Esta tese propõe-se a analisar os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Língua Portuguesa do terceiro e quarto ciclos (PCNs/LP), no quadro teórico da Linguística da Enunciação. Com este fim, busca, primeiramente, discorrer acerca da propositura, elaboração e divulgação do documento. Esse mapeamento analisa como a conjuntura educacional brasileira contribuiu para a elaboração do documento oficial. Na sequência, apoiado na leitura de alguns textos dos Problemas de Linguística Geral I (1995) e II (1989), que formam os textos basilares para o entendimento da teoria da enunciação de Benveniste, faz-se o resgate das noções que envolvem os estudos enunciativos e analisa como essas noções podem contribuir para a realização do quadro figurativo da enunciação e, assim, delinear uma metodologia que oriente uma análise enunciativa da leitura do texto oficial. A partir do enfoque teórico adotado e da interlocução com outros leitores de Benveniste, questiona quem são os interlocutores dos PCNs/LPdo terceiro e quarto ciclos. São elencadas duas possibilidades de análise: a) o professor de língua materna, para poder fazer uma leitura adequada do texto dos PCNs/LP deve considerar que há uma relação interlocutiva suposta; b) a Teoria da Enunciação de base benvenistiana dispõe de aparato teórico-metodológico que permite reconhecer as marcas no texto que põem em evidência essa relação. A tese, enfim, mostra que há dissimetria entre o texto dos PCNs/LP e seu alocutário, porque o professor da educação básica, interlocutor “real” do texto, não se identifica com o alocutário do texto, pois não entende a concepção teórica que o sustenta e, consequentemente, não constrói a referência. É na lacuna do leitor, pela dificuldade em ler textos teóricos ou pelo despreparo teórico, que identificamos uma lacuna conceitual, fato que dificulta o entendimento do texto. Então, o ponto de vista enunciativo pode ser visto como um caminho para repensar sobre o ensino da língua materna, com o objetivo de aproximar texto e leitor. / This Ph.D. dissertation aims at examining the National Curricular Parameters of Portuguese Language for the third and fourth learning cycles (henceforth PCNs/LP), in the theoretical framework of Linguistics of Enunciation. On this purpose, it seeks firstly, to discuss about the filling, preparation and disclosure of the document. This initial mapping analyzes how the Brazilian educational environment has contributed to the development of the official document. Mainly supported by the texts gathered and published as Problems of General Linguistics I (1995) and II (1989), which form the basis for understanding Benveniste‟s Theory of Enunciation, one retrieves the notions involving enunciative studies and analyzes how these notions can contribute to accomplish the figurative context of utterance, thus outlining a methodology that guides an enunciative analysis of the referred official text. From the theoretical approach adopted and the dialogue with other Benveniste‟s readers, it investigates who are the interlocutors of the PCNs / LP. Two possibilities for analysis are listed: a) the L1 teacher, in order to make a proper reading of the PCN/ LP texts should consider that there is aninterlocutive alleged relationship; b) the Theory of Enunciation of benvenistian basis offers a theoretical and methodological apparatus that allows one to recognize the marks in the text that highlights this relationship. Thus, this dissertation shows that there is asymmetry between the PCN / LP and its interlocutor, due to the primary education teacher, "real" party of the text does not identify with the interlocutor of the text, because they do not understand the theoretical concepts that sustain and, thus, build the references in the document. It is in the gap of the reader, by the difficulty in reading theoretical texts or by theoretical unpreparedness, that we identify this conceptual gap. This factor interferes with the text understanding. Hence, the enunciative point of view can be seen as a way to rethink L1 teaching, thus approximating text and reader.

Esta tese propõe-se a analisar os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Língua Portuguesa do terceiro e quarto ciclos (PCNs/LP), no quadro teórico da Linguística da Enunciação. Com este fim, busca, primeiramente, discorrer acerca da propositura, elaboração e divulgação do documento. Esse mapeamento analisa como a conjuntura educacional brasileira contribuiu para a elaboração do documento oficial. Na sequência, apoiado na leitura de alguns textos dos Problemas de Linguística Geral I (1995) e II (1989), que formam os textos basilares para o entendimento da teoria da enunciação de Benveniste, faz-se o resgate das noções que envolvem os estudos enunciativos e analisa como essas noções podem contribuir para a realização do quadro figurativo da enunciação e, assim, delinear uma metodologia que oriente uma análise enunciativa da leitura do texto oficial. A partir do enfoque teórico adotado e da interlocução com outros leitores de Benveniste, questiona quem são os interlocutores dos PCNs/LPdo terceiro e quarto ciclos. São elencadas duas possibilidades de análise: a) o professor de língua materna, para poder fazer uma leitura adequada do texto dos PCNs/LP deve considerar que há uma relação interlocutiva suposta; b) a Teoria da Enunciação de base benvenistiana dispõe de aparato teórico-metodológico que permite reconhecer as marcas no texto que põem em evidência essa relação. A tese, enfim, mostra que há dissimetria entre o texto dos PCNs/LP e seu alocutário, porque o professor da educação básica, interlocutor “real” do texto, não se identifica com o alocutário do texto, pois não entende a concepção teórica que o sustenta e, consequentemente, não constrói a referência. É na lacuna do leitor, pela dificuldade em ler textos teóricos ou pelo despreparo teórico, que identificamos uma lacuna conceitual, fato que dificulta o entendimento do texto. Então, o ponto de vista enunciativo pode ser visto como um caminho para repensar sobre o ensino da língua materna, com o objetivo de aproximar texto e leitor. / This Ph.D. dissertation aims at examining the National Curricular Parameters of Portuguese Language for the third and fourth learning cycles (henceforth PCNs/LP), in the theoretical framework of Linguistics of Enunciation. On this purpose, it seeks firstly, to discuss about the filling, preparation and disclosure of the document. This initial mapping analyzes how the Brazilian educational environment has contributed to the development of the official document. Mainly supported by the texts gathered and published as Problems of General Linguistics I (1995) and II (1989), which form the basis for understanding Benveniste‟s Theory of Enunciation, one retrieves the notions involving enunciative studies and analyzes how these notions can contribute to accomplish the figurative context of utterance, thus outlining a methodology that guides an enunciative analysis of the referred official text. From the theoretical approach adopted and the dialogue with other Benveniste‟s readers, it investigates who are the interlocutors of the PCNs / LP. Two possibilities for analysis are listed: a) the L1 teacher, in order to make a proper reading of the PCN/ LP texts should consider that there is aninterlocutive alleged relationship; b) the Theory of Enunciation of benvenistian basis offers a theoretical and methodological apparatus that allows one to recognize the marks in the text that highlights this relationship. Thus, this dissertation shows that there is asymmetry between the PCN / LP and its interlocutor, due to the primary education teacher, "real" party of the text does not identify with the interlocutor of the text, because they do not understand the theoretical concepts that sustain and, thus, build the references in the document. It is in the gap of the reader, by the difficulty in reading theoretical texts or by theoretical unpreparedness, that we identify this conceptual gap. This factor interferes with the text understanding. Hence, the enunciative point of view can be seen as a way to rethink L1 teaching, thus approximating text and reader.

Esta tese propõe-se a analisar os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Língua Portuguesa do terceiro e quarto ciclos (PCNs/LP), no quadro teórico da Linguística da Enunciação. Com este fim, busca, primeiramente, discorrer acerca da propositura, elaboração e divulgação do documento. Esse mapeamento analisa como a conjuntura educacional brasileira contribuiu para a elaboração do documento oficial. Na sequência, apoiado na leitura de alguns textos dos Problemas de Linguística Geral I (1995) e II (1989), que formam os textos basilares para o entendimento da teoria da enunciação de Benveniste, faz-se o resgate das noções que envolvem os estudos enunciativos e analisa como essas noções podem contribuir para a realização do quadro figurativo da enunciação e, assim, delinear uma metodologia que oriente uma análise enunciativa da leitura do texto oficial. A partir do enfoque teórico adotado e da interlocução com outros leitores de Benveniste, questiona quem são os interlocutores dos PCNs/LPdo terceiro e quarto ciclos. São elencadas duas possibilidades de análise: a) o professor de língua materna, para poder fazer uma leitura adequada do texto dos PCNs/LP deve considerar que há uma relação interlocutiva suposta; b) a Teoria da Enunciação de base benvenistiana dispõe de aparato teórico-metodológico que permite reconhecer as marcas no texto que põem em evidência essa relação. A tese, enfim, mostra que há dissimetria entre o texto dos PCNs/LP e seu alocutário, porque o professor da educação básica, interlocutor “real” do texto, não se identifica com o alocutário do texto, pois não entende a concepção teórica que o sustenta e, consequentemente, não constrói a referência. É na lacuna do leitor, pela dificuldade em ler textos teóricos ou pelo despreparo teórico, que identificamos uma lacuna conceitual, fato que dificulta o entendimento do texto. Então, o ponto de vista enunciativo pode ser visto como um caminho para repensar sobre o ensino da língua materna, com o objetivo de aproximar texto e leitor. / This Ph.D. dissertation aims at examining the National Curricular Parameters of Portuguese Language for the third and fourth learning cycles (henceforth PCNs/LP), in the theoretical framework of Linguistics of Enunciation. On this purpose, it seeks firstly, to discuss about the filling, preparation and disclosure of the document. This initial mapping analyzes how the Brazilian educational environment has contributed to the development of the official document. Mainly supported by the texts gathered and published as Problems of General Linguistics I (1995) and II (1989), which form the basis for understanding Benveniste‟s Theory of Enunciation, one retrieves the notions involving enunciative studies and analyzes how these notions can contribute to accomplish the figurative context of utterance, thus outlining a methodology that guides an enunciative analysis of the referred official text. From the theoretical approach adopted and the dialogue with other Benveniste‟s readers, it investigates who are the interlocutors of the PCNs / LP. Two possibilities for analysis are listed: a) the L1 teacher, in order to make a proper reading of the PCN/ LP texts should consider that there is aninterlocutive alleged relationship; b) the Theory of Enunciation of benvenistian basis offers a theoretical and methodological apparatus that allows one to recognize the marks in the text that highlights this relationship. Thus, this dissertation shows that there is asymmetry between the PCN / LP and its interlocutor, due to the primary education teacher, "real" party of the text does not identify with the interlocutor of the text, because they do not understand the theoretical concepts that sustain and, thus, build the references in the document. It is in the gap of the reader, by the difficulty in reading theoretical texts or by theoretical unpreparedness, that we identify this conceptual gap. This factor interferes with the text understanding. Hence, the enunciative point of view can be seen as a way to rethink L1 teaching, thus approximating text and reader.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-06-06T17:43:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 ana_fabricia_rodrigues_souza.pdf: 593943 bytes, checksum: dc5b22cd7859d8146b501351d04c1f3d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-06T17:43:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ana_fabricia_rodrigues_souza.pdf: 593943 bytes, checksum: dc5b22cd7859d8146b501351d04c1f3d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-14 / This work intends to discuss the metaphor relating it to the echolalia, bringing some perspectives on the subject in the enunciative field, that considers the subjectivity of the speech putting the subject in the center of the discussions.We analyzed echolalia, as a language disorder, associating it with the concept of metaphorical language under the scope of Émile Benveniste's Theory of Enunciation (1991, 2006). It was chosen to perform a qualitative research of an applied nature with the explanatory objective, following the bibliographic procedure, because it was deemed necessary to investigate the echolalia of a place other than a decontextualized repetition of the speech of another. For this, the subject in question was related to the metaphor, because it is similar in the fact that both represent a possible analogical transposition in the discourse. After analyzing the concept of metaphor under the classical, structuralist, functionalist, cognitive and enunciative aspects, confronting them with the notion of echolalia within the linguistic field, phonoaudiological and psychoanalytic, bringing to the discussion examples illustrative of echolonic language taken from specialized scientific publications, that one can perceive that it is in the analogy that is made within the discourse of the speaker, in the process of resignification that marks its singularity, that the acting subject is seen. In this comment, we undertake that the echolalia speech assumes the role not only of an empty speech, or disembodied speech, but of a metaphorical language from the enunciative point of view. The results found, through the analysis in cases of Autism and one Alzheimer's case, corroborate a new perception of echolalia, which is no longer seen as an "empty" speech, but as a single speech mark that re-means, that is, presents a sense within a context. / Este trabalho intenciona discutir a metáfora relacionando-a à ecolalia, trazendo algumas perspectivas sobre o assunto no campo enunciativo, que considera a subjetividade da fala colocando o sujeito no centro das discussões. Analisamos a ecolalia, enquanto transtorno de linguagem, associando-a ao conceito de linguagem metafórica sob o escopo da perspectiva da Teoria da Enunciação de Émile Benveniste (1991, 2006). Escolheu-se realizar uma pesquisa qualitativa de natureza aplicada com o objetivo explicativo, seguindo o procedimento bibliográfico, porque se julgou necessário se investigar a ecolalia de um outro lugar que não de uma repetição descontextualizada da fala de outrem. Para tanto, se relacionou a temática em questão com a metáfora, por se encontrar semelhança no fato de ambas representarem uma possível transposição analógica no discurso. Após análise do conceito de metáfora sob os aspectos clássico, estruturalista, funcionalista, cognitivo e enunciativo, confrontando-os com a noção de ecolalia dentro do campo linguístico, fonoaudiológico e psicanalítico, trazendo para discussão exemplos ilustrativos de linguagem ecolálica retirados de publicações científicas especializadas, que se pôde perceber que é na analogia que se faz dentro do discurso do falante, no processo de ressignificação que marca sua singularidade, que se vê o sujeito atuante. Nesse momento, empreendemos que a fala ecolália assume o papel não apenas de uma fala vazia, ou descorporificada, mas de uma linguagem metafórica do ponto de vista enunciativo. Os resultados encontrados, através das análises em casos de Autismo e um caso de Alzheimer, corroboram para uma nova percepção da ecolalia: como uma marca única de fala que ressignifica, ou seja, apresenta um sentido dentro de um contexto.

Ces vingt dernières années, le vin est devenu l’objet d’une pluralité de traitements éditoriaux créant une exubérance discursive sur cet univers complexe. Le numérique et les dispositifs sociaux du Web participent à cette surabondance éditoriale. Les pratiques numériques, dans l’univers professionnel du vin répondent à des ambitions stratégiques, des logiques multiples. Notre intérêt se situe du côté des blogs des producteurs de vin français. Le blog permet la création et la publication de contenus. Son projet repose sur une dynamique relationnelle d’échanges et de conversations numériques. Dans les blogs des producteurs de vin, les billets publiés renseignent sur des situations de travail en lien avec les cycles de la vigne et du vin sans aucune dynamique d’échanges et de conversations. Compte tenu des enjeux qui caractérisent la filière du vin, notre hypothèse de recherche est de considérer que les blogs des producteurs de vin français soutiennent un processus de professionnalisation. L’objectif de cette étude est de montrer comment une production éditoriale singulière, le blog a une raison d’être en dehors de tout échange ou dialogue numérique. Une part conséquente des contenus publiés concerne le récit détaillé d’activités professionnelles. Les contextes narratifs s’apparentent à l’expression d’une professionnalité. L’autre partie des publications regroupe des faits et des évaluations honorables produits par d’autres instances. Ce type de publication touche aux principes de la réputation qui est une des formes du professionnalisme. Le blog est ici au service d’un processus de reconnaissance et de légitimation sociale caractéristique de la professionnalisation. / For the last twenty years, wine has been dealt with in various editorial ways creating therefore a discursive exuberance about this complex topic. Digital and social technologies available on the Internet contribute to this editorial overabundance. Digital experiences in professional wine field respond to strategic ambitions, to multiple logics. French wine makers’ blogs aroused interest. A blog enables people to create and publish contents. Its project is based on an interpersonal exchange dynamic and digital talks. On French wine makers’ blogs, published posts give information about work situations linked with both vine and wine cycles without any exchange dynamic and digital talk. Considering the typical stakes of the wine industry, we assume here that French wine makers’ blogs are supporting a professionalization process. This research aims to show how a unique editorial production – blogs – is meant to be without being involved in any digital exchange or dialogue. A substantial part of the published contents is about detailed storytelling regarding professional activities. Narrative contexts relate to the expression of professionality (all necessary professional skills) . The other posts gather some honourable facts and evaluations produced by other authorities. This kind of posts is linked with reputation principles which are one of the many forms of professionalism. Blogs are here helping a recognition and social legitimisation process that is typical for professionalization.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-07-10T13:56:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 aurineide_profirio_barros_correia.pdf: 1436793 bytes, checksum: 0eefb2a5d00347a7a1e61980c4819c5f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-10T13:56:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 aurineide_profirio_barros_correia.pdf: 1436793 bytes, checksum: 0eefb2a5d00347a7a1e61980c4819c5f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-02 / This work, of qualitative nature, exploratory measures, based on study of case aims to analyze the dêixis in the construction of meaning in comments alluding to the Northeast on sports sites. It is based on the ennunciative perspective of language supported on the theory of Enunciation of Émile Benveniste. To this aim, we examined six comments that allude to the Northeast, running sports sites, watching as the dêiticos elements, in their personal, spatial and temporal levels contribute to the representation of subjectivity in the language, since these elements are interpreted with reference to the situation may include and refer to anything linguistic, not exclusively referring to an object or concept. It is relevant to highlight that Benveniste foccused on a strand of analysis of language in use, in action, in his example, dimension and this peculiarity directed our attention to the implications of this design language in the teaching of Portuguese Language, in which the text assumes an active role of building directions, requiring the interaction of their interlocutors. In this understanding, the design of Benveniste about the study of the language implies a relationship that justifies the use of, or the choice of certain words in speech by a guy, revealing, in your semantic aspect the establishment of the relationship of the signs with the conditions of an utterance, that determines the meaning in the light of oppositions imposed within the linguistic system and outside it. Benveniste stresses the dêixis (personal, spatial and temporal) as explicit brand relative to the subject with the statement, highlighting that these elements relate to the reality of speech and can only be identified in terms of locution, involving the relations of subjectivity that comprise locutor and a alocutario stabilished for him. The analysis of the data revealed that the meaning of an utterance is given by the possibility of sintagmatics choices made by a locutor that appropriates the language and sets out its position of subject when self declares "I" and set up a "you" in a given discursive space and time. Understanding the actions of these brands in the comments analyzed provides a reflection on the language in use and its mediation, providing ways to conceive the language and its methodological implications in the teaching of Portuguese Language. / Este trabalho, de natureza qualitativa, de cunho exploratório, baseado em estudo de caso, tem por objetivo analisar a dêixis no processo de construção de sentidos em comentários alusivos ao Nordeste em sites esportivos. Apoia-se na perspectiva enunciativa da linguagem e tem como base a Teoria da Enunciação de Émile Benveniste. Para tanto, analisamos seis comentários que fazem alusão ao Nordeste, veiculados em sites esportivos, observando como os elementos dêiticos, em seus níveis pessoal, espacial e temporal contribuem para a representação da subjetividade na linguagem, visto que esses elementos são interpretados com referência à situação enunciativa e referem-se a algo exclusivamente linguístico, não remetendo a um objeto ou conceito específico. Faz-se relevante destacar que Benveniste deteve-se em uma vertente de análise da língua em uso, em ação, em sua dimensão enunciativa, e essa peculiaridade direcionou nosso olhar para as implicações dessa concepção linguística no ensino da Língua Portuguesa, na qual o texto assume um papel ativo de construção de sentidos, necessitando da interação de seus interlocutores. Nesse entendimento, a concepção benvenistiana do estudo da língua implica estabelecer uma relação que justifique o uso ou a escolha de determinadas palavras assumidas no discurso por um sujeito, revelando, em seu aspecto semântico o estabelecimento da relação dos signos com as condições de um enunciado, que determina a significação em função de oposições instituídas no interior do sistema linguístico e exterior a ele. Benveniste destaca a dêixis (pessoal, espacial e temporal) como marca explícita da relação do sujeito com o enunciado, evidenciando que esses elementos referem-se à realidade do discurso e só podem ser identificados em termos de locução, envolvendo, assim, as relações de subjetividade que compreendem locutor e um alocutário por ele instituído. A análise dos dados revelou que o sentido de um enunciado se dá pela possibilidade das escolhas sintagmáticas agenciadas por um locutor que se apropria da língua e enuncia a sua posição de sujeito ao declarar-se “eu” e instaurar um “tu” em um determinado espaço e tempo discursivo. O entendimento enunciativo dessas marcas nos comentários analisados proporciona uma reflexão sobre a língua em uso e a sua mediação, possibilitando modos de se conceber a linguagem e suas implicações metodológicas no ensino da Língua Portuguesa.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-03-27T11:54:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 5677167 bytes, checksum: 190ac8e16c2faee3a07e84c6c097ac3e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T11:54:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 5677167 bytes, checksum: 190ac8e16c2faee3a07e84c6c097ac3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Au cours des dernières décennies, il a été de plus en plus tenté de rapprocher les différents domaines de la connaissance, offrant un dialogue large et fructueuse entre différents savoirs et entre les différentes cultures, parmi lesquells, dans le cas des Études du Langage, se distingue, entre autres, le dialogue avec les études religieuses, dans notre cas, en particulier avec la Théologie. En ce sens, il essaie de mettre en relation dialogique deux domaines de la connaissance: la Théorie de l'Énonciation - du point de vue des études de Bakhtine et le Cercle - et la Théologie, en particulier, l'herméneutique et l'exégèse biblique du Nouveau Testament (Désormais NT). Dans ce sens-là, un problème s’établit: comment la Théorie de l'Énonciation de Bakhtine et le Cercle pourrait contribuer avec les principes théoriques et analytiques pour la construction de l'Exégèse biblique du NT? Dans d’autres mots: quel appui la Théorie de l'Énonciation de Bakhtine et du Cercle peut offrir aux exegètes pour approfondir les exégèses bibliques du NT ? Ainsi, le but de cette recherche est vérifier quels éléments théoriques et analytiques de la Théorie mentionnée peuvent auxilier la compréhension des énonciations bibliques du NT dans le domaine (genre) dircoursif «exégèse ». Il développe, en rapport avec l'objet d'étude, une recherche qualitative, de nature interprétative, à travers la recherche bibliographique et documentaire, dont le corpus se compose de deux exégèses bibliques du NT élaborées par des étudiants de post-graduation du cours de théologie. Pour soutenir la recherche, il se réfère à la Théorie de l'Énonciation de Bakhtine et à la production théorique de son cercle, Bakhtine / Voloshinov (1988 [1929]) et Bakhtine (2010 [1935], 2011 [1975]), et à la contribution des travaux développés par des chercheurs brésiliens, comme Fiorin (2012, 2014), Francelino (2007), Sobral (2006, 2009), Faraco (2005, 2009), parmi beaucoup d'autres qui travaillent avec des recherches visant aux études énonciatives du langage. Et aussi l'Herméneutique fondée sur des présuppositions de Grondin (1999, 2012), Zabatiero (2006, 2009, 2011), Vanhoozer (2005), Lopes (2007), Sousa (2014, 2015). En ce qui concerne les résultats, il se rend compte qu'il y a trois aspects qui mettent en évidence les contributions des présuppositions bakhtiniennes pour la construction de l'exégèse biblique du NT: 1) la conception de la nature essentiellement dialogique du langage, 2) l’heterodiscurso comme phénomène stylistique-énonciative et 3) les études des genres discursives peuvent guider les pratiques de lecture et de compréhension du texte biblique, puisqu’ils sont des formes d'interactions sociales de toutes nos activités de langage et permettent ainsi la relation bien nécessaire qui (re) articule les enjeux et les moyens de comprendre les textes et les visions du monde / de la vie, des pratiques symboliques. / In the last decades, it has been attempted to approach the diverse areas of knowledge and to favor ample and efficient dialogues among the diverse knowledges among the different cultures which, in the case of the study of the language, it has been protruded, among others, the dialogue with religious researchers, especially in our case, with Theology. In this sense, it has been attempted to lay in dialogical relation two fields of knowledge: Enunciation Theory – on the Bakhtin Circle’s studies – and Theology, notably, New Testament (henceforth NT) Hermeneutics and Biblical Exegesis. In this regard, it has been established the following problematic: how the Bakhtin Circle’s Enunciation Theory might contribute on theoretical-analytical principles in the construction of the New Testament Hermeneutics and Biblical Exegesis? In other words, how the elements of Bakhtin Circle’s Enunciation Theory may lead the exegetes to deeper biblical exegesis and analysis on New Testament. Thus, we intend, in this research, to find out those theoretical-analytic principles and their contribution for readers/exegetes in the interpretation and comprehension of biblical utterances on a discursive-enunciative perspective. As the object of study, it was developed a qualitative research with interpretative focus through bibliographical and documental research. The corpus is constituted by two New Testament Biblical Exegesis that were elaborated by Theology Course post-graduate students. To support the research, it was resorted the Bakhtin Circle’s Enunciation Theory, principally what was studied by Bakhtin/Voloshinov (1988 [1929]) and Bakhtin (2010 [1935], 2011 [1975]), besides the contribution of works developed by Brazilian researchers such as Fiorin (2012, 2014), Francelino (2007), Sobral (2006, 2009), Faraco (2005, 2009), among others that work with researches on enunciative study of the language. Besides these theoretical support, it was used the Hermeneutic based on the assumptions of Grondin (1999, 2012), Zabatiero (2006, 2009, 2011), Vanhoozer (2005), Lopes (2007) and Sousa (2014, 2015). As a result, it was established three aspects that evidenced Bakhtin Circle’s presuppose to the construction of New Testament Biblical Exegesis: (1) the conception of the dialogic language nature, (2) the heterodiscourse as a stylistic-enunciative phenomenon, and (3) the studies of discourse genre might orient the reading practices and the biblical text interpretation, once they are the own manners of interaction of every human language activities and, thus, permit the necessary relation that (re)articulate the questions and the manner of comprehending the texts and the world/life views of symbolic practices. / Nas últimas décadas, tem-se cada vez mais tentado aproximar as diversas áreas do conhecimento, propiciando amplos e profícuos diálogos entre os diversos saberes e entre as diferentes culturas, dentre os quais, no caso dos Estudos da Linguagem, destaca-se, entre outros, o diálogo com os estudos religiosos, no nosso caso, em especial, com a Teologia. Nesse sentido, tenta-se pôr em relação dialógica dois campos do conhecimento: Teoria da Enunciação - sob a perspectiva dos estudos de Bakhtin e o Círculo - e a Teologia, notadamente, a Hermenêutica e a Exegese bíblica do Novo Testamento (Doravante NT). Nesse sentido, a problemática que ora se estabeleceu foi: em que medida a Teoria da Enunciação de Bakhtin e o Círculo contribuiria para o processo que engloba a tarefa exegética de interpretação de enunciados bíblicos do NT? Em outras palavras, de que maneira os princípios e os pressupostos da Teoria Enunciativa de Linguagem de Bakhtin e o Círculo podem aprofundar as análises das exegeses bíblicas do NT produzidas por exegetas? Assim, pretende-se, nessa pesquisa, verificar como a Teoria da Enunciação de Bakhtin e o Círculo pode contribuir com princípios teórico-analíticos para compreensão de enunciados bíblicos do NT no gênero discursivo exegese. Desenvolve-se, quanto ao objeto de estudo, uma pesquisa qualitativa de enfoque interpretativista, através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, cujo corpus é constituído por duas exegeses bíblicas do NT elaboradas por pós-graduandos do Curso de Teologia. Para subsidiar a pesquisa, recorre-se à Teoria de Enunciação de Bakhtin e à produção teórica de seu Círculo, Bakhtin/Voloshinov (1988 [1929]) e Bakhtin (2010 [1935], 2011 [1975]), além da contribuição dos trabalhos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores brasileiros, como Fiorin (2012, 2014), Francelino (2007), Sobral (2006, 2009), Faraco (2005, 2009), entre tantos outros que trabalham com pesquisas voltadas aos estudos enunciativos da linguagem. E, também, a Hermenêutica baseada nas pressuposições de Grondin (1999, 2012), Zabatiero (2006, 2009, 2011), Vanhoozer (2005), Lopes (2007), Sousa (2014, 2015). No que diz respeito aos resultados da pesquisa, constatam-se três aspectos que salientam as contribuições dos pressupostos bakhtinianos as análises de exegeses bíblicas do NT realizadas por exegetas: 1) a concepção da natureza essencialmente dialógica da linguagem, 2) o heterodiscurso como fenômeno estilístico-enunciativo e 3) os estudos dos gêneros discursivos como orientadores das práticas de leitura e compreensão do texto bíblico, uma vez que são as próprias formas de interação social de todas as nossas atividades de linguagem e, assim, permitem a tão necessária relação que rearticula as questões e os modos de compreender os textos e as visões do mundo/da vida, das práticas simbólicas.

Cette thèse de doctorat met en lumière les stratégies narratives déployées dans le récit français actuel pour représenter et construire son présent. L’hypothèse principale que cette recherche vérifie est la suivante : la littérature narrative d’aujourd’hui, par le recours à une énonciation entremêlant discours et narration ainsi que par une utilisation critique et pragmatique du passé, réplique au « présentisme » observé par François Hartog, cette perspective sur les temps dont le point d’observation et le point observé sont le présent. Les écrivains contemporains mettent en place un régime de temporalités où passé et avenir sont coordonnés au présent pour pacifier le rapport entre les trois catégories temporelles et faire apparaître un présent qui, sinon, demeure narrativement insaisissable ou soumis à l’autorité d’un passé ou d’un avenir qui dicte ses actions. En distinguant leurs textes du genre romanesque et du mode narratif qui le compose, Pierre Bergounioux, François Bon, Olivier Cadiot, Chloé Delaume, Annie Ernaux, Jean Echenoz et Olivier Rolin, entre autres, s’inscrivent dans la tradition énonciative du récit, ici entendu comme genre littéraire où l’énonciation et le texte en formation sont à eux-mêmes leur propre intrigue. Le sujet d’énonciation du récit contemporain cherche à élucider son rapport au temps en ayant recours à des scènes énonciatives qui ont à voir avec l’enquête et l’interlocution, de manière à ce que d’une anamnèse personnelle et intellectuelle, de même que de la confrontation d’une mémoire avec son récit jaillissent les caractéristiques d’une expérience du présent. Or, une des caractéristiques du présent expérimenté par le sujet contemporain semble être une résistance à la narration et au récit, rendant alors difficile sa saisie littéraire. Cette opposition au récit est investie par des écrivains qui ont recours, pour donner à voir l’immédiateté du présent, à la note et au journal, de même qu’à des genres littéraires qui mettent en échec la narration, notamment la poésie. En dépit de leurs efforts énonciatifs pour extraire le présent de l’opération qui le transforme en passé, ces écrivains font tout de même l’expérience répétée de la disparition immédiate du présent et de leur incapacité à énoncer littérairement un sentiment du présent. Le seul moyen d’en donner un aperçu reste alors peut-être de chercher à construire le présent à partir du constat répété de l’impossibilité d’un tel accomplissement. / This doctoral thesis highlights present-day French authors’ narrative strategies used to illustrate and conceive the present. Our central hypothesis is that through an act of utterance intermeshing discourse and narration, as well as the critical and pragmatic use of references to the past, today’s narrative literature offers a counterpoint to the “presentism” described by François Hartog (i.e. a retrospective look at eras in which the present is both the vantage point and the point under observation). By so doing, contemporary authors offer a system of historicities where the past and the future are linked to the present in order to reconcile the link between the three temporal categories and reveal a present which, otherwise, would remain narratively elusive or subrogated to the authority of a past or a future that dictates its behaviour. By distancing their works from the fictional genre and from the narrative form it embodies, Pierre Bergounioux, François Bon, Olivier Cadiot, Annie Ernaux, Chloé Delaume, Jean Echenoz and Olivier Rolin, amongst others, are part of the enunciative tradition of the narrative, considered here as a literary genre in which the enunciation and the text in gestation are, in and of themselves, their own intrigue. In the contemporary narrative, the aim of the enunciation subject is to clarify its relationship to time by using enunciative scenes having to do with this quest and the conversation so that from a personal and intellectual anamnesis, as well as from the clash of a memory with its recounting, emerge the characteristics integral to the present experience. And yet, one of the characteristics of the present that the contemporary subject experiences seems to be a resistance to narration and to storytelling, which makes it almost impervious to literary analysis. Authors take up this opposition to storytelling by using, in an effort to bring the immediacy of the present to the foreground, the note, the journal entry, and literary genres that thwart narration, such as poetry. In spite of their enunciative efforts to distil the present from the operation that transforms it into the past, these authors are nevertheless faced, time and again, with having to live the immediate dissipation of the present and their inability to capture in a literary form its essence. Perhaps the only way to offer a glimpse of this is to try to create the present by repeatedly showing the impossibility of such an achievement.

Cette thèse de doctorat met en lumière les stratégies narratives déployées dans le récit français actuel pour représenter et construire son présent. L’hypothèse principale que cette recherche vérifie est la suivante : la littérature narrative d’aujourd’hui, par le recours à une énonciation entremêlant discours et narration ainsi que par une utilisation critique et pragmatique du passé, réplique au « présentisme » observé par François Hartog, cette perspective sur les temps dont le point d’observation et le point observé sont le présent. Les écrivains contemporains mettent en place un régime de temporalités où passé et avenir sont coordonnés au présent pour pacifier le rapport entre les trois catégories temporelles et faire apparaître un présent qui, sinon, demeure narrativement insaisissable ou soumis à l’autorité d’un passé ou d’un avenir qui dicte ses actions. En distinguant leurs textes du genre romanesque et du mode narratif qui le compose, Pierre Bergounioux, François Bon, Olivier Cadiot, Chloé Delaume, Annie Ernaux, Jean Echenoz et Olivier Rolin, entre autres, s’inscrivent dans la tradition énonciative du récit, ici entendu comme genre littéraire où l’énonciation et le texte en formation sont à eux-mêmes leur propre intrigue. Le sujet d’énonciation du récit contemporain cherche à élucider son rapport au temps en ayant recours à des scènes énonciatives qui ont à voir avec l’enquête et l’interlocution, de manière à ce que d’une anamnèse personnelle et intellectuelle, de même que de la confrontation d’une mémoire avec son récit jaillissent les caractéristiques d’une expérience du présent. Or, une des caractéristiques du présent expérimenté par le sujet contemporain semble être une résistance à la narration et au récit, rendant alors difficile sa saisie littéraire. Cette opposition au récit est investie par des écrivains qui ont recours, pour donner à voir l’immédiateté du présent, à la note et au journal, de même qu’à des genres littéraires qui mettent en échec la narration, notamment la poésie. En dépit de leurs efforts énonciatifs pour extraire le présent de l’opération qui le transforme en passé, ces écrivains font tout de même l’expérience répétée de la disparition immédiate du présent et de leur incapacité à énoncer littérairement un sentiment du présent. Le seul moyen d’en donner un aperçu reste alors peut-être de chercher à construire le présent à partir du constat répété de l’impossibilité d’un tel accomplissement. / This doctoral thesis highlights present-day French authors’ narrative strategies used to illustrate and conceive the present. Our central hypothesis is that through an act of utterance intermeshing discourse and narration, as well as the critical and pragmatic use of references to the past, today’s narrative literature offers a counterpoint to the “presentism” described by François Hartog (i.e. a retrospective look at eras in which the present is both the vantage point and the point under observation). By so doing, contemporary authors offer a system of historicities where the past and the future are linked to the present in order to reconcile the link between the three temporal categories and reveal a present which, otherwise, would remain narratively elusive or subrogated to the authority of a past or a future that dictates its behaviour. By distancing their works from the fictional genre and from the narrative form it embodies, Pierre Bergounioux, François Bon, Olivier Cadiot, Annie Ernaux, Chloé Delaume, Jean Echenoz and Olivier Rolin, amongst others, are part of the enunciative tradition of the narrative, considered here as a literary genre in which the enunciation and the text in gestation are, in and of themselves, their own intrigue. In the contemporary narrative, the aim of the enunciation subject is to clarify its relationship to time by using enunciative scenes having to do with this quest and the conversation so that from a personal and intellectual anamnesis, as well as from the clash of a memory with its recounting, emerge the characteristics integral to the present experience. And yet, one of the characteristics of the present that the contemporary subject experiences seems to be a resistance to narration and to storytelling, which makes it almost impervious to literary analysis. Authors take up this opposition to storytelling by using, in an effort to bring the immediacy of the present to the foreground, the note, the journal entry, and literary genres that thwart narration, such as poetry. In spite of their enunciative efforts to distil the present from the operation that transforms it into the past, these authors are nevertheless faced, time and again, with having to live the immediate dissipation of the present and their inability to capture in a literary form its essence. Perhaps the only way to offer a glimpse of this is to try to create the present by repeatedly showing the impossibility of such an achievement.