in the third article the role of corporate venture capital (CVC) over the last 25 years and we recognize the fifth wave of CVC, which has many particularities and drives the CVC units to the innovation s strategic center of modern corporations. Overall, we conclude that all these main five stakeholders have a distinct but fundamental role in the energy transition.

[pt] Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender as dinâmicas da liderança compartilhada no contexto do intraempreendedorismo, em particular suas conexões com a efetividade de grupos na realização de projetos inovadores. O estudo examina essas dinâmicas dentro de uma organização que possui estrutura organizacional tradicional e hierárquica do setor bancário estatal, analisando o caso do ideiaLab/BNDES, estratégia adotada pela empresa para fomentar a inovação através do engajamento do corpo funcional. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, se baseou em dados documentais fornecidos pela instituição e na coleta dados através de entrevistas conduzidas com participantes de 10 grupos de trabalho envolvidos no ideiaLab, totalizando 16 entrevistas. Os dados foram analisados através da aplicação do protocolo da Teoria Fundamentada (Ground Theory). Como resultado, a pesquisa apresenta um modelo explicativo para as dinâmicas de liderança no intraempreendedorismo voluntário com base no caso do ideiaLab, com destaque para a natureza da motivação empreendedora inicial, a formação dos grupos, a assimetria das competências dos membros e seu impacto nas dinâmicas de compartilhamento de liderança. Os achados destacam também o papel da expansão dos limites de influência (boundary spaming) no intraempreendedorismo, fator que parece favorecer a efetividade das equipes no alcance de resultados. / [en] This study aims to understand the dynamics of shared leadership in the context of intrapreneurship, in particular its connections with the effectiveness of groups in carrying out innovative projects. The study examines these dynamics within an organization that has a traditional and hierarchical organizational structure in the state banking sector, analyzing the case of ideiaLab/BNDES, a strategy adopted by the company to foster innovation through employee engagement. The research, of a qualitative nature, was based on documentary data provided by the institution and on data collection through interviews conducted with participants from 10 work groups involved in ideiaLab, totaling 16 interviews. The data were analyzed by applying the Ground Theory protocol. As a result, the research presents an explanatory model for the dynamics of leadership in voluntary intrapreneurship based on the case of ideiaLab, highlighting the nature of the initial entrepreneurial motivation, the formation of groups, the asymmetry of the competences of the members and their impact on the dynamics of leadership sharing. The findings also highlight the role of expanding the limits of influence (boundary spaming) in intrapreneurship, a factor that seems to favor the effectiveness of teams in achieving results.

The high unemployment rate, especially amongst schoolleavers could be counterbalanced by raising awareness of entrepreneurship as a career option. This investigation explores the relationship of entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurship and who the entrepreneur is, as is presented in the literature. The focus has shifted from testing for personality traits to identifying entrepreneurial attitude, attributes, behaviour and activities. A questionnaire, the GET (General Enterprising Tendencies test) was used to determine the levels of entrepreneurial attitude amongst a group of grade ll learners in three South African secondary schools, with the aim of raising awareness of their personal levels of entrepreneurial attitude and making them aware of entrepreneurship as a career option. It was found that inter alia, a culture of entrepreneurship is not prevalent amongst learners and prospective school leavers in South Africa. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counseling)

[pt] Em 2003, o Congresso Nacional aprovou uma lei regulamentando o crédito consignado, o que causou um grande impacto no crédito a pessoas físicas. No capítulo 1, forneço evidências que o crédito consignado teve um efeito pequeno, mas não desprezível, nas escolhas ocupacionais. Em particular, eu encontro evidências que o crédito consignado está associado positivamente com escolhas ocupacionais com características de empreendedorismo. Esse efeito é mais forte em indivíduos que estão numa faixa etária onde dificilmente será um aposentado e residem em famílias com aposentados e pensionistas, o que sugere a existência de mecanismos de transferência intra-familiares. No Capítulo 2, eu apresento evidências de que o crédito consignado tem um efeito pequeno, mas não desprezível, nos indicadores de saúde dos idosos. Em particular, o crédito consignado está: 1) negativamente associado com as taxas de mortalidade nas faixas etárias de 60 a 69 anos e 70 a 79 anos. 2) negativamente associado com indices de dificuldades físicas. Esse efeito é maior em famílias com menor renda. 3) positivamente associado com um número de consultas médicas por ano. Usando uma abordagem diff-diff, encontro evidência de que um possível mecanismo é um aumento de gastos com saúde nas famílias com maior proporção de ganhos oriundos de aposentadorias nas suas rendas. / [en] In 2003, the Brazilian Congress passed a law regulating payroll lending, which had a large impact on consumer lending (Coelho et al [2011]). In Chapter 1, I present evidence that that payroll lending had a small but non-negligible impact on occupational choice. In particular I find that payroll lending is positively associated with more entrepreneurial-like occupations. The effect is stronger for individuals in age ranges unlikely to have retirees in families with retirees or pensioners, suggesting that intra-family transfer mechanisms are operative. In Chapter 2, I present evidence that that payroll lending had a small but non-negligible impact on health outcome for elderly citizens. In particular, we find that Payroll Lending: 1) is negatively associated with death rates on age ranges of 60-69 and 70-79 years old; 2) is associated with less physical disabilities. The effect is stronger for individuals in families with lower incomes; 3) is associated with more medical consultations per year. Using a diff-diff approach, I also find evidence that one possible mechanism is more health care spending in families with more proportion of retirement benefits in their income.

The high unemployment rate, especially amongst schoolleavers could be counterbalanced by raising awareness of entrepreneurship as a career option. This investigation explores the relationship of entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurship and who the entrepreneur is, as is presented in the literature. The focus has shifted from testing for personality traits to identifying entrepreneurial attitude, attributes, behaviour and activities. A questionnaire, the GET (General Enterprising Tendencies test) was used to determine the levels of entrepreneurial attitude amongst a group of grade ll learners in three South African secondary schools, with the aim of raising awareness of their personal levels of entrepreneurial attitude and making them aware of entrepreneurship as a career option. It was found that inter alia, a culture of entrepreneurship is not prevalent amongst learners and prospective school leavers in South Africa. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counseling)

Orientador: Valeriano Mendes Ferreira Costa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T23:42:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Seraine_AnaBeatrizMartinsdosSantos_D.pdf: 6208135 bytes, checksum: 6e341e05fbc704d001e8e4da0a734545 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Ao considerar a realidade de pauperização, somada ao aumento do desemprego e ao movimento de desassalariamento, impõe-se ao Estado brasileiro o desafio de promover a inclusão social e, conseqüentemente, reduzir a pobreza. Nesta conjuntura, observa-se a tentativa de o governo federal enfrentar tal realidade socioeconômica quando, a partir da década de 1990, adota como estratégia institucional a Ideologia do Empreendedorismo e, na intenção de dinamizar determinados setores produtivos da economia, com o intuito de minimizar a pobreza, passa a incentivar a criação dos micros e pequenos negócios, estimulando o trabalho por conta própria. Exemplifica essa tentativa o propósito de o governo federal transformar o artesão em empreendedor. O presente trabalho de pesquisa situa-se no campo das Políticas Públicas, destacando aquela destinada ao fomento da produção artesanal - Programa do Artesanato Brasileiro (PAB) - criado em 1991. Face ao exposto, pretende-se analisar o PAB, a partir de sua concepção, institucionalidade e implementação, segundo a contribuição teórica de Bo Rothstein. Toma-se como evidência empírica da execução do PAB, no Piauí, o segmento artesanal ceramista, desenvolvido no Bairro Poty Velho, localizado na zona Norte de Teresina, capital do Estado. / Abstract: Taking into account the reality of impoverishment and social exclusion, together with the increasing of unemployment and with the diminishing of wage earning, it is imposed to the Brazilian State the challenge to promote the social inclusion and, consequently, reduce poverty. It is in this scenario that it is observed the attempt by the Federal Government to face such a socioeconomic reality when, from the Nineties, it adopts the ideology of Enterprising as institutional strategy. Aiming for making certain productive sectors more dynamic, and so minimize poverty, they begin to encourage the opening of micro and small businesses, stimulating autonomous (self governing) work. An example of this attempt is the intention of the Federal Government, in the Nineties, of transforming the artisans into businessmen. The present research work deals with public policies, mainly that one aimed for stimulating craftsmanship production - "Brazilian Craftsmanship Program" (Programa do Artesanato Brasileiro (PAB) established in 1991. What is made in the present work is the analysis of such program from its conception, institutionality and implementation according to the theoretical contribution of Rothstein. It is taken as empirical evidence the execution of PAB in Piauí, the ceramic craftsmanship activity developed in Poty Velho district in the North Zone of Teresina, the capital of the State. / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

Scope of work was technical-commercial analyze with the aim of finding out if the foundation of a specialized subsidiary company by maintenance department outsourcing would have a real and economical justness. The specialized subsidiary would receive right and know-how of patented modern technology the DS Jet mixers designated for crude oil tank mixing and cleaning. Outcome of the thesis is found break-even point when applies the plan in terms of organizational-economical matters and which action would be necessary taken. Theoretical part of work explains specific of enterprise in new sphere of business, new technologies and services trends in Europe. There are discussed typical Europe crude oil market issues, explained principals of market and product analyze, internal process optimization methods and outsourcing in this part. Financial and break-even point analyzes is defined. Practical and analytical part includes the DS Jet Mixers technology description, implementation of the system in the MERO ČR, a. s. and the technology SWOT analyzes inclusive of competition benchmark. With market research had been checked EU market opportunities and marked attractive markets. The way of subsidiary foundation is proposed. The Integral part of the analytical part creates intended the break-even point. In the summary is comprehensive analyzes outcomes and recommended solution in current statute. Furthermore is advised marginal number of orders since when outsource the activities with the DS Jet mixers into subsidiary company.