當代童話故事《魔幻玩具舖》再現個體於成長過程中父權與社會機制所壓抑與消音，尤其強調於成長過程中的伊底帕斯情節期。當代童話作者呈現幻滅與殘缺的社會寫實，以提供讀者真實世界的不全以及社會的異化，藉此使讀者不安；透過詭異(the uncanny)的閱讀經驗，讀者認知於自己潛意識中的壓抑，以及社會機制的缺陷。在童話的結構中最重要的為奇幻之要素，奇幻重視顯露社會中的異化與顛覆理性的成規，其建築在現實即為取得讀者之信任，然而推展至非真的境地以混淆讀者對於現實的概念；透過傾覆讀者的認知，奇幻創造出在現實規則中的間隙(breach)以及破壞權威的法則；奇幻以及童話故事的努力皆於尋求到一個更美好的家庭遠景。 第一章介紹童話的文類架構以及與奇幻的緊密關聯。第二章著重於童話理論以及其架構呈現的欲望與空缺(lack)，讀者因認知到自我的伊底帕斯經驗與社會的異化而感到不安；奇幻要素則質問社會規則以及傾覆讀者對於社會秩序的概念。第三章為《魔幻玩具舖》的童話理論分析，以詭異的效果干擾讀者。第四章表明奇幻在《魔幻玩具舖》中的顛覆力量，模糊真與非真的界線以及在社會法規中創造出間隙開啟了被壓抑與壓迫發聲的可能性。最後一章以童話與奇幻要素顛覆父權社會機制作為總結。 / The modern fairy tale, The Magic Toyshop, copes with the issue of what is repressed and muffled under the social and patriarchal restraints through the growing process of a person, especially the oedipal stage. The modern fairy tale writer presents a disillusioned picture of reality, so as to provide the reader with the real conditions of deficiency and alienation in society and unsettle the reader. Through the reading process of the uncanny, the reader recognizes what has been repressed in his unconsciousness, and thus realizes the imperfectness of the society. In the structure of the fairy tale, the most important element is the fantastic which endeavors to reveal the reality of alienation and to subvert the rules of rationality. The fantastic is built on the real in order to gain the belief of the reader; however, it then develops to the realm of the unreal in order to blur the boundary between the real and the unreal. By upsetting the reader’s conception, the fantastic creates a breach in everyday reality and undermines authoritarian rules. The ultimate efforts of the fairy tale and the fantastic are made for the quest for a real homecoming. The first chapter introduces the genre of the fairy tale and its high relevance to the fantastic. The second chapter focuses on the theory of the fairy tale and its significance in revealing what is underneath the structure, desire and lack. The reader is unsettled by recognizing his / her own oedipal experience and the alienated reality. The element of the fantastic questions the everyday rules of the social order and disturbs the reader’s perception. The third chapter is the textual analysis of the fairy tale structure and its uncanny effect on the reader as reflected in Carter’s The Magic Toyshop. The fourth chapter is the analysis of the subversive function of the fantastic in Carter’s novel. The boundary-blurring and breach-making process opens a possibility for what is repressed and oppressed. The final chapter concludes that the fairy tale and the element of the fantastic subvert the authoritative society of patriarchy.

Mémoire (M.A.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1989. / Programme de maîtrise en arts plastiques extensionné de l'UQAM à l'UQAC. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Cette thèse propose une approche renouvelée de l’adaptation cinématographique de la littérature, par l’étude d’un corpus composé de plusieurs textes littéraires et de leurs adaptations cinématographiques réalisées par le même cinéaste, Wojciech Jerzy Has (1925-2000). L’originalité de notre analyse de corpus réside dans le fait de placer les films, et non les textes, comme éléments premiers et centraux dans l’organisation de notre démarche. Les textes littéraires, par le choix de cette approche target-oriented (Cattrysse 2014) qui part plutôt de la cible que de la source, deviennent ainsi les points d’arrivée plutôt que les points de départ de l’épreuve du corpus. Nous proposons un champ d’expérimentation qui fait de trois films réalisés par Wojciech Has l’impulsion d’un itinéraire d’analyses à la fois textuelles et filmiques, incluant les textes hétérogènes adaptés par ce réalisateur (ceux de Jean Potocki, Bruno Schulz et Bolesław Prus). Ce mode d’organisation crée des modes de relation inédits entre les textes et les films, mais aussi des textes entre eux, alors qu’aucune relation d’intertextualité déclarée ne motive leurs mises en rapport : le roman de Potocki, Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse, les nouvelles de Bruno Schulz ainsi que La Poupée de Bolesław Prus appartiennent à trois siècles différents, des Lumières finissantes à l’entre-deux guerres mondiales. La logique de renversement du trajet critique traditionnel que nous mettons en œuvre, en mobilisant les ressources du cinéma à capter et projeter une expérience de lecture, révèle des analogies avec l’analyse textuelle : les notions de figure et de montage permettent de faire de l’adaptation un jeu de réécriture (Ropars 1990), ayant vocation à altérer le texte. C’est notamment par un certain nombre de figures apparentées au fantastique qu’une cohérence a posteriori est donnée au corpus textuel : les trois films de Has mettent en scène des doubles, des automates, des labyrinthes et des configurations autoréflexives qui créent de nouveaux points de contact entre les textes. Notre recherche double alors l’expérimentation de cet opérateur cinématographique de la littérature d’un opérateur fantastique, qui agit comme élément de cohésion dans le jeu différentiel entre littérature et cinéma. / This dissertation proposes a renewed approach to the topic of film adaptation, by studying several literary texts together with their film adaptations directed by the same filmmaker, Wojciech Jerzy Has (1925-2000). The originality of our analysis lies in placing films, not texts, as primary and central elements in the organization of our approach. By the choice of a target-oriented approach (Cattrysse 2014), literary texts become the points of arrival rather than the starting points of this comparative analysis. Three films directed by Wojciech Has give the impulse to an itinerary of analyzes that includes various texts adapted by this director (those of Jan Potocki, Bruno Schulz and Bolesław Prus). This mode of organization creates unprecedented modes of relation between the texts and the films, but also between texts themselves, while no relation of explicit intertextuality justifies their connections: Jan Potocki’s Zaragoza Manuscript (1794-1810), Bolesław Prus’ The Doll (1890) the short stories of Bruno Schulz (1934-1937) belong to three different centuries. The reversal of the traditional critical path that we are implementing in this work, by mobilizing the resources of films to capture and project the experience of reading, reveals analogies between filmic and textual analysis. The notions of figure and montage will allow to discover how adaptations can also qualify as rewritings (réécritures) (Ropars 1990), a concept that points towards films that alter the text.It is by the unveiling of some figures related to the fantastic genre that a posterior coherence is given to the texts adapted by Has: the three films present doubles, automata, labyrinth experiences and self-reflexive configurations, creating new relationships between heterogeneous texts. Our research doubles the experimentation of this cinematographic operator of the literature with a fantastic operator, which acts as an element of cohesion in the differential game between literature and cinema.

Este trabalho traz a análise da obra Um Castelo no Pampa, de Luiz Antonio de Assis Brasil, examinando as relações entre Literatura, História e Mito. Para tanto, direcionados pelos sinais míticos presentes na obra, investigamos, em um primeiro momento, o significado desses aspectos. Disso resultou a identificação dos mitos de origem. A seguir, empreendemos a pesquisa da História do Rio Grande do Sul, o que nos fez comprovar que a obra em análise faz a releitura crítica dos modelos consagrados pela historiografia positivista. Como as questões da História, na narrativa, sinalizam para a realização de uma escrita que tem como forma a metaficção historiográfica, nos termos de que nos fala Linda Hutcheon (Poética do Pós-Modernismo,1991), averiguamos sua íntima relação com a redação pósmoderna. Contemplamos o aspecto da historicidade pelo viés crítico, estabelecendo elos entre a Sociologia literária, a Crítica literária e a Literatura Comparada. Mostramos, enfim, como o autor imbricou fatos e personagens históricas do Rio Grande do Sul com sua narrativa ficcional para inverter as nossas expectativas e para que dialoguemos com o passado, que se apresenta fragmentado, em perspectiva com um tempo que ainda será construído, ou seja, um porvir mais real, menos fantasioso e, por isso mesmo, mais factível. / This paper analyzes the book Um Castelo no Pampa, written by Luiz Antonio de Assis Brasil. It examines the relations among Literature, History and Myth. In the beginning, directed by the mythic signals present in the book, we analyzed the meaning of these aspects. And the result was the identification of of the myths of origin. Next we researched the history of Rio Grande do Sul. And this made us prove that the book rereads in a critical way the positivist historiography consacrated models. As History´s issues, the narrative signals to the writing in a metafiction historiographic way, as spoken by Linda Hutcheon (A Poetics of Postmodernism, 1991). And we also verified its intimate relation with post-modern writing. We contemplated the historicity issue by the critical bias, estabilishing links among Literary Sociology, Literary Criticism and Compared Literature. We concluded that the writer imbricated historical facts and historical characters of Rio Grande do Sul State in his fictional narrative to invert our expectancies. And also to make us dialogue with the past, which presents itself in a fragmented way, in a perspective that is yet to come and will be traced, more realistic, less imaginative, but more possible.

[pt] O estranhador é o estranho consiste na investigação do gênero narrativo denominado Estranho (Unheimliche), avançando para uma proposta de caracterização e ampliação do gênero a partir da identificação de sua poética. Nesta defesa, foram consideradas teorias e exemplos da literatura e do cinema e também conceitos fundamentais da psicanálise. / [en] The uncanny-er is the uncanny consists of an investigation of the narrative genre known as Uncanny (Unheimliche), culminating in a proposal of characterization and enlargement of the genre by identification of its poetics. In this dissertation, theories and examples from literature and cinema were taken into account, as well as fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis.

Este trabalho traz a análise da obra Um Castelo no Pampa, de Luiz Antonio de Assis Brasil, examinando as relações entre Literatura, História e Mito. Para tanto, direcionados pelos sinais míticos presentes na obra, investigamos, em um primeiro momento, o significado desses aspectos. Disso resultou a identificação dos mitos de origem. A seguir, empreendemos a pesquisa da História do Rio Grande do Sul, o que nos fez comprovar que a obra em análise faz a releitura crítica dos modelos consagrados pela historiografia positivista. Como as questões da História, na narrativa, sinalizam para a realização de uma escrita que tem como forma a metaficção historiográfica, nos termos de que nos fala Linda Hutcheon (Poética do Pós-Modernismo,1991), averiguamos sua íntima relação com a redação pósmoderna. Contemplamos o aspecto da historicidade pelo viés crítico, estabelecendo elos entre a Sociologia literária, a Crítica literária e a Literatura Comparada. Mostramos, enfim, como o autor imbricou fatos e personagens históricas do Rio Grande do Sul com sua narrativa ficcional para inverter as nossas expectativas e para que dialoguemos com o passado, que se apresenta fragmentado, em perspectiva com um tempo que ainda será construído, ou seja, um porvir mais real, menos fantasioso e, por isso mesmo, mais factível. / This paper analyzes the book Um Castelo no Pampa, written by Luiz Antonio de Assis Brasil. It examines the relations among Literature, History and Myth. In the beginning, directed by the mythic signals present in the book, we analyzed the meaning of these aspects. And the result was the identification of of the myths of origin. Next we researched the history of Rio Grande do Sul. And this made us prove that the book rereads in a critical way the positivist historiography consacrated models. As History´s issues, the narrative signals to the writing in a metafiction historiographic way, as spoken by Linda Hutcheon (A Poetics of Postmodernism, 1991). And we also verified its intimate relation with post-modern writing. We contemplated the historicity issue by the critical bias, estabilishing links among Literary Sociology, Literary Criticism and Compared Literature. We concluded that the writer imbricated historical facts and historical characters of Rio Grande do Sul State in his fictional narrative to invert our expectancies. And also to make us dialogue with the past, which presents itself in a fragmented way, in a perspective that is yet to come and will be traced, more realistic, less imaginative, but more possible.

O presente trabalho analisa a presença do tema do olhar em dois contos fantásticos: "El Aleph", de Jorge Luis Borges, e "Las babas del diabo", de Julio Cortázar. Com base nas teorias da intertextualidade e da interdisciplinaridade, o trabalho trata de efetuar uma aproximação entre a Literatura e as teorias do cinema. À luz das reflexões de Serguei Eisenstein e André Bazin sobre a montagem e o plano-seqüência, este trabalho termina por comparar as concepções de realidade e ficção que norteiam as estéticas de Borges e de Cortázar. / This thesis analyses the act of gazing as a literary theme within two short stories of the fantastic genre: "El Aleph", by Jorge Luis Borges, and "Las babas del diablo", by Julio Cortázar. Based on the intertextuality and interdisciplinarity theories, the work tries to perform an approximation between Literature and film theory. After considering the reflections by Serguei Eisenstein and André Bazin on editing and the long-shot, this work finishes by drawing a comparison between the distinct conceptions of fiction and reality, which conforms different sets of literary aesthetics within the works of Borges and Cortazar.

O presente trabalho analisa a presença do tema do olhar em dois contos fantásticos: "El Aleph", de Jorge Luis Borges, e "Las babas del diabo", de Julio Cortázar. Com base nas teorias da intertextualidade e da interdisciplinaridade, o trabalho trata de efetuar uma aproximação entre a Literatura e as teorias do cinema. À luz das reflexões de Serguei Eisenstein e André Bazin sobre a montagem e o plano-seqüência, este trabalho termina por comparar as concepções de realidade e ficção que norteiam as estéticas de Borges e de Cortázar. / This thesis analyses the act of gazing as a literary theme within two short stories of the fantastic genre: "El Aleph", by Jorge Luis Borges, and "Las babas del diablo", by Julio Cortázar. Based on the intertextuality and interdisciplinarity theories, the work tries to perform an approximation between Literature and film theory. After considering the reflections by Serguei Eisenstein and André Bazin on editing and the long-shot, this work finishes by drawing a comparison between the distinct conceptions of fiction and reality, which conforms different sets of literary aesthetics within the works of Borges and Cortazar.

This thesis proposes the study of spatialities and visualities observed in Before the green dance, anthology of Lygia Fagundes Telles. To this end, we selected some stories of this book, which, although very commonly known, had not yet been analyzed by this bias. The studies and analysis seek to focus, above all, the space in your physical and psychological, concrete and abstract nature. It is known that among the elements of narrative, space plays an important role; in an apparent function performs the task of the geographical location of characters, but his career in the fictional field goes far beyond this limit: it can give the reader clues to what will still occur, may be indicative of the character of the characters, can influence the behavior of the characters and be shaped by them, may favor the action, may be the door through which one enters the world of fiction. If closed, frames the narrative, emphasizing the character's fictional narrative if opened, its horizon reveals the social conflicts of being-in-world. While the characters integrate the statement, its characterization is part of the enunciation. Thus, the relationship between space and character exudes the atmosphere, narrative element significantly exploited by Lygia Fagundes Telles throughout his work. A strong ally of space on the work of Lygia Fagundes Telles is the senses, vehicle seizure of images. Among them, the vision shows itself sovereign. The visualities become, therefore, powerful support not only in the characterization of the place and characters but also the relationship between these two elements, promoting the referred atmosphere that, in the lygiana work, introduces the mystery, the unusual, the fantastic, the supernatural. The very title of the work, focused on this work, alludes to the visual as it gives a hue: "Before the green dance", a fact that opened path to us in the study of images and their representations. This trend culminated in the preparation of three chapters, namely: The sovereignty of the look in ―Come to see the setting sun‖, The space in the building of the fantastic in the short stories ―Christmas on the boat‖ and ―The chase‖ and The interlacing of images and spaces in ―Before the green dance and ―Yellow green lizard‖, where they are treated, respectively, these three discussions, indicating the literary wealth that the fiction space offers us. / Esta dissertação realiza o estudo das espacialidades e das visualidades observadas em Antes do baile verde, antologia de Lygia Fagundes Telles. Para tal, foram selecionados alguns contos desta obra, que, mesmo sendo bastante conhecidos popularmente, ainda não tinham sido analisados por esse viés. Os estudos e análises buscam focalizar, sobretudo, o espaço em sua natureza física e psicológica, concreta e abstrata. É sabido que entre os elementos da narrativa, o espaço exerce papel relevante; em uma função aparente, desempenha a tarefa de situar geograficamente as personagens, mas sua trajetória no campo ficcional vai muito além desse limite: pode oferecer ao leitor indícios do que ainda vai ocorrer, pode ser revelador do caráter das personagens, pode influenciar o comportamento das personagens bem como ser moldado por elas, pode favorecer a ação, pode ser a porta por onde se adentra ao mundo da ficção. Se fechado, emoldura o enredo, enfatizando o caráter ficcional da narrativa; se aberto, seu horizonte revela o social, os conflitos do estar-no-mundo. Enquanto as personagens integram o enunciado, sua caracterização integra a enunciação. Assim, da relação entre espaço e personagem emana a atmosfera, elemento narrativo significativamente explorado por Lygia Fagundes Telles em toda a sua obra. Um forte aliado do espaço na obra de Lygia Fagundes Telles são os sentidos, veículo de apreensão das imagens. Dentre eles, a visão mostra-se soberana. As visualidades tornam-se, portanto, suporte poderoso não somente na caracterização do espaço e das personagens, mas também da relação entre esses dois elementos, promovendo a referida atmosfera que, na obra lygiana, instaura o mistério, o insólito, o fantástico, o sobrenatural. O próprio título da obra, focalizada neste trabalho, alude ao visual à medida que lhe confere um matiz: ―Antes do baile verde‖, fato que nos abriu caminho para o estudo das imagens e suas representações. Tal trajetória culminou na elaboração de três capítulos, a saber: A soberania do olhar em ―Venha ver o pôr-do-sol‖, O espaço na construção do fantástico nos contos ―Natal na barca‖ e ―A caçada‖ e O entrecruzar de imagens e espaços em ―Antes do baile verde‖ e ―Verde lagarto amarelo‖, nos quais são tratadas, respectivamente, estas três discussões, evidenciando a riqueza literária que o espaço da ficção nos oferece. / Mestre em Teoria Literária

This diploma thesis deals with fantasy literature in both, national and international contexts, as well as with its didactical possessions. Its aim is to prove that this genre has, apart from its history and a recognized place in the domain of literature, a cognitive value to enhance the readers in terms of aesthetics, knowledge, experience and emotions. A second aim of the thesis is to describe the position of fantasy in so-called ``speculative fiction{\crq}q. The first part of the work allows its readers to understand the term ``Fantasy``. It also provides them with history of the genre and its nowadays´ subdivision. In the subsequent chapters the fantasy is presented as a genre able to adapt to fields not necessarily linked to contemporary literature, such as source of knowledge and understanding in lives of young people. A more detailed approach to the Czech form of the genre is also provided with emphasis to common and opposite aspects of it in comparison with the world fantasy (mostly Anglo-American). The didactical potential is underlined in appropriate paragraphs. The 4th and 6thchapters are then fully dedicated to the didactical potential. The last chapter presents results of research work focused on fantasy.