21世紀的的台灣消費環境隨著國民所得的提昇已經逐漸轉型到體驗經濟的時代，美學經濟己植入在各行各業的行銷方案之中，因此，國人在感受到改變之下對於生活更加講究，消費者已經從重視商品的性能與效益轉而為追求除了基本價值外的感受價值，而此感受的價值不再是免費的，決策的行為也由理性的決策行為轉向理性與情感並重的消費者行為。故現代的企業運用情境、顧客喜好的消費體驗，為顧客打造ㄧ個有價值的體驗，稱之為體驗行銷。體驗行銷是進入體驗經濟後的一個重要趨勢，企業可以藉由感官、情感、思考、行動、關聯五種體驗來提高消費者的價值認知。 本研究以營養俱樂部部早餐店為研究對象，研究方法採用便利抽樣方式進行調查，透過量化與質化探討體驗行銷的策略體驗模組SEMs和體驗價值、顧客滿意度、顧客忠誠度三者間的關係，並提出實務的體驗行銷建言。 研究發現如下： 一、透過適當的「策略體驗模組」可正向強化不同構面的「體驗價值」。 二、「體驗價值」對「顧客滿意度」具有顯著正向相關關係，影響程度依序為消費者投資報酬、美感、趣味性和卓越服務。 三、「體驗價值」對「顧客忠誠度」具有顯著正向相關關係，影響程度依序為趣味性、消費者投資報酬、美感和卓越服務。 四、顧客滿意度可以有效預測顧客忠誠度。 五、部份的人口統計變項對「體驗價值」有顯著差異。 六、人口統計變項對「策略體驗模組」、「顧客滿意度」和「顧客忠誠度」無 顯著差異。 / With the economic development and the improvement in the standard of living by growing income, the economic moves to Experiential economic gradually. The Esthetics economic imbedded into the marketing plan in the most of kind of industries. Therefore, people are more care about the living quality, change their focus from features and benefits to experiential value, so that the experiential value will not be the free offer anymore, the behavior of making purchasing decision changes from rationality to a combination with feeling. Corporate operates with the occasional customer preferences to create experiential value for customers. That is called “Experiential Marketing”, it is an important trend in the current experiential economic. Corporate improve the value for customers by five strategic experiential marketing models - Sense, Feel, Think, Act and Relate. This case study is targeting to Nutrition Club, analyzing the relations of SEMs (Sense, Feel, Think, Act and Relate), Experiential Value, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty. Providing the practical suggestions to the club base on the analysis result. The key findings are below: 1. By choosing right modules of SEMs can positively predict or influence al aspects of Experiential value. 2. The Experiential value can positively predict and influences to customer satisfaction, the sequence of the influencing are CROI, Aesthetics, Playfulness and Service Excellence. 3. The Experiential value can positively predict and influences to customer loyalty, the sequence of the influencing are Playfulness, CROI, Aesthetics and Service Excellence. 4. Customer satisfaction can positively predict customer loyalty. 5. Demographics variables have partially significant difference on Experiential value. 6. Demographics variables have no significant difference on SEMs, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty.

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Le problème de la sédentarité représente aujourd’hui un des grands enjeux mondiaux et est considéré par l’OMS et l’ONU comme la première cause de mortalité liée aux maladies non transmissibles. Dans le même temps, bien que l’exercice physique se soit révélé comme la meilleure parade contre ces maux, la plupart des consommateurs évoquent une série de freins pour adopter sa pratique régulière.L’objet de cette thèse est de proposer des approches alternatives basées sur le concept de la valeur perçue en marketing qui s’est révélé dans le cas des autres types de biens et services comme un élément permettant de motiver et de fidéliser les consommateurs.Nous avons abordé les sources de la valeur perçue par le consommateur dans le cas du marketing de la personnalisation, du marketing communautaire et du marketing expérientiel dont nous avons intégré les différentes facettes dans une approche combinatoire pour proposer la notion de composante de l’exercice en tant que trade-off entre les coûts et les bénéfices.Nous avons également validé que, d’une part, les valeurs perçues des différentes composantes liées à la pratique de l’exercice se combinaient pour former la valeur globale perçue de l’exercice, et que, d’autre part, celle-ci influençait in fine l’intention de pratiquer régulièrement l’exercice et de le recommander.Les résultats de la recherche nous ont permis de suggérer que l’offre d’exercice devrait être proposée comme un menu à la carte afin de faciliter le processus décisionnel des consommateurs et ainsi les motiver et les fidéliser à la pratique. / Nowadays, the problem of physical inactivity is one of the major global issues and it is considered by the WHO and the UN as the leading cause of mortality due to non-communicable diseases. At the same time, although the physical exercise has proven to be the best way to fight against these sicknesses, most of the consumers evoke a series of barriers against the adoption of regular exercise.The purpose of this thesis is to propose alternative approaches based on the concept of perceived value in marketing which has proven to be a good tool to motivate and retain consumers in the frame of other types of goods and services.We focused on the sources of consumer perceived value in personalized marketing, community marketing and experiential marketing, the aspects of which were integrated in a combinatorial approach, the aim of this method being to propose the concept of the exercise composite variable as a trade-off between costs and benefits.We confirmed that the perceived values of the different composites of the practice of exercise combined to form the overall perceived value of the exercise. In addition, we also confirmed that this overall perceived value of the exercise ultimately influenced the consumer’s intent to practice regular exercise and to recommend it.The results of this research allowed us to suggest that the offer of exercise should be made as à la carte menu in order to facilitate consumers’ decision-making process and so to motivate and to retain them.

表演藝術為富涵社會文化價值之資產之一，然由於國內的藝術消費量偏低、政府補助及企業贊助等收入來源的不確定，使得表演藝術團體面臨營運上的困境，為在藝術行銷的幫助下，藉體驗行銷的觀念與架構分析觀眾的消費行為，瞭解影響其表演藝術消費體驗的因素與評估準則，以達成藝術價值與商業市場間的平衡，真正改善表演團體的營運狀況。 本研究經由表演藝術消費體驗之相關文獻，歸納出影響體驗之美學、社會、經驗及知名度等四大因素：美學因素涵蓋涉入程度與產品知識，社會因素包括社會地位、個人形象、參考群體以及家庭教育，經驗因素包括兒童及青少年時期經驗與前次經驗，知名度因素則探討表演團體的創作面與表演面的知名度。再藉由體驗的觀念劃分消費體驗的組成，進而納入表演藝術的特性與體驗評估的概念，發展含括表演本身、外在目的及表演團體之三大評估標的，並以消費者的滿意度為總衡量指標。在連結諸因素、消費與衡量準則間的關係後，形成動機、體驗、及評估的完整消費行為架構，並依研究目的劃分為影響表演藝術消費之因素模式與體驗評估模式兩大研究架構，以驗證相關之假說，釐清各項影響因素與表演藝術消費量、消費類型、及滿意度間的關係。 相較於過去大多數文獻的探索性研究，本研究以問卷調查法進行量化之分析，以台北市音樂、戲劇、舞蹈、及戲曲四大表演藝術節目類型之消費者為研究母體，於民國90年的2-4月間，自18場演出的觀眾中便利抽樣，由發出之5,250份問卷中，回收有效問卷897份。在實證分析上，將四大類別的表演藝術消費者個別進行統計分析之假說檢定，再將各類資料彙整以整合模式分析，最後以所有模式中顯著項目的比較，進行本研究假說的驗證。 研究結果發現：消費者的產品知識、擁有偏好藝術的朋友數目、自我認知的社會地位、兒童及青少年時期的接觸經驗、家庭成員的藝術消費量、及表演團體的知名度等，與表演藝術的消費量成正相關；消費者對藝術的涉入程度、及早期經驗中接觸的藝術類型，影響目前消費表演藝術的類型；消費者對藝術的涉入程度、參考群體的意見、及消費者的觀賞經驗，影響評估標的的重要性及整體滿意度，同時，上述之研究結果因四大表演藝術類型消費者之不同，而有類別上的差異。因此，根據本研究結果，進而納入體驗行銷的執行觀念，對整體表演藝術界及四大類別的表演團體提出不同行銷策略上之建議，並可作為政府在制訂文化政策時的參考，同時在學術貢獻上更進一步為表演藝術消費行為及體驗行銷的研究領域，豐富了彼此的內涵。 / Performing arts is one of the cultural assets in the society. However, due to the low consumption in arts and uncertainties of subsidies from the government and corporations, performing arts groups are now facing obstacles in operation. By employing the framework of Experiential Marketing, the paper aims to analyze the consuming behavior of audiences in the respects of the factors that influence the performing arts experiences and the evaluating criteria. With the sound understanding on the target customers, the performing arts groups, thus, will be able to reach the balance of arts value and market revenue by the assistance of arts marketing. According to literature, the study consolidates four factors that influence performing arts experiences; they are aesthetic factor, social factor, experiential factor, and brand-awareness factor, each of which represents different concepts. Aesthetic factor contains involvement and product knowledge. Social factor includes social status, self-image, reference group and family education. Experiential factor consists of childhood/adolescent experiences and the last viewing experience. Brand-awareness factor refers to creation-brand and acting-brand of the performing arts group. Incorporating the consumption experience characteristics, performing arts traits, and experience-evaluated concepts, the study develops three evaluating targets including performance, outside purpose, and performing arts group in the evaluation model, whereas consumer satisfaction is regarded as the indicator. By connecting the factors, consumption, and the evaluating criteria, the framework represents a complete consumer behavior process. To testify the related hypothesis, research framework is divided into factor model and evaluation model. Unlike most of the literature, which employs exploratory research methods, this study uses quantitative method to investigate audiences of music, theatre, dance, and traditional drama in Taipei. Convenience sampling was undertaken in releasing the questionnaire in 18 performances during February and April in the year of 2001. 897 valid consumer data out of the released 5, 250 is collected. In statistics process, four types of audience data are first separated into 4 different models, and then combined into a full model. Hypothesis verified is through outcome comparison of the five models. The result indicates that: product knowledge of the consumer, numbers of friends fond of arts, self-cognition on the social status, childhood/ adolescent arts-related experiences, arts consumption of family members and brand-awareness of performing arts group are all positively related to performing arts consumption. Arts-involvement, satisfaction of the reference group, and the last viewing experience of consumer affect the importance of evaluating targets and total consumer satisfaction. Four aesthetic types of audiences are found different in these outcomes. In conclusion, combining the result and the strategies of Experiential Marketing, the study proposes some suggestions in marketing strategies to four types of performing arts groups. Meanwhile, the research may serve as an implication for the government in formulating the national cultural policy. Furthermore, the research enriches the academic fields both on arts consumer behavior and Experiential Marketing.

在體驗經濟時代，體驗行銷成為企業行銷的新手段。企業從最初注重產品與服務品質，轉向注重消費者在消費商品過程中對產品與服務的整體感受。企業試圖與消費者進行情感對話，通過引導消費者參與體驗活動獲取消費者對產品、服務、品牌的滿意與忠誠。Apple作為世界“最有價值”品牌之一，與其成功運用體驗行銷手段關係密切。它的成功引發了本研究之最初動機。本文通過對Apple 大型體驗店之顧客進行調查研究，採實證探討方式，研究了體驗行銷、體驗價值、顧客滿意與忠誠度的關係。最後得到以下分析結果： 1. 體驗行銷、體驗價值各構面之內涵比較顯示： (1)體驗行銷五個構面中，情感體驗的影響力最高；思考體驗的影響力相對最弱。(2)體驗價值四個構面中，服務優越性給體驗者的影響力最高；美感的影響力相對最低。 2. 人口變項對體驗價值、顧客滿意度與顧客忠誠度有部分顯著關係。 3. 體驗行銷、體驗價值對顧客滿意度、顧客忠誠度有顯著關係。體驗行銷對體驗價值有部分顯著關係，其中以情感體驗與服務優越性相關程度最高。體驗行銷對顧客滿意度與顧客忠誠度有正向顯著關係，其中以情感體驗對顧客滿意度相關度較高，感官體驗與顧客忠誠度相關度較高。體驗價值對顧客滿意度與顧客忠誠度有正向顯著關係，其中以服務優越性對顧客滿意度相關度最高。顧客滿意度與顧客忠誠度高度相關。 / In the era of Experience Economy, Experiential Marketing becomes a new popular marketing means for enterprise. While the enterprise initially focus on product and service quality, now they pay more attention to the overall consumer feelings than consumer goods themselves in the consuming process. Enterprise attempt to make dialogues with consumer feelings and ask consumer for experience, in order to build the brand of satisfaction and loyalty. "Apple" as one of most valuable brand in the world, has a close relationship with the adoption of Experiential Marketing. Its success sparked the initial motive of this study. This research used one of the Apple largest experiential shops as a case to study the relationships of Experiential Marketing, Experiential Value, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty. Finally we got the following results: 1. The comparison between the various dimensions of Experiential Marketing and Experiential Value showed that: (1)In the five dimensions of Experiential Marketing, the Feel experience has the strongest impact while the Think experience has weakest.(2) In the four dimensions of Experiential Value, Service Excellence has the strongest impact while the Aesthetics experience value has lowest. 2. Population variations have some significant relationship to Experiential Value, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty 3. Experiential Marketing and Experiential Value have significant relationship to Customer Satisfaction and Customer loyalty. Experiential Marketing has some significant relationship with Experiential Value, among which Feel experience has the highest relationship to Service Excellence. Experiential Marketing has positive significant relationship to Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty, among which Feel experience has highest relationship to Customer Satisfaction, and correlation experience with Customer Loyalty. Experience Value has positive significant relationship to Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty, among which Service Excellence has highest relationship to Customer Satisfaction, and Customer Satisfaction with Customer Loyalty.

觀光產業為缺乏自然資源的離島縣份—澎湖縣的重要經濟來源，而自2003年開始舉辦的澎湖花火節，為提振澎湖觀光收入與打造菊島觀光特色的重要觀光節慶之一，然而近年來由於規模縮小、活動內容缺乏在地特色，且同類型競爭者頻出的狀況下，花火節的效益受到不少質疑。作為澎湖最富盛名的觀光節慶活動，花火節是否依舊能對遊客有足夠的吸引力，並結合澎湖在地文化創造出對於遊客來說具有差異性的特別體驗？本研究擬採用體驗行銷作為理論基礎，以量化的調查法輔以質化的焦點團體訪談法，探究澎湖花火節給予遊客體驗之現況，了解其體驗對遊客滿意度及維繫遊客忠誠度的影響，並就得以補強改進之部份提出實務上的建議。研究結果顯示，體驗行銷模組中之感官體驗、思考體驗及行動體驗對顧客滿意度有顯著正向關聯，而感官體驗、思考體驗及關聯體驗對顧客忠誠度間有顯著正向關聯，而顧客滿意度對顧客忠誠度亦有正向關聯。差異性分析方面，人口統計變項及旅遊特性變項均有部份對體驗行銷、顧客滿意度及顧客忠誠度達到顯著差異。焦點團體訪談之結果大部分與量化結果相符，受訪者指出澎湖花火節的煙火聲光效果是類似活動中最佳，但其是否能與在地文化做結合才是主要考量重遊的因素，節目及週邊設施的規劃也需要改善。建議往後澎湖花火節應融入澎湖在地特色，以增加活動與澎湖本身之連結，並進一步提昇體驗；活動的基礎設施與流程管理也應加強，並增加節目的多元性與互動性，以符合不同特性遊客的需求。 / Tourism industry plays a key role in the economy of Penghu County, which lacks natural resources to develop other industries. The Penghu Fireworks Festival, which has been held annually since 2003, is the most important tourism event to help increase the income of tourism and build the special characteristics of the county as a tourism destination, but recently the effect of the event has been doubted because of the shrink of its scale, the lack of authentic localism, and the rise of many imitating competitors. Does the event still have the competitiveness against others to attract tourists? Is there any possibility to bring some local culture in the event to provide extraordinary experience for the tourists? Schmitt’s Experiential Marketing theories is used in this study as the theoretical base to examine the experience of the Penghu Fireworks Festival both quantitatively and qualitatively. Survey method is performed to find out the relationships between the main variables, which are experiential marketing, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. A following focus group discussion is then operated to gain further insights about the outcome of the survey. The result shows that sense, think, and act experiential modules are positively correlated to customer satisfaction. Sense, think, and relate modules are positively correlated to customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction and loyalty also have a positive correlation. ANOVA analysis indicates that differences of experience, customer satisfaction and loyalty among different demographic and tourism variables are partially significant. The result of the focus group discussion is similar to the quantitative analysis. The sensory performance of the Penghu Fireworks Festival is the best among similar events, but what really makes the tourists revisit is whether the event is designed with local culture elements. The content of the shows every night, the event settings and the management system have to be improved as well. Local elements of Penghu should be used as the theme of the festval to make it more relevant to the tourism destination, and to enhance the experience. Physical setting and process of the event should be improved. The content of the event also needs more diversity and interactivity, in order to satisfy the needs of different tourists.

在今日，有愈來愈多的顧客、經理人與學者開始了解體驗的重要性。對顧客來說，他們不再只是消費產品或服務，他們開始重視置身於商店時，所感受到的體驗感，並且顧客也願意花錢購買體驗。對管理者來說，他們致力於營造觸動人心與具吸引力的體驗，並嘗試全面地管理顧客與公司接觸的每一項體驗。從學者的觀點來看，認為體驗是一種經濟商品，消費體驗是可以被企業塑造的，學者們指出經濟的重心開始轉移為體驗，這呼應了正在蓬勃發展的體驗產業。 然而，探討體驗本質的實證研究仍然不多，本研究界定兩個研究焦點來探索顧客體驗：（1）研究顧客體驗的情感面，（2）所研究的體驗乃是發生於精心設計之服務場景。研究目的有二，其一為從顧客觀點探討顧客體驗的本質：根據消費者深入訪談的結果，歸納構成顧客體驗的五大要素與提出相關的概念架構和命題，五大要素分別為顧客本身、顧客與實體環境的互動、顧客與服務人員、其他顧客與同行夥伴的互動。第二，本研究探討顧客對於體驗品質的情感性知覺，並發展體驗品質的衡量工具、檢驗體驗品質與顧客滿意度和忠誠度的關係，研究結果驗證了體驗品質為較高階的構念，並發現體驗品質對顧客滿意度與忠誠度有正向影響。本研究亦提出關於研究應用、未來研究與研究限制的討論。 / Today, more and more customers, managers and scholars have become aware of the importance of experiences, which are characterized as satisfying customers’ psychic or personal needs. For customers, they are not merely consuming products or services. They care more about the experiences, which are provided by the stores, and they are willing to pay for experiences. As for managers, they have made more efforts to create touching and attractive experiences for customers, manage customers’ experiential journey with the companies, or even charge for experiences. For academic researchers, they view experiences as distinct economic offerings, which are different from goods and services. They believe that the focus of the economy has been transferred into experience (Pine and Gilmore, 1998, 1999; Schmitt, 1999; O’Sullivan and Spangler, 1998) and experience industries are rising (Toffler, 1970, O’Sullivan and Spangler, 1998). This study focuses on exploring the emotional aspects of customers’ experiences underlying the context of deliberately designed service settings. Two research objects are approached in this study. First, this research comprehensively explores the essence of customer experiences from the customer’s perspective. A qualitative study is conducted to find out the elements that constitute customers’ experiences, and a conceptual model that describes what is customer experience is thereby proposed. In this model, customer experience is made up of five elements (dimensions): the customers themselves and customers’ interactions with physical surroundings, service providers, other customers, and companions. Second, this research attempts to probe customers’ emotional perceptions of experience quality and to develop an instrument to measure this construct. This research clarifies the concept of experience quality by reviewing the literature, conducting qualitative studies, performing a procedure of scale development, testing the relative importance of dimensions, and examining the relationship among experience quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty. The findings verify that experience quality, as a higher-order construct, is made up five first-order constructs, which are demonstrated in the result of the qualitative study. The result of this research also reveals that experience quality has positive effect on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Relevant discussion of applications, future research, and limitations are also provided in the conclusion.

La filière viticole française subit une récession de longue période sur son marché domestique dont les raisons profondes sont autant d'ordre sociologique et culturelle qu'économique. Parallèlement, elle se doit de tenir son rang sur les marchés internationaux où l'on observe une croissance de la consommation et une compétition plus vive de la part d'acteurs du nouveau monde. Face ces évolutions, la compréhension du consommateur, des différents acteurs de la filière ainsi que des outils marketing qu'ils emploient doit être interrogée et revisitée. Le but de cette thèse sur travaux est de décrire des évolutions de la filière et de présenter une tendance à la dé-individuation économique de ce domaine. Le principe d'individuation, avant tout d'ordre psychologique et biologique, postule qu'un individu diffère de tout autre et le distingue. Dans un contexte managérial, l'individuation peut être perçue d'une part dans l'étude du consommateur au travers de ses attentes, de ses besoins et de son comportement lors d'expérience d'achat, d'autre part dans l'analyse du comportement des offreurs, ici essentiellement des industriels – négociants, dans leur comportement stratégique, leur structure financière et les outils de développement employés. Par ailleurs, les choix opérés dans la gouvernance de la filière par les pouvoirs publics et les Interprofessions peuvent, dans leurs objectifs influer sur cette individuation économique. A contrario, la dé-individuation exprime ici un comportement de l'ensemble des parties prenantes d'un domaine tendant à réduire le caractère unique et différencié de chacun pour aller vers des formes de standardisation. Afin de présenter la dé-individuation économique dans la filière viticole, notre recherche repose sur une série de publications antérieures faites dans trois domaines : tout d'abord l'analyse de l'acheteur et du consommateur de vin dans un contexte de postmodernité approché au travers de ses expériences de consommation et des représentations qu'il s'en fait. Puis auprès d'une population d'entreprises viticoles françaises en observant les disparités et les similarités de leur structure financière et de leur stratégie notamment pour expliquer leur performance à l'export. Enfin, en étudiant des outils marketing employés par la profession parmi lesquels la marque dont on connaît le pouvoir de standardisation des comportements. Nos contributions enrichissent le corps théorique sur le comportement du consommateur et des formes contemporaines de gouvernance des entreprises. Pour la profession viticole, nos recherches contribuent à une prospective du domaine pour élaborer des scénarios futurs, mais aussi pour les managers des entreprises concernées par des prises de décision plus opérationnelles. / The French wine industry has been facing a recession for a long period, on its domestic market. Main reasons are sociological, cultural and not only economical. Simultaneously this industry has to maintain its position on the international markets where a growth in consumption can be observed and also a more intense competition due to actors coming from the new world. In front of these evolutions, the understanding of the consumer and of the different actors on this industry but also of the used marketing tools has to be questioned and explored. The aim of our "thèse sur travaux", is to describe the evolution of the wine industry and to present a trend to economic de individuation in this sector. The individuation principle, a psychological concept at the origin, expresses the idea that each person is differentiated from others. In the managerial context, individuation can be perceived first thanks to the study of the consumer through his waiting's, needs and his behaviour during the purchasing experience, second with the analysis of the offers' behaviour, here particularly the wine merchants in their strategy, their financial structure and the promotional tools they use, and third with the choices made for the wine industry governance by public regulators and administrative boards of the different wine regions. In the contrary, the economic de individuation expresses behaviours of all the stakeholders of the domain, desiring to reduce their individual and differentiate character. In order to present the economic de individuation in the wine industry, our research will be based on a series of previous publications conducted in three domains: first, analysing the wine consumer in the context of postmodernism thanks to the observation of their experience and associated representations. Second, observing a sample of French wine merchants, the disparities and similarities of their financial structures and strategies particularly as explanation of their export performance. Third, studying the marketing tools used in this industry. The wine branding activity whose standardization power is well-known is above all developed. Our contributions provide theoretical background with consumer behaviour and contemporaneous forms of the firms' governance issues. For the wine industry, our investigations contribute to a prospective vision of the domain, in order to elaborate scenarios for the future, but also for managers of the concerned firms for their operational decisions.

La filière viticole française subit une récession de longue période sur son marché domestique dont les raisons profondes sont autant d'ordre sociologique et culturelle qu'économique. Parallèlement, elle se doit de tenir son rang sur les marchés internationaux où l'on observe une croissance de la consommation et une compétition plus vive de la part d'acteurs du nouveau monde. Face ces évolutions, la compréhension du consommateur, des différents acteurs de la filière ainsi que des outils marketing qu'ils emploient doit être interrogée et revisitée. Le but de cette thèse sur travaux est de décrire des évolutions de la filière et de présenter une tendance à la dé-individuation économique de ce domaine. Le principe d'individuation, avant tout d'ordre psychologique et biologique, postule qu'un individu diffère de tout autre et le distingue. Dans un contexte managérial, l'individuation peut être perçue d'une part dans l'étude du consommateur au travers de ses attentes, de ses besoins et de son comportement lors d'expérience d'achat, d'autre part dans l'analyse du comportement des offreurs, ici essentiellement des industriels – négociants, dans leur comportement stratégique, leur structure financière et les outils de développement employés. Par ailleurs, les choix opérés dans la gouvernance de la filière par les pouvoirs publics et les Interprofessions peuvent, dans leurs objectifs influer sur cette individuation économique. A contrario, la dé-individuation exprime ici un comportement de l'ensemble des parties prenantes d'un domaine tendant à réduire le caractère unique et différencié de chacun pour aller vers des formes de standardisation. Afin de présenter la dé-individuation économique dans la filière viticole, notre recherche repose sur une série de publications antérieures faites dans trois domaines : tout d'abord l'analyse de l'acheteur et du consommateur de vin dans un contexte de postmodernité approché au travers de ses expériences de consommation et des représentations qu'il s'en fait. Puis auprès d'une population d'entreprises viticoles françaises en observant les disparités et les similarités de leur structure financière et de leur stratégie notamment pour expliquer leur performance à l'export. Enfin, en étudiant des outils marketing employés par la profession parmi lesquels la marque dont on connaît le pouvoir de standardisation des comportements. Nos contributions enrichissent le corps théorique sur le comportement du consommateur et des formes contemporaines de gouvernance des entreprises. Pour la profession viticole, nos recherches contribuent à une prospective du domaine pour élaborer des scénarios futurs, mais aussi pour les managers des entreprises concernées par des prises de décision plus opérationnelles. / The French wine industry has been facing a recession for a long period, on its domestic market. Main reasons are sociological, cultural and not only economical. Simultaneously this industry has to maintain its position on the international markets where a growth in consumption can be observed and also a more intense competition due to actors coming from the new world. In front of these evolutions, the understanding of the consumer and of the different actors on this industry but also of the used marketing tools has to be questioned and explored. The aim of our "thèse sur travaux", is to describe the evolution of the wine industry and to present a trend to economic de individuation in this sector. The individuation principle, a psychological concept at the origin, expresses the idea that each person is differentiated from others. In the managerial context, individuation can be perceived first thanks to the study of the consumer through his waiting's, needs and his behaviour during the purchasing experience, second with the analysis of the offers' behaviour, here particularly the wine merchants in their strategy, their financial structure and the promotional tools they use, and third with the choices made for the wine industry governance by public regulators and administrative boards of the different wine regions. In the contrary, the economic de individuation expresses behaviours of all the stakeholders of the domain, desiring to reduce their individual and differentiate character. In order to present the economic de individuation in the wine industry, our research will be based on a series of previous publications conducted in three domains: first, analysing the wine consumer in the context of postmodernism thanks to the observation of their experience and associated representations. Second, observing a sample of French wine merchants, the disparities and similarities of their financial structures and strategies particularly as explanation of their export performance. Third, studying the marketing tools used in this industry. The wine branding activity whose standardization power is well-known is above all developed. Our contributions provide theoretical background with consumer behaviour and contemporaneous forms of the firms' governance issues. For the wine industry, our investigations contribute to a prospective vision of the domain, in order to elaborate scenarios for the future, but also for managers of the concerned firms for their operational decisions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Policeno1.pdf: 366374 bytes, checksum: 077022f1cc313f286bbac565a8fd5cb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-07 / The relationship between newspaper-laboratory and marketing of higher education institutions are examined at work. Using the study of multiple cases, are compared printed newspaper-laboratory, recognized in the academic educational value of the exercise provided the students with those circulating as house-organs, bringing positive information of their graduate schools. They are examined based on the concepts of education, journalism and marketing, especially to educational institutions. The goal is to demonstrate that newspapers-laboratory processed in newspapers business, in order to meet the demands of the institutions with the market, which is contrary recommended by the teaching of journalism and marketing itself. You can see that newspaper-laboratory that simulate the reality of the profession, with the purpose teaching, as are most appropriate to the product mix of communication because lead the student, as consumer, the experience of learning situations marked as establishing the experiential marketing to lead customers with loyalty to the organizations.(AU) / A relação entre jornal-laboratório e marketing das instituições de ensino superior é analisada no trabalho. Valendo-se do estudo de casos múltiplos, são comparados impressos laboratoriais, reconhecidos no meio acadêmico pelo valor pedagógico do exercício proporcionado aos alunos, com aqueles que circulam como ¬house-organs¬, trazendo informações positivas das respectivas faculdades. Eles são examinados com base nos conceitos de ensino de jornalismo e de marketing, especialmente para instituições educacionais. O objetivo é demonstrar que jornais-laboratório transformados em jornais de empresa, no intuito de atender a necessidades de comunicação das instituições com o mercado, contrariam o que é preconizado pelo ensino de jornalismo e pelo próprio marketing. É possível perceber que impressos laboratoriais que simulam a realidade da profissão, com o propósito pedagógico, estão mais adequados como produto ao mix de comunicação porque levam o estudante, como consumidor, a vivenciar situações marcantes de aprendizado, conforme estabelece o marketing de experiências para levar clientes à lealdade com as organizações.(AU)