This thesis provides an overview of how students identified as having learning disabilities prepare for school at home. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is focused on the general terms, which are related to the general learning disabilities, their aetiology and manifestations of each single specific learning disability. Furthermore, it deals with counselling support to parents and their children with learning disabilities, the diagnostics and the re-education of specific learning disabilities. The theoretical part also contains the concept how to work with these students at home and the importance of parent participation. This part is also focused on the psycho hygienic possibilities and methodology of home-preparation of the children with learning difficulties. The main objective of the practical part was to find out how children with learning disabilities prepare for school at home. The quantitative method of investigation was used in this research.

The topic of this diploma thesis is communication and cooperation of school and parents about home preparation of pupils. The theoretical part is divided into two parts. The first part deals with home preparation and homework. There are mentioned some suggestions how the homework should look like, how to set it in class and how to evaluate it. A very important section of the theoretical part is a chapter about positive and negative influences of homework. The second part is concerned with communication and cooperation of school and parents about home preparation. We map the possibilities of parent-teacher cooperation concerning home preparation of students. Moreover, we describe how to involve parents in home preparation and how to proceed. There are also recommendations for parents. In the empirical part of this thesis, we research attitudes of parents, teachers and pupils to home preparation. The main method was a questionnaire supplemented with semi-structured dialogues with some of the respondents (teachers and parents). The results of the research show that teachers have a positive attitude towards homework and that teachers think that homework is important. The attitude of parents and pupils is neutral. The majority of parents think teachers should set homework.

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In today's school and society homework is a controversial topic. Some teachers have completely abandoned work with homework, while others believe that homework is necessary. What about the reading homework at the primary school, how important is it? The Swedish school needs to work towards improving students’ readability and increase equivalence so that students’ school results are not depended on their soc io-econom ical background. Homework could be a way to improve the readability among students, but there is also a risk that it neg atively affects equality since all students do not have the same access to support at home. The purpose of the study is to describe why teachers choose to give or not to give reading homework, what the pros and cons they see with the homework are and if they find that the reading homework is different from other types of homework. In order to answer the question I studied earlier literature and research on the subject. I also chose to conduct qualitative interviews with six teachers teaching the subject of Swedish at primary school. The result shows that teachers disagreed with the issue of reading homework and its importance for learning. However, all teachers believe that the more students read, the more the students' readability develops. The advantages and disadvantages of reading homework raised in this study include, among other things, equivalence, time and students access to support. The result also shows that teachers find that the homework is different from other types of homework, for example, because reading is the foundation of many subjects. / I dagens skola är läxor ett omdiskuterat ämne. En del lärare har helt övergett arbetet med läxor, medan andra menar att läxor är nödvändiga för elevers kunskapsutveckling. Hur är det med läsläxan på lågstadiet, hur viktig är den? Den svenska skolan behöver arbeta med öka elevernas läsförmåga och stärka likvärdigheten så att elevers studieresultat inte är beroende av deras socioekonomiska bakgrund. Således skulle läsläxan kunna ses som ett sätt att stärka läsförmågan, men samtidigt finns också risken att den påverkar likvärdigheten negativt eftersom alla elever inte har samma tillgång till stöd hemma. Syftet med denna studien är att beskriva varför lärare på lågstadiet väljer att ge respektive inte ge läsläxa, vilka för och nackdelar de ser med läsläxan och om de upplever att läsläxan skiljer sig från andra typer av läxor. För att söka svar på frågan genomfördes kvalitativa intervjuer med sex behöriga lärare som undervisar i ämnet svenska på lågstadiet. Resultatet visar att lärarna är oeniga i frågan om läsläxans betydelse för lärandet. Samtliga lärare menar dock att desto mer eleverna läser desto mer utvecklas elevernas läsförmåga. De för- och nackdelar med läsläxan som lyfts i studien handlar bland annat om likvärdighet, tid och elevers tillgång till stöd. Resultatet visar även att lärarna upplever att läsläxan skiljer sig från andra typer av läxor exempelvis på grund av att läsning är grunden för många ämnen.

Web-based homework systems are becoming more common in general chemistry as instructors face ever-increasing enrollment. Yet providing meaningful feedback on assignments remains of the utmost importance. Chemistry instructors consider completion of homework integral to students' success in chemistry, yet only a few studies have compared the use of Web-based systems to the traditional paper-and-pencil homework within general chemistry. This study compares the traditional homework system to four different Web-based systems. Data from eight, semester classes consisting of a diagnostic pre-test, final semester grades, and the number of successful and unsuccessful students are analyzed. Statistically significant results suggest a chemistry instructor should carefully consider options when selecting a homework system.

It is difficult to find time to read books today, when many other media compete for your spare time. Is the time that pupils get to read in schools enough to make them proficient readers? In Sweden some teachers debate that the homework is a solution to find more time for the pupils to read, while others debate that avoiding homework will make their teaching more equivalent. According to a research paper from Eckerholm (2018), the lack of time is one factor which makes it sometimes difficult for teachers to help their pupils develop a proficient reading comprehension.  The purpose of this study is to examine four elementary teacher’s perspective on reading homework and what they experience is required to find their students time to read. The study also contains a supplementary study of a larger number of pupils’ reading habits and who they believe have authority over their leisure reading. The study will answer the following scientific questions: How do four elementary teacher reason about giving reading homework to their pupils to read at their leisure time? How do four elementary teacher reason about what is required of themselves and their pupils to find the time they need to develop into proficient readers? What do elementary pupils answer to questions about their reading habits in their free time? What do elementary pupils answer to questions about who they believe  have authority over their leisure reading? The entire study is about increasing and develop a better understanding of the subject, according to a hermeneutic perspective. This study used mainly the qualitative method of interviews with elementary teachers and includes a supplementary study that uses the quantitative method of a paper survey of pupils reading habits and who they believe  have authority over their leisure reading time. The results of this study have been analysed using both sociocultural theory and motivation theory and the research from other sources. The result of this study shows that the interviewed teachers are primarily to sceptical to the home conditions of their pupils to use reading homework. The four interviewed teachers feel that it is more efficient to motivate and inspire their pupils to help them find their internal motivation to read in their own time, without the need to be forced by any teacher or parent. This require the students to take responsibility of their own reading at home. The results of the supplementary study show that most of the pupils that participated in the survey read books at home, they have authority over their leisure reading and that they read with an internal motivation. But the time they spend reading books is not enough. The interviewed teachers all mentioned that their pupils do not read enough on their free time and would need the children to receive support from their parents. The conclusion of the study is that the interviewed teachers feel sceptical towards that every pupil have a proper reading culture at home, which would give these children the time they need to develop into a proficient reader.

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My thesis focuses to parental and teacher's attitude to homework. This work consists of two parts, theoretical and empirical part. Theoretical part contains the terms and definitions of homework. There are a lot of purposes of homework. Another aim is to discover positive and negative effects of homework. A key to success over homework are communication and motivation. The empirical part deals with interviews with parents and teachers. The interview with the parents focused on the main question: What is the attitude of the parents to their child's homework? And the interview with the teachers focused on the main question: What is a purpose of homework? As result came out that the parents agree with the idea of homework and for teachers the purpose of homework is to practise the lessons. KEYWORDS homework, home preparation, parent-teacher communication, family-school cooperation

Denna intervjustudie behandlar användningen av läxor i det flippade matematikklassrummet, så kallade flippade läxor. Flippat klassrum är en pedagogisk arbetsmetod som karaktäriseras av att traditionella föreläsningar flyttas ut ur klassrummet. Istället förbereder sig eleverna inför lektionen genom att till exempel se en videogenomgång online, för att sedan bearbeta genomgångens innehåll under lektionstid. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka en av metodens mer centrala komponenter, läxan, i en svensk kontext.  Studien innefattar intervjuer med fyra matematiklärare från olika delar av Sverige, tre av dessa arbetar på  gymnasieskolor och en arbetar på högstadieskola, Intervjuare behandlar hur de arbetar med läxor i det flippade matematikklassrummet. Resultatet visar att svenska lärares erfarenheter tycks stämma relativt väl överens med internationell forskning. Bland annat i den flippade läxans möjligheter att öka materialets tillgänglighet, men även i att det finns svårigheter i att vissa elever inte gör läxan. / This interview study addresses the use of homework in the flipped mathematics classroom, so-called flipped homework. Flipped classroom is an educational method that is characterized by the removal of some traditional teaching from the classroom. Instead, students prepare for lessons by, for example, watching a video lecture online. Then the in-class time is spent  processing the lectures contents. The purpose of this study is to investigate one of the more central components of this method, the homework, in a Swedish context. In the study four mathematics teachers from different parts of Sweden were interviewed about their experiences working with the method. The results show that the Swedish teachers experiences of the method seem to correspond relatively well with international research. Among other things they talked about the possibility for the  flipped homework to increase the availability of the material, and the difficulties emerging from the fact that some students don’t complete their homework.

Elever som har funktionsvariationen autismspektrumstillstånd har kognitiva nedsättningar som kan försvåra förståelsen av ett textinnehåll i skönlitterär genre. Elever med funktionsvariationen kan vara duktiga på att avkoda text. Det kan däremot vara vårt att förklara innehållet, förstå mellan raderna eller koppla texten till sitt eget perspektiv. Studiens syfte är därmed att öka kunskapen om hur några lärare arbetar med skönlitterära texter för elever inom autismspektrumstillstånd. Frågeställningarna tar upp hur lärare arbetar med olika strategier och metoder kring skönlitterära texter, hur lärarna anpassar skönlitterära texter både i undervisningen samt i samband med läsläxor och slutligen vilka hinder respektive möjligheter läsläxor i genren skönlitterära texter kan bidra med för en elev inom autismspektrumstillstånd. För att uppfylla studiens syfte och frågeställningar har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod tillämpats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. I analysen av empiriska data har den behavioristiska teorin applicerats. Den behavioristiska teorin betonar en individualiserad undervisning, goda läromedel och strategier av upprepningar som arbetssätt. Resultatet visar i att lärarna använde mycket visuella material, boksamtal och läsfixarna som strategier. Samtliga lärare stöttade även en elev inom AST genom att använda skönlitterära texter av elevens intresse med en-till-en-undervisning. Det är i enlighet med vad det behavioristiska perspektivet betonar som viktigt. Samtliga lärare betonade även vikten av att samarbeta med vårdnadshavare, då elever inom AST behöver få en god stöttning och med samma uppgifter i både hemmet som i skolan. Slutligen delger lärarna att elever inom AST har olika individuella behov, därmed är det betydelsefullt att ha en mer ingående kunskap om AST för ett förbättringsarbete i skolverksamheten. / Students with functional variation have cognitive impairments that can make it difficult to understand a textual content in a fiction genre. Students with functional variation happens to be good at decoding texts, but to be able to explain the content, understanding between the lines or connect the text to their own perspective is something that is complicated for a student with functional variation. The purpose of the study is thus to increase knowledge about how some teachers work with fictional texts for students in autism spectrum disorders. The questions address how teachers work with different strategies and methods around fictional texts, how teachers adapt fictional texts both in teaching and in connection with reading lessons and finally what obstacles and opportunities reading lessons in the genre of fictional texts can contribute to a student within autism spectrum disorders. To fulfil the aim and answer the research questions, the qualitative research method through semi-structured interviews has been applied through semi-structured interviews. In order to be able to analyze the empirical data, a behavioristic perspective has been applied. The behavioristic perspective emphasizes individualized teaching, good teaching materials and strategies of repetition as a way of working. The result remained that the teachers used a lot of visual materials, book talks and reading fixes as strategies. The teachers also supported the student with autism spectrum disorder by using fiction texts of the student's interest with one-on-one teaching. All teachers also emphasize the importance of cooperating with guardians, as students within autism spectrum disorder have to receive a good support and with the same tasks both at home and at school. Finally, the teachers reported that students within autism spectrum disorder have different individual needs, thus it is important to have a more in-depth knowledge of autism spectrum disorder for improvement work in school activities.