Student Number : 9904953T - PhD thesis - School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science - Faculty of Science / This study seeks to combine the knowledge of science and society to elicit the relationship between the harvesting of woody plant species and the local availability of woody species in South African savannas. Ten villages located in the former communal areas and homelands within three broad vegetation types (i.e., Mixed lowveld bushveld, Eastern thorn bushveld, and Natal lowveld bushveld) were studied. The study, conducted in the framework of the coupled human-environment system poses challenges to both scientists and managers (e.g., setting common goals). Data were collected using modified Whittaker plots (MWP) and focus group discussions (FGD), denoting ecology and society, respectively. There were nine 1000m² MWP plots sampled per village, each having nested 1m², 10m² and 100m² subplots. The FGD involved six groups of local people based on gender and age. The study revealed that the harvesting of woody plant species is a source of local disturbance to woody vegetation. Generally, there were more woody species in locations farther from settlements, having a mean of 41.97 ± 3.9, than for the intermediate (38.27 ± 5.6) and near locations (19.9 ± 4.2) within the 1000m² plots, the result of the reduction in species closer to settlements from higher harvesting levels. The larger sampling plot size of 1000m² of the MWP had the highest diversity, decreasing sequentially to the smallest scale (1m²). The density of the woody species was highest in the intermediate locations (517 ± 80 plants/ha), followed by the far and near, relative to the settlements. The Natal lowveld bushveld broad vegetation type had the highest mean density of trees (573 ± 71 trees/ha) compared to the Mixed lowveld bushveld (366 ± 64 trees/ha) and the Eastern thorn bushveld (312 ± 40 trees/ha). The stem diameters of trees were generally higher in the villages of the Mixed lowveld bushveld than the other two vegetation types. The study reaffirmed that anthropogenic disturbances within savannas impact vegetation and need to be studied concurrently with other disturbance factors (e.g., biotic and abiotic or environmental). The mean total coppice shoots of stumps within the 1000m² plots was relatively higher in the near locations (38.4%), than the far (33.0%) and intermediate (28.7%). This difference in coppicing shows that although near locations were less species rich, which is a result of disturbance, the growth of shoots may nevertheless be greater. Harvesting disturbance will possibly favour the regeneration of some species, as well as the maintenance of biodiversity. Whilst 135 woody species (from a total 191 from 42 plant families) sampled in the field were used by the local people, the community knowledge yielded almost twice as many (267 species, from 69 plant families). The ratio of mean useful woody species to total woody species remained relatively constant at about 1.0:1.1 from the near to far locations around the villages and accompanied by increased woody species diversity with distance from village. The MWP sampling yielded eight broad use categories (i.e., medicinal, wild edible fruits, fuelwood, housing and fencing poles, craft (e.g., carving), cultural, local beverages (e.g., alcohol)), and nine for the FGD (the eight for the MWP plus indigenous furniture). According to the local people, the highest number of species was used for medicine (27.8% of species), followed by fuelwood (19.2%) and wild edible fruits/seeds (19.1%). Over half of the species had multiple uses (i.e., three to eight uses), raising questions of possible threats to their persistence. Useful woody species were not restricted to any particular location or vegetation type. Large sized trees were subjected to even more uses than smaller trees, another source of conservation concern. Fifteen of the woody plant species are presently protected by law in South Africa (e.g., Adansonia digitata, Podocarpus latifolius, Mimusops caffra, Philenoptera violacea), while others are facing various forms of regional threats (e.g., Alberta magna, Catha edulis, Ocotea bullata). There is the need to popularise and make people (both local and outsiders) aware of the state of NTFP species, using local and village level information as an additional criterion for describing conservation threat (e.g., proposed “Locally Brown List” – Chapter 4). The older generation of local people were highly knowledgeable in terms of the woody species used for medicine, craft, fencing and housing poles, the middle aged in beverage making species, and the younger generation in fuelwood species. Overall, older males were highly knowledgeable of the useful species. The generally strong correlation (r = 0.99, p <0.0001) between the cumulative woody species diversity from field and community knowledge suggests the need to integrate data using multi-disciplinary approach and also to manage NTFP species. Although threat reduction assessments (TRA) and monitoring have previously been suggested, the participation of local people, harvesters and users will be crucial in making TRAs effective. In conclusion, the harvesting of NTFPs, and the impacts of the changes in the NTFP species on total diversity in savannas need to be understood in order to move towards a more holistic approach to conserving the woody species that may be at risk of extinction through harvesting. Disturbance criteria that describe harvesting levels should be set to guide research and management protocols. Finally, when discussing NTFPs and the species from which they are harvested, management should aim at incorporating all the factors that affect sustainability, such as land and resource tenure and local participation, the political economy, appropriate production and development cycles.

As ações da Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental desenvolvidas no município de São Paulo aspiram enfrentar os desafios específicos de cada território, tendo em vista a dimensão populacional e sua distribuição que, somadas ao quadro de interferência antrópica que acomete os diferentes ecossistemas, comprometem a saúde humana. Diante da complexidade do trabalho desenvolvido pela Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental e das diversificadas condições enfrentadas por seus técnicos, foram realizadas capacitações, compreendendo-as como estratégia de educação que possibilitasse aos trabalhadores se apropriarem das questões ambientais que interferem na saúde e, assim, pudessem encontrar alternativas para os desafios. Esta pesquisa procurou avaliar essas capacitações por meio de estudo qualitativo. Através de grupo focal composto por profissionais das equipes locais de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental, buscou-se verificar a pertinência das capacitações e a metodologia utilizada, o impacto promovido nos técnicos e as alterações observadas em suas práticas, assim como as sugestões para o aprimoramento de suas atuações. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2016), permitindo identificar que, para assimilar e expandir o conhecimento e, assim, responder aos desafios e necessidades das equipes técnicas da Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental será necessário dar continuidade e persistir na formação desses profissionais através de Educação Permanente e Ampliada. A avaliação qualitativa das capacitações realizadas, acrescidas das sugestões que daí surgiram, resultou em Proposta de Programa de Educação Permanente para as Equipes de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental do município de São Paulo, na expectativa de aprimorar os processos de trabalho de seus técnicos e aproximar-se da Atenção Primária à Saúde. / The actions developed in the city of São Paulo by the Environmental Health Surveillance crave to face the specific variables of each territory. These actions consider the population rate and its distribution as well as the actual anthropic interference, which impacts the different ecosystems and the human health Therefore, the strategy adopted was to promote employee training to find solutions to the needs presented, as well as to allow them to appropriate environmental issues that interfere with health and, thus, to find alternatives to face the challenges. This work aims to present a qualitative analysis, through the method of Bardin (2016), of the trainings carried out by the Environmental Health Surveillance. Through a focus group composed of professionals from the local teams, we sought to evaluate the relevance of such training, the methodology used, the impact promoted on the technicians and the changes observed in their practices, as well as suggestions for improving their performance. The qualitative assessment of the training courses delivered, as well as the suggestions arising from those trainings, resulted in the Permanent Education Proposal for Environmental Health Surveillance Teams in the city of São Paulo. The Proposal aims to continue and increase the training of professionals who work in Environmental Health Surveillance to improve the working procedures of its technicians in order to get closer to Primary Health Care.

Background: Mental illness is a growing problem in society, which means that pediatric nurses in neonatal departments meet parents with mental illness more and more often. The pediatric nurse should respond to all children and families in a respectful, empathetic and careful manner, as well as be able to identify the child's and family's resources and needs. Purpose: To describe the pediatric nurses' experience of responding to parents with mental illnesses in neonatal departments. Method: Qualitative design with inductive approach. Data was collected through four semi-structured focus group discussions, with 18 pediatric nurses. Data was analyzed with qualitative manifest content analysis. Result: The analysis resulted in three categories; experience of inadequacy, experience of insecurity and experiences whit good structure and increased knowledge. Frustration and uncertainty were prominent in the discussions and were mainly due to lack of knowledge or lack of cooperation between instances. Anxiety and fear were felt to have a negative impact on the responding between nurses and parents. Feelings of security appeared in good structures and higher levels of knowledge. Conclusion: By raising awareness of pediatric nurses' thoughts and feelings of responding to parents with mental illness, a development and improvement can be made with regard to knowledge and working methods in the field. Education, tutorial and better interdisciplinary co-operation create security, which has a positive impact on the respond and furthermore, the role of the parents strengthens, which ultimately will be beneficial for the child and its development. Keywords: Focus group, Lack of knowledge, Mental illness, Qualitative study, Uncertainty. / Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa är ett växande problem i samhället, vilket medför att barnsjuksköterskor på neonatalavdelningar träffar föräldrar med psykisk sjukdom allt oftare. Barnsjuksköterskan ska bemöta alla barn och familjer på ett respektfullt, empatiskt och omsorgsfullt sätt, samt kunna identifiera barnets och familjers resurser och behov. Syfte: Att beskriva barnsjuksköterskors upplevelse av att bemöta föräldrar med psykiska sjukdomar på neonatalavdelningar. Metod: Kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats. Data samlades in genom fyra semistrukturerade fokusgruppsdiskussioner, med 18 barnsjuksköterskor. Data analyserades med kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier; upplevelse av otillräcklighet, upplevelse av otrygghet och upplevelser vid god struktur och ökad kunskap. Frustration och osäkerhet var framträdande i diskussionerna och uppkom främst på grund av kunskapsbrist eller bristande samarbete mellan instanser. Oro och rädsla upplevdes påverkade bemötandet negativt. Trygghetskänslor infann sig vid goda strukturer och högre kunskapsnivå. Slutsats: Genom att öka medvetenheten om barnsjuksköterskors tankar och känslor av att bemöta föräldrar med psykisk sjukdom, kan en utveckling och förbättring ske avseende kunskap och arbetssätt inom området. Utbildning, handledning och bättre tvärprofessionellt samarbete skapar trygghet vilket påverkar bemötandet positivt och vidare stärker föräldrarnas roll, något som i slutändan blir gynnsamt för barnet och dess utveckling. Nyckelord: Fokusgrupp, Kvalitativ studie, Kunskapsbrist, Osäkerhet, Psykiska ohälsa.

Os cursos de licenciatura são uma primeira oportunidade para que os saberes da profissionalidade docente sejam trabalhados. É possível que o estudo dos saberes a respeito da educação ambiental e do meio ambiente contribua para reconhecer a existência destes saberes entre os licenciandos e prepara-los para compreender a crise ambiental e suas implicações para a forma de trabalho do professor com uma atuação docente efetiva nas questões socioambientais. Saberes são entendidos enquanto como os conhecimentos que fundamentam o ato de ensinar no ambiente escolar, não sendo apenas os conhecimentos relativos a pedagogia, mas também uma série de conhecimentos, habilidade e atitudes docentes. Assim, a importância de relacionar a formação de professores à educação ambiental reside na atual crise ambiental pela qual a humanidade passa, resultado de uma visão cartesiana de mundo. Neste interim a educação ambiental pode ser uma oportunidade para a construção de um posicionamento crítico frente ao ambiente, tal como indicam os autores da área e os documentos sobre educação ambiental. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar e entender os saberes docentes a respeito da educação ambiental e meio ambiente a partir das ideias expressas pelos licenciandos de dois cursos de Licenciatura da ESALQ-USP. Para realizar a investigação qualitativa que busca compreender o objeto dentro de seu contexto histórico e social, foram realizados dois grupos focais, em 2014 e em 2015 com licenciandos voluntários, o primeiro com quatro participantes e o segundo com três, com a realização de oito reuniões cada a respeito de meios ambiente, educação ambiental para analisar os saberes docentes expressos. Como forma de análise, as ideias chave apresentadas pelos participantes em cada reunião foram organizadas em quadros síntese. Estes orientaram a análise das falas dos participantes de forma contextualizada, considerando a perspectiva do outro. Existe classificação dos saberes docentes por autores da área, de modo que estes balizaram a construção das metodologias utilizadas em cada reunião (por exemplo, a fonte social destes saberes). Como resultado, o grupo focal foi avaliado pelos participantes como um espaço para articular e organizar suas ideias. Os participantes do primeiro grupo não demonstraram articulação entre os saberes docentes, nem relacionam o curso de licenciatura aos saberes da prática profissional, não tendo assim questionamentos ou construções de saberes da prática, a visão de educação ambiental expressa por esses se pautou principalmente em questões comportamentais e aos temas ambientais presentes na escola, embora valorizassem a importância de uma educação crítica. Os participantes do segundo grupo apresentaram suas ideias mais articuladas a respeito da educação ambiental e profissionalidade docente, valorizando a educação ambiental crítica e a interdisciplinaridade, mas não apresentando clareza a respeito de como estas se desenvolveriam na escola. Ambos os grupos expressam que o ser humano é parte da natureza porque interage com ela, estes também explicitaram a visão de natureza enquanto o não urbano. Os participantes expressam que a docência se aprende no exercício da pratica cotidiana sendo a partir desta que o professor aprende a realizar a educação ambiental. / The Teacher Training Undergraduate Courses are the first opportunity for the knowledge of the teaching profession to be worked. It is possible that the study of the environmental education knowledge and the environment contribute to acknowledge the existence of this knowledge among undergraduates and prepare them to understand the environmental crisis and its implications for the way teachers work with an effective teaching practice in environmental issues. Knowledge here is understood as the knowledge underlying the act of teaching in the school environment, it is not only the knowledge of pedagogy, but also all the knowledge, skills and attitudes of the teachers. Thus, the importance of linking the training of teachers in environmental education lies in the current environmental crisis that humanity is going through, that results from a cartesian view of the world. In this scenario, environmental education can be an opportunity to build a critical position relative to the environment, as indicated by the authors of the area and the documents on environmental education. This study aimed to characterize and understand the teachers knowledge about the environmental education and the environment using the ideas expressed by pre-service teachers from two teacher training undergraduate courses at ESALQ-USP. To conduct the qualitative research that seeks the understanding of the object within its historical and social context, two focus groups were conducted in 2014 and in 2015 with pre-service teachers volunteers, the first with four participants and the second with three, with eight meetings being performed with each group about environmental media and environmental education to analyze the teaching knowledge expressed. To do so, the key ideas presented by participants at each meeting were organized in summary tables. These summary tables guided the analysis of the speeches of the participants in a contextualized way, considering the perspective of the others. There is a classification of teaching knowledge made by authors of the field that led the construction of the methodologies used in each meeting (for example, the social source of this knowledge). As a result, the focus group was evaluated by the participants as a space to articulate and organize their ideas. Participants in the first group showed no articulation with different kinds of teaching knowledge neither related the teacher training undergraduate course to the knowledge of professional practice, thus not questioning or setting up pratical knowledge. The environmental education vision expressed by them was based mainly on behavioral and environmental issues present in the school, although they valued the importance of a critical education. Participants in the second group presented their most articulated ideas about the environmental education and the teaching profession, valuing the critical environmental education and interdisciplinarity, but showing no clarity as to how these would develop in school. Both groups expressed that the human being is part of nature because it interacts with it, they also made explicit the vision of nature as the non-urban. Participants expressed that teaching is learned in the course of daily practice, being from it that the teacher learns to carry out environmental education.

The theoretical part of this thesis maps the basic concepts, approaches, and categorization processes related to feedback and coaching. It also describes their relationship in the management of the development of individuals and groups. In the practical part of this thesis are primarily categorized and using qualitative methods of grounded theory explored testimony practicing coaches in the focus group and finally formulated into a number of areas recommended for further verification. Keywords: Feedback, coaching, development, grounded theory, focus group, key event

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-05T16:14:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Romario Cardoso Costa.pdf: 1978851 bytes, checksum: f80696195f1b8d31796941b611e95403 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T16:14:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Romario Cardoso Costa.pdf: 1978851 bytes, checksum: f80696195f1b8d31796941b611e95403 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-11 / The school games, which are historically manifested in Brazil in various forms, is a sociocultural phenomenon in different contexts. Thus, especially in the teaching of federal technical schools, which adopt the system of classes in integral regime, the school competitions play a key role in relations among students. These games has configured over time as a very important activity for the school to attend its community by allowing individuals participating in the development of issues relevant to life. In considering the existence of confrontation, which can make these games, held in the interclass model, the scene of conflicts, misunderstanding and friction, in turn deteriorating relations between the students is that we set out to investigate "as" the model of current pedagogical Internal Games of Florestal Agrarian Development Center - JICEDAF - interfere in relations between the students in the school environment. The method used to develop and operationalize the research was the Focus Group, a qualitative research technique, which aims to obtain data from group discussions with representatives of the study subjects, and representative distinctly distributed among participants and nonparticipants of JICEDAF. Such procedures shall seek an interpretation and analysis of the speeches of four groups debaters from his own point of view, following the discussion of insights. It is a widely used technique in social research, being increasingly employed in research in education. The triangulation of findings with the input of bibliographic material and everyday life in the institution, guided through the nine insights script discussions, allowed us through qualitative analysis, understanding how they are formed and different perceptions, opinions and attitudes about JICEDAF. The results are presented through the content analysis, described as a thematic analysis and analysis of speech elements at times, with the excerpts of the speeches of focus group participants included the text and illustrate in particular categories. Among the participants of the four focus groups, we found that the majority believes that the relationship between students in school improvement. The factors that hinder improvement of these relations between learners are helped by the camaraderie, the creation of new friendships, strengthening the existing friendships; in fostering a harmonious school environment, the change of coexistence, in the closest approach, the interaction facilitated; aid in their studies; in reducing conflicts, the discouragement / blockade the formation of small rival groups / Os jogos escolares, que historicamente no Brasil se manifestam de v?rias formas, s?o um fen?meno s?cio-cultural em contextos diversos. Desta forma, em especial no ensino das escolas t?cnicas federais, que adotam o sistema de aulas em regime integral, as competi??es escolares t?m um papel fundamental nas rela??es entre os discentes. Estes jogos escolares t?m se configurado ao longo do tempo como uma atividade de suma import?ncia para o atendimento ? comunidade escolar, por permitirem o desenvolvimento nos indiv?duos participantes de aspectos relevantes ? vida. Ao considerar a exist?ncia de embate, que podem tornar esses jogos, realizados no modelo interclasses, palco de disc?rdias, desentendimento e atritos, deteriorando por sua vez as rela??es entre os discentes ? que nos propusemos a investigar ?como? o modelo pedag?gico atual dos Jogos Internos da Central de Ensino e Desenvolvimento Agr?rio de Florestal - JICEDAF - influencia nas rela??es entre os discentes no ambiente escolar. O m?todo utilizado para desenvolver e operacionalizar a pesquisa foi o Grupo Focal, uma t?cnica de pesquisa qualitativa, que visa a obten??o de dados a partir de debates em grupo com representantes dos sujeitos do estudo, distribu?dos distintamente e com representatividade entre os participantes e n?o participantes dos JICEDAF. Tais procedimentos visam a interpreta??o e an?lise das falas de quatro grupos debatedores, a partir de seu pr?prio ponto de vista, ap?s o debate dos insights. Trata-se de uma t?cnica muito utilizada no ?mbito da pesquisa social, sendo cada vez mais empregada nas pesquisas em educa??o. A triangula??o dos achados com o aporte do material bibliogr?fico e o nosso cotidiano na institui??o, guiados atrav?s dos nove insights do roteiro de debates, nos permitiu atrav?s da an?lise qualitativa, o entendimento de como se formam e se diferem as percep??es, opini?es e atitudes acerca dos JICEDAF. Os resultados s?o apresentados atrav?s da an?lise de conte?do, com frequ?ncia descrita como an?lise tem?tica e elementos da an?lise do discurso, com as cita??es de trechos das falas dos participantes dos grupos focais integradas ao texto e que ilustram categorias em particular. Entre os participantes dos quatro grupos focais, constatamos que a maioria entende que a rela??o entre os alunos no ambiente escolar melhora. Os fatores que interferem na melhoria dessas rela??es entre os discentes, est?o amparados no coleguismo; na cria??o de novas amizades; no refor?o ?s amizades j? existentes; no favorecimento a um ambiente escolar harmonioso; na mudan?a de conviv?ncia; na maior aproxima??o; na intera??o facilitada; no aux?lio aos estudos; na diminui??o dos conflitos existentes e no desest?mulo/bloqueio ? forma??o de pequenos grupos rivais

No description available.

People with disabilities are both functionally and socially disadvantaged and the lack of access to mobile communication technology adds to their disadvantage. Changes and benefits we have seen in our society with the advent of mobile phones and associated electronic communication for people without disabilities have not migrated to people with disabilities. The comprehensive communication capability of a mobile phone can enable users anywhere to independently access a very wide range of communication, information and control systems and services. This research has addressed the key accessibility issues faced by people with disabilities who need or want to use the mobile phone for voice and data communication. The research revealed that: � there exist accessible features on mobile phones that can better assist people with disabilities in using the phone; � through education and training, people with disabilities can develop or be provided with effective and efficient ways to access and use the phone; � current, off-the-shelf telecommunications equipment such as car kits, speakerphone, voice recognition technology, wireless connectivity capability on mobile phones can enable people with disabilities, even severe physical disabilities, to access the telecommunications network and services; and � with a suitable interfacing system in place, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) device users can operate the phone for voice and data communication, which previously had not been possible. Trials established that people with a range of physical disabilities can use and should have equal access to telecommunications equipment and services. This research has shown that, with the right policies, processes and support through equipment matching, education, training and delivery, current off-the-shelf solutions can help people with disabilities to effectively communicate with other members of our society and to access the same range of information systems and services enjoyed by able-bodied members of the community. An interfacing system has been developed to provide users of AAC technology with the ability to use a mobile phone for voice calls and text messaging (SMS). It is confidently predicted that other features and services on the phone such as speakerphone, digital camera and FM radio, email and internet-based applications, and local or remote appliances and devices, can be controlled via the AAC device. Outcomes and findings have confirmed the main hypothesis of the thesis that, despite very limited mobility, speed, accuracy and vocal communication ability, users will be able to successfully operate the mobile phone itself, and use it for various modes of bidirectional communication with systems to which they choose to connect. The overall outcomes of the research have established that the benefits and usefulness of the mobile phone are so significant that they should become a necessity for people with a disability. It has been successfully demonstrated that, with the proper mechanisms and educational programs in place, the provision of accessible mobile phones for people with disabilities can significantly improve their quality of life through increased range of accessible activities, and will improve their independence, engagement with their peers, safety, security and self-esteem.

<p>När en person söker en första kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården sker det oftast via ett telefonsamtal till vårdcentralen. Vid telefonsamtalet, som tas emot av en sjuksköterska, bedöms och åtgärdas vårdsökarens ärende. Sjukskrivningar är ett av många ärenden som hanteras. De senaste åren har hanteringen av sjukskrivningar i Svensk hälso- och sjukvård förändrats vilket har orsakat en minskning av antalet sjukskrivningar. Sjuksköterskor har i varierande grad deltagit i denna utveckling och denna studie vill synliggöra sjuksköterskans deltagande i vården av sjukskrivna på vårdcentralen.</p><p>Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av telefonrådgivning på vårdcentralen och speciellt hantering av sjukskrivningar. Studien är kvalitativ med induktiv ansats. Datainsamling har skett genom fokusgruppssamtal med 14 stycken sjuksköterskor som arbetar med telefonrådgivning på tre vårdcentraler. Insamlat material analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.</p><p>Gruppsamtalen visade att sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av telefonrådgivning är att arbetet är kvalificerat och stimulerande. Hanteringen av sjukskrivningar innefattar att göra bedömning, ge patienten information och bevaka patientens rättigheter. Hindrande och möjliggörande omständigheter påverkar sjuksköterskornas arbete och deras hantering. De hindrande omständigheterna kan ibland leda till att sjuksköterskan vill frånsäga sig ansvar. Studien har identifierat ett behov av att tydliggöra omvårdnadsansvaret för verksamma sjuksköterskor i telefonrådgivning på vårdcentral så att sjuksköterskans bedömningar i telefonrådgivningssituationen i högre grad baseras på omvårdnadens mål.</p> / <p>When a person seeks contact with community health services in Sweden it’s usually via a phone call to the primary health care centre. By the phone call, received by a nurse, the health seeker’s case is assessed and addressed. Sick leave is one of many cases being managed. In recent years, management of sick leave in Swedish primary health care has changed and decreased the number of sick leaves. However, nurses have in varying degrees, participated in this change. This study will visualize the nurse's participation in the care of patients on sick leave at the primary health care centre.</p><p>The aim was to describe nurses' experiences of telephone advisory services at the primary health care centre and especially the management of sick leaves. The study is qualitative with an inductive approach. Data collection was done through focus group discussions with 14 nurses working with telephone advisory services at three primary health care centres. Collected material was analyzed by qualitative content analysis.</p><p>The group discussions demonstrated nurses' experiences of telephone advisory services as qualified and stimulating. The specific management of sick leave was described as a combination of making assessment, providing patient information and monitoring the patient's rights. Obstructing and enabling circumstances affect nurses telephone advisory services and their management of sick leaves. The obstucitive cirumstances sometimes causes nurses wanting to abdicate responsibility. The study has identified a need to clarify the caring responsibility for nurses in telephone advice services so that nurse's assessments increasingly are based on caring goales.</p>

<p>Depression och psykisk ohälsa är idag ett stort hälsoproblem. Trots att motionens positiva hälsoeffekter är välkända är det få inom sjukvården som använder fysisk aktivitet som  kompletterande behandling vid depressionstillstånd. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att identifiera och beskriva personalens erfarenhet och syn på fysisk aktivitet som en del av den psykiatriska omvårdnaden vid depressionstillstånd. Studien var en kvalitativ studie med strukturerande fokusgrupp intervjuer som analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys där ett huvudtema; Att ha kunskap och idéer men att inte få till det, två teman och sju subteman utgjorde resultatet. Resultatet från studien visade att vårdpersonalen upplevde att det var bättre förr då det var en mer strukturerad tillvaro med motion och planerade aktiviteter på varje avdelning som patienterna skulle delta i. Resultatet visade både på hinder och möjligheter när det gällde fysisk aktivitet som omvårdnadsåtgärd. Slutsatsen var att personalen hade stora kunskaper kring omvårdnadsåtgärder vid depression men det fanns ett stort behov av förbättrade rutiner för fysisk aktivitet vid depression för linneliggande patienter.</p> / <p>Depression and mental illness is now a major health problem. Although the physical health benefits are well known, there are few in health care that uses physical activity as complementary treatment of depression state. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identity and describe staff's experience and views on physical activity as part of psychiatric care for depression condition. The study was a qualitative study of structuring focus group interviews who were analyzed using content analysis in which a major theme; To have knowledge and ideas but not getting to it, two themes and seven subthemes, was the result. The results of the study showed that nursing staff felt that it was better before when it was a more structured life with exercise and planned activities of each department that the patients would participate in. The results showed both obstacles and opportunities in terms of physical activity as health care measure. The conclusion is that the staff has knowledge of care measures for depression but it is a great need for improved physical activity on depression for patients in psychiatric clinic.</p>