Cette recherche interroge la perception du phénomène des déplacés environnementaux dans les pays industrialisés à partir de l'observation de deux catastrophes en Italie. L'analyse de la gestion environnementale et de la vulnérabilité dans le contexte italien, ainsi qu'une étude qualitative sur la couverture médiatique, les discours politiques et le vécu des déplacements environnementaux causés par deux coulées de boue à Sarno (en 1998) et à Cerzeto (en 2005), ont révélé les limites de l'usage de ce concept. De plus, cette recherche a montré que ces déplacements se produisent également dans des pays industrialisés, contrairement aux débats théoriques, aux discours politiques et aux représentations médiatiques actuels, qui se focalisent sur les contextes géographiques spécifiques des pays en développement. Les raisons expliquant les différences dans les discours sur ce même phénomène sont ici enquêtées, avec des instruments propres à la géographie et à la science politique. Les resultats de l'analyse révèlent un dessein politique qui vise à instrumentaliser le débat dans le but de renforcer le déséquilibre des pouvoirs politiques dans les pays industrialisés et entre ces derniers et les pays en développement. / This research investigates how the environmentally induced displacement phenomenon is perceived in the Global North on the basis of the evidence gathered in in two Italian catatsrophes. An analysis on the environmental resources management and the vulnerability in Italy has been associated with a study over media coverage, political discourses and personal experiences about environmentally induced displacements following the two landslides in Sarno (1998) and Cerzeto (2005), highlighting the limits of the use of this concept. Moreover, this research illustrated how, contrarily to the current debate, the phenomenon is likely to occur both in the Global North and Global South contexts. The theoretical, political and media discourses and representations seem to be, in fact, mostly focused on specific geographical areas of the Global South. The motivations behind these different descriptions and narratives on the same concept are investigated, through geographical and political science tools. The findings of this research reveal a political agenda exploiting the debate to reinforce the power unbalance within the Global North and between the Global North and the Global South. / La presente ricerca analizza la percezione del fenomeno dei profughi ambientali nel Paesi del Nord a partire dall'osservazione di due casi italiani. L'analisi della gestione ambientale e della vulnerabilità in Italia, associata ad uno studio qualitativo sul trattamento mediatico, i discorsi politici e l'esperienza personale inerente al fenomeno dei profughi ambientali causati dalle frane di Sarno (1998) e Cerzeto (2005), ha messo in evidenza i limiti della definizione di questo concetto. Inoltre, lo studio dimostra in che modo il fenomeno si produca anche nel Nord del Mondo, contrariamente al dibattito teorico, ai discorsi politici e alle rappresentazioni mediatiche correnti che tendono a focalizzarsi su specifiche aree geografiche del Sud, utilizzando una narrativa mono-causale e deterministica. Le motivazioni che spiegano le diverse concettualizzazioni di uno stesso fenomeno sono qui analizzate, attraverso degli strumenti propri alla geografia e alla scienza politica. I risultati di questo studio rivelano un disegno politico che mira a strumentalizzare il dibattito in modo da rinforzare l'asimmetria di potere nei Paesi del Nord e tra questi e i Paesi del Sud.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur den svenska myndigheten Sida med föregångare använt människorättsbegreppet i årsredovisningar 1956 – 2019. Specifikt undersöks vilken relation detta har till epistemiska jämlikhetsdimensioner i materialet. Med epistemisk makt menas makten att påverka de begrepp och diskurser som ligger till grund för förståelsen av bistånd och utvecklingssamarbeten. Människorättsbegreppet var i stort sett osynligt i materialet fram till1980. Från och med slutet av 1980-talet associeras mänskliga rättigheter starkt till demokratibegreppet på ett sätt som därefter dominerar stora delar av materialet. Under 2010-talet syns också en ökande association mellan mänskliga rättigheter och jämställdhets- respektive miljöfrågor. Även om det finns exempel på formuleringar som reproducerar epistemisk ojämlikheteller återspeglar en eurocentrisk universalism, är exemplen förhållandevis få. Givet Sidas speciella uppdrag, är det naturligt att fokus ligger på problem och lösningar i länder i det globala Syd. Samtidigt bidrar detta dock till en epistemiskt ojämlik helhet av diskurser där den sammantagna bilden blir att det globala Syd utgör arenan där både hinder och lösningar för hållbar utveckling finns. Det kan leda till att de förändringar som krävs i Nord för att uppnå en hållbar global utveckling inte får tillräckligt med uppmärksamhet. / This study examines how the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida)and its predecessors have used the concept of human rights in annual reports 1956 – 2019, and what relation this use has to epistemic equality. Epistemic power is the power over the conceptsand discourses, forming the basis for the understanding of international development. Human rights as a notion is almost invisible in the reports until 1980. As from the end of the 1980s and onwards, the concept is associated to democracy in a way that dominates large parts of the reports. In the 2010s, the concept is also increasingly connected to gender equality and environmental issues. Although there are examples of reproduction of epistemic inequality or mirroring of an eurocentric universalism, these are proportionately few. Due to Sida’s mission, it’s natural to focus on problems and solutions in the Global South. At the same time, this contributes to an epistemically unequal entirety of discourses, in which the overall picture is that the Global South is where both obstacles and solutions to sustainable development are to be found. This way, changes in the Global North that are also necessary to achieve global sustainable development will not be paid sufficient attention. / <p>Godkänt datum 2020-06-05</p>

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