Submitted by Leoná Rodrigues (leonarodrigues@id.uff.br) on 2017-08-30T20:59:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A justiça administrativa numa perspetiva multidisciplinar - Marta Cristina Simoes da Rocha.pdf: 674417 bytes, checksum: dae89bec4499e93c7120a148f8ff39e4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Direito (bfd@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-09-12T13:57:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A justiça administrativa numa perspetiva multidisciplinar - Marta Cristina Simoes da Rocha.pdf: 674417 bytes, checksum: dae89bec4499e93c7120a148f8ff39e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T13:57:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A justiça administrativa numa perspetiva multidisciplinar - Marta Cristina Simoes da Rocha.pdf: 674417 bytes, checksum: dae89bec4499e93c7120a148f8ff39e4 (MD5) / A análise da evolução história da Justiça Administrativa, bem como do seu princípio fundamental e estruturante da tutela jurisdicional efetiva e seus reflexos, considera-se de suma importância para a compreensão do estado atual dos sistemas jurídico-administrativos Brasileiro e Português, no contexto de um verdadeiro Estado de Direito, que visa alcançar o equilibrio entre as finalidades da prossecução do interesse público e da proteção dos direitos subjetivos dos administrados. É através da perceção da complexidade do âmbito da jurisdição administrativa que se nos revela necessária a adoção de uma abordagem multidisciplinar, estabelecendo a sua ligação com as Novas Tecnologias da Comunicação e Informação (NTCI), Jornalismo e Ética, tendo sempre como campo empírico a realidade Portuguesa. Todos estes temas e a sua interdependência demonstram que, atualmente, não existem fronteiras rígidas entre as diversas áreas de conhecimento, que cada vez mais, dada a complexidade do mundo em que vivemos e dos problemas jurídicos advenientes do mesmo, são necessárias análises, não só interdisciplinares, mas igualmente multidisciplinares que contribuam para a construção de uma jurisdição de qualidade e efetiva, de modo a alcançar o fortalecimento do Estado de Direito Democrático. / Within the context of a true State of Law, which tries to strike a balance between the pursuit of the public interest and of the protection of the citizen’s subjective rights, the analysis of the historical evolution of the so-called Administrative Justice, as well as its fundamental and structuring principle of effective judicial protection and its effects, is considered of the utmost importance for the understanding of the modern state of both the Brazilian and Portuguese legal-administrative systems. The perception of the complexity of the field of administrative jurisdiction shows that it is essential to adopt a multidisciplinary approach, establishing its connection to the New Information and Communication Technologies (NICT), Journalism and Ethics, always with the Portuguese reality as the underlying empirical setting. All these topics and their interdependence show that nowadays there are no rigid frontiers between different fields of knowledge; that increasingly, given the complexity of the world we live in and the legal problems stemming from it, not only interdisciplinary analyses are needed, but also multidisciplinary ones, that contribute to the construction of a good-quality, effective jurisdiction, so as to strengthen the Democratic Rule of Law.

Existe um processo de evolução do esporte, uma busca pelo dinamismo que influenciou o jogo técnica e taticamente, acompanhando a estruturação da modalidade manuais de Basquete foram criados como um dos primeiros utilizados no Brasil pela Escola de Educação Fisica do Exército em 1971 até os dias atuais. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho, através de um levantamento histórico da evolução do esporte, tem como objetivo identificar a evolução e o comportamento da defesa no Basquetebol Brasileiro Masculino Adulto, identificando quais são as ações defensivas coletivas dentro de um jogo formal de Basquetebol brasileiro masculino adulto; os fatores que levaram os sistemas defensivos a sofrerem alterações; como a defesa no Basquetebol se articula na forma como o esporte e jogado nos dias atuais. Criado pelo James Naismith com 5 normas para a prática do jogo, para os dias atuais com 8 regras divididas em 50 artigos, o basquetebol passou por um processo de evolução e diversas alterações na dinâmica do jogo aconteceram, por conta desse processo de evolução e alteração das regras, desde os primeiros relatos do sistema defensivo individual até os dias de hoje, que levou a uma classificação dos sistemas defensivos. Para organização pedagógica do trabalho, escolheu-se seguir a classificação dos sistemas defensivos apresentada por Paes, Montagner e Ferreira (2009) e para o cumprimento da análise proposta, foram entrevistados 14 profissionais, dentre eles, técnicos, ex-atletas, árbitros e especialistas. O estudo utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa de natureza aplicada no qual foram realizadas entrevistas individuais de profundidade, baseadas em um tópico guia seguindo a proposta metodologia da entrevista narrativa e para a análise dos dados, a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2016). Ao todo, foram criadas 103 unidades de registro através da análise proposta, divididas nas fases do tópico guia da entrevista. O jogo conceito, atleticismo e a pressão foram grupos focais de análise com maior incidência na categoria de características do jogo, além dos três grupos aparecerem em mais de uma categoria e terem outros grupos que de alguma forma, podem ser relacionados a eles, o jogo conceito e as nomenclaturas ganham destaque, sendo talvez a próxima fase do jogo, a próxima evolução, de um esporte cada vez mais atlético e com o espaço reduzido devido ao atleticismo e as valências físicas dos atletas, sendo o atleticismo um fator determinante para alterações no basquetebol como esporte e em seus sistemas de jogo. Seguindo os objetivos do trabalho, foi apresentada a interpretação para evolução dos sistemas defensivos, dentro dessa evolução, foi apresentada uma classificação com quatro grandes grupos de sistemas defensivos. Concluiu-se que o basquetebol evoluiu devido o atleticismo dos jogadores, que levou ao maior contato físico, os sistemas se articulam através do jogo conceito, assim sendo, se faz necessária a atualização dos conteúdos dos grupos, porém, a classificação tradicional dos sistemas defensivos é considerada válida pelos entrevistados / Since its creation in 1891 basketball has been evolving, internationalized and institutionalized, to the modality as it is practiced today. There is a process of evolution of the sport, a search for dynamism that influenced the game technically and tactically, accompanying the structuring of the game manuals of that was created similar to the one first used in Brazil by the Armys Physical Education School in 1971 until present day. In this perspective, the present work, through a historical survey of the basketball evolution, aims to identify the evolution and defensive behavior in the male Brazilian basketball, identifying which are the collective defensive actions within a basketball game; the factors that led the defensive systems to change; as the basketball defense is articulated the way the game is played in the present day. This research was conducted through interviews with former athletes, coaches, referees and experts of the sports. Created by James Naismith with 5 rules to play the game, for the present days with 8 rules divided in 50 articles, basketball has undergone a process of evolution and several changes in game dynamics appeared, due to this process and the changes of the rules, from the first reports of the individual defensive system to the present days, wihich led to a classification of defensive systems. For the pedagogical organization of this research, it was chosen to follow the defense methods presented by Paes, Montagner and Ferreira (2009) and for the fulfillment of the proposed analysis, 14 professionals were interviewed, among them, former athletes, coaches, referees and basketball specialists. The Study used a qualitative approach of applied nature, using the individual interview of depth, based on a topic guide following the proposed methodology of the narrative interview and for analysis of the data, Bardins Contend Analyses (2016). Altogether, 103 recording units were created through the proposed analysis, divided into phases of the interview guide topic. The game concept, athleticism and pressure were focus groups of analysis with more incidence in the game characteristics category, besides these three groups appear in more categories and have other groups that of some form, can be related to them, the game concept and the terminologies are highlihjted, being perhaps the next phase of the game evolution, in an increasingly athletic and with lesser space on the court due to the athleticism and physical values of the athletes, being the athleticism a determinant factor for changes in the basketball. Following the objectives of the work, we presented the interpretation of the defensive systems evolution, a classification with four large groups of defensive systems. It was concluded that basketball evolved due to athleticism of the players, which led to greater physical contact, systems are articulated through the concept game, thus, it is necessary to update the contents of the groups, however, the classification of defensive systems still is valid

NÁZEV DIPLOMOVÉ PRÁCE V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE Development of system and administration of tax duties in the Czech lands ABSTRACT The diploma thesis concerns the analysis of the evolution of the legal regulation of taxes and administrative fees, especially with their administration within the territory of the Czech Republic Selected few most important obligations, which the ruling class imposed on the population, are described. The evolution of taxes is mapped beginning with the 11th century, when the first states in the region of the current Czech Republic were forming (however, even earlier mentions can be found), and concluding with World War One, i.e. the end of the reign of the Hapsburg monarchy. The main focus of the thesis is to provide the analysis of tax obligations and their administration in the 19th century. The object of the research is the taxation system itself as a collection of individual taxes imposed on the population of a certain region, focusing only on certain taxes. Those were chosen using a criteria defined in the next part of the text. The first and most important criterion is the importance attached to the selected tax at the time of its creation and during the time it was in use, which usually equalled the size of the income the tax was able to bring to the royal budget. In other cases,...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T14:00:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 6001989 bytes, checksum: 60a3e0d6e25d2e648e1c950a28c07369 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation aims to present a methodology for teaching the basic contents of Trigonometry in Basic Education focusing on its historical development and contemporary applications. For we present the contents that we believe to be the basic for this stage of education, addressing the trigonometry of the right-angled triangle, of an arbitrary triangle and of the trigonometric unit circle. We present a brief account of the historical development of Trigonometry, its close relationship with the development of Astronomy and also some of its applications in the present time. We introduct what the proposed and existing curriculum guidelines proposed by the federal and state governments suggest for the teaching of Trigonometry in Basic Education and how this content is covered in textbooks. We present a didactic sequence as methodological proposal with activities that use multimedia, clippings of the History of Mathematics and practical activities. / Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de apresentar uma proposta metodológica para o ensino dos conteúdos básicos de Trigonometria na Educação Básica com foco em sua evolução histórica e aplicações contemporâneas. Para isso apresentamos o conteúdo que julgamos básico para essa etapa de escolarização, abordando a trigonometria do triângulo retângulo, nos triângulos quaisquer e no círculo trigonométrico. Trazemos um breve relato do desenvolvimento histórico da Trigonometria, sua relação estreita com o desenvolvimento da Astronomia e também algumas de suas aplicações na atualidade. Apresentamos o que as propostas e orientações curriculares vigentes propostas pelos governos federal e estadual sugerem em termos do ensino de Trigonometria na Educação Básica e como este conteúdo é abordado nos livros didáticos. Trazemos uma sequência didática como proposta metodológica com atividades que utiliza recursos multimídia, recortes da História da Matemática e atividades práticas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angela Patricio Muller Romiti.pdf: 1013809 bytes, checksum: dec0b3b9190b86b7a86ba5d5cf881c68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The Federal Constitution has included the naval coastal lands as property belonging to the Union (art.20, VII).Nevertheless, its definition is extracted from the article Decree-law 9760/46. Oriented by the temporal criteria (average high tide of the year 1831) and spatial (33 meters), its delimitation is related to its own content of the concept of marine. It is because if not the most stormy theme correlate, the main core of the problematic. Nevertheless, common characteristic to the many species of marine lands are the salty waters, - always subject to the natural influences of the lunar-solar scheme. They are governmental property which constitute available goods of the Union, which title goes back to immemorial times, by the right of the conquest. Also known as marine lands, salty or salty lands, the first mention of which there is notice of under the denomination of salty was made at the Royal Letter of the 4th of December of 1678, although the most famous date back from the 21st of October of 1710 and the 10th of January of 1732.6Administrative practice in the Brazil-Colony, its first appearance in the legislative body, occurred only with the first edition of the Budget Law of the 15th of November of 1831. Although without counterparts in the foreign legislation found in the Portuguese lezirias also, poetically referred to as the daughters of the Tejo which figure is typically kingly, bears the traces of tenure, with respect to the marginal public property. With regards to the existence of free coastal areas for loading and unloading of merchandise, the implemented model was imported from the areas designed for the salty marines or Portuguese salty marines. Therefore, from the association of the LEZIRIAS with the salty marines, it was created the institute by us known as marine lands. Contrary to the supported by the doctrine, similar institution is found in Portuguese lands - they are goods that comprise the hydric public domain of the State, with guard band of 50 meters (Law Decree 467/81, article 3rd), yielded by means of licenses and concessions, by means of tax payments With further economic vision, rather than of safeguard, throughout centuries, the purpose of the marines remain unaltered: it refers to important source of state tax collecting. Lacking safe criteria for the determination of the high tide line of 1831, it is given space to the system of presumptions, becoming public what is allodial, and vice-versa, in defiance of the law. Elapsed more than 180 years of its first legal reference and more than 500 years of the discovery of Brazil there is no complete demarcation.7Such situation remains unaltered, as reiterated in recent study.8 Just this, by itself, justifies the need of the present study: in need of suitable systematization, the legal security gives margin to arbitrary and subjective interpretations, being from the public organs, being from the law enforcers. Furthermore and far beyond its extreme relevance, the few and sparse passages found in the manuals and articles destined to the subject, do not suit its direct social relexes. It was thus found, the primordial need of such study. Being so, given the extension of the subject and in the attempts of making a candid contribution, it was restricted to the present dissertation, to the analysis of the marines. Moreover, it was researched the various legal aspects which entail the subject, not forgetting the practical procedural aspects. By way of illustration, it was inserted paintings from the painter, Benedito Calixto, from Santos, giving colours and contours to the theory. It was thus aimed, to demonstrate how precarious is our system of demarcation, abandoned to the tax discretion, with repulse to legality. Such is our aim: a historical and useful study regarding the marines / A Constituição Federal incluiu os terrenos de marinha entre os bens pertencentes à União (art. 20, VII). Contudo, sua definição é extraída do art. 2º do Decreto lei n. 9760/46. Orientada pelos critérios temporal (preamar média do ano de 1831) e espacial (33 metros), sua delimitação está relacionada ao próprio conteúdo do conceito das marinhas. É, pois senão o mais tormentoso tema correlato, o principal cerne da problemática. Sem embargo, característica comum às diversas espécies de terrenos de marinha são as águas salgadas, - sempre à mercê da influência do regime luni-solar. São bens dominicais que constituem o patrimônio disponível da União, cujo título remonta aos tempos imemoriais, pelo direito de conquista. Também conhecidos como terras de marinha, salgados ou terras salgadas, a primeira menção que se tem notícia - sob a alcunha de salgados - foi feita na Carta Régia de 04 de dezembro de 1678, embora as mais famosas datem de 21 de outubro de 1710 e 10 de janeiro de 1732.2 Praxe administrativa do Brasil- Colônia, sua primeira figuração em corpo legislativo, ocorreu somente com a edição da Lei Orçamentária de 15 de novembro de 1831. Seus principais contornos são encontrados nas lezírias portuguesas também, poeticamente intituladas filhas do Tejo - cuja figura tipicamente reinol, guarda os traços do aforamento, com resguardo da propriedade pública marginal. Da necessidade de existência de faixas livres à beira-mar para embarque e desembarque de mercadorias, importou-se o modelo implantado nas áreas destinadas às marinhas do sal ou salinas portuguesas. Assim, da associação das lezírias com as marinhas do sal, criou-se o instituto por nós conhecido como terrenos de marinha. Contrariamente ao sustentado pela doutrina, similar instituto é encontrado em terras lusitanas são bens que compõem o domínio público hídrico do Estado, com resguardo de faixa de 50m (Decreto-lei 468/71, art. 3º), cedido por intermédio de licenças ou concessões, mediante pagamento de taxa. Com vistas mais econômicas, do que de salvaguarda, percorridos séculos, a finalidade das marinhas brasileiras permanece inalterada: trata-se de importante fonte arrecadatória estatal. À míngua de critérios seguros para determinação da linha de preamar de 1831, cede-se espaço ao sistema de presunções, tomando-se por público o que é alodial, e vice-versa, ao arrepio da lei. Transcorridos mais de 180 anos da primeira referência legal - e mais de 500 anos do descobrimento do Brasil - não há completa demarcação.3 Tal quadro permanece inalterado.4Apenas isto, já por si, justifica a necessidade do presente estudo: carente de idônea sistematização, a segurança jurídica cede espaço às interpretações arbitrárias e subjetivas, quer dos órgãos públicos, quer dos aplicadores do Direito. Bastante aquém de sua extrema relevância, as poucas passagens encontradas nos manuais e artigos destinados ao tema, não condizem com seus reflexos sociais diretos. Constatou-se, enfim, a premente necessidade do estudo. Assim, ante a extensão do tema e na tentativa de trazer singela contribuição, restringiu-se, a presente dissertação, à análise dos terrenos de marinha costeiros. Para tanto, foram pesquisados os diversos aspectos jurídicos que envolvem o tema, não se olvidando do viés prático-procedimental. Ilustrativamente, foram inseridas pontualmente - algumas reproduções de quadros do pintor santista Benedito Calixto, trazendo-se cores e contornos à teoria. Buscou-se, enfim, demonstrar quão precário é nosso sistema de demarcação, abandonado ao alvedrio fiscal, com repulsa à legalidade. Tal é nosso desiderato: um estudo histórico e útil acerca dos terrenos de marinha costeiros

In Sweden, Bachelard is mostly known for his works about poetry and literature, but he was also very productive in philosophy of science. Having studied engineering and taught physical sciences, his main writings in this field concern contemporary physics. He developed the idea of “epistemological rupture”, closely linked to the concept of “epistemological obstacle”. Those notions show science in its historicity and are linked to the idea of progress: a progress that strives not only towards a better approximation of reality, but that can also be seen as a progress of the scientific mind itself. Epistemological ruptures take place when epistemological obstacles are defeated. It is when an epistemological obstacle is met that the ways of thinking that prevents progress become visible; it needs to become an obstacle before we can get rid of it, which causes not only a more precise knowledge, but also a restructuration of the scientific mind. This way, epistemological rupture do not only refer to a historical process, but also to a psychological one. In The formation of the scientific mind, Bachelard shows, through examples taken from history of science, the path that each “scientific mind” has to travel. He analyses science with the aim of finding in its history a history of thought and of its progress: therefore, in The formation of the scientific mind, he gives the same status to the errors of the high school students, as to the ways of thinking that have impeded or slowed down sciences’ developments. By stressing the importance of history, Bachelard insists on the psychological aspects of the constitution of science: as much as it is absurd to try to understand an answer without knowing the question it replies to, it is not possible to cut knowledge from its context of emergence, or to understand an object of study without referring to the subject that constituted it. Thus, Bachelard emphasises the importance of the subject in science, but without making of science something subjective, or without falling into psychologism. The reference to the scientists’ subjectivity is not, for Bachelard, a way of questioning the validity of the scientific discourse; on the contrary, it is by describing science in terms of the scientist’s mind and psychology that Bachelard will find the grounds for science’s objectivity and its success. Bachelard shows science as a practice, as a training of the mind, as an effort involving a lot more than mere rationality, thereby destroying the myth of a universal reason as an underlying principle in the construction of science. / En Suède, Bachelard est surtout connu pour ses travaux sur la poésie et la littérature, mais il a été tout aussi productif en épistémologie. Ayant étudié et enseigné les sciences physiques, ses principaux écrits dans ce domaine concernent la physique contemporaine. Il a développé le concept de « rupture épistémologique », lié à celui d’ « obstacle épistémologique ». La notion d’obstacle épistémologique montre la science dans son historicité ; elle est liée à l’idée de progrès : un progrès qui recherche non seulement une meilleure approximation de la réalité, mais qui peut aussi être compris comme un progrès de l’esprit scientifique lui-même. Ce progrès est accompli lors de ruptures épistémologiques, c’est-à-dire lorsqu’un obstacle épistémologique est vaincu : c’est à ce moment que ce qui empêche la pensée d’avancer devient visible, ce qui cause non seulement une connaissance plus précise, mais aussi une restructuration de l’esprit scientifique.       De cette manière, le concept de rupture épistémologique ne réfère pas seulement à un processus historique, mais aussi à un processus psychologique. Dans La formation de l’esprit scientifique, Bachelard donne des exemples pris de l’histoire des sciences et montre, à travers elles, le cheminement que chaque « esprit scientifique » doit accomplir. Il analyse la science avec le but  de trouver dans son histoire, une histoire de la pensée et de ses progrès : c’est pour cela que Bachelard, dans son livre La formation de l’esprit scientifique, compare le développement des sciences au niveau historique avec l’apprentissage des sciences au niveau individuel, et fait souvent référence aux erreurs des lycéens autant qu’aux bévues historiques. Ainsi, Bachelard met en lumière l’aspect construit des sciences : pour autant qu’il soit absurde d’essayer de comprendre une réponse sans connaître la question à laquelle celle-ci répond, il est impossible de couper la connaissance de son contexte d’émergence, ou d’essayer de comprendre un objet d’étude sans référer au sujet qui l’a constitué. Il ne s’agit pas pour autant faire de la science quelque chose de subjectif ou de tomber dans le psychologisme. La référence à l’esprit du savant ou à l’intersubjectivité scientifique n’est pas, pour Bachelard, un moyen de questionner la validité du discours scientifique ; au contraire, c’est en décrivant la science grâce à la psychologie du savant que Bachelard montre la science comme une pratique, comme un entrainement de l’esprit, comme un effort impliquant bien plus que la simple rationalité, détruisant de ce fait le mythe d’une raison universelle comme principe sous-jacent de la construction des sciences.

Omissions in Crimial Law Abstract The submitted thesis represents a relatively comprehensive, and given the contemporary state of the domestic criminal law theory, also a quite complex elaboration of questions associated with the phenomenon of omission in criminal law. From my point of view, the text itself deals with all significant problems related to criminal liability for omissive conduct. This concerns in particular the subject matter associated with the institution of omission within the doctrine of substantive criminal law, the term of omission in criminal law and the reason and historical evolution of criminalization of omission. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the individual types of criminal omissions and questions associated therewith, including a note of the differences between the traditional dual distinction on the one hand and the newer triple distinction of criminal omissions on the other, while comprising the emphasis of shortcomings of the traditional approach and the advantages of the newer concept. Saying that, in the most part the thesis focuses on the newer approach towards criminal liability for omission and it describes the foundation points thereof in great detail, since I consider it to be the key subject of this dissertation. I also comment on the very important subject of...

This thesis evaluates and constructs a general, product-neutral legal concept and model of financial instruments, as opposed to the product-dependent definitions currently employed in contemporary capital markets law. Through a combination of law and economics perspectives, legal history, and comparative analysis, the study examines the various types of financial instruments currently and previously in use. The legal characteristics and features of these instruments are evaluated and compared, leading to the identification of commonalities that can be used to define a product-neutral concept. The thesis argues that such a concept is more beneficial to the function of the capital markets by removing obstacles for financial innovation while also providing a consistent way to ensure that new financial products are governed by the same regulatory framework as comparable instruments.The thesis also examines the historical evolution of financial instruments and how it has been driven by the evolution of international trade and the demand and surplus of available capital. The proposed concept is applied to current financial instruments, including equity and debt, as well as pre-modern markets, and evaluated in terms of regulation, practical use, and legal characteristics such as transferability and negotiability.The research of this thesis encountered several challenges and limitations. Firstly, the historical and comparative analysis proved difficult to carry out, due to limitation in available source material and language related restrictions, respectively. These limitations were overcome by limiting the scope and by employing contacts with law firms in the respective jurisdictions. Secondly, several key issues proved to require further research to be able to provide definitive conclusions. Such research would have been out of scope and as such, simplified explanations and models were employed. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the practical implications of the proposed concept, including its application to cryptocurrencies and similar assets, and identifies potential areas for future research.