Thesis (MDF (Development Finance))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main aim of this study, firstly, is to evaluate the financial performance of the Development Bank of Namibia (DBN) over the period of 2003 to 2007. Secondly, the study aims to compare financial performance of the Development Bank of Namibia with the Development Bank of Southern Africa during the same period. In recent years, there has been a number of criticisms raised against the Development Bank of Namibia. These have been noted by the political appointment of the top management in the bank who has no experience in monitoring of the funds and development projects (World Bank, 2003). In addition, the bank has been criticized for poor performance, in terms of very low returns due to poor procurement performance and weak performance of project management units (African Development Bank, 2005). The bank has also been seen undermining people's human rights through funded projects which were only given to those people who are politically connected or comrades (The Namibian, 2002). Two financial statements of the Development Bank of Namibia, namely the Income Statement and Balance Sheet of the period of 2003 to 2007, are used to evaluate the financial performance of the bank. Trend analysis, monitoring and evaluation reports, financial ratios and statistical tools are employed to conduct this study. Trend analysis, financial ratios and statistical tools indicated that there was no evidence to infer that the Development Bank of Namibia did perform poorly during 2003 to 2007. However, monitoring and evaluation reports indicated that there was inefficiency in terms of bank operations.

中國新上市公司（Initial Public Offerings，以下簡稱IPO）上市後經營績效大幅衰退之現象時有所聞，IPO績效變化不僅影響投資者的利益，也攸關轉型經濟過程中，中國證券市場能否有效引導社會資源的配置。本研究調查2001年至2005年間，在中國深圳以及上海交易所A股市場IPO公司經營績效變化以及可能原因，延伸討論保薦制度及政治關聯對前述現象的影響。首先測試樣本公司上市前後經營績效之差異，並調整同業平均數。實證結果指出，上市後兩年ROA及ROE(無論是否調整產業因素)皆不如上市前兩年，杜邦分析發現獲利能力衰退是造成財務績效衰退的主因。 保薦制度於2004年2月1日正式施行，藉由提升保薦人及保薦機構的執業水準，以建立市場約束機制。本研究依保薦制度實施及政治關聯分別分組，採用分群組T檢定與Wilcoxon做差異分析。實證結果顯示保薦制度下IPO公司上市前的各項財務績效較佳，顯示其能篩選體質較好公司上市；而上市後績效衰退的情形也較為趨緩，中介機構制衡機制有所發揮。政治關聯度低的低國有股公司在上市前的各項財務績效指標較高國有股公司好，推論政治關聯可能影響上市機會，使其上市前需極大化自身績效；相對而言，上市後較難維持績效。 進一步分析績效衰退原因，本研究比較各期間IPO公司各項應計數變化。實證結果顯示。整體而言上市後總應計、流動應計數、營業相關應計數以IPO當年呈倒V型，有上市後反轉的現象，並與經營活動現金流量變動呈反向變動，推論與盈餘操縱有關；保薦制度的在應計數反轉現象沒有顯著抑止效果，而政治關聯度低的IPO公司亦沒有顯著操縱應計數的現象以極大化上市前經營績效。最後，代理問題探討中結果顯示，董監持股變動以及大股東持股變動與績效衰退顯著相關，符合利益一致假說。 / The article investigates whether there is a significant change in financial performance of firms after they went to public for the period between 2001 and 2005 in China A –share market. First, we use ROA and ROE as main performance index. The results indicate a significant decline in ROA and ROE. Following Du Pont framework, return on sales is the most important reason about the decline. Second, we find under new Sponsor’s System, IPO firms had better perfomanace before they went public and they suffered less declined after IPO. We also find the low political connection firms maximize financial performance before they went public to win the IPO opportunity, and they hardly maintain operating performance. At last, we examine the reason for financial performance decline. We compared the change between accruals and operating cashflow the period of IPO for inspecting wether earnings management existed. The empirical results indicate IPO firms maximize accruls when IPO.This study also indicates a significant correlation between post-IPO performance and agency problem.

Under de senaste årtiondena har ansvarfullt företagande (CSR) varit ett ämne som erhållit allt mer fokus inom forskning och således även för företag och samhället i stort. CSR är ett ämne som är högst aktuellt då globalisering är ett faktum och medför att de företag som är verksamma idag bär ett globalt ansvar, då dessa är stora aktörer i en värld som kantas av ekonomiska kriser, miljöproblem och humanitär försummelse. Det ökade intresset från samhället för CSR har medfört att företagen idag ser detta som en strategisk investering och företags satsning i hållbarhetsaktiviteter har kommit att erhålla en allt större del av företags verksamhet. Frågan kvarstår om detta endast är en investering som ökar företagets etik och moral eller om det faktiskt är lönsamt, och även om lönsamma företag ökar sin investering i hållbarhetsarbete. En stor mängd forskning har utförts för att undersöka förhållandena mellan hållbarhet och lönsamhet, dock utan att konsensus i forskningsgrenen har uppkommit.       Grundat på den nuvarande forskningssituationen syftade denna studie till att undersöka vilken effekt ansvarsfullt företagande har på olika lönsamhetsmått, samt vilken effekt de olika lönsamhetsmåtten har på ansvarsfullt företagande, i företag registrerade på large cap och mid cap på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm. För att besvara studiens problemformulering och uppfylla studiens syfte har en kvantitativ forskningsansats brukats och ett urval av företag listade på large och mid cap Nasdaq OMX Stockholm har undersökts. För att sätta ett mått på ansvarsfullt företagande (CSP) har en innehållsanalys av företags årsrapporter och hållbarhetsrapporter genomförts, lönsamhetsmåtten (CFP) har utgått från redovisningsbaserade mått (ROE och ROA) samt ett marknadsbaserat mått (total avkastning). Vidare undersöks även relationen mellan variablerna, CSP och CFP, med en tidsaspekt och kontrollvariablerna storlek, risk, FoU och industritillhörighet har brukats. De teorier som har använts för att förklara CFP:s effekt på CSP är slappa resurser och direktörsopportunism, och effekten CSP har på CFP har teorierna intressentteorin, resursbaserad synvinkel och kompromissteorin använts.  Det resultat som framkommit genom de multipla regressionerna som testat studiens hypoteser visar att ROE:s effekt på CSP är positiv, medan både ROA:s och avkastningens effekt på CSP är neutral. Slutsatsen blir således delad då lönsamhetsmåttet ROE visar att företag som har en högre lönsamhet kommer investera mer i hållbarhet, denna effekt knyts samman med teorin om slappa resurser. Å andra sidan visar både ROA och avkastning på en neutral effekt på CSP vilket ej kan knytas till varken slappa resurser eller direktöropportunism. Vidare när istället CSP:s effekt på ROE, ROA och avkastning undersökts visar samtliga på en neutral påverkan. Den slutsats som kan dras från detta resultat är att hållbarhetsarbete ej empiriskt kan säkerställa en högre eller lägre lönsamhet, och varken intressentteorin, resursbaserad synvinkel eller kompromissteorin kan förklara resultatet. Med icke-konklusiva resultat föreslår författarna för vidare forskning inom området där mer forskning i den svenska kontexten är nödvändig.

La variété des situations auxquelles sont confrontés les acteurs de la vie des affaires, et l’importance des sommes en jeu, constituent un aiguillon particulièrement stimulant pour la réflexion des spécialistes dans le domaine financier et juridique. Un engouement s’enracine également dans la tendance des marchés financiers à exiger une plus grande transparence dans la gestion des groupes diversifiés, dont la lisibilité financière est souvent réduite. Une telle exigence de lisibilité est au cœur de la définition des actions traçantes. Apparues outre-Atlantique au début des années 80, elles ont bénéficié, avec l’avènement de la nouvelle économie, d’un regain d’intérêt notable et d’un volume d’émission élevé sur le marché financier américain depuis les années 90. L’émission d’actions traçantes, mis à part leur nature hybride, constitue une mesure de restructuration assez particulière qui vient compléter la base d’études déjà constituée sur le thème de la restructuration de capitaux. Cette recherche a pour ambition de montrer comment introduire les actions traçantes sur le marché financier français et plus particulièrement, elle permettra d’élargir le choix des formes de restructuration qui seront présentés pour des entreprises souhaitant chercher de nouvelles sources de financement, se procurer de nouveaux moyens d’acquisition et atteindre l’objectif fondamental qui est celui de la création de valeur. De ce fait, l’émission d’actions traçantes se trouvera en concurrence avec d’autres formes de restructuration (scission et apport partiel d’actif). Par conséquent, on présentera les facteurs dont les entreprises devront tenir compte dans le choix des restructurations envisagées. / The variety of situations faced by actors of the business concerning their field, and the importance of the amount of money involved, is considered as a mind moving element particularly for specialists in financial and legal matters. Enthusiasm is also rooted in the financial markets which tend to require greater transparency from groups, including financial visibility that is often reduced. Such a requirement is highly recommended in the definition of tracking stock. Emerged across the Atlantic in the early 80s, they have benefited, with the advent of the new economy, a noticeable income of interest and have increased since the early '90s until now through a large number of issuances on the U.S. financial market. The issuance of tracking stock, apart from its hybrid nature, contains a certain measure of restructuring rather special that completes the basis of studies already made on the subject of capital restructuring. This research also aims to show how to introduce tracking stock on the French financial market, and more particularly to expand the choice of forms of restructuring that will be presented to companies in hope to seek new funding sources, to obtain new ways of acquisition and achieve a fundamental objective which is the creation of value. Therefore, the issuing of tracking stock will have to compete with other forms of restructuring (spin-off, equity carve-out). Thus, we present the factors that companies should deem when choosing the restructuring proposed.

Cette thèse explore les implications des stratégies hors marché des entreprises en termes de performance. Elle attire notamment l'attention sur la nature paradoxale des stratégies hors-marché ainsi que sur l'importance pour les entreprises de former des portefeuilles spécifiques de ce type de stratégie. En utilisant une approche fondée de la théorie de l'échange social et sur la théorie de la dépendance aux ressources, cette thèse tout d'abord analyse les conditions pour lesquelles les entreprises sont soumises à une extraction de “rente” de la part des politiciens. Elle explore ensuite l'impact de ces liens politiques sur la performance financière des entreprises. Elle distingue notamment différents types de liens politiques qui exposent les entreprises à différents niveaux d'incertitude quant à la continuité de leur échange avec les politiciens, et à différents niveaux de dépendance à leurs ressources à postériori. Enfin, cette thèse examine comment l'engagement communautaire des entreprises pourrait agir comme une stratégie complémentaire aux liens politiques, et comment cette complémentarité peut permettre d’obtenir de meilleurs retours financiers de ces liens politiques. Les hypothèses de cette thèse sont empiriquement testées sur des données longitudinales uniques couvrant différents types de liens entre l’ensemble des politiciens britanniques et toutes les sociétés cotées en bourse au Royaume-Unis, sur une période allant de 2002 à 2011. En prenant une position critique sur la valeur que les entreprises peuvent tirer des stratégies hors-marché, cette thèse contribue à la littérature en management stratégique, en particulier à celle portant sur les stratégies hors-marché des entreprises et leurs implications en termes de performance financière / This dissertation looks into performance implications of firms’ non-market strategies. It draws attention to the double-blade nature of firms’ non-market strategies, as well as the importance for the firm of forming a right portfolio of such strategies. Using insights from social exchange theory and resource dependence theory, it first outlines the conditions under which firms will be subject to rent extraction by politicians. It then looks into the impact of political linkages on firms’ financial performance, differentiating between different types of political linkages; which expose a firm to different levels of uncertainty regarding the continuity of exchange with the politician, and different levels of ex-post dependency on the politician. Finally it investigates how community engagement might act as a complement to firms’ political linkages, and how such complementarity may help to achieve improved financial returns from those political linkages. The predictions of the essays are empirically tested using a unique longitudinal dataset covering various types of linkages between all politicians and all publicly listed companies in the UK, for the period from 2002 to 2011. Taking a critical stand on the value to be drawn from firms’ non-market strategies, this dissertation contributes to strategic management literature, particularly the literature on firms’ non-market strategies and their implications on financial performance

Sous l’effet d’une concurrence de plus en plus forte et d’un nouveau système de tarification, les cliniques privées de court séjour françaises sont confrontées à des contraintes économiques de plus en plus nombreuses auxquelles elles tentent de s’adapter. Cette recherche a pour objet d’identifier quels sont les déterminants organisationnels et stratégiques de la performance financière des cliniques privées. Une revue de littérature française et étrangère conduite sur la performance des établissements de santé a révélé la présence de nombreux déterminants de la performance financière. Pour identifier les facteurs influençant celle des cliniques privées, une étude statistique a été réalisée sur la totalité des cliniques privées françaises de court séjour dont les données sont exploitables, soit 463 établissements. Les résultats des statistiques montrent que la performance financière des cliniques privées, mesurée par un score financier et par les ratios financiers le composant, subit l’impact de variables que les directeurs d’établissements peuvent influencer à moyen et à long terme. Le volume et la productivité de la masse salariale employée par les établissements, le volume d’activité, la présence d’un projet stratégique bien défini et dont la mise en œuvre est effective, ainsi que la qualité des soins, celle-ci étant mesurée par les résultats des cliniques privées sur les différentes démarches d’amélioration de la qualité des soins, sont des facteurs qui présentent un fort impact sur la performance financière. / Private short-stay clinics are confronted with increasing economic constraints, to which they are trying to adapt, due to stronger competition and a new system of pricing. This research identifies which are the organizational determinents and financial performance strategies of private clinics. A review of French and foreign literature pertaining to the performance of these health establishments revealed the presence of numerous determinents of the financial performance. To identify the factors influencing the private clinics, a statistical study was performed on 463 French short-term clinics, where the relevent data was available. The results of these statistics indicated that the financial performance of these clinics, as measured by financial scores and ratios, underwent an influential impact in the short and long term. The productivity of the paid employees, the volume of activity, the presence of a well-defined and effective strategic project, so that the quality of the care given, as measured by the results of these clinics on different steps towards improvement on the quality of care, are the factors which presented a strong impact on the financial performance.

La réalité économique vécue aujourd’hui, principalement par les pays européens, apporte,en même temps qu’une naturelle préoccupation, un nouvel horizon de pensées, un souffle de nouvelles idées. La pratique a montré qu’une réduction des dépenses publiques n’est pas la solution la plus fiable pour répondre à la crise de la dette publique. La présente thèse se propose de démontrer que l’investissement dans la performance de la perception fiscale peut être une puissante prophylaxie. Au lieu de diminuer les dépenses générées par les plus divers services publics, la meilleure politique à adopter est le développement de la performance de l’Administration fiscale. Dans le texte, nous décrirons la performance d’une administration qui parvient à percevoir les ressources nécessaires au fonctionnementde l’État, avec un minimum de dépenses et en causant un préjudice moindre aux contribuables, dont les intérêts et les satisfactions sont préservés au maximum. Il s’agit d’une définition générale qui n’est pas restreinte à l’analyse d’une certaine ordonnance.Notre objectif est de construire une notion universelle, applicable en tout lieu. De la même manière, nous chercherons à identifier les moyens généraux qui promeuvent l’objectif de performance de l’Administration fiscale. Il ne fait pas de doute que cet objectif ne peut être atteint qu’en rendant le travail de l’administration plus pratique. Le « principe de praticité » aide exactement à la diminution des multiples tâches. Cet objectif est complété par la privatisation de certaines activités liées à la perception des impôts. Au-delà de la réduction du travail du Fisc, nous comprenons qu’il est nécessaire d’investir dans les mesures de contrôle et de diminution des litiges, qui en plus de dégrader la sensible relation entre administration et contribuable, retarde l’encaissement des impôts, ce qui a un impact négatif au niveau de la perception fiscale. Cet objectif peut être atteint par le biais du développement du consentement à l’impôt et de l’adoption de moyens alternatifs de résolution de litiges fiscaux. / The economic reality lived today primarily by European countries, along with a natural concern, brings a new horizon of thoughts, a breath of new ideas. The practice has already shown that cutting public spending is not the most reliable output to the Government debt crisis. What is intended to demonstrate with this thesis is that the investment in tax collection performance can be a powerful prophylaxis. Instead of reducing spending accomplished with the most diverse public services, the best policy to be adopted is the development of tax administration performance. In the text, we describe as performer the Administration which manages to raise the resources needed to perform its functions, the State with the least expenses for the minor nuisance caused possible for taxpayers, in which their interests and satisfactions to be preserved as much as possible. This is a general definition that is not restricted to a particular land-use analysis. Our goal is to build a universal notion applicable anywhere. Similarly, we seek to identify a general meanswhich promotes the objective of making the effective tax administration. There is no doubt that this goal can only be achieved if the work of the Administration becomes more practical. The "principle of practicality" helps exactly in the reduction of multiple tasks. This is complemented through the privatization of some activities related to tax collection. In addition to reducing the work of tax authorities, we understand that it is necessary to invest in control measures and reduction of disputes, which in addition to degrade the sensitive relationship between administration and taxpayers, slows the receipt of taxes, causing a negative impact on the level of revenues. This goal can be achieved, mainly through the development of consent to tax and the adoption of alternative means of dispute resolution.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo principal analisar e responder ao questionamento acerca da relação entre desempenho social corporativo e desempenho financeiro de empresas brasileiras. De forma mais específica, a dissertação investiga a seqüência causal e a direção (positiva ou negativa) do relacionamento entre as variáveis que representam as duas concepções de desempenho. Para tanto, foram utilizadas duas variáveis para representar o desempenho financeiro a valores de mercado, três variáveis para representar o desempenho financeiro a valores contábeis, e o Indicador de Desempenho Social Corporativo, construído nesta dissertação para representar o desempenho social das empresas e baseado nos Balanços Sociais publicados segundo modelo do Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais e Econômicas (IBASE). Além dessas variáveis, duas variáveis de controle consideradas relevantes pela teoria, o Tamanho da Empresa e o Setor de Atuação, também constituíram o modelo estatístico. O período de análise (2000 a 2002) do relacionamento entre as variáveis e a amostra da pesquisa foi relativamente pequeno, devido principalmente à fragilidade do banco de dados referente ao desempenho social corporativo e à incipiência do próprio tema na administração brasileira. As análises foram realizadas em períodos anuais, sem e com defasagem temporal de um ano, a fim de que seis hipóteses alternativas propostas por modelo já existente pudessem ser testadas. A análise estatística foi realizada através de matriz de correlações, de modelos de regressão linear múltipla pelo método dos mínimos quadrados ordinários, de regressão a erros padrão robustos a heterocedasticidade e de regressão robusta. Os resultados, em sua maioria, não foram capazes de rejeitar a hipótese nula do modelo, isto é, de que não há relação estatisticamente significante entre o desempenho social e o desempenho financeiro corporativos. Entretanto, as regressões que utilizaram indicadores contábeis de desempenho financeiro apresentaram resultados que indicariam, em alguns períodos de análise, a existência de uma relação positiva entre as duas formas de desempenho, corroborando, em parte, com a idéia de que a administração dos stakeholders acarretaria desempenho financeiro superior às empresas. Porém, a seqüência causal do relacionamento não foi clara, dado que tanto um melhor ou pior desempenho social corporativo foi causa de um melhor ou pior desempenho financeiro, como também o segundo foi causa do primeiro. Por sua vez, a relação entre os indicadores de mercado do desempenho financeiro das empresas e o indicador de desempenho social corporativo apresentou-se bastante contraditória, o que corrobora com resultados alcançados em pesquisas e trabalhos anteriores sobre o tema. Finalmente, a variável de controle de Tamanho da Empresa mostrou-se não significante para o modelo, enquanto a variável de controle de Setor de Atuação apresentou resultados bastante diversos. Dessa forma, os resultados mostraram-se pouco conclusivos, fato explicado pela literatura existente que identifica as limitações conceituais, como a indefinição de conceitos-chave, e empíricas, como a ausência de banco de dados ou deficiências dos existentes, que permeiam a maioria das pesquisas existentes sobre o tema e que se agravam na realidade brasileira. Para as novas pesquisas, recomenda-se atenção especial à representação do desempenho social corporativo, tornando-o mais abrangente e robusto, bem como a utilização de diferentes janelas temporais para o modelo estatístico que permitam o alcance de resultados mais conclusivos. É importante observar que iniciativas recentes de instituições no país vêm ao encontro do atendimento das necessidades dos pesquisadores que se interessam sobre o tema, o que estimula e favorece o desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras. / The major objective of this here dissertation consists in analyzing the relation between social and financial performances of Brazilian enterprises and in responding to the related inquiries. More specifically, this text investigates the causal sequence and the direction (positive or negative) taken by the relation between the variables that represent the two performance concepts. For that purpose, two variables have been used to represent the financial performance at market values, three variables have been used to represent the financial performance at book values and the Corporate Social Performance Indicator has been here constructed to represent the social performance of enterprises, based on the Social Balance Sheets published according to the Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais e Econômicas (IBASE). Besides these variables, two control variables have been considered relevant in the theory: the size of the company and its industry. Both have framed the statistic model. The analysis period (from 2000 to 2002) of the relation between the variables and the research sample has been somewhat short, mostly due to the fragility of the corporate social performance database and to the embryonic condition of the issue in Administration in Brazil. The analyses have been accomplished in yearly periods, with and without one-year temporal gaps, so that six alternative hypotheses proposed for already existing model could be tested. The statistic analysis was developed through a correlations matrix, models of multiple linear regression processed by the ordinary least squares method, models of heteroskedasticity-consistent standard error and covariance regression and of robust regression. Most of the results have not been able to reject the null hypothesis of the model, which means that there is no statistically meaningful relation between corporate social and financial performances. However, some of the results provided by the regressions that adopted book value measurement of financial performance denote, at some analysis periods, the existence of a positive relation between the two performances, which somehow reinforces the idea that the administration of stakeholders may provide an improved financial performance. Nevertheless, the causal sequence of the relation has not been clear, considering that either a better or worse corporate social performance has caused a better or worse financial performance; and that the latter may have caused the former. On the other hand, the relation between the variables of corporate financial performance at market values and the corporate social performance indicator has proven quite contradictory, which enhances the results accomplished in previous researches and articles on the subject. Finally, the control variable of enterprise size has proven meaningless for the model, while the control variable of industry has presented quite diverse results. Thus, the results are inconclusive, according to the existing literature, which identifies the conceptual limitations, such as lack of definition of key-concepts; and the empirical limitations, like lack or inadequacy of database, which permeates most of the researches on the subject and deteriorates in the Brazilian reality. For new researches, special attention should be paid to the representation of corporate social performance, making it more extensive and robust; likewise, the usage of different temporal windows for the statistic model, which would allow the accomplishment of more conclusive results. It is important to notice that recent institutional initiatives in the country have met with the needs of researchers interested in the subject, which stimulates and favors the development of future investigations.

No contexto atual dos mercados globalizados, as empresas enfrentam uma competicao cada vez mais complexa na obtencao de capital. Para atrai-lo, elas precisam oferecer um retorno que remunere o risco assumido pelos investidores, ou seja, gerar valor. A Gestao Baseada no Valor defende a maximizacao de riqueza dos acionistas como a meta principal da organizacao. No Brasil, essa abordagem tem sido adotada de forma mais intensa na ultima decada, tornando evidente a necessidade de monitorar o valor da firma nessa economia. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais direcionadores de valor das empresas de capital aberto nao financeiras brasileiras, representadas pelas companhias com acoes negociadas na Bolsa de Valores de Sao Paulo (BM&FBOVESPA), no periodo de 2000 a 2009. Para isso, foram avaliados quais indicadores financeiros estavam mais relacionados a geracao de valor, representada pelo Valor Economico Agregado (VEA), de forma a serem considerados direcionadores desse em cada setor economico. As tecnicas estatísticas utilizadas para esse proposito foram: correlacao, teste t para diferenca de medias entre as empresas com VEA positivo e negativo, regressao multipla, regressao em painel e regressão logistica. Um dos principais resultados encontrados foi que pelo menos dois tercos dos indicadores financeiros utilizados para analise de empresas nao explicam a geracao de valor. Considerando o universo pesquisado, os indicadores financeiros significativamente relacionados a geracao de valor foram: retorno sobre o patrimonio liquido (ROE), retorno sobre o ativo (ROA), spread do acionista, margem bruta, margem liquida e giro do ativo, todos com coeficiente positivo, ou seja, com relacao direta com o VEA. Alem disso, na analise dos setores economicos, por suas caracteristicas especificas, foram encontradas divergencias entre os indicadores financeiros considerados direcionadores de valor. Em relacao ao desempenho das empresas no periodo de analise, observou-se que a maioria delas destruiu valor, ja que apenas 30% obtiveram valor economico agregado anual positivo. Porem, nao ha uniformidade entre os setores, pois as porcentagens medias variaram de 6,7% (setor textil) a 66,7% (setor de petroleo e gas). Outra contribuicao deste trabalho foi a avaliacao das diferencas na geracao de valor das empresas brasileiras antes e apos a crise do subprime. Como resultado tem-se que, embora o ano de 2009 tenha sido o segundo pior nesse quesito, nao foi encontrada diferenca significativa, no conjunto, entre os periodos antes e depois da crise, apesar das divergencias identificadas entre os setores. Esta pesquisa inova pela sua amplitude, ao utilizar um significativo numero de indicadores financeiros (33), que refletem o resultado de estrategias da empresa ligadas a estrutura de capital, rentabilidade, liquidez, operacao e investimento e, tambem, uma ampla base de dados (345 empresas, totalizando 2.205 relatorios anuais), abrangendo dez anos de analise em quinze setores economicos. Assim, espera-se que os resultados contribuam para subsidiar a tomada de decisao nas organizacoes, utilizando a abordagem da Gestao Baseada no Valor, bem como para auxiliar na selecao e monitoramento das empresas pelos investidores. / In the current context of globalized markets, the enterprises face a competition more and more complex in the capital obtainment. To attract it, they need to offer a return that rewards the risk taken by the investors, in other words, create value. The Value Based Management (VBM) defends the shareholders wealth maximization as the main goal of the firm. In Brazil, this approach has been adopted more intensively in the last decade, becoming evident the need of monitoring the business value in this economy. In this context, the objective of this study was to identify the main value drivers of non-financial publicly traded Brazilian companies, represented by the ones with shares traded in the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA), in the period from 2000 to 2009. For this purpose, it was evaluated which financial indicators were more associated to the value creation, represented by the Economic Value Added (EVAR), in a way that they could be considered value drivers in each economic sector. The statistical techniques used to obtain the results were: correlation, test t for mean differences between the firms with EVAR positive and negative, multiple regression, panel regression and logit model. One of the main results obtained was that at least two thirds of the financial indicators used for company analysis don\'t explain the value creation. Considering the universe studied, the financial indicators significantly related to the value creation were: return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), shareholder spread, gross margin, net margin and asset turnover, all of them with positive coefficient, what means that they have direct relation with EVAR. Furthermore, in the analysis of the economic sectors, because of their specific features, it was found differences between the financial indicators considered value drivers. In relation to the companies\' performance in the period analyzed, it was observed that most of them destroyed value, since only 30% obtained positive annual economic value added. However, there is no uniformity between the sectors, because the average percentages varied from 6.7% (textile sector) to 66.7% (oil and gas sector). Another contribution of this assignment was the analysis of the differences in the Brazilian companies\' value creation before and after the subprime crisis. As a result, despite the fact that the year of 2009 had been the second worst in this criterion, it was found no significant difference, considering the whole sample, between the periods before and after the crisis. However, divergences were identified between the sectors. This research innovates for its extent, using a significant number of financial indicators (33), which reflect the result of the firm strategies connected to capital structure, profitability, liquidity, operation and investment, besides a wide database (345 companies, totalizing 2,205 annual reports), covering ten years of analysis in fifteen economic sectors. Therefore, it is expected that the results contribute to subsidize the decision making in the organizations, using the approach of Value Based Management, as well as to help the selection and monitoring of the firms by the investors.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 29 / Nenhuma / O objetivo do estudo é a avaliação do desempenho econômico e financeiro de empresas calçadistas brasileiras. O estudo contextualiza-se no ambiente caracterizado a partir dos anos 1980, quando o mercado competitivo ultrapassou as fronteiras domésticas, exigindo das empresas maior eficiência na gestão de suas atividades, tendo na contabilidade uma das fontes de informações necessárias para orientar a adequada utilização dos recursos. A pesquisa se caracteriza como de natureza exploratória, quantitativa e documental. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo coletaram-se demonstrações contábeis correspondentes aos anos de 2000 a 2006 e relativas a 15 indústrias do setor calçadista brasileiro localizadas nas regiões Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste. O estudo, com base em 30 indicadores selecionados, possibilitou a análise do conjunto das empresas, por meio do índice-padrão de cada indicador. Em seguida, efetuou-se a análise dos indicadores por empresa. Visando testar o significado dos resultados da análise, foram aplicadas as técn / The objective of this study is to evaluate the economic and financial performance of the Footwear Industry from the 1980’s on, when the competitive market crossed the domestic frontier, demanding more efficiency from shoemaking companies regarding the management of their activities. Within this context, accountancy is seen as one of the necessary information sources to guide the proper use of resources. The study is exploratory, quantitative and documental in nature. Statements of financial accounting from 15 Brazilian shoemaking companies located in the South, Southeast and Northeast regions were collected from the year 2000 to 2006. The study was based on 30 selected indexes, which made possible to analyze the group of companies by the standard-index of each indicator. Following that, the index analysis of each company was made. In order to check the analysis results, typical value techniques were used as a comparative measure of the standard indexes and the statistical correlation tests. The companies ran