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Dispositivo interacional em ativaçãoCampos, Paulo Alexandre Faria 14 July 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-07-14 / This work begins by acknowledging, anchored in a few authors, that the way society is
mediatized is the result of a process born from mankind’s need of interaction, from it’s
origin, which is the human condition, the constitution of “self”, and that, combined to the
incessant wave of new technologies creates and continues to create many layers of
communication networks. It also recognizes that said networks will built the visibility spaces
constructed by society, and disputed by historic actors, that generates symbolic production.
As a central objective, this work aims to investigate if there were changes to the production
of meaning on the part of the electorate starting with the television propaganda during the
2016’s Mayor elections in Goiânia and if they could be better understood, as a
communicational event, under the light of Braga’s (2011) interactional devices, and
concludes by proposing an activation element in communicational processes attached to said
devices. In depth interviews, in two groups before and after the HGPE programs, were used
as a qualitative research tool investigating the candidates, Mayor and municipal
management’s public image and the changes occurred in the process. / Este trabalho começa por reconhecer, ancorado em alguns autores, que a forma de
midiatização da sociedade resulta de um processo que nasce das necessidades de interação do
homem, desde o seu surgimento, que é da condição humana, de formação do “eu”, e que,
combinada à onda incessante de novas tecnologias, fez e faz surgir redes comunicacionais de
várias ordens. Também reconhece que tais redes vão constituir os espaços de visibilidade
construídos em sociedade, disputados pelos sujeitos históricos, que geram produção
simbólica. Como objetivo central, este trabalho visa investigar se houve transformações de
produção de sentido por parte do eleitor a partir dos programas eleitorais da televisão, na
eleição para prefeito de Goiânia em 2016, e se elas podem ser melhor compreendidas, como
um episódio comunicacional, à luz do conceito de dispositivo interacional, de Braga (2011), e
termina por propor a indicação de um elemento de ativação de processos comunicacionais
vinculados a tais dispositivos. Como ferramenta de pesquisa qualitativa foram utilizadas
entrevistas em profundidade para investigar a imagem pública dos candidatos, do prefeito e
da gestão municipal, em dois grupos, antes e depois dos programas do HGPE, verificando as
alterações ocorridas.
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Métamorphose, « transmorphose », « allogènese » / le «devenir alien» dans la «transarchitecture» de Marcos NovakRoussel, Marion 24 November 2015 (has links)
Depuis le début des années 1990, Marcos Novak développe une architecture numérique expérimentale qu’il appelle « transarchitecture ». Le fil directeur de cette dernière est l’idée d’un « devenir alien », c’est-à-dire un devenir autre radical de l’homme comme de l’architecture, de l’habitant comme de l’habitation, impulsé par les nouvelles technologies. L’objet de cette recherche est d’interroger la notion de « devenir alien » à partir et à travers deux figures de l’étrangeté humaine : l’Unheimliche, théorisé par Sigmund Freud, et l’Unheimlichkeit, développé par Martin Heidegger. Notre thèse est que le « devenir alien » est une nouvelle figure de l’étrangeté, propre à notre époque. Quand l’Unheimliche serait la figure d’une étrangeté psychologique et l’Unheimlichkeit celle d’une étrangeté ontologique, le « devenir alien » serait la figure d’une « étrangeté numérique ». Par cette expression, nous visons à qualifier l’effacement des dichotomies classiques (proche/lointain, naturel/artificiel, organique/synthétique, etc.) entraîné par nos technologies et l’effet d’étrangeté diffus qui semble en résulter, affectant l’ensemble de nos expériences, de nos représentations et de notre habitation du monde.Nous proposons, enfin, de considérer en quoi, par la « transarchitecture » et la notion de « devenir alien », s’ébauchent à la fois la possibilité d’un « faire-monde » nouveau, ouvrant la voie à un réenchantement, et le risque d’une « immondation ». C’est alors la question de l’éthique qui émerge, une éthique technologique, mais aussi écologique, économique et politique : en somme, une éthique de l’habitation du monde que l’architecture doit plus que jamais porter.Mots-clés : inquiétante étrangeté, « transarchitecture », condition humaine, corps, identité, devenir, habitation, désenchantement/réenchantement, éthique. / Since the early 1990s, Marcos Novak has promoted a digital and experimental architecture called “transarchitecture.” The guiding principle of it is the idea of “becoming alien,” that is to say a radical becoming other of man and architecture, inhabitant and inhabitation, driven by new technologies.The purpose of this research is to examine the notion of "becoming alien" from and through two figures of human uncanniness: the Unheimliche theorized by Sigmund Freud, and the Unheimlichkeit developed by Martin Heidegger.Our thesis is that “becoming alien” is a new figure of uncanniness, proper to our time. When the Unheimliche would figure a psychological uncanniness, and the Unheimlichkeit an ontological one, “becoming alien” would be a figure of a “digital uncanniness.”By this expression, we aim to qualify the erasure of conventional dichotomies (near / far, natural / artificial, organic / synthetic, etc.) carried by our technologies, as well as the effect of diffuse strangeness that seems to result of it, affecting all of our experiences, our representations our inhabitation of the world.Finally, we suggest considering the ways in which “transarchitectures” and the notion of “becoming alien” sketch out both the possibility of a new “worldmaking” paving the way for a reenchantment, and the risk of a “deworldlizing.”Therefore, the question of ethics emerges; a technological ethics, but also an ecological, an economic and a political one: in short, an ethics of inhabitation of the world that architecture must address more than ever before.Keywords: uncanny, “transarchitecture,” human condition, body, identity, becoming, inhabitation, desenchantement/reenchantement, ethics.
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The Engineering Person : Arendt and an Anthropology of Engineering Ethics / Ingenjörspersonen : Arendt och en Antropologi om IngenjörsetikBärring, Philip January 2021 (has links)
In this thesis Hannah Arendt’s theories of science and technology are applied in an ethnographic study of engineering ethics. Seeking to gain further understanding of Arendt’s thoughts, her concepts of The Archimedean Point and Earth Alienation is applied in interviews with engineering students in Sweden’s Uppsala University. The purpose directing this study is thus twofold, it is an attempt to anthropologize Arendt’s thoughts of science and technology, and to further understand engineering’s ethical engagement. The study identifies a dynamic where engineering students create dichotomous mentalities. One mentality is engineering’s demand of a desubjectified instrumental rationality in inherent contradiction to an ethical consciousness, this mentality can be identified as Arendt’s Archimedean Point. In conflict to this mentality lies the intersubjectivity of a socio-politically engaged student concerned with engineering’s ability to create evil. This study makes the claim that Uppsala University’s student traditions and culture encourage the second mentality and forms an important resource for ethical engagement among students.
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Politické myšlení u Hannah Arendtové / Political Thought of Hannah ArendtPodlipná, Zdeňka January 2013 (has links)
The thesis deals with the life and work of the most significant political thinker of the 20th century Hannah Arendt. This work seeks to provide an overall view of her work and lays out the most important aspects of her work in the field of political thought. The thesis focuses on human condition, symptoms of crisis related to the loss of tradition of political thought, as well as the question of evil associated with the emergence of mass society and totalitarian regimes. An integral part of this thesis is the presentation of political concepts which repeatedly occur in Hannah Arendt's oeuvre, and which are undoubtedly essential for human political life. key words: human condition - authority - freedom - crisis - totalitarism - evil - plurality - responsibility - tradition of political thought
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Är vi som Sisyfos? : Vad Camus filosofi om det absurda säger oss om vår mänskliga existens / Are we like Sisyphus? : What Camus philosophy of the absurd tells us about our human existenceSchlottau Eckerström, Rebecca January 2020 (has links)
This essay is an attempt to understand what Albert Camus philosophy of the absurd entails, using the figure of Sisyphus in The myth of Sisyphus as a reference. We all face the absurd: the discordance that results from the confrontation of the human longing for the absolute with the worlds non-absolute character. Camus illustrates this condition with Sisyphus among other “absurd heroes”. But what does he want to tell us about our existence with this metaphor? Is life a punishment? Or is it completely indifferent as Sisyphus improbable happiness might indicate? And how can Sisyphus represent us although he is not mortal in the original myth? In order to answer these questions, I investigate the following aspects of the absurd in this essay: what it tells us about the human condition or even the human nature; if it entails a life in indifference; how it is related to finitude; and finally in which sense Sisyphus is an adequate analogy for our existence. My analysis is a combination of an in-depth study of Camus book and a critical discussion of the commentaries of Robert C. Solomon, Arnaud Corbic, and Avi Sagi on The myth of Sisyphus. I conclude that the image of Sisyphus contains some inconsistencies, but that its main goal is to illustrate the constant act of balance, the conscious effort that never reaches its goal which life is for Camus. Such a life does however not need to be dark or indifferent, but rather on the contrary is an authentic life in knowledge of one’s boundaries and possibilities, a life where finitude highlights the value of what it restrains, a life worth living despite its difficulties. While arguing for this reading of Camus, I also attempt to show how this philosophy of the absurd already contains key elements of an ethical position which according to a common view on Camus only appears in his later works.
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A categoria da ação política em Hannah ArendtMartins, Jeferson Tadeu 06 March 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2018-03-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aims to study the category of political action in the book The Human Condition by Hannah Arendt. This is a category that evidences the search of the author in valorizing the vita activa, understood as labor, work and action. Considering that the totalitarianism of the twentieth century caused a rupture with the tradition of western political thought, Arendt proposes to think of the category of political action from a recovery of what she believes has been relegated to oblivion throughout tradition, to investigate some political phenomena, as originally manifested. In this dissertation, after the proposal of Arendt’s work is presented in general, the author's understanding about vita activa was evidenced, briefly addressing the categories of labor and work, and then presenting the main aspects of the action, based on the book The Human Condition. Finally, Arendt's analysis of modernity is clarified, along with the process of alienation from the world and the reflection on the system of councils, in which, for Arendt, political action is manifested in an authentic way / Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a categoria da ação política na obra A Condição Humana de Hannah Arendt. Essa é uma categoria que evidencia a busca de Arendt em valorizar a vita activa, entendida enquanto trabalho, obra e ação. Partindo da consideração de que o totalitarismo do século XX ocasionou uma ruptura com a tradição do pensamento político ocidental, Arendt se propõe a pensar a categoria de ação política, a partir de uma recuperação daquilo que ela acredita ter sido relegado ao esquecimento ao longo da tradição, para investigar alguns fenômenos políticos, tal qual se manifestaram originalmente. Nesta dissertação, após se apresentar de modo geral a proposta de trabalho arendtiana, evidencia-se sua compreensão a respeito da vita activa, abordando de maneira sucinta as categorias de trabalho e obra, para depois apresentar os aspectos principais da ação, tendo como base sua obra A Condição Humana. Por fim, esclarece-se a análise arendtiana a respeito da modernidade, juntamente com seu processo de alienação frente ao mundo e à reflexão acerca do sistema de conselhos, nos quais, para Arendt, a ação política se manifesta de modo autêntico
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A felicidade pública no enfrentamento ao homo felix: ou a busca do sensus communisBrito, Antonio José Rollas de 18 June 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-18 / Based on Hannah Arendt s thoughts, this thesis aims to reflect about how the idea of
public happiness an expression that is used in the author s main works may contribute for
the contemporary debates involving the theme of happiness. In the present days, happiness is
often thought only in terms of biological life or man s vital process. The obligation of being
happy is the culmination of the modern Project and the consolidation of production, labor
force s reproduction and consumption of goods under the sign of private property, wealth
accumulation, individualism and hyperconsumption. Our problem is not to examine actual
policies of happiness but to take public happiness as an analytical perspective, for its ability to
empower the critics of these policies of happiness in contemporary societies. With this work
we intend to contribute with the present Social Psychology studies of happiness, especially
for the opening of a new field of studies and research, articulated within the concept of public
happiness / A partir do pensamento de Hannah Arendt, essa tese objetiva refletir sobre como a
felicidade pública, expressão presente nos principais trabalhos da autora, pode contribuir para
os debates contemporâneos que envolvem o tema da felicidade, que têm privilegiado uma
única dimensão da felicidade, relacionada à vida biológica ou ao processo vital do homem. O
dever de sermos felizes se apresenta como ponto de chegada do projeto inaugurado na era
Moderna, em que a produção, a reprodução da força do trabalho e o consumo de bens
voltados para a satisfação e o bem estar pessoal se consolidaram na sociedade contemporânea
sob a forma da propriedade privada, do acúmulo da riqueza, do individualismo e do
hiperconsumo. Nosso problema não é examinar as políticas da felicidade na atualidade, mas
tomar a perspectiva da felicidade pública como lugar analítico, que torna fecundas as críticas
às políticas da felicidade nas sociedades contemporâneas. Com este trabalho pretendemos
contribuir para os estudos da felicidade na Psicologia Social Contemporânea, particularmente
para a abertura de um novo campo de estudos e pesquisas em torno do conceito de felicidade
pública
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Finitude, religião e transcendência: uma análise da condição humana em Ernest BeckerAlmeida, Jussara Trindade de 23 November 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-11-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation seeks to accomplish an analysis of the human condition in Ernest
Becker (1924-1974) and the role of religion to sustain human beings in face of the fear
of death and the precariousness of his creatureliness. The central object of research is
his most important work, The Denial of Death. Initially, we present the main concepts
of Becker used to describe the human existence: the creatureliness of human beings,
torn between their animality and the self-consciousness that helped them to emerge
from nature in comparison to all of the other animals; the existential paradox; the fear
of life and fear of death which cause anxiety and the need to deny death; the twin
ontological motives Eros and Agape that attract human beings in opposite directions;
the basic need to feel a sense of self-worth and find meaning to human existence; the
defense mechanisms used to repress from consciousness the fear of death and the reality
of the creatureliness; the development of human character as a vital lie; the human
dependence on and fascination with an external source power, related to the
transference mechanism; and the oedipal transition that develops into the causa sui
project, when the socialization of the individual occurs. Then we investigate Becker s
view of religion and the reasons for considering it as one of the most effective ways of
providing meaning to human life, as well as ideal forms of heroism that are not found in
cultural hero systems and ways of transcending creatureliness symbolically. Finally, we
present an outline of the heroic individual, the main reasons for Becker to glimpse the
possibility of the fusion of psychology and religion, and a reflection on his expectations
for this approach. It starts with the hypothesis that the possibility of heroism offered by
religion is broader than the cultural forms, since religion takes into account the
dimension of the invisible; also that the individuals can develop, with the support of
religion, a greater strength to bear the contradictions of their human condition, together
with a safer way to find meaning to their existences. We conclude that the Becker s
heroic individual must have the courage that few possess to face anxiety, despite the
support offered by religion and psychoanalysis / A presente dissertação busca realizar uma análise da condição humana em Ernest
Becker (1924-1974) e o papel da religião para sustentar o ser humano diante do temor
da morte e da precariedade de sua condição de criatura. O objeto central da pesquisa é
sua mais importante obra, A Negação da Morte. Inicialmente, são apresentados os
principais conceitos de Becker utilizados para descrever a existência humana: a
condição de criatura do ser humano, dividido entre sua animalidade e a auto-consciência
que o destacou dos outros animas na natureza; o paradoxo existencial; os temores da
vida e da morte, que provocam angústia e necessidade de negar a morte; os dúplices
motivos ontológicos Eros e Ágape que atraem o ser humano para direções opostas; a
necessidade básica de sentir o próprio valor e encontrar sentido para a existência; os
mecanismos de defesa utilizados para reprimir da consciência o temor da mortalidade e
a realidade da condição de criatura; o desenvolvimento do caráter como mentira vital; a
dependência e o fascínio por uma fonte de poder externo, relacionados ao mecanismo de
transferência; e a transição edipiana que se desenvolve para o projeto causa sui, a partir
da socialização do indivíduo. Em seguida, investiga-se a compreensão de Becker sobre
a religião, e as razões para considerá-la como um dos meios mais eficientes para
fornecer significado à vida humana, assim como: proporcionar formas de heroísmo
ideal que não se encontram nos sistemas de heróís da cultura; e permitir uma
transcendência simbólica da condição de criatura. Por último, é apresentado um esboço
do indivíduo heróico, as principais razões de Becker para vislumbrar a possibilidade de
uma aproximação entre psicologia e religião, e uma reflexão sobre suas expectativas em
relação a essa aproximação. Parte-se da hipótese que, sendo a possibilidade de heroísmo
oferecida pela religião mais abrangente que a cultural, ao levar em conta a dimensão do
invisível, o ser humano pode desenvolver, com o auxílio da religião, uma maior
resistência para suportar as contradições de sua condição e um meio mais seguro de
encontrar significado para a existência. Conclui-se que o indivíduo heróico de Becker
precisa possuir uma coragem que poucos possuem para enfrentar a angústia, apesar do
suporte oferecido pela religião e pela psicanálise
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O trágico: Schopenhauer e FreudPastore, Jassanan Amoroso Dias 23 May 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-23 / The study of Freud s writings, from the perspective laid down by the convergences
and divergences promoted by Freud between psychoanalysis and Schopenhauer s philosophy,
enables to investigate on the possible points that put nearer or farther the ways in which Freud
and Schopenhauer face the tragic.
Halfway in the transition from the XIXth century, which was marked by the theoretical
optimism of rationalism and the primacy of conscience, to the XXth century, which main
characteristic was the crisis of the reason, psychoanalysis has emerged as a new science about
the human soul, having as foundations the unconscious and the drives.
Similarly, Schopenhauer had, one hundred years before, in the transition from the
XVIIIth to the XIXth century, put in doubt not only the attempts at metaphysically interpreting
the world optimistically, but also the notions of the German romantic idealists who, as a rule,
in following the tradition, postulated an absolute rational principle of the world.
Schopenhauer, in his philosophy, elaborates his thinking by situating the essence of man not
in conscience and reason, but in the Will, which he considered to be an irrational impulse.
We will depart from the notion of the tragic among the Ancient Greeks, crossing the
path of modern philosophy, and finally arriving at psychoanalysis / O estudo dos textos freudianos, a partir da perspectiva estabelecida pelos encontros e
desencontros que Freud promove entre a psicanálise e a filosofia schopenhaueriana, permite
investigar as possíveis aproximações e distanciamentos entre a concepção e o modo de
enfrentamento do trágico em Freud e em Schopenhauer.
Em meio à transição do século XIX, marcado pelo otimismo teórico do racionalismo e
do primado da consciência, para o século XX, caracterizado pela crise da razão, Freud funda a
psicanálise, uma nova ciência sobre a alma humana que postula como fundamentos o
inconsciente e as pulsões.
Da mesma maneira, cem anos antes, na transição do século XVIII para o XIX,
Schopenhauer já havia problematizado as tentativas de interpretar metafisicamente o mundo
de maneira otimista e também as concepções dos idealistas românticos alemães, que, de modo
geral, ao seguirem a tradição, postulavam um princípio racional absoluto do mundo. Em sua
filosofia, Schopenhauer elabora um pensamento que situa a essência do homem não na
consciência e na razão, mas na Vontade, considerada por ele um impulso irracional.
Partiremos do estudo da concepção de trágico desde a Antiguidade grega, passando
pela filosofia moderna, até chegarmos à psicanálise
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O homem trágico de FreudPatitucci, Ana Claudia Ayres 13 April 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-13 / This research deals with the tragic anthropological concept contained in Freudian
theory. It focuses on the investigation of tragic as a concern that describes the human
condition, from its matrix founded in religion, Greek tragedy and the tragic philosophy of
Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. In Greek religiosity, the ontological rupture is placed
between men and gods: these are immortal and those mortal ones, hence the strength and
fragility of their condition. This religious experiment produced an anthropological
perception that the Greek poets presented in the Athenian tragedy. In the view of the tragic
poet, the meaning of human life was granted by the relationship with the gods and by the
mortal condition, originating the tragic situation of the hero. In the modern philosophy of
our era, the tragic has become a philosophical category. The elements that shaped the
tragic man in the Greek narrative have unfolded on the reflection of the human condition
and transformed into the themes that characterize the existential tragedy: the value and
purpose of life in face of the ailment of the mortal condition, the human fallibility, human
fragility and the contradictions which disintegrate the notion of unity of the world and
man. Our hypothesis is that Freud, such as the Greek poets and modern philosophers,
conceived a tragic vision of the human condition. Equipped with the Greek and
philosophical conceptual repertoires, the intention of this research is to perform an analysis
of the Freudian work in order to enlighten the tragedy in the human soul and the
relationship between man and culture, configuring Freud s tragic human being / Esta pesquisa trata da concepção antropológica trágica contida na teoria freudiana.
Ela parte da investigação do trágico como um conceito que descreve a condição humana,
desde sua matriz fundada na religião e na tragédia grega e na visão trágica de homem na
filosofia de Schopenhauer e Nietzsche. Na religiosidade grega está colocada a ruptura
ontológica entre homens e deuses: estes são imortais e aqueles mortais, daí a força e a
fragilidade de sua condição. Essa experiência religiosa produziu uma percepção
antropológica que os poetas revelaram na tragédia grega. No entender do poeta trágico, o
sentido da vida humana era conferido pela relação com os deuses e pela condição mortal,
originando a situação trágica do herói. Na filosofia moderna de nossa era o trágico se
tornou categoria filosófica. Os elementos que configuraram o homem trágico na narrativa
grega se desdobraram na reflexão sobre a condição humana e se transformaram nos temas
que caracterizam o trágico existencial: o valor e a finalidade da vida frente ao padecimento
da condição mortal, a falibilidade humana, a fragilidade humana e as contradições que
desintegram a noção de unidade do mundo e do homem. Nossa hipótese é que Freud, tal
como os poetas gregos e os filósofos modernos, concebeu uma visão trágica da condição
humana. A intenção dessa pesquisa é fazer, aparelhada pelos repertórios conceituais gregos
e filosóficos, a análise da obra freudiana de modo a iluminar o trágico na alma humana e
na relação entre homem e cultura, configurando o homem trágico de Freud
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