Orientador: Luzia Margareth Rago / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T18:33:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AraujoJunior_JoseCarlosde_M.pdf: 406656 bytes, checksum: 6c87cb93d163963a1341b60a6228b5b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Londrina, situada no norte do Paraná, é uma cidade que, apesar de planejada segundo os moldes racionalistas dos desbravadores ingleses em 1929, não deixou de possuir controvérsias. Além de capital mundial do café, também foi uma cidade muito boêmia, onde surgem os personagens noturnos fora de seus ofícios convencionais, à parte do utilitarismo do trabalho diurno. Travestis da década de 1970 e 1980 é o tema aqui estudado, ramificando a abordagem para discussões como prostituição, saber médico-psiquiátrico, gênero performático e corpo. Histórias de vida são relatadas com o intuito de discutir os temas como a relação entre as travestis e o meio sócio-cultural que as cerca, a metamorfose de si através das vestimentas e a interferência radical na anatomia / Abstract: Londrina, situated in the north of Paraná, even though projected as a city in reasonable ways of the English colonizers in 1929, don¿t was a land without controversies. Farther a world coffee capital, was a very bohemian city to, emerging from it some nocturnal characters out of them conventional occupations, out of the diurn work utilitarism. The subject here study is the transvestites of the 1970¿s and the 1980¿s, ramifying the broach to other subjects like prostitution, medical-psychiatric knowledge, gender performance and the body. Histories of lifes are related with the purpose of debating the subjects like the relations between the transvestites and the social-cultural environment that surround them, the self-metamorphosis through the clothing and the radical interference on the anatomy / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História

Diploma thesis "Sport and Intersexuality in Media" deals with the topic of intersexuality in professional sport, which was at the centre of media attention during the World Athletics Championship in Berlin in August 2009, as the South African athlete Caster Semenya won on the 800 m track. Because of her sports performance in conjunction with her appearance she had to undergo a sex test and until its evaluation she was excluded from athletic competitions. The aim of the study was to analyse texts published by selected nationally distributed Czech printed journals by using the quantitative content analysis and to describe the image of intersexuality, a publicly infrequently discussed topic, media submit to its readers, to capture any differences in the presentation of intersexuality and intersex people between the analysed media and to evaluate, whether and how the media contribute to retaining of the existing power order discriminating intersex people or whether they try to undermine this order.

Women-related research is a neglected area, and knowledge about menopause has been defined as low. The consequences result in unequal living conditions depending on biological sex and age. Menopause is not only a biological process, but also a phase of life lived under social conditions. Menopause should thus be managed in a social context, such as working life and leisure life. The purpose of this essay was to increase the understanding of menopause as a phase in life based on women's experiences. To answer the purpose, these research questions were asked: What does menopause symbolize according to the women's stories? Which actors contribute to women's understanding of menopause? How do biological sex and age become important in women's stories? The study has been based on a qualitative approach and has been based on eight semi-structured interviews with women who have been in menopause.The results showed that associations with an older age and hot flashes were what menopause was mainly linked to, and was also the women's understanding of menopause before they entered it themselves. These associations are also what seem to have been discussed openly in social contexts, despite the fact that the experience of menopause is significantly greater than that. The women also gradually created an understanding of menopause through professions and others with similar experiences, but mainly through associations with their mother or grandmother's experiences. When classic discursive symptoms such as hot flashes were absent and their age was considered too young, several of the women experienced a prolonged process and delayed help, mainly due to lack of understanding from the health care system. In this way,the body's gender and age became important, for how and if menopause was perceived, both by the women themselves and by those around them, which can be understood as a societal shortcoming regarding women's health in a social context. / Forskning om kvinnors hälsa och ohälsa är ett eftersatt område och kunskapen om klimakteriet har definierats som låg. Konsekvenserna resulterar i ojämlika levnadsvillkor beroende av biologisk könstillhörighet och ålder. Klimakteriet är inte endast en biologisk process utan även en livsfas som levs i ett socialt kontext, såsom arbetsliv och fritidsliv. Syftet med denna uppsats var att utifrån kvinnors erfarenheter öka förståelsen för klimakteriet som en fas i livet. För att besvara syftet ställdes forskningsfrågorna: Vad symboliserar klimakteriet i kvinnornas berättelser? Vilka aktörer är bidragande till kvinnornas förståelse för klimakteriet? Hur får könstillhörighet och ålder betydelse i kvinnornas berättelser? Studien har utgått från en kvalitativ ansats och baserats på åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnor som befunnit sig i klimakteriet. Resultatet visade att associationer till en högre ålder och värmevallningar var vad klimakteriet främst kännetecknades av, vilket även var kvinnornas förståelse för klimakteriet innan de själva gick in i det. Dessa associationer är även vad som i huvudsak tycks diskuterats öppet i sociala sammanhang, trots att upplevelsen av klimakteriet är betydligt större än så. Kvinnorna skapade vidare succesivt förståelse för klimakteriet genom yrkesprofessioner och andra kvinnor med liknande erfarenheter, men främst genom associationer till sin mamma eller mormors erfarenheter.  När  klassiska  diskursiva  symtom  såsom  värmevallningar  saknades,  och kvinnornas ålder betraktades som för ung för att befinna sig i klimakteriet, upplevde flera av kvinnorna en förlängd problematik på grund av fördröjd hjälp, främst på grund av utebliven förståelse från vården. På så vis fick biologiskt kön och ålder betydelse för hur och om klimakteriet uppfattades, både av kvinnorna själva och av omgivningen. Detta kan förstås som ett samhälleligt tillkortakommande gällande kvinnors hälsa i ett socialt kontext.

This thesis considers how understandings of the sexed body changed in Britain during the 1930s. Popular versions of sex changeability were grounded in medical science and I examine how medico-scientific research into hormones changed understandings of where sex was located in the body. I examine the historically specific concept of normality, which medics employed to ascertain whether or not individuals ought to have their sex reclassified. I focus on L. R. Broster, a surgeon at London’s Charing Cross Hospital. I analyse Broster’s case studies, published in 1938 as The Adrenal Cortex and Intersexuality, which showed the markers medical professionals were using to assign sex. The thesis investigates how Broster’s work in the burgeoning field of endocrinology generated distinctive narratives of sexual mutability and locatedness in the body. Broster was an important figure in the press stories about changes of sex and provides a link between them and the medical research occurring at Charing Cross. During the 1930s the popular daily, local and Sunday newspapers contained numerous articles about individuals whose sex had changed. These accounts were treated in a mostly positive tone and were held up as being symptomatic of scientific modernity. I argue that this concept of ‘sex change’ does not neatly map on to present day categories, be they intersexuality, transsexuality, transgender or any other. Older categories such as that of the ‘man-woman’ persisted into the 1930s as a way to conceive of sexual ambiguity and changeability. That sex could change, and in particular that women could become men, was an idea that had a wide reach across popular culture. New concepts of hormones and of sex change were also taken up in special- interest magazines, adverts, fiction and popular science. I explore the dissemination of ideas about sex changeability and the role of hormones beyond the press and medical studies to show their pervasiveness. I pay particular attention to two very different magazines, Urania and London Life. These magazines extended the life of articles about changes of sex by reprinting and recontextualising them. They point to the interest that such stories attracted and the ways in which they were harnessed to competing ideological ends. Women's increased participation in sport also changed understandings of the sexed body, having an impact on gender roles and the sexed and gendered meanings ascribed to physical features such as muscles. Women’s athleticism suggested that competitiveness could also be a female trait, and that muscularity was not exclusively male. I consider how the achievements of sportswomen, and the more typically masculine bodies they developed, challenged the received differences between men and women. Attention to the sexed body as a site of cultural concern expands the remit of queer historiography beyond sexual identities and practices. I argue that scientific developments and popular culture coalesced to create an environment in which sex characteristics were not fixed and the sexed body was seen as mutable.

Syftet med vår undersökning har varit att, genom intervjuer med brottmålsadvokater, undersöka hur kvinnliga och manliga gärningspersoner framställs inom domstolsväsendet, samt hur detta kan förstås utifrån ett genusperspektiv som visar hur sociala konstruktioner bildas, reproduceras och cementeras utifrån kön och förväntade egenskaper vi tillskriver de olika könen. Vår undersökning är kvalitativ då vi för att besvara vårt syfte samt våra frågeställningar har genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med ett antal olika brottmålsadvokater som inom sin profession försvarar både kvinnliga och manliga förövare som står åtalade för brott av skiftande allvarlighetsgrad. Som bakgrund till analyserna av empirin har vi använt oss av teoretiska ramar som genus och könsroller samt stereotypisering vilket handlar om den kognitiva snedvridning som kan ske i bedömningen av gärningspersonernas brottslighet. Ett viktigt resultat i studien har visat att det i vissa fall förekommer skillnader i framställningen mellan kvinnliga och manliga gärningspersoner, samt att rättssäkerheten och den lagstadgade objektiviteten genom detta är hotad. / The purpose of this study has been to examine how female and male offenders are represented in the domain of justice substantialised through the Swedish court and legal system. Through interviews with a number of trial lawyers we are aiming for an understanding of these representations related to a gender studies perspective that shows how norms and stereotypes are reproduced and maintained on the basis of sex, gender and expected qualities and capabilities. This study raises questions about objectivity, impartial judgements and in the end justice. We are also trying to illustrate female offenders and how they are perceived in the Swedish court and legal system. Our study is qualitative and to answer our issues we have gone through semi structured interviews with trial lawyers that through their profession has defended both female and male offenders. Our scientific background and theoretical framework is gender and sex studies together with stereotypes and doing stereotypes which is a type of cognitive bias; a subject that we are also presenting. One of the most important results of this study is that there is a difference in how female offenders are represented compared to how male offenders are represented in the Swedish court and law system. Through this result we can see that the statutory objectivity is threatened.

This Master's Thesis studies the attitude that library employees have regarding a sex and gender-neutral treatment of their clients. The analysis is based upon replies to a questionnaire which was submitted though channels directed at library employees, like BIBLIST and BiblFeed. The respondent’s replies contained a number of welldeveloped comments making the resultant analysis both quantitative and qualitative in nature. In performing the analysis a theoretical framework combining Hirdman’s gender system with symbolic interactionism has been used together with literature about gender roles. The questionnaire showed that gender neutrality is a complex concept that can be interpreted in many different ways and is therefore easily misunderstood. It is obvious that sex is an important category when respondents are dealing with their clients, but also that sex and gender are problematic concepts which respondents find difficult to know exactly how to relate to. A lot of the respondents see a need to address gender issues, but a lot of them also state that gender is a biological concept and therefore impossible or unnecessary to have to relate to. In general, in the replies to the questionnaire availability tops the list over important questions to be addressed in the library while sex and gender have very low priority. My belief is that gender norms are possible to change and that sex and gender issues should be prioritized by virtue of being recognised as an availability issue. It is everybody’s individual fundamental values that together form society’s common fundamental values. If we all put on our gender glasses and are prepared to alter how we treat one another we can, eventually, make sex and gender less important categories and begin to see our clients as individuals.

<p>During the autumn of 2007 I carried out an investigation within the bank and finance Sector. The aim of the investigation was to see how informal aspects could be understood in relation to equality within Bank AB? The main question was: Which are the obstacles and opportunities for equality within Bank AB? To answer the main question I asked the following questions to the material: Are there any gender related different within the organization? How are men and women represented within the internal magazine? Which are the conceptions related to sex/gender within the organization? The investigation is based on a survey, the internal magazine was investigated and finally interviews took place. Throughout the investigation I used organization theory in a gender perspective. With the gender organization theory I examined concepts as structures, leadership, symbolism and changes associated with equality. I also used an organization theory based on changing system/non changing system related to equality work. The analysis shows that obstacles related to equality are: masculinity is the norm and therefore is seen as the prototype, focus is on the imbalance between the sexes, direct and indirect discrimination do exist, a risk with internal recruitment are that positions may re-established and equality is placed on the management and staff department. The opportunities related to equality are: improve from management, quantitative aims can improve and contribute for the minority, equality model that has a management position and finally questioning of existing norms and values in the organization.</p> / <p>Hösten 2007 genomfördes denna jämställdhetsutredning inom bank- och finansbranschen.</p><p>Syftet med utredningen var att belysa hur informella aspekter inom Bank AB kunde förstås i relation till jämställdhet. Den konkreta och övergripande frågeställningen är: Vilka hinder och möjligheter framträder för jämställdhet i Bank AB:s organisation? För att besvara den övergripande frågan ställdes följande frågor till mitt material: Framträder det några skillnader inom organisationen som är relaterade till kön/genus? Hur framställs kvinnor och män i interntidningen? Vilka föreställningar finns om kön/genus i organisationen?</p><p>Utredningen utfördes via enkäter, därefter undersöktes personaltidningen och slutligen genomfördes intervjuer. Teoretisk utgångspunkt är organisationsteori med genusperspektiv uppdelat i begrepp som gäller strukturer, ledarskap, symbolism och förändring. Även teoretiska resonemang om systemförändrande/systembevarande jämställdhetsarbete applicerades på materialet. Resultaten visar på hinder för jämställdhet som: mannen ses som norm och blir därmed ”mallen” för dem som ingår i organisationen, för att uppnå jämställdhet fokuseras det på kvantitativ jämn fördelning av kvinnor och män, direkt och indirekt diskriminering förekommer, innehav av positioner riskerar att återskapas genom internrekrytering och slutligen att jämställdhet är förknippat och förflyttat till ledning och personalavdelning. Möjligheter för jämställdhet framträder som: jämställdhetssträvan är förankrat i ledningen, kvantitativa mål kan bidra till och underlätta för det underrepresenterade könet i relation till jämställdhet, förebild i chefsposition och ett ifrågasättande av rådande normer och värderingar kan medverka till en positiv förändringspotential för organisationen.</p>

During the autumn of 2007 I carried out an investigation within the bank and finance Sector. The aim of the investigation was to see how informal aspects could be understood in relation to equality within Bank AB? The main question was: Which are the obstacles and opportunities for equality within Bank AB? To answer the main question I asked the following questions to the material: Are there any gender related different within the organization? How are men and women represented within the internal magazine? Which are the conceptions related to sex/gender within the organization? The investigation is based on a survey, the internal magazine was investigated and finally interviews took place. Throughout the investigation I used organization theory in a gender perspective. With the gender organization theory I examined concepts as structures, leadership, symbolism and changes associated with equality. I also used an organization theory based on changing system/non changing system related to equality work. The analysis shows that obstacles related to equality are: masculinity is the norm and therefore is seen as the prototype, focus is on the imbalance between the sexes, direct and indirect discrimination do exist, a risk with internal recruitment are that positions may re-established and equality is placed on the management and staff department. The opportunities related to equality are: improve from management, quantitative aims can improve and contribute for the minority, equality model that has a management position and finally questioning of existing norms and values in the organization. / Hösten 2007 genomfördes denna jämställdhetsutredning inom bank- och finansbranschen. Syftet med utredningen var att belysa hur informella aspekter inom Bank AB kunde förstås i relation till jämställdhet. Den konkreta och övergripande frågeställningen är: Vilka hinder och möjligheter framträder för jämställdhet i Bank AB:s organisation? För att besvara den övergripande frågan ställdes följande frågor till mitt material: Framträder det några skillnader inom organisationen som är relaterade till kön/genus? Hur framställs kvinnor och män i interntidningen? Vilka föreställningar finns om kön/genus i organisationen? Utredningen utfördes via enkäter, därefter undersöktes personaltidningen och slutligen genomfördes intervjuer. Teoretisk utgångspunkt är organisationsteori med genusperspektiv uppdelat i begrepp som gäller strukturer, ledarskap, symbolism och förändring. Även teoretiska resonemang om systemförändrande/systembevarande jämställdhetsarbete applicerades på materialet. Resultaten visar på hinder för jämställdhet som: mannen ses som norm och blir därmed ”mallen” för dem som ingår i organisationen, för att uppnå jämställdhet fokuseras det på kvantitativ jämn fördelning av kvinnor och män, direkt och indirekt diskriminering förekommer, innehav av positioner riskerar att återskapas genom internrekrytering och slutligen att jämställdhet är förknippat och förflyttat till ledning och personalavdelning. Möjligheter för jämställdhet framträder som: jämställdhetssträvan är förankrat i ledningen, kvantitativa mål kan bidra till och underlätta för det underrepresenterade könet i relation till jämställdhet, förebild i chefsposition och ett ifrågasättande av rådande normer och värderingar kan medverka till en positiv förändringspotential för organisationen.

A schooling system that claims to offer its students the opportunities to develop their talents and help towards self-determination in their adult lives might be expected to have a career structure itself that demonstrated these virtues, one in which there was equality of the genders in positions of influence and leadership, and no gender stereotyping of roles. Apart from the fairness and consistency of that expectation, it is also reasonable to expect the neutral template of teacher employment and textbook selection in schools. Many children may grow up with few books in their homes but lots of those in their schools. Many of the textbooks used in elementary schools, according to recent studies, contain gender stereotypes. In these, females are rarely found as central characters and when they appear at all, they are often passive figures dependent on male characters. Women are frequently shown in domestic roles / in most textbooks it is assumed that only males &#039 / go out to work&#039 / whereas daughters are the best helpers of their mothers whose sons are allowed to do what they wish. In the light of those allegations, this research is designed as a case study which addresses itself to the aim of looking into stereotyped gender role presentations existing in elementary school textbooks used by the students studying at 1st-5th grades in 2001/2002 academic year of an elementary school placed in Burdur and to see whether these students are affected by the exposure of those stereotyped gender role presentations. For this purpose, the textbooks being studied are analyzed according to pre-set categories to deduce how they include stereotyped gender role presentations and the evaluation of the effects of that exposure on students are made by asking 1st-3rd grade students to draw and 4th-5th grade students to write compositions on a given topic. This study also attempts to find out both whether Turkish elementary school teachers teaching at 1st-5th grades are aware of stereotyped gender role presentations in those textbooks that they use and their own points of view about stereotyped gender role presentations via interviews carried out with them. In conclusion, stereotyped gender role presentations are encountered in those analyzed school textbooks studied at 1st- 5th grades in 2001/2002 academic year of the elementary school placed in Burdur and the perceptions of those presentations are also obtained in the drawn and written productions of the students studied at the same school. Through the teachers&#039 / interviews, various kinds of perceptions towards gender role concept and its stereotyped presentations that take place in those textbooks are observed in their sayings

本研究之主要目的在探討（一）性別、年級、出生序與高中生寂寞之關係；（二）父母管教方式與高中生寂寞之關係；（三）手足關係與高中生寂寞之關係;（四）背景變項、父母管教方式、手足關係對高中生寂寞之預測力。 本研究使用調查研究法，並透過文獻分析、問卷調查與統計分析等步驟歸納結論。研究對象為就讀於台北縣市之高中生，共施測1044份問卷，其中有效問卷為906份。研究工具計有：（一）基本資料調查表；（二）寂寞量表；（三）父(母)管教方式量表；（四）手足關係量表。使用之統計方法為：因素分析、描述統計、單因子單變量變異數分析、相關分析、多元迴歸分析，並以Scheffe′法進行事後比較。研究結果如下： 一、不同年級的高中生，在整體寂寞及『寂寞無助』、『缺乏友伴』、『歸屬感弱』三個寂寞向度上均無顯著差異。 二、不同性別的高中生，其寂寞程度具有顯著差異：高中男生整體寂寞較女生為高，並且較女生感到缺乏友伴。 三、不同出生序的高中生，在整體寂寞及三個寂寞向度上均無顯著差異。 四、父親管教方式不同，高中生之寂寞程度具有顯著差異：在父親忽視冷漠管教方式下，高中子女最為寂寞。 五、母親管教方式不同，高中生之寂寞程度具有顯著差異：大致在忽視冷漠管教方式下，高中子女之寂寞程度較開明權威、寬鬆放任管教方式為高；而母親若採用專制權威管教方式，高中子女將較採用開明權威管教方式者感到缺乏友伴以及缺乏歸屬感。 六、父母管教方式不同，高中生之寂寞程度具有顯著差異：大致在父母均採用忽視冷漠管教方式下，高中子女之寂寞程度較均採用開明權威、專制權威管教方式為高；此外，若父母管教方式不一致，高中子女之整體寂寞以及三個寂寞向度之得分，均較父母均採用開明權威管教方式者高。 七、四項手足關係均與高中生之寂寞顯著相關：手足間衝突越高、父母對手足越偏寵，則高中生寂寞程度越高；手足關係越親密、在手足間之相對地位越高，則高中生越不咸到寂寞。 八、背景變項、父母管教方式、手足關係等變項，均能有效預測高中生之寂寞。對寂寞之解釋量分別為:整體寂寞-12.8％；寂寞無助-13.3％；缺乏友伴-14.3％；歸屬威弱-7.3％。 本研究針對上述發現加以討論，並提出建議以供父母及學校輔導人員參考。