Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:22:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Sandra Maria Galliza do Amaral Marinho.pdf: 1643151 bytes, checksum: 74fc9b5cbef2a8a248eefb65cbce256b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the last two decades, the global temperatures rise has become one of the most prominent environmental concern, albeit exists controversy regarding its causes, its intensity and its impacts on civilization. The possibility of this problem to endanger human existence and the standards of living and development achieved motivated the European Union in 2008 to recognize it as an existential threat, providing the issue with a security dimension. This dissertation aimed at understanding the European process of elevating climate change to the security realm, which Copenhagen School defines as securitization, in order to discuss the potential and limitations of this approach when applied to the environmental sector. To accomplish this goal, the European case was mapped in comparison with the historical and political context and the theory of International Relations through his speeches and relevant documentation, including media production. The starting point was the establishment of a parallel between the traditional and the widener approach of security, from which the study sought to identify the reasons and circumstances that led the European Union to securitize climate change, the guiding principles of its rhetoric and the implications of the process. The analysis of this set of factors subsidizes the reflection on the best rationality to deal with the issue: if the ordinary politics that prioritizes precautionary and cooperative practices or the security approach based on urgent and exceptional measures. / Nas duas últimas décadas, a elevação das temperaturas globais se tornou uma das mais proeminentes temáticas ambientais, ainda que entremeada por controvérsias quanto a suas causas, intensidade e impactos sobre a civilização. A possibilidade de tal problema colocar em risco a existência humana e os níveis de desenvolvimento alcançados motivou a União Europeia, em 2008, a reconhecê-lo como uma ameaça existencial, conferindo-lhe uma dimensão securitária. O presente estudo analisa esse processo, que a Escola de Copenhague define como securitização, com o objetivo de discutir os potenciais e limites de tal tratamento quando aplicado ao setor ambiental. Para tanto, o caso europeu foi mapeado, em cotejo com o contexto histórico-político e a teoria de Relações Internacionais, através de seus discursos e da documentação pertinentes, inclusive da produção midiática. Tendo como ponto de partida o estabelecimento de um paralelo entre a perspectiva tradicional e a ampliada de segurança, buscou-se identificar as razões e condições que levaram o consórcio estatal europeu a securitizar as mudanças climáticas; os eixos norteadores de sua retórica e as implicações que daí derivaram. A análise desse conjunto de fatores subsidia a reflexão sobre a melhor racionalidade para lidar com a questão: se a política ordinária que prioriza práticas voltadas para a prevenção e cooperação ou se a abordagem de segurança fundamentada em medidas urgentes e excepcionais.

Thesis in Afrikaans with summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die doel van hlerdie ondersoek is om die ekstrinsieke en intrinsieke oorsake van leermislukking met spesifieke verwysing na skole in die Windhoek stadsgebied te bepaal en om aanbevelings te doen hoe om leermislukking teen te werk. Leermislukking en druiping is onrusbarend hoog in skole in die Windhoek stadsgebied. Nadat die Ministerie van Onderwys die semi-outomatiese promoveringstelsel ingestel het, het druiping afgeneem maar leermislukking het toegeneem omdat leerders gepromoveer word sonder dat hulle sukses in die vorige graad behaal het. Volgens die literatuurstudie le die oorsake van leermislukking by die ouerhuis, die skool, die omgewing en in die leerder self. Die empiriese ondersoek toon ooreenkomste met die literatuurstudie wat betref die oorsake van leermislukking. Om die oorsake teen te werk - moet onderwysers beter opgelei word - moet die ouers meer bewus gemaak word van hulle rol in die leersukses van hulle kinders - is meer skoolgeboue en onderwysers nodig om kleiner klasse te bewerkstellig. / The purpose of this research is to establish the extrinsic and intrinsic causes of learning failure with specific reference to schools in the Windhoek municipal area and to make recommendations to counteract learning failure. Learning failure and grade failing are disconcertingly high in schools in the Windhoek municipal area. After the Ministry of Education implemented the semi-automatic promotion system, grade failing decreased, but learning failure increased because learners are promoted without achieving success in a prior grade. According to the literature study, the causes of learning failure are to be found in the home, the school, the environment, and the learner. Similarities regarding the causes of learning failure were found in the empirical investigation and the literature study. To counteract these causes • teachers should be better trained • parents should become more aware of their role in the learning success of their children • more school buildings and teachers are needed to limit class sizes.

Dagens samhälle är präglat av materialism och dagens konsumtionsmönster är ohållbara ur miljömässig synpunkt. Konsumtionen skapar därmed miljöproblem och ett viktigt styrmedel för att göra den mer hållbar är miljömärkning. Miljömärkta produkter produceras på ett miljöansvarigt sätt utan kemiska bekämpningsmedel och gödsel som är skadliga för både människa och miljö. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka den nuvarande medvetenheten kring miljömärkningar hos unga vuxna på Möckelngymnasiet. Metoden för studien var enkätutdelning till skolklasser som går sista året på gymnasiet. Utfallet av undersökningen visar att medvetenheten kring miljömärkningar är stor hos respondenterna och att respondenterna känner igen många av miljömärkningarna. Allmän kunskap om människans miljöpåverkan och om konsumentansvar visas i de flesta fallen vara knutna till val av miljömärkta produkter. En anledning till att köpa miljömärkta produkter är ansvarskänsla, vilket tyder på ekologiskt medborgarskap hos respondenterna. En anledning till att inte köpa miljömärkta produkter är för högt pris, vilket visar att det kan vara kontextuella faktorer som gör att vissa respondenter inte köper miljömärkta produkter. / Today’s society is characterized by materialism and today’s consumption patterns are unsustainable from an environmental point of view. The consumption is thus creating environmental problems and an important instrument to make it more sustainable is environmental labeling. Environmental labeled products are being produced in an environmental responsible manner without chemical pesticides or manure that both are harmful for humans and the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the current state of awareness on environmental labels of young adults in a high school called Möckelngymnasiet. The method of the study was to do a survey research in classes with final year high school students. The outcome of the survey shows that the awareness on environmental labels is high among the respondents and that the respondents recognize many of the environmental labels. General knowledge on human’s environmental impact and on responsibility of consumers is shown to in most cases be linked to buying environmental labeled products. One reason to buy environmental labeled products is a sense of responsibility, which indicates on ecological citizenship among the respondents. One reason to not buy environmental labeled products is too high price, which shows that contextual factors can lead to that some respondents not buying environmental labeled products.

Industrial operations have been attributed to causing social and environmental problems such as: acid rain; greenhouse gas emissions, air, water and soil pollution; plus health problems to neighbourhood communities. With the 3P (people, planet, profit) approach for sustainability as the background, there have been movements to establish the concept of eco-industrial development in existing or new industrial areas from the planning stage onwards. Industrial ecology (IE) is the operation of an industrial ecosystem which is based on the principles of operation of a natural ecosystem. Industrial symbiosis (IS), one of the principal applications of IE, is defined as inter-firm collaboration, where a network of industries collaborates in exchange of products, by-products, information, resources and wastes to reduce their collective environmental footprint to achieve mutual benefits. / Industrial symbiosis is a collaborative process of industries geographically located in an industrial park, which facilitates and enables an exchange of products, by-products and wastes to reduce the collective adverse impacts of the emission during the operation of these industries. However, IS faces a number of barriers. Importantly, it has been identified that there is a critical impediment to implementing future IS practices in the area. This is because of the number of barriers such as technical, regulatory, commercial as well as informational. In addition, there is an absence of a proven and well established evaluation methodology to identify the benefits of such practice. The true implications of IS might therefore remain underestimated, thereby failing to convince industry, government and the community to realize the opportunities IS can bring in attaining goals of sustainability in their operations. / The aim of this PhD research was to develop and trial a method for capturing the life cycle environmental, social and economic implications of industrial symbiosis in heavy industrial areas. This research was based on multi-disciplinary approach of examining environmental, social and financial aspects to develop an integrated method. In the Kwinana industrial Area (KIA), the primary research area in Western Australia, the opportunities were significant for such industrial symbiosis to happen because of the co-location of diverse industries. The research hypothesis that informs this thesis is that the assessment of implications of present IS might bring further opportunities for enhancing symbiosis between industries. Though the primary emphasis of the research was in the Kwinana Industrial Area, this approach could be applied to other heavy industrial areas. This site could be significant both nationally and internationally in providing a platform for business responses to regional sustainable development challenges, by documenting best practice and improving approaches for implementing industrial symbiosis. / This research addressed the objectives by using the developed Six Capitals Model (SCM) for identifying environmental, social and economic benefits. The values under these dimensions were analysed with regard to natural, ecosystem, human, social, financial and manufactured capitals for a project of wastewater reclamation for industrial use. Under the environmental dimension, the model revealed that resource conservation and resource security were achieved as a result of the operation of this project. These results are in line with the argument that industrial symbiosis secures and conserves resources due to the possibility of reclaiming the resources that were once discarded. Water contamination has been reduced as a result of the operation of this project. This indicator shows that there is an improvement in maintaining the ecosystem capital. / In terms of human capital, sharing information between industries and opportunities of sharing infrastructure and technology has been improved. Regarding community capital, sharing of information between industries and communities, has increased as a result of this project. Collaboration of government bodies, level of understanding about IS projects due to increasing communication between various stakeholders, and increase of employment opportunities are notable, as value has been generated for community capital since the project started. In terms of financial capital of the project, the majority of the participants did not gain any financial savings in terms of direct costs but rather accrued short term costs. This was due to the infrastructure cost involved as part of installation of pipes and pumps. It was also due to the high cost of the reclaimed water than the scheme water. In addition, the analysis showed that most of the participants of the project did not gain any savings in the indirect costs such as hidden and legal costs, such as permit costs, compliance costs, future fines and penalties. However, as part of manufactured capital, there were savings due to improved business opportunities as well as infrastructure, for business and community collectively. / The results of this thesis show that broader benefits of symbiosis can be achieved, not only from operation of the project, but also from the influence of processes of symbiosis. Among them are connection, communication and collaboration between the project partners. There has been a substantial increase in the networking of industries and formation of multi groups for addressing various issues faced by industry and community in the Kwinana. There has also been a further increase in the transparency of information dissemination and communication through industries council’s website. In addition, there has been an improvement in the rate of participation of community members and groups in the Communities and Industries Forum (CIF) which resulted in the formation of further stakeholder groups by industries council as a platform for addressing the issues of industries and communities. / IS practices strengthen the EIP concept and increase the chances of sustainable industrial development regionally due to collaboration of community of businesses and local and regional community. IS also increases the reputation and license to operate in the community. There are many advantages for using the Model developed in the thesis to assess the benefits of IS. First, the values of ecosystem values maintained are able to be accounted for in addition to natural capital values. The Six Capital Model can also account human capital values in addition to community capital. The Model also accounted the manufactured capital in addition to financial capital and it gives an opportunity to identify the value generated towards community and companies. / Finally, the Model enables a calculation of the internal costs and external costs and benefits so that industries are able to understand the real cost of the projects. One of the main advantages of this method is that with, right indicators, the intangible values of the IS process can also be assessed and reported.

Submitted by Isabelle P. Déjardin (belledejardin@hotmail.com) on 2015-12-03T12:47:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese versão FINAL para Repositório.pdf: 2404348 bytes, checksum: 563bb1fcf65e4ece462aa8b4037e5f44 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2015-12-17T18:40:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese versão FINAL para Repositório.pdf: 2404348 bytes, checksum: 563bb1fcf65e4ece462aa8b4037e5f44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-17T18:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese versão FINAL para Repositório.pdf: 2404348 bytes, checksum: 563bb1fcf65e4ece462aa8b4037e5f44 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB) / Diante da fragmentação do conhecimento entre disciplinas, a problemática socioambiental tem sido abordada nas escolas de modo dissociado da realidade de seus alunos. Essa fragmentação é resultado de uma lógica que disjunta, reduz e isola conhecimentos e fenômenos. Em algumas disciplinas, essa problemática surge associada à natureza, configurando uma problemática ecológica ou ambiental e, em outras, às questões de pobreza e desigualdade, produzindo uma problemática social. Isso faz com que as partes se isolem nas relações com o todo e com as outras partes, passando despercebidas entre as comunidades escolares e pouco contribuindo para atitudes de cidadania, em que o meio ambiente e a sociedade sejam interpretados pelos sujeitos discentes sob uma ótica integrativa, reflexiva, participativa e transformadora, como preconiza a educação ambiental para a cidadania. A pesquisa objetivou analisar as relações entre a cidadania e a problemática socioambiental na formação de alunos do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública localizada no bairro do Cabula, em Salvador, Bahia. O referencial teórico foi construído com base na complexidade de Edgar Morin e outros aportes, destacando os temas da educação, meio ambiente, cidadania, sustentabilidade e educação ambiental, incorporando as dimensões de pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica, descritiva e interpretativa. A multidimensionalidade da cidadania gerou variadas terminologias e denominações entre os saberes ambientais. A pesquisa de campo ocorreu entre os meses de setembro e dezembro de 2014, tendo sido aplicados questionários com a diretora, a vice-diretora e a coordenadora pedagógica da escola investigada, bem como com os alunos de quatro turmas do ensino fundamental do turno matutino: duas de 6º ano, uma de 8º ano e uma de 9º ano. Selecionaram-se aleatoriamente 10 questionários por turma, totalizando 40. Adotou-se o Círculo Hermenêutico-Dialético (CHD) como técnica de coleta de dados, cujas entrevistas foram aplicadas com os professores dessas turmas, contando ainda com a observação não participante. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de dados interativa hermenêutico-dialética. Foram definidos limites e possibilidades, especialmente a necessidade de socialização de conhecimentos a partir de uma integração teórico-metodológica dos Eixos Temáticos de Cidadania, Meio Ambiente e Ciência e Tecnologia. A ideia é contribuir para que os alunos tenham uma formação que lhes permitam uma visão ampliada e multidimensional da complexidade de suas ações socioambientais cidadãs. / ABSTRACT Social-environmental problems have been addressed in schools dissociated from the reality of their students, by means of knowledge fragmentation between disciplines. This fragmentation is the result of a logic which dissevers, reduces and isolates knowledge and phenomena. In some disciplines, this problem arises associated to nature, setting ecological or environmental issues, and for others, to poverty and inequality issues, what generate a social problem. It causes the isolation of the parts in their relations to the whole and among themselves. It is unnoticed among school communities and brings little contribution to citizenship attitudes, where environment and society are interpreted by pupils under an integrative, reflective, participatory, and effective perspective as environmental education for citizenship professes. The research aimed to analyze the relationship between citizenship and social-environmental problems for the students’ formal education from a public elementary school in Cabula’s neighborhood, in Salvador the capital of Bahia State. The theoretical framework was built based on the complexity of Edgar Morin and other contributions, highlighting education, environment, citizenship, sustainability, and environmental education issues, incorporating the exploratory, descriptive, and interpretative dimensions of literature. Citizenship multidimensionality has generated several terminologies and denominations to environmental knowledge. The research field occurred between September and December 2014: the questionnaires were applied to the director, the vice director, and the educational coordinator of the investigated school. As well as, to students from four classes of the elementary school from the morning shift: two of the 6th grade, one of 8th grade and one of the 9th grade. It was ten randomly selected questionnaires per class, totaling forty. The Hermeneutic-Dialectic Circle (DHC) was adopted as the data collection technique, whose interviews were applied to those classes’ teachers, still relying on the non-participant observation technique. The hermeneutic-dialectic analytical technique interactive data was used. Limits and possibilities were defined, especially the need for knowledge socialization from a theoretical and methodological integration of Citizenship, Environment, Science, and Technology Main Themes. The idea is to contribute to students receive a formal education that will enable them to an enlarged and multidimensional view of the complexity of their social and environmental citizen actions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_rt_dr_rcla.pdf: 4907043 bytes, checksum: 726a4656c94a0d06d7ccf4170a2e6e9e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Joanópolis é um dos municípios de São Paulo que faz divisa estadual com Minas Gerais. Localizado ao norte da capital paulista, conta com uma pequena e pacata cidade, construída ao redor do Largo da Igreja de São João Batista. As belezas cênicas da região e as riquezas culturais são marcantes e justificam seu título de Estância Turística. Porém, ao aprofundarmos nosso olhar para além das maravilhas, encontramos problemas urbanos comuns a quaisquer outras cidades brasileiras. Vivendo esta realidade estão os adolescentes de Joanópolis. Estes jovens, caracterizados por uma faixa etária e atitudes marcantes da etapa de vida em que estão, têm percepção e cognição dos problemas sociais e ambientais que existem ao seu redor. O presente estudo teve como objetivo mostrar que os adolescentes de Joanópolis, diferentemente do que é aceito pelo senso comum, além de perceberem os problemas sociais e ambientais, são capazes de propor soluções ou ações mitigadoras para resolvê-los ou, ao menos, minimizá-los, faltando-lhes, apenas, oportunidades para participarem de fóruns e debates e para se manifestarem, a fim de contribuírem nos processos decisórios participativos. / Joanópolis is one of the cities of São Paulo State to border Minas Gerais State. It is settled at the north of São Paulo State capital and is formed by a small and quiet town, which has been built around the Square of São João Batista Church. The beautiful sights around the place and the cultural richness are impressive and justify the title of being a Touristic Site. However, if we look beyond those wonders, we find the ordinary urban problems of any other Brazilian city. Living in this reality are the adolescents of Joanópolis. Those teenagers, characterized by their age group and distinguishing features of this time of their lives, have the perception and cognition of the social and environmental problems around them. This study aims to show that the adolescents of Joanópolis, differing from what is believed by common sense, not only see the social and environmental problems, but are also capable of proposing solutions or mitigating actions to solve, or, at least, minimize them. It lacks them the opportunity to participate in forums and debates and to express themselves, in order to contribute to the participative decision making process.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:49:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 16883826 bytes, checksum: 188f625a492712513eb09fd4fcb32263 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The inexorable progression and accelerated rhythm of urbanization in cities, make questionable the adequate relationship man ± physical environment . Thus, the urban scenario reflects an urbanistic process regardless of the consequences with public space, respect for the natural biodiversity and houses fit for human habitation. The lack of an urban policy aiming to solve such problems, generates an uncontrollable occupation process, that is sometimes established at risky and environmentally fragile locales (river banks, hillsides, foothills etc.), that eventually interfere in the life quality of the human population as a whole. Despite to be recognized as an urban district, in agreement with a classification based on urban morphology category and its variables in the context of a city, the spontaneous settlements of São José resembles a slum. Seeking for measures to change this situation, mainly with respect to popular housing and their consequences, it is aimed here: (i) to analyze the settlement by assuming the slum as a component of the urban morphology unit, though it is considered here the pre-existing conditions of the dwellers modus vivendi, their cultural identity and an environment with all sort of problems; (ii) to propose alternatives conducting to low-cost and satisfactory public housing, born of morpho-spatial concepts with social inclusion adequate socially, spatially, and environmentally to existing forms of the spontaneous settlement studied here; (iii) to redesign and reorganize their territory making possible to promote social integration and local collective living, that will help the revitalization process. Besides all these premises, it is necessary that in the administration policy, people be considered active participants in the multi-sector city planning and management, which are important preconditions for urban ± environmental sustainability of the polis. These well planned and articulated actions, when jointly applied, will certainly help to find a good urban performance in the study area, as well as the harmony expected between the ecological and the social biodiversity. The work concludes with an urbanististic multidimensional plan for the district, pointing paths that break the urban iniquity and partner-space segregation process in urbe / A inexorável progressão e ritmo acelerado de urbanização das cidades, vem pondo em questão a relação adequada do homem com o meio físico-ambiental . Desta forma, as paisagens urbanas reproduzem as consequências de um urbanismo que não contempla o espaço público, o respeito a biodiversidade natural e a moradia digna para todos. A falta de uma política urbana que equacione esta situação gera um processo descontrolado de ocupação, muitas vezes em áreas de risco e frágeis no sentido ambiental (várzeas de rios, encostas, sopé de barreiras, etc.), que acaba interferindo na qualidade de vida de toda população. Pensando encontrar medidas para mudar este quadro, principalmente o problema habitacional popular e seus desdobramentos, este trabalho propõe analisar um assentamento espontâneo na cidade de João Pessoa/PB, especificamente o caso do bairro São José (apesar de ser reconhecido como bairro possui características de favela), a partir da categoria de morfologia urbana e suas variáveis no contexto citadino. Busca assumir a favela como parte integrante da unidade morfológica urbana reconhecendo, entretanto, a condição preexistente do modus vivendi dos moradores, sua identidade cultural, e as problemáticas ambientais circundantes. Pretende propor alternativas que direcionem à habitabilidade satisfatória usuários a partir de conceitos morfo-espaciais com inclusão social, adequando-se social, espacial e ambientalmente às formas existentes do assentamento espontâneo abordado. O redesenho e a reorganização do seu território, possibilitando intensificar a integração social e o convívio coletivo local auxiliar no processo de requalificação pretendido. Além destas premissas, é preciso inserir, na política administrativa, a gestão participativa e a dimensão do planejamento multisetorial como sendo precondição para sustentabilidade urbano-ambiental da polis. Estas ações bem planejadas e articuladas entre si, quando aplicadas em conjunto, ajudarão a encontrar a boa performance urbana na área de estudo e sua devida harmonia entre a biodiversidade ecológica e social. O trabalho finaliza com um plano urbanístico multidimensional para o bairro, apontando caminhos que rompa o processo de iniquidade citadina e segregação sócio-espacial na urbe

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:49:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Glauco Leao AGronegocio.pdf: 1526556 bytes, checksum: 8b3f4a0c5787f7ba176ca6d587320b0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-10 / In Goiás, the process of occupation of the territory still happens today. Livestock, rice, corn and soybeans that once moved over the cerrado, gradually transferring go area for cane sugar. The sugarcane expansion was influenced by increased demand for ethanol due to growth in sales of flex-fuel vehicles, especially in the last decade. Thus, there was an increase in cultivated area for sugar cane, showing a change in consumption of energy. The concern from various sectors of society is that in many regions, the sugar cane harvest is still done manually by pruning and many social and environmental problems are arising from this form of management, such as fires and poor working conditions. In Goianésia largest municipality of sugarcane Microregion of Ceres, violence has increased, mainly related to drug use in the years 2009 and 2010. There are reports of drug use to provide more force some workers to cut cane or to provide relief from stress as a result of one day of paid work for productivity. / Em Goiás, o processo de ocupação do território acontece ainda nos dias atuais. A pecuária, o arroz, o milho e a soja que outrora avançaram sobre o bioma cerrado, gradativamente, vão transferindo área para a cana-de-açúcar. A expansão canavieira foi influenciada pelo aumento da demanda por etanol decorrente do crescimento na venda de veículos bicombustíveis, principalmente na última década. Dessa forma, houve um aumento da área cultivada por cana, demonstrando uma mudança de consumo da matriz energética. A preocupação de vários setores da sociedade é que, em muitas regiões, a colheita da cana é ainda realizada manualmente através da poda e muitos problemas socioambientais têm advindos dessa forma de manejo, como as queimadas e as condições precárias de trabalho. Em Goianésia, maior município canavieiro da Microrregião de Ceres, a violência foi incrementada, principalmente relacionado ao consumo de drogas, nos anos de 2009 e 2010. Há relatos de uso de drogas para proporcionar mais vigor a alguns trabalhadores do corte da cana ou para propiciar um alívio pelo stress como consequência de um dia de trabalho remunerado por produtividade.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo a CiÃncia e Tecnologia / Devido Ãs condiÃÃes edafoclimÃticas, as serras Ãmidas do Cearà sÃo propÃcias para a produÃÃo agrÃcola e para a concentraÃÃo demogrÃfica. O MaciÃo de Baturità constitui-se em um dos mais expressivos compartimentos de relevo com proximidade ao litoral, sendo que sua sub-regiÃo serrana tem sido alvo das aÃÃes humanas desde o inÃcio da ocupaÃÃo da regiÃo. Os problemas ambientais identificados nessa regiÃo sÃo causados pelos desmatamentos oriundos de prÃticas agrÃcolas com tÃcnicas rudimentares, construÃÃes particulares de casas de veraneio, cultivos em Ãreas de acentuadas declividades e remoÃÃo da vegetaÃÃo das nascentes dos rios. AlÃm disso, um forte aumento da especulaÃÃo imobiliÃria aliada aos diversos eventos culturais de abrangÃncia nacional, tambÃm impulsionam o interesse pela mesma. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa faz uso das geotecnologias para analisar a perda da cobertura vegetal da sub-regiÃo serrana do MaciÃo de Baturità nos Ãltimos 21 anos. Se a contÃnua remoÃÃo da cobertura vegetal do MaciÃo de Baturità nÃo for contida, diversos problemas de cunho socioambiental serÃo realidade para as populaÃÃes que o habitam. Portanto, a administraÃÃo pÃblica deve exercer papel fiscalizador, reduzindo a aÃÃo da especulaÃÃo imobiliÃria e criar polÃticas voltadas para a geraÃÃo de renda e inclusÃo social. A EducaÃÃo Ambiental deve ser focada nas escolas e treinamentos devem ser aplicados aos pequenos agricultores para que possam utilizar o solo de maneira apropriada. Desta forma a Ãnsia por um desenvolvimento sustentÃvel poderà tornar-se real e as geraÃÃes futuras tambÃm poderÃo usufruir das belezas naturais do MaciÃo de BaturitÃ. / Because soil and climatic conditions, the humid mountain ranges of Cearà are propitious for the agricultural production and demographic concentration. The MaciÃo de Baturità consists in one of the most expressive relief compartments with proximity to the coast, being that its sub-mountain region has been target of the actions of human beings since the beginning of the occupation of the region. Environmental problems identified in this region are caused by the deriving deforestations of practical agriculturists with rudimentary techniques, particular constructions of summering houses, culti vation in areas of accented declivities and removal of vegetation the sources of rivers. Moreover, a sharp increase in property speculation allied to the various cultural events of national scope, also driving the interest in it. In this direction, the present research makes use of the geotechnologies to analyze the loss of the vegetal covering of the sub-region's mountain of the MaciÃo de Baturità in last 21 years. If the continuous removal of the vegetation cover of the M aciÃo de Baturità will not be contained, several problems of reality imprint prom otions will be for the people that inhabit. Therefore, the public administration must exercise supervisory role, reducing the share of property speculation and to c reate politics directed toward the income generation and social inclusion. The Env ironmental Education should be aimedat schools and training should be applied the small agriculturists so that they can use the soil in an appropriate manner. Thus the yearning for sustainable development could become real and future generations can also enjoy the beauty of the MaciÃo de BaturitÃ.

La première partie de ces recherches s’attache à étudier les causes de l’apparition de la Charte de l’environnement et plus particulièrement du droit pour chacun de vivre dans un environnement équilibré et respectueux de la santé (article 1er de la Charte). Elle développe ensuite les définitions de ce droit, à la lumière notamment du droit international et national antérieur à la Charte, pour enfin analyser son effectivité. Le manque d’effectivité du droit pour chacun de vivre dans un environnement équilibré et respectueux de la santé contraint, dans une deuxième partie, à rapprocher le préjudice environnemental, en tant que préjudice subjectif, d’un dommage écologique objectif. Ce qui permet d’analyser la responsabilité induite par les atteintes environnementales et sanitaires. Il est enfin constaté qu’à travers l’ensembledes règles environnementales, un équilibre environnemental entre l’homme et la nature et une préservation de la santé sont à la fois systématiquement recherchés. Cette protection sanitaire passe par l’encadrement d’une nature sauvage et, suite à des transformations environnementales, par des aménagements permettant de réparer les dommages écologiques nuisibles à l’être humain. Si toutes ces règles convergeaient vers un seul et même objectif, celui de vivre dans un environnement équilibré et respectueux de la santé, il serait possible de dire que ce droit est le signe de l’apparition d’un nouveau concept. Cependant il demeure à ce jour un droit purement politique, hypothétique, dont l’effectivité n’existe que ponctuellement à travers une multitude de règles environnementales et urbanistiques dont l’ampleur reste un frein. / The first part of these researches aims at studying the causes of the apparition of the Charter of the environment and in particular the right for everyone to live in a balanced and environment, which is conducive to health (Article 1 of the Charter). It then develops the definitions of this right, particularly in the light of international and national laws prior to the Charter,to finally analyze its effectiveness. The lack of effectiveness of the right for everyone to live in a balanced environment that is conducive to health constrains, in a second part, to assimilate the environmental prejudice, as a subjective prejudice, to an objective ecological damage. This allows to analyze the responsibility induced by environmental and health damages. Finally, it is noted that, through all the environmental regulations, an environmental balance between man and nature, and health preservation have systematically been sought. This health protection requires the supervision of wild nature and,subsequently to environmental transformations, the development of solutions to remediate to environmental damage harmful to humans. If all these rules were converging towards a single objective, which would be to live in a balanced environment conducive to health, it could be possible to say that this right is the sign of the emergence of a new concept. However, this body of law remains, to this day, purely political and hypothetical. Its effectiveness exists only occasionally, through a multitude of environmental and urban planning rules, whose large scope also remains an obstacle.