Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The world today is facing many energy challenges such as power outages experienced internationally and in South Africa. The demand for energy is constantly increasing and is creating environmental problems such as climate change, which is presently a major concern to society. This study is an attempt to establish how energy saving mechanisms such as the elimination of non-essential power can add economic value within the mining industry. This paper examines the effect of non-essential power and how it could assist companies to reduce their energy consumption, aid local power utilities in a crisis and maintain normal production levels. This research report was based on an investigation for power saving opportunities at a mining company during a power crisis. The paper looks at energy efficiency and the barriers to the adoption of energy savings. Companies in general do not have a structured way of addressing non-essential power saving. Companies are not aware of the value such initiatives could have on corporate responsibility and sustainable reporting. The benefits of energy efficiency and nonessential power on the triple bottom line are not clearly documented in literature. When comparing the impact of non-essential power on the triple bottom line, it became obvious that further research is required in order to prove whether it influences the social aspect. The impact of power generation on the global environment has not been clearly calculated and linked to the value of saving power. The literature review highlighted that companies are focusing on long-term initiatives instead of smaller initiatives, which requires less effort. During the investigation of the mining company, it was found that not much effort was made during the design stages in separating the electrical circuits from non-essential and essential power. The author concludes that switching off non-essential power held economic and environmental benefits for the mining company. The author therefore concludes that switching off non-essential power impacts positively on the economic and environmental part of the triple bottom line. It was found that the elimination of non-essential power is easy to implement with minimum investment and effort. Furthermore, the savings from these initiatives could easily be measured to calculate the return on the investment. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ons kry deesdae al meer te doen met uitdagings soos internasionale en plaaslike kragonderbrekings in die energiebedryf. Die aanvraag vir energie verhoog deurlopend en veroorsaak omgewingsprobleme soos klimaatsveranderinge, wat ‘n groot bekommernis is vir die samelewing. In hierdie studie word gepoog om vas te stel hoe energie besparings meganismes soos die eliminering van nie-noodsaaklike krag ekonomiese waarde kan voeg tot die mynboubedryf. Die uitwerking wat nie-noodsaaklike krag het en hoe dit maatskappye kan help om kragverbruik te verlaag terwyl produksievlakke steeds gehandhaaf word, is hier ondersoek. Plaaslike kragvoorsieners kan ook baat vind hierby in krisistye. Hierdie navorsingsverslag is gebaseer op ‘n ondersoek van krag besparings geleenthede by ‘n mynmaatskappy gedurende ‘n krisistydperk van kragonderbrekings. Die verslag kyk na die doetreffendheid van energieverbruik, asook na die hindernisse wat ondervind word in die inwerkingstelling van energie besparings inisiatiewe. Maatskappye het in die algemeen nie ‘n gestruktureerde metode om die probleem rakende nie-noodsaaklike krag aan te spreek nie. Hulle is nie bewus van die nut wat sulke inisiatiewe kan hê op korporatiewe verantwoordelikheid en volhoubare verslaggewing nie. Die voordele wat energiebesparing en die eliminering van nie-noodsaaklike krag op die ekonomie, gemeenskap en omgewing het, word nie duidelik geboekstaaf nie. Verdere navorsing moet gedoen word om die impak van energiedoeltreffendheid en nie-noodsaaklike krag op die sosiale aspek te bewys. Die uitwerking wat kragopwekking op die globale omgewing het is nog nie bereken en verbind met die waarde daarvan op kragbesparing nie. Die verslag beklemtoon dat maatskappye fokus op langtermyn inisiatiewe in plaas daarvan om te kyk na kleiner inisiatiewe wat minder moeite en tyd sal verg. Die ondersoek by die mynmaatskappy het getoon dat daar nie klem geplaas is op die onderskeiding tussen nie-noodsaaklike en noodsaaklike krag met die installering van die elektriese stroombane tydens die ontwerpstadium nie. Daar is gevind dat die afskakeling van nie-noodsaaklike krag ekonomiese en omgewingsvoordele vir die maatskappy inhou. Daar is tot die slotsom gekom dat die afskakeling van nie-noodsaaklike krag in die algemeen dus ‘n voordelige uitwerking het op die ekonomie en omgewing. Dit is maklik om te implementeer met minimum moeite en belegging. Die besparings deur middel van hierdie inisiatiewe kan ook maklik gemeet word om die opbrengs op die belegging te bereken.

Where does my individual responsibility for the environment start and end? Should I be responsible for environmental stress in India only because my shoes were produced there, or for climate change that endangers species in Antarctica, or rising sea levels on Pacific islands which just might have been caused by my driving? What do I need to do if I think it is my responsibility? And how do I decide which is a better alternative from an environmental point of view? Who should I trust when deciding on what action to take, and what opportunities do I need for acting?This multidisciplinary thesis takes the politicization of everyday household activities due to environmental consequences, and individualization of responsibility, as its starting points. These points make it increasingly important to understand what responsibility individuals experience, and how they act in accordance with these perceptions. The present thesis is a qualitative study with 28 Swedish households that concern how the householders express responsibility for the environment through their everyday activities, partly by claiming to be “environmentally conscious”, and how they attempt to exert political influence. The study contributes to the discussion on the wide field of sustainable development and environmental politics. It deals specifically with the ways four Swedish municipalities (Gothenburg, Huddinge, Piteå and Växjö) attempt to influence what the householders do in the private sphere when it comes to implementing sustainable development, and what opportunities and they supply, and what expectations they have on householders. The study thereby discusses the possibility to interfere in the perceived private sphere, and different ways to participate politically. / Sustainable households: activities, research, policies

A presente pesquisa procura contribuir para a Gestão Ambiental Municipal através dos seguintes objetivos: a investigação dos problemas ambientais em uma cidade de médio porte, São Carlos, e a viabilidade de aplicação do modelo de Sistema de Gestão Ambiental proposto pela ISO 14001, na Prefeitura da mesma cidade. O levantamento dos problemas ambientais munucipais foi feito através do uso de indicadores ambientais, baseados em algumas diretrizes estipuladas pela ISO 14031 - Avaliação do Desempenho Ambiental (ADA). Esta etapa do estudo foi comprometida pela carência de valores de referência, para a maioria dos indicadores urbanos, considerando as particularidades das cidades. Apesar disto foi possível conhecer a dinâmica e alguns problemas ambientais municipais. Já a viabilidade de aplicação da ISO 14001 na Prefeitura, foi estudada através da aplicação de questionário em diversas Secretarias Municipais, abordando procedimentos comuns em um Sistema de Gestão Geral e um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental. Foi constatado que apesar da existência de alguns procedimentos bem desenvolvidos na Prefeitura de São Carlos, a maioria não está completamente implantada. / The goal of this work was to contribute to Municipal Environmental Management assessing the following aspects: the investigation of the environmental problems of a medium sized city, São Carlos, and determining if an environmental management system based on ISO 14001 could be applied to the Prefecture of this city. The investigation of the environmental problems was carried out using environmental indicators, based on guidelines stated in the ISO 14031 - Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE). This stage was compromised by a lack of reference values, for most urban indicators, considering cities\' particularities. But this stage allowed us to know the process of some environmental problems. The application of ISO 14001 at São Carlos Prefecture was assessed using a questionnaire addressing common procedures of both the General Management System and the Environmental Management System. Although the existance of some well implemented procedures in São Carlos Prefecture was detected, the majority of then was not fully implemented.

Em muitos países e principalmente no Brasil, compostos oxigenados tais como etanol e metil terta-butil-éter (MTBE) têm sido adicionados à gasolina em cerca de 26% do seu volume para aumentar a octanagem do motor e diminuir a emissão de monóxido de carbono e os níveis de ozônio na atmosfera. O derramamento de tais gasolinas, referidas como gasolina oxigenada tem um efeito cosolvente, provocando um aumento da concentração dos hidrocarbonetos na água subterrânea. A taxa de dissolução em água da gasolina oxigenada, que é dependente das propriedades químicas dos compostos orgânicos, determinam o grau e a severidade de contaminação da água subterrânea nas vizinhanças do derramamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar e quantificar o potencial de contaminação da água subterrânea e de solos arenosos residuais dos arenitos da Formação Botucatu por derramamento de gasolina oxigenada. As análises realizadas buscam fornecer dados para a modelagem numérica em casos envolvendo derramamento de gasolina. Ensaios de equilíbrio em lote e de dissolução em colunas foram realizados objetivando a determinação da concentração aquosa de hidrocarbonetos da gasolina em equilíbrio de fases e a avaliação do tempo estimado para total dissolução em água dos hidrocarbonetos da gasolina pura. Ambos os ensaios analisaram também o efeito cosolvente do etanol na mistura. Verificou-se a validade da lei de Raoult e do modelo log-linear na determinação da concentração aquosa da gasolina pura e oxigenada. Em colunas de solos não saturados avaliou-se a difusão na fase vapor dos compostos orgânicos da gasolina em função do tempo. Finalizando as análises, fez-se uma simulação numérica do transporte da gasolina em zonas não saturadas fazendo-se uso do programa R-UNSAT. / In many countries and mainly in Brazil oxygenated compounds such as ethanol and MTBE have been added to gasoline up to 26% to increase the octane level and to reduce carbon monoxide and ozone levels in the air. The spill of such gasolines, referred as oxygenated gasoline has a potential cosolvent effect, resulting in an increased groundwater concentration of hydrocarbons. The rate of oxygenated gasoline dissolution, which is dependent of the chemical properties of the compounds, determines the degree and severity of groundwater contamination in the vicinity of the spill. The goal of this research was to analyze and to quantify the potential of contamination of the groundwater and of the residual sandy soils from Botucatu sandstone due to the spill of oxigenated gasoline. The performed analysis supply data to the numerical model in case of gasoline spills. Laboratory batch and column leaching tests were carried out in order to determine the equilibrium aqueous concentration of the hydrocarbons compounds of gasoline and to evaluate the time scale for aqueous dissolution of the hydrocarbons compounds. Both tests have analyzed the cosolvent effect of ethanol in the mixture. It was verified the validity of the Raoult's law and the log-linear cosolvency model to estimate the solubility of the hydrocarbons compounds from unamended gasoline and from oxygenated gasoline. Column tests with unsaturated undisturbed soil samples were carried out to investigate the vapor-phase diffusion of aromatic hydrocarbons compounds with time. Finally the transport of gasoline in unsaturated zones was simulated with the R-UNSAT model.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:45:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIANA ALEXANDRA PEREIRA CARVALHO BARCO.pdf: 3072847 bytes, checksum: 5e48c20d249c9a5be4c364408d95ba9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-27 / This research part of the begin that the world environmental crisis allied to the excessive generation of solid residues has been motivating a series of conflicts and problems related to the urban solid residues. In that context, this work presents a qualitative study of the life path, work and health of workers living from recycling garbage in the modern society. The theme is justified due to the high number of those workers in every country and the reality of social exclusion/insertion in your life paths and work, consequence of the fragility of the social supports. The vision that frames the catadores of materials objecteding recycled how excluded social, the research discusses this category while useful workers, fundamental links of a chain of the reciclagem in the country, although marginalized and not recognized socially. The research was accomplished by documental analysis and glimpses workers that participate of selective collection in reciclagem deposits close to and in autonomous way in the streets of Goiânia-GO. The interpretation of the research verified that, with relationship to the workers, the precariousness of the relationships of the work exists, such as the lack of physical structure, equipments, registration in work wallet, low wages, besides problems with the traffic. The analysis of data appears for the need of looking for a partnership among being able to municipal-society-workers living from recycling garbage, as a strategy capable to solve the established problems around the urban garbage. / Esta pesquisa parte do principio de que a crise ambiental mundial aliada à excessiva geração de resíduos sólidos tem motivado uma série de conflitos e problemas relacionados aos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta um estudo qualitativo da trajetória de vida, trabalho e saúde de Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis na sociedade moderna. O tema se justifica devido ao elevado número desses trabalhadores em todo país e a realidade de exclusão/inserção social em suas trajetórias de vida e trabalho, conseqüência da fragilidade dos suportes sociais. Contestando a visão que enquadra os catadores de materiais recicláveis como excluídos sociais, a pesquisa discute esta categoria enquanto trabalhadores úteis, elos fundamentais de uma cadeia da reciclagem no país, ainda que marginalizados e não reconhecidos socialmente. A pesquisa foi realizada mediante análise documental e entrevistas junto a catadores que participam de coleta seletiva em depósitos de reciclagem e de maneira autônoma nas ruas de Goiânia-GO. A interpretação da pesquisa constatou que, com relação aos catadores, existe uma precarização das relações do trabalho, tais como a falta de estrutura física, equipamentos, registro em carteira de trabalho, baixos salários, além de problemas com o trânsito. A análise de dados aponta para a necessidade de se buscar uma parceria entre poder municipal-sociedade-catadores de material recicláveis, como uma estratégia capaz de solucionar os problemas estabelecidos em torno do lixo urbano.

Esta tese traz contribuições para a formulação do problema de atendimento de necessidades por energia, relacionadas à eletricidade e combustíveis no caso brasileiro. A argumentação pela expansão crescente da oferta de energia é expressão corrente no senso comum, nas agências de notícias, nos discursos oficiais e nos vários planos apresentados à sociedade, e se apóia nas ideologias do progresso e do desenvolvimento econômico. A busca por legitimação desse processo expansivo e acelerado passa por conceitos como soberania nacional, segurança energética e pela inserção do país como protagonista econômico no cenário Latino Americano. Os empreendimentos de infraestrutura na área de energia são intensivos na utilização dos recursos naturais, provocam deslocamentos populacionais importantes e deixam consequências e registro volumoso e inequívoco de passivos sociais e ambientais na historiografia e na sociologia relacionadas à energia. Neste trabalho faz-se um retrospecto das relações entre empresas privadas, estatais e estruturas de governo nos processos de consolidação da geração, produção e distribuição de eletricidade, desde a transição do capitalismo concorrencial ao capitalismo oligopolista-financeiro que encontra, na expansão dos serviços de utilidade pública brasileiros, oportunidade econômica, desde o início do séc. XX. O retrospecto revela similaridades, ao longo do período analisado, tanto na identificação da centralização nas tomadas de decisão e formulação dos problemas relacionados à energia, quanto na relação internacional dos fluxos de capital e de produtos primários de exportação, presença das grandes empresas estrangeiras constituídas mundialmente em rede e na caracterização do repertório de vantagens comparativas que o Brasil apresenta. Há novidades contemporâneas: outra forma de legitimação aparece, a da matriz energética mais limpa, baseada na hidroeletricidade como conversão de energia limpa e renovável. As descobertas recentes de gigantescos volumes de hidrocarbonetos na camada do Pré-sal, sua provável utilização e o acúmulo dos estudos das consequências ambientais e sociais da consolidação da indústria da hidroeletricidade brasileira, no entanto, vão de encontro a essa argumentação. Utilizamos o termo fetichismo da oferta expansiva de energia, pois os processos de legitimação do discurso da necessidade energética supera o sentido ontológico e procura amparo nas estruturas sociais, tornando sua oferta crescente como algo naturalizado. Produz-se um quadro de referência sobre os problemas identificados nos processos de licenciamento ambiental em três projetos hidrelétricos (Santo Antonio, Jirau, e Belo Monte) e a partir deles são identificadas outras necessidades: a de mudanças institucionais, de leis ambientais e de proteção dos direitos de populações tradicionais e indígenas, atribuições do Ministério Público. Mudanças que aparecem para tornar célere os processos de licenciamento ambiental, particularmente os relacionados com o avanço da fronteira energética na Amazônia. As críticas e as reações ao processo expansivo, algumas oficialmente expostas nos processos de licenciamento ambiental e outras advindas dos movimentos e organizações de ameaçados, atingidos e organizações ambientalistas, são interpretadas como obstáculos. Surgem as subversões porque a formulação do problema de equacionamento da oferta é intrinsecamente expansivo e avesso a soluções fora do repertório e enredo de que o quadro futuro é expansão do quadro presente. A garantia de suprimento, sempre ameaçada pelas chamadas crises de fornecimento se torna objeto central, ora nega, ora estimula a termoeletricidade. Ora aceita, ora rejeita a moldura da legislação ambiental. O problema deixa de ser energético para ser um problema de acumulação e permanece ambiental no sentido das consequências que se ampliam. Em ambos os casos, descritos os fluxos de financiamento e comércio internacional e as mudanças institucionais em curso, se caracteriza como problema político e não necessariamente brasileiro. / This thesis reflects on the formulation of the problem of responding to the needs for energy, related to electricity and fuels in the Brazilian case. The argument for the increasing expansion of the energy supply is current expression in the common sense, in the news agencies, in the official discourse, and in the various plans presented to the society, and it rests on ideologies of progress and economic development. The search for legitimacy of this fast process of expansion encompasses concepts such as national sovereignty, energy security, as well as the increasing importance of the country as a leading economic player in the Latin America scenario. The infrastructure projects in the energy area are intensive in the use of natural resources, causing major population displacements and produce consequences and voluminous and unequivocal records of social and environmental liabilities to the historiography and sociology related to energy. This thesis presents a retrospect of the relationship between private, state and government structures in the consolidation processes of generation, production and distribution of electricity, starting on the transition from the concorrential capitalism to the financial-oligopolistic capitalism, which finds economic opportunities in the expansion of utilities in Brazil, since the beginning of the century XX. The retrospect reveals similarity to the current situation both in the identification of centralization in decision making and formulation of problems related to energy, as well as in the international relations of the flows of capital and the export of primary products, the presence of large foreign companies established worldwide in network and the characterization of the repertoire of comparative advantages that Brazil presents. There are contemporary news: another form of legitimacy appears; the cleaner sources of energy portfolio, based on the hydroelectricity as a clean and renewable form of energy conversion. The recent discoveries of huge volumes of hydrocarbons in the pre-salt layer, their likely use and the growing number of studies on environmental and social consequences of the consolidation of Brazilian hydroelectricity industry, however, go against this argument. We use the term fetishism of the expansive energy supply, because the processes of legitimacy of the discourse of energy demand exceeds the ontological sense and seeks refuge in social structures, making its permanently growing supply as something given. It produces a reference framework about the obstacle identified in the environmental licensing processes in three hydroelectric projects (Santo Antonio, Jirau and Belo Monte) and then identifies other needs: institutional changes in environmental laws and the protection of rights of traditional and indigenous populations - the roles of the Public Ministry. They appear in order to make the environmental licensing processes faster, particularly those related to the advancement of energy frontier in the Amazon. The criticisms and reactions to the expansion process, some of them officially exposed in the process of environmental licensing, and others arising from social movements and associations of the threatened, affected people and from environmental organizations, are interpreted as obstacles. The subversions arise because the formulation of the response to the energy supply is intrinsically expansive and it is contrary to solutions outside of the repertoire and plot that states the future scenario is an expansion of present scenario. The security of supply, always threatened by the so-called \"supply crises\" becomes the central object, and it sometimes denies and sometimes stimulates the thermal electricity. It sometimes accepts and sometimes rejects the framework of the environmental legislation. The problem is no longer a problem of energy, becomes a problem of accumulation, and it remains an environmental problem in the sense of the growing consequences. In both cases, described the flow of international trade and finance and the ongoing institutional changes, the problem becomes political and not necessarily Brazilian.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-08-01T19:09:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissACS.pdf: 1847820 bytes, checksum: 6a0a1eef21a3666eb85406587def8d35 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T14:08:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissACS.pdf: 1847820 bytes, checksum: 6a0a1eef21a3666eb85406587def8d35 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T14:08:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissACS.pdf: 1847820 bytes, checksum: 6a0a1eef21a3666eb85406587def8d35 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T14:15:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissACS.pdf: 1847820 bytes, checksum: 6a0a1eef21a3666eb85406587def8d35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / This research has as the object of its study the political construction of the Protocolo Agroambiental Paulista, a regulation established by UNICA and by Secretarias do Meio Ambiente e de Agricultura e Abastecimento do estado de São Paulo in the year 2007. The proposal of this regulation consisted in “adjusting the behavior” of the sugar-ethanol sector in face of a range of opposing arguments, especially in relation to the burning of cane fields in São Paulo, as brought up by public opinion. It was noticed that, strategically, this was not only a way of reverting the image of social-environmental degradation that is usually attributed to the production of sugarcane, but also such regulation would favor a diminishment of the criticisms raised against this sector. As so, the production of Ethanol was supported for it being a green type of fuel, but without fully breaking the logic of monoculture. The relationship between the State, the economy, the environment and society turned out to be fruitful to accomplish the goal of this research, which was to interpret the political construction of such protocol positioning the statements and absence of social groups and sectors that would be directly interested in the signing of such document. The hypothesis raised here, which was verified, is that the Protocolo Agroambiental would contribute to the maintenance of the burning of the cane fields in São Paulo. This investigation and its conclusions were possible through a methodology that favored a qualitative approach of social research, including bibliographical research, document analysis as well as a series of semi-structured interviews conducted with the main interest agents of this research. / A pesquisa em tela toma como objeto de estudo a construção política do Protocolo Agroambiental Paulista, uma regulamentação firmada pela UNICA e pelas Secretarias do Meio Ambiente e de Agricultura e Abastecimento do estado de São Paulo no ano de 2007. A proposta desta regulamentação consistiu em “ajustar a conduta” do setor sucroalcooleiro frente ao conjunto de argumentos contrários, principalmente à utilização da prática das queimadas nos canaviais paulistas, elaborado pela opinião pública. Verificou-se que, estrategicamente, mais do que uma tentativa de limpar a imagem de degradação socioambiental atribuída à produção canavieira, tal ajustamento permitiria, ainda, frear as críticas voltadas a esse setor. Com isso, dava-se respaldo à promoção do etanol enquanto um combustível verde com uma maior visibilidade em meio ao cenário de crise ambiental, mas sem, de fato, inverter por completo a lógica da monocultura. Nesses meandros, a relação entre Estado, economia, meio ambiente e sociedade mostrou-se fértil para cumprir o objetivo aqui elencado, qual seja, o de interpretar a construção política do referido protocolo, situando em seu constructo as expressões e as ausências dos grupos e setores sociais diretamente interessados em sua assinatura. Deste modo, a hipótese construída e que pôde ser verificada é a de que o Protocolo Agroambiental contribuiria para a manutenção da possibilidade da prática das queimadas nos canaviais paulistas. Esta investigação e suas conclusões foram possíveis por meio de uma metodologia que privilegiou a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa social, partindo da pesquisa bibliográfica, além da pesquisa e da análise documental, bem como de entrevistas semiestruturadas com alguns dos agentes centrais de interesse da pesquisa.

Die voorbestaan van die mensdom is nou verweef met die toestand waarin die omgewing verkeer. Menslike aktiwiteite het 'n groot impak op die omgewing, terwyl die omgewing weer die mens se lewensgehalte bepaal. Hierdie studie is dan daarop gemik om deur omgewingsopvoeding, die mens te lei tot omgewingsgesonde gedrag met die oog op volhoubare ontwikkeling. Ten einde hierin te slaag, word die verskillende omgewingsprobleme en die redes daarvoor eers uitgeklaar. Daarna word die faktore wat tot omgewingsagteruitgang kan lei, ondersoek. Hieruit blyk duidelik <lat die wereld en die RSA, in die toekoms digter bevolk, meer besoedel, ekologies minder stabiel en daarom meer gevoelig vir natuurrampe gaan word. Soos uit die proefskrif sal blyk kan omgewingsopvoeding 'n positiewe bydrae tot bierdie omgewingsprobleme lewer. Om daarby uit te kom word daar dus eers 'n kort bistoriese oorsig van omgewingsopvoeding gegee. Die rol en bydrae wat enkele internasionale organisasies tot omgewingsbewustheid gelewer het, word ondersoek. Daar word 'n oorsig gegee van verwikkelinge in die RSA en die invloed van die Aardeberaad op omgewingsopvoeding in die RSA, word ontleed. Ten einde outentieke omgewingsopvoeding te vergestalt word aanvaar <lat die mens met sy geboorte in 'n wereld gewerp word waaraan hy slegs met sy dood kan ontsnap. In hierdie gesitueerdheid in die wereld as leefnrimte, moet hy sin aan sy bestaan gee, terwyl hy ook 'n poging moet aanwend om die omgewing te verbeter, as voorsorg vir die oorlewing van toekomstige geslagte. Met inagneming van die opvoedings- en omgewingsrelasie waarin die mens tot sy omgewing staan, word die essensiele kenmerke van omgewingsopvoeding blootgele, ten einde moontlikheidsvoorwaardes te stel vir outentieke omgewingsopvoeding. Besondere Idem word gele op omgewingsgedrag wat volhoubaarheid nastreef. Dit alles kulmineer in omgewingsgesonde gedrag wat as oorkoepelende doelstelling vir omgewingsopvoeding gestel word. Omdat die mens se gedrag teenoor die omgewing bepaal word deur sy omgewingsetiek, word drie verskillende benaderings tot omgewingsetiek onderskei. Klem word gele op die noodsaak van omgewingsgeletterdheid. Ten einde die mens se optrede teenoor die omgewing te probeer verstaan, word drie omgewingsgedragstyle ontleed. Twee wetenskaplike aardgenese-hipoteses word beskryf vir verdere duidelikheid oor omgewingsgedrag. Aan die einde van die studie, word enkele beginsels gestel wat kan lei tot die ontwikkeling van omgewingsgesonde gedrag met die oog op volhoubare voortbestaan. / Mankind's survival is interwoven with the state of the environment. Human activities have a great impact on the environment, while the environment, again, determines the quality of man's life. This study aims to aid mankind, through environmental education, to environmentally sound behaviour with an eye on sustainable development. To attain this, the different environmental problems and their causes, are sorted out first. Then the factors that can lead to environmental degradation are investigated. From this it is quite clear that in the future, the world and the RSA will be more densely populated, become more polluted, be ecologically less stable and will therefore be more sensitive to natural disasters. Because environmental education can make a positive contribution to this, a short historical survey of environmental education is given. The role and contribution of some international organisations is investigated. Developments in the RSA are surveyed and the influence of the Earth Summit on environmental education in the RSA is analysed. At birth, mankind is thrown into a world from where he can escape only at death. In this world in which he has to stay, he must give meaning to his existence, while also trying to improve the environment to guarantee the survival of coming generations. Bearing in mind the educational and environmental relationship between any human being and his environment, the essential characteristics of environmental education are exposed in order to set possible conditions for authentic environmental education. Special emphasis is placed on environmental behaviour aimed at sustainablility. All this culminates in environmentally sound behaviour that acts as the overall aim for environmental education. Because man's environmental ethic determines his behaviour towards the environment, three different approaches to environmental ethics are distinguished. Emphasis is placed on the necessity for environmental literacy. In order to try to understand man's behaviour towards the environment, three styles of environmental behaviour are analysed. For further clarification of environmental behaviour, two scientific earth genesis hipotheses are also described. In conclusion, this study leads to certain principles that can lead to the development of environmentally sound behaviour aimed at the sustainable survival of mankind. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Filosofie van die Opvoeding)

Submitted by MARIANA CRISTINA DA CUNHA SOUZA null (mccunhasouza@hotmail.com) on 2016-02-29T20:10:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Mariana Cristina da Cunha Souza.pdf: 20199017 bytes, checksum: 66b1fbe09a2bc59abda6e12751e8eb80 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-01T13:05:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_mcc_me_prud.pdf: 20199017 bytes, checksum: 66b1fbe09a2bc59abda6e12751e8eb80 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-01T13:05:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_mcc_me_prud.pdf: 20199017 bytes, checksum: 66b1fbe09a2bc59abda6e12751e8eb80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Esta dissertação de mestrado intitulada Diagnóstico Ambiental nas Áreas verdes Públicas em Presidente Prudente (SP) tem como objeto de estudo as áreas verdes públicas da cidade de Presidente Prudente, que enquanto espaços destinados ao uso público desempenham funções específicas na dinâmica urbana, destacando-se a social, a ecológica e a estética. Em relação às suas características, mencionam-se as mais fundamentais como o solo permeável, mobiliário e equipamentos que permitam a realização de atividades físicas, de lazer e esportivas, além da presença marcante na paisagem da vegetação, especialmente, a de porte arbóreo. Por conseguinte, a proposta da dissertação foi elaborada enquanto uma contribuição para os estudos relacionados aos problemas ambientais urbanos, sem negligenciar os processos inerentes à produção do espaço geográfico, uma vez que o objetivo principal foi analisar a qualidade das áreas verdes públicas, tendo como premissa o fato de serem indicadores de qualidade ambiental na escala da cidade, não concebidas de modo imparcial, mas pensadas integralmente aos arranjos socioespaciais, associados às diferentes formas de apropriação e produção do espaço em sociedade. Por meio de uma análise histórico-temporal, foi evidenciado como determinados processos históricos influenciaram nos padrões de qualidade ambiental identificados para as áreas verdes analisadas. No que tange aos procedimentos metodológicos, o levantamento documental e bibliográfico revelou como o espaço na cidade tem sido produzido desde a implantação do seu núcleo urbano inicial. Já o inventário das áreas verdes existentes, etapa possível devido às informações cedidas pela Secretaria de Meio Ambiente (SEMEA), mostrou como as mesmas estão dispostas dentro dos limites do perímetro urbano. Por sua vez, a pesquisa de campo, embasada na ficha de caracterização das áreas verdes, permitiu o conhecimento e a avaliação de indicadores geoambientais relevantes para a análise da dinâmica paisagística e ambiental nas áreas verdes. Os dados obtidos em campo foram sistematizados, organizados e espacializados com o auxílio da ferramenta do sensoriamento remoto, dos sistemas de informações geográficas, de técnicas de geoprocessamento, e pelo emprego do índice de qualidade ambiental nas áreas verdes, sendo de extrema importância no momento da análise, interpretação e apresentação dos resultados finais. Por fim, o diagnóstico da qualidade ambiental nas áreas verdes públicas de Presidente Prudente, enquanto um problema complexo e geográfico se deu pelas correlações estabelecidas entre teoria, metodologia e prática. Os resultados obtidos com esta pesquisa mostram uma relação direta entre processos de ordem histórica e política, e os padrões de qualidade ambiental das áreas verdes públicas avaliadas, corroborando que a produção desigual do espaço urbano interfere de maneira significativa, no modo como os investimentos públicos e privados são direcionados na escala intraurbana. Mais detalhadamente, os resultados demonstram que as áreas verdes melhor avaliadas no desempenho da função ecológica, se concentram no setor sul e oeste; as que obtiveram melhor avaliação no quesito função social estão implantadas no setor norte e leste; aquelas cujas avaliações foram mais positivas, tendo como referência a função estética, localizam-se no setor sul; no conjunto avaliado, as áreas verdes desempenham melhor a função estética, seguida da ecológica e por último a social; os melhores índices de qualidade ambiental nas áreas verdes públicas estão no setor sul e leste; já os piores no setor oeste e norte. Em síntese, os melhores índices de qualidade ambiental foram registrados em setores de inclusão social e/ou de baixa exclusão social; em áreas onde a presença da vegetação arbórea é mais expressiva, os valores do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) são mais próximos de +1, as temperaturas de superfície menos aquecidas, onde o padrão construtivo é a baixa e média densidade de construção atrelada à alta ou média presença de vegetação arbórea, e nos setores que, historicamente, foram valorizados por meio de políticas públicas de reurbanização, cujos investimentos representam uma associação entre poder público e capital privado. / This dissertation titled Environmental Diagnosis of Public Green Areas in Presidente Prudente (SP) has as its object of study public green areas in Presidente Prudente, that while spaces for public use perform specific functions in the urban dynamic, especially the social, ecological and aesthetic. In relation to its characteristics, the most fundamental are referred to as the permeable ground, furniture and equipments that allow you to perform physical activities, leisure and sports, as well as a strong presence in the landscape of vegetation, especially the arboreal size. Therefore, the proposal of the dissertation has been prepared as a contribution to the studies related to urban environmental problems, without neglecting the processes involved in production of geographical space, since the main objective was to analyze the quality of public green areas, with the premise the fact that they are indicators of environmental quality in the city scale, not designed impartially, but thought to the attention of sociospatial arrangements, associated with different forms of ownership and production of the space in society. Through a historical-temporal analysis, we sought to show how certain historical processes influenced the environmental quality standards identified for the green areas analyzed. Regarding the methodological procedures, documentary and literature revealed how the space in the city has been produced since the implementation of its initial urban core. The inventory of existing green areas in the city, can step due to information provided by the Department of Environment showed how they are disposed within the boundaries of urban area. In turn, the field research, based on characterization form in green areas has allowed the knowledge and assessment of relevant geo-environmental indicators for analyzing the landscape and environmental dynamics in the green areas. Data from field were systematized, organized and specialized with the help of remote sensing tools, systems of geographic information and GIS techniques, and the use of environmental quality index in the green areas, being very important in the analysis, interpretation and presentation of the final results. Finally, diagnosis of environmental quality in the public green areas in Presidente Prudente, while a complex and geographic problem occurred by the correlations established between theory, methodology and practice. The results of this research show a direct relationship between historical order processes and political, and environmental quality standards identified for public green areas assessed, showing that uneven production of urban space interferes significantly in the way investments public and private are directed at intra-urban scale. With more details, the results show that the best green areas evaluated the performance of ecological function, are concentrated in the south and west sector; who obtained the best assessment in category social function are deployed in the northern sector and the eastern sector; those whose ratings were more positive, with reference to the aesthetic function, located in the southern sector; the assessed together on the greens better play the aesthetic function, followed by green and finally the social; the best environmental quality indices in public green areas are in the south and east sector industry; already the worst in western and northern sector. Objectively, the highest rates were recorded in sectors of social inclusion and/or low social exclusion; in areas where the presence of trees is more significant, the values of vegetation index (NDVI) are closer to +1, surface temperatures less heated, where the constructive pattern is the low and medium building density linked to high or medium presence of arboreal vegetation, and in sectors that historically have been valued through public policy redevelopment, whose investments represent a partnership between government and private capital. / CNPq: 152381/2014-7

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:06:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 chaves_r_dr_rcla.pdf: 4450489 bytes, checksum: 5b01117c004393f9739519688d967670 (MD5) / Este texto foca as relações de poder-saber e os dispositivos advindos de tais relações que se põem diante do desenvolvimento de práticas educativas constituídas a partir de cenários investigativos, com o propósito de intervir em problemas socioambientais locais. Tais práticas são apresentadas, a partir de um viés libertário, como forma de afrontamento e desestabilização aos dispositivos de controle do ensino tradicional de matemática, que serve à pedagogia panóptica e à ideologia do capital, defensora de uma educação voltada para o consumo. Os objetivos destas práticas são: estrategicamente, subverter o que está posto pelo modelo panóptico de educação; taticamente, pensando globalmente e agindo localmente, intervindo em problemas locais para minimizar os impactos socioambientais que degradam o planeta e nos submetem a valores, preconceitos e discursos de submissão e não-liberdade. Mais do que um grito em prol da liberdade, as práticas propostas visam romper com valores que nos atrelam ao instinto de rebanho comprometendo-se com a construção de conhecimentos em prol da liberdade enquanto fim. O respeito à vida, ao indivíduo e, conseqüentemente, ao meio ambiente são princípios balizadores deste trabalho, da mesma forma que o afrontamento ao autoritarismo. / This thesis focuses on power-knowledge relations and the control mechanisms that are in place in those relations, relations that oppose the development of educational practices built within investigative landscapes, proposed with the aim of intervening on socio and environmental local problems. Such practices are presented from a libertarian perspective, as a way to confront and destabilize the control mechanisms of traditional mathematics teaching, which serves a panoptical pedagogy and the ideology of the Capital. The objectives of those practices are: strategically, to subvert what is pushed by the panoptical educational model; tactically, to think globally and to act locally, intervening on local problems, aiming at minimizing the social and environmental impact of situations that degrade life in the planet and subject us to values, prejudices and discourses of submission and non-freedom. More than a cry for freedom, the proposed practices want to break links that attach us to the instinct of herd, committing themselves with the production of knowledge in favor of freedom taken as an end. Respect for life, the individual and, consequently, the environment, are the principles guiding this work, as well as confronting authoritarianism.