Le jeu casual est un phénomène majeur de l’industrie vidéoludique, pourtant il reste peu étudié et mal considéré. Les quelques définitions scientifiques recensées présentent des divergences importantes, ainsi qu’un décalage par rapport aux jeux produits. Les modèles théoriques en design de jeu, centrés sur le gameplay, semblent inadéquats face à ce phénomène. En utilisant le modèle du praticien réflexif de Donald Schön, l’objectif de notre recherche est d’apporter un nouvel éclairage sur le jeu casual grâce au savoir professionnel des designers de jeux. Notre approche est qualitative, d’inspiration phénoménologique : nous avons recueilli l’expérience de huit designers de jeux par l’intermédiaire d’entretiens semi-dirigés proches du récit de pratique. Nos résultats montrent que les concepts utilisés dans les modèles vidéoludiques traditionnels restent pertinents pour définir le jeu casual, mais demandent à être retravaillés afin de rendre compte des mutations de l’expérience de jeu. Ainsi, un challenge dans un jeu casual n’est pas un obstacle mais une opportunité d’action pour le joueur. De plus, la progression se fait par la variation des challenges plutôt que par l’augmentation de la difficulté. Ensuite, certains concepts qui semblaient pertinents pour définir les jeux casual, tels que la fiction positive, ont été rejetés par nos participants. Enfin, notre étude a permis de rassembler des informations sur le rôle du designer de jeu casual et le contexte dans lequel il exerce, ce qui permet d’expliquer certaines causes de la vision péjorative du jeu casual. / Casual games are one of the main phenomena in the video game industry, but remain under-explored and are not highly regarded. Scientific definitions are scarce, inconsistent, and often disconnected from actual games. Further, theoretical models for game design, centered on gameplay, often fall short in defining casual games. The objective of this study is to use Donald Schön's model of the reflective practitioner to shed a new light on casual games through the collection of professional knowledge of game designers. This study follows a qualitative approach with phenomenological inspiration. Eight one-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with casual game designers who were asked to provide a narrative of their professional practice. Results show that traditional game design concepts remain relevant for understanding and defining casual games, but need to be reworked in the light of new experiences and contexts in gaming. Namely, challenge is no longer synonymous with obstacle, but should be considered as an opportunity of a player’s action. Progression should be based on the variation of challenges instead of increasing difficulty. In addition, participants rejected some concepts that were previously considered appropriate for defining casual games, like positive fiction. Finally, this study provides insight into the role of casual game designers and the context of their work, which can help explain the often negative perception of casual games.

Online mathandel är en ständigt växande tjänst i Sverige eftersom fler människor börjar handla sin mat på nätet. Trots det äter svenskarna inte nyttigt då över 51% av befolkningen är överviktiga eller lider av fetma vilket kan leda till allvarliga sjukdomar. Inkluderingen av frukt och grönsaker i den dagliga kosten har visat sig vara det optimala sättet att motverka övervikt och sjukdomar. Sedan år 2010 har termen gamification bildats och inneburit att spelelement har använts inom olika sammanhang utanför spel. Studier har visat att implementeringen av gamification och spelelement som exempelvis poäng, badgesoch leaderboards inom olika tjänster har haft positiva inverkan inom lärande, undervisning och framförallt motivation. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur gamification kunde motivera människor att handla mer frukt och grönsaker via en online mathandelssida. Studien genomfördes med en high-fidelity prototyp innehållande spelelementen badges, leaderboards, avatarer, poäng, förloppsindikatorer och feedback och testades på sex deltagare som tidigare hade handlat mat på nätet. De kvalitativa metoderna observation och intervju användes för att generera resultatet. Undersökningen resulterade i att deltagarna upplevde ökad motivation för att handla mer frukt och grönsaker och visade att gamification även kunde implementeras inom mathandel på nätet. / Online grocery shopping is an ever-growing service in Sweden, as more people are starting to purchase their food online. Despite this, the Swedes do not eat well since over 51% of the population is overweight or obese, which can lead to serious diseases. The inclusion of fruits and vegetables in the daily diet has proven to be the optimal way to counteract obesity and diseases. Since year 2010, the term gamification has been formed and has meant that game elements have been used in different contexts outside of games. Studies have shown that the implementation of gamification and game elements such as points, badges and leaderboards in various services has had a positive impact on learning, teaching and, above all, motivation. The purpose of the study was to investigate how gamification could motivate people to purchase more fruit and vegetables via an online grocery shopping site. The study was conducted with a high-fidelity prototype containing the game elements badges, leaderboards, avatars, points, levels and feedback and was tested on six participants who had previously purchased food online. The qualitative methods of observation and interview were used to generate the result. The study resulted in the participants experiencing increased motivation to purchase more fruit and vegetables and showed that gamification could also be implemented in online grocery shopping services.

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This thesis analyses how an increase in bullying awareness can be produced in children aged 9-12 years old playing an iPad serious game called Attitude Game. The project is conducted in collaboration with the company IUS Innovation, where two prototypes were developed by the author of the study, one with mechanics empowering not to bully and the other with mirror mechanics empowering to bully other children. The experiment was conducted with 29 children from a sports club in Göteborg.  A pre-measurement of empathy and a pre-test-post-test measurement of attitude towards bullied children were used to gather data, together with a post-interview during the experiment. Students were assigned to 3 groups, based on a random selection and previous knowledge about the game. The result of the experiment displayed that there was no statistical difference between the change in attitude towards bullied children regarding the empathy level and the prototype tested. The post-interviews displayed that all the participants understood the serious purpose of the game / <p>In case of further contact, you can also write to the private email of the author: carlosglesdiaz@gmail.com</p>

Le jeu casual est un phénomène majeur de l’industrie vidéoludique, pourtant il reste peu étudié et mal considéré. Les quelques définitions scientifiques recensées présentent des divergences importantes, ainsi qu’un décalage par rapport aux jeux produits. Les modèles théoriques en design de jeu, centrés sur le gameplay, semblent inadéquats face à ce phénomène. En utilisant le modèle du praticien réflexif de Donald Schön, l’objectif de notre recherche est d’apporter un nouvel éclairage sur le jeu casual grâce au savoir professionnel des designers de jeux. Notre approche est qualitative, d’inspiration phénoménologique : nous avons recueilli l’expérience de huit designers de jeux par l’intermédiaire d’entretiens semi-dirigés proches du récit de pratique. Nos résultats montrent que les concepts utilisés dans les modèles vidéoludiques traditionnels restent pertinents pour définir le jeu casual, mais demandent à être retravaillés afin de rendre compte des mutations de l’expérience de jeu. Ainsi, un challenge dans un jeu casual n’est pas un obstacle mais une opportunité d’action pour le joueur. De plus, la progression se fait par la variation des challenges plutôt que par l’augmentation de la difficulté. Ensuite, certains concepts qui semblaient pertinents pour définir les jeux casual, tels que la fiction positive, ont été rejetés par nos participants. Enfin, notre étude a permis de rassembler des informations sur le rôle du designer de jeu casual et le contexte dans lequel il exerce, ce qui permet d’expliquer certaines causes de la vision péjorative du jeu casual. / Casual games are one of the main phenomena in the video game industry, but remain under-explored and are not highly regarded. Scientific definitions are scarce, inconsistent, and often disconnected from actual games. Further, theoretical models for game design, centered on gameplay, often fall short in defining casual games. The objective of this study is to use Donald Schön's model of the reflective practitioner to shed a new light on casual games through the collection of professional knowledge of game designers. This study follows a qualitative approach with phenomenological inspiration. Eight one-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with casual game designers who were asked to provide a narrative of their professional practice. Results show that traditional game design concepts remain relevant for understanding and defining casual games, but need to be reworked in the light of new experiences and contexts in gaming. Namely, challenge is no longer synonymous with obstacle, but should be considered as an opportunity of a player’s action. Progression should be based on the variation of challenges instead of increasing difficulty. In addition, participants rejected some concepts that were previously considered appropriate for defining casual games, like positive fiction. Finally, this study provides insight into the role of casual game designers and the context of their work, which can help explain the often negative perception of casual games.

Since its inception, the video game industry has been both a new medium for art and innovation as well as a major driving force in the advancements of many technologies. The often overlooked video game industry has turned from a hobby to a multi-billion dollar industry in its short, forty year life. People of all ages and genders across the world are playing video games at a higher clip than ever before. With so many new gamers and emerging technologies, it is an exciting time for the industry. The landscape is constantly changing and successful business models of the past will need to find ways to adapt if they wish to remain successful in the growing industry. Looking at how past trends and technological innovations have driven the industry gives understanding and insight into where it is at today and where it will go in the future. Video games have become an interactive art medium which inspires users to explore and create. The digitalization of games and their extreme popularity reflect our instinctive desire to seek out game-playing for its fun, cooperative, and competitive nature.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:07:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERRAZ_JUNIOR_Wilton_2015.pdf: 16420702 bytes, checksum: 618d7c194c6a9fff0f67ef9767ad5f99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-29 / This work aims to develop a novel method to design educational games, following Extreme Programming and Scrum Agile Methods and screenplays under the dilemmas and mechanical game re-guise concepts, which are already widely accepted in the literature. Workshops using the proposed method were conducted in order to identify the demands of educators and students from elementary and middle school and also the viability in the implementation of the method as a support tool to the teaching process. The validation results and the method acceptance were evaluated by statistical tests, which are also widely explored in the literature for similar samples. The final remarks show the successful methods evolution and their validation results under the considered classrooms context. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um novo método para a produção de jogos educativos, baseado nos métodos ágeis Scrum e Extreme Programming, além de utilizar conceitos de produção de roteiros baseados em dilemas e utilização de técnicas de rerroupagem de mecânicas de jogos já existentes e amplamente aceitas pela literatura. Foram realizadas oficinas, que utilizaram versões do método proposto, para identificar as demandas de professores e alunos do ensino médio e fundamental, e verificar qual delas apresentavam viabilidade de implantação como ferramenta de apoio ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Os resultados obtidos, tanto em relação à aceitação do método e como em relação à melhora dos indicadores de aprendizagem dos conceitos apresentados durante as oficinas, foram analisados utilizando testes estatísticos específicos, amplamente explorados na literatura. Os resultados dos testes permitiram o aprimoramento e a validação do método proposto dentro do contexto de sala de aula.

This research looks at how interactive marketing can become more motivating for customers by designing it as a full game, not only by adding some game elements like in gamification. The result of the research gives marketers an alternative and complementary way of incorporating game design in marketing.The theory builds on fundamental online game elements and player types, assembled into a model for analysis also useful as a planning tool. The research conducted a qualitative case study of the Volvo XC90 First Edition campaign which gave insight on how game theories can be applied for more engaging interactions. Through dialogue with team members and an overview of design artefacts it showed that when all elements reinforce each other for a certain mix of player types, not only one type, it creates dynamics that strongly motivates the audience to interact. The data also revealed that when any of the fundamental elements are missing the result will not be as engaging, which confirms what have already been found in earlier research. / Denna studie undersöker hur interaktiv marknadsföring kan bli mer motiverande för kunderna genom att designa det som ett komplett spel, inte bara med några spelelement som i spelifiering. Resultatet ger marknadsförare ett alternativ och komplement till hur man kan använda teorier från speldesign för bättre interaktion. Teorin baseras på grundläggande spelelement och spelartyper som har satts samman i en analytisk modell, också användbar som ett planeringsverktyg. Studien genomfördes i en kvalitativ fallstudie av Volvo XC90 First Edition-kampanjen och gav insikt om hur spelteorier kan tillämpas. Genom dialog med medarbetare i kampanjens projektgrupp och en överblick över designartefakter visade det sig att när alla element förstärker varandra för en specifik mix av spelartyper, inte bara en typ av spelare, skapar det en dynamik som starkt motiverar målgruppen att interagera. Studien visade också att när några av de grundläggande elementen saknas blir inte interaktionen lika engagerande vilket bekräftar vad tidigare forskning hittat.

This thesis analyses if the change of auditory feedback can improve the effectiveness of performance in the interaction with a non-visual system, or with a system used by individuals with visual impairment. Two prototypes were developed, one with binaural audio and the other with stereo audio. The interaction was evaluated in an experiment where 22 participants, divided into two groups, performed a number of interaction tasks. A post-interview were conducted together with the experiment. The result of the experiment displayed that there were no great difference between binaural audio and stereo regarding the speed and accuracy of the interaction. The post-interviews displayed interesting differences in the way participants visualized the virtual environment that affected the interaction. This opened up interesting questions for future studies.