This research project explores the consequences of the citizenship provision of Nepal, as reflected in Nepal's most recent constitution promulgated in 2015, for the Nepalese citizens as well as the Nepalese society and culture in general. This project employs two methods of data collection: close reading of the citizenship provision and ethnographic interviews of those Nepalese who are directly affected by the provision. Results are drawn through rhetorical and textual analysis of the collected data. The results show that the current citizenship provision disempowers women of Nepal by stopping them from passing on their citizenship to their children. The citizenship provision is also a source of humiliation for such women and the reason behind the condition of stateless-ness of millions of people living in Nepal. On a cultural level, this citizenship provision both reflects and re-enforces patriarchy in Nepal. / Master of Arts / This research project explores the consequences of the citizenship provision of Nepal as reflected in Nepal's most recent constitution promulgated in 2015 for the Nepalese citizens as well as the Nepalese society and culture in general. This project employs two methods of data collection: close reading of the citizenship provision and ethnographic interviews of those Nepalese who are directly affected by the provision. Results are drawn through rhetorical and textual analysis of the collected data. The results show that the current citizenship provision disempowers women of Nepal by stopping them from passing on their citizenship to their children. The citizenship provision is also a source of humiliation for these women and the cause of stateless-ness of millions of people in Nepal. On a cultural level, this citizenship provision both reflects and reenforces patriarchy in Nepal.

Vicarious humiliation as a devaluing intergroup event is a rather common experience, which has the potential to adversely influence present and future intergroup relations. Based on an extensive literature review and previous research, we hypothesised that highly identified group members experience an intensified feeling of humiliation after witnessing an ingroup member being humiliated when compared to low identifiers (Hypothesis 1), that the role of visual exposure as situational determinant of humiliating events, the appraisals, and the emotional patterns elicited, differ between personally and vicariously humiliating events (Hypotheses 2a, 2b, 3 and 4), and lastly, that vicarious humiliation regulated through emotional blends leads to behavioural intentions that influence future intergroup relations (Hypotheses 5a to 5c). Evidence for our hypotheses was exploratively and experimentally provided in six studies. Results implied that vicarious humiliation is a common experience, that visual exposure as situational determinant is more important for personally than vicariously humiliating events, and that humiliation is indeed a blended emotion (Study 1, N = 1048). Moreover, results showed that highly identified group member feel relatively stronger humiliated (Study 2, N = 175), that the appraisal and emotional patterns are related to identity processes (i.e., personal and vicarious humiliation) (Study 3, N = 74; Study 4, N = 359; Study 5 = 376), and that the feeling of humiliation and accompanying emotions regulate the relationship between vicariously humiliating events and the intentional responses such as avoidance, non-normative approach, dehumanisation and social exclusion (Study 6, N = 998). Overall, our results imply that vicarious humiliation as an emotional experience has the potential to provoke intergroup conflict. SUMMARY The present research studied a phenomenon that we are all familiar with – being humiliated. Unfortunately, this is an experience that is rather common as we might not only experience to be humiliated personally but also to be humiliated on behalf of others. It is this vicarious experience of humiliation that the present research aimed at studying. We firstly explored people’s experiences with and understandings of humiliation through a cross-sectional survey (Study 1). Results indicated that vicarious humiliation is indeed a rather common experience, that personally and vicariously humiliating events differ in terms of the situational determinants that characterise these events, and that the feeling of humiliation is experienced as a blended emotion. We furthermore tested experimentally the effects of ingroup identification, identity processes and the presence of an audience on the appraisal processes of and the emotional and motivational responses to vicarious humiliation. We found that people who highly identified with the group they share with the humiliated person, experienced stronger feelings of humiliation (Study 2), and that being personally humiliated and being vicariously humiliated resulted in different appraisal patterns, which consequently elicited the different emotional blends of humiliation with self-focused and other-focused emotions, respectively (Studies 3 to 5). We were, however, unable to provide evidence that the presence of an audience aggravated the appraisal processes and the feeling of humiliation (which we attributed to methodological limitations of our studies). That the emotional blends of humiliation regulate the behavioural intentions, that people engage in as a result of being vicariously humiliated, was demonstrated in our last study (Study 6). More specifically, we found that humiliation accompanied by self-focused emotions was related to intentions to avoid, to non-normatively approach, and/or to socially exclude the humiliator(s) through dehumanising them. It is this latter finding that provides evidence for both the role of the social context that might determine the appropriateness of certain behaviours (e.g., social norms) and for the proposed cycle of humiliation in that humiliated persons are often believed to retaliate by humiliating the humiliator(s) in return, which has the potential to provoke intergroup conflicts. / Psychology / D. Phil. (Psychology)

Arnošt Lustig and experience of the Holocaust in light of theory of narration Abstract. Means of implementation Nazi program of exterminating the Jews, which was designed and implemented during the Second World War, had an instrument of realization in a concentration camp, where prisoners not only of died, but there was organized devaluation of their lives. We talk about it as a "model form of government", reasonably elaborate system, in which prisoners should believe, that their life has no meaning, and on the other hand they are exposed to "limit situations", that create pressure on their survival instinct, and thus affect their behavior. From world of ever-present death prisoners brought experience, about which many could not and others needed to talk. However, they meet with an inability to express this experience. There grow up a debate whether the facts are trivializing. The threat of trivializing is seen also in artistic representation. As one of the options for capture the experience of the Holocaust is mentioned concentration on the internal experience of the individual, which can by displayed mainly by art literature, whch is looking for new expressive and formal means to "communicate an incommunicable" trauma. Among the writers of literature, who comes from their own camp experiences is ranked...

A presente pesquisa parte da constatação de que a atual política educacional, em consonância com interesses advindos do modelo político e econômico vigente no país, promove, cada vez mais, a passagem dos alunos pelos sucessivos graus escolares sem garantir uma formação sólida. Isso resulta em uma nova forma de fracasso escolar, um fracasso relativo, mais sutil, em que uma parcela dos estudantes oriundos de categorias sociais até então prematuramente excluídas da educação formal atinge graus mais elevados de escolarização. Com a participação do Estado e a partir de um discurso que recomenda a qualificação para o mercado de trabalho, também no ensino superior há um grande incentivo para a absorção de um maior contingente de estudantes pobres, que passam a frequentar, sobretudo, instituições de ensino da rede superior privada, muitas imbuídas de uma concepção mercantil de educação. A pesquisa procurou investigar, a partir da narrativa de três estudantes das classes subalternas de uma instituição de ensino superior privada da região metropolitana de São Paulo, os sentidos que eles atribuem à sua experiência nessa modalidade de ensino, os sonhos que são construídos ou impedidos, as formas de consciência, submissão, resignação e resistência que são encontradas. Os estudantes têm consciência de sua condição de integração apenas parcial no universo universitário. Enfrentam a descoberta de que o ensino básico não lhes proporcionou as condições necessárias para frequentar os cursos de sua faculdade e questionam o valor simbólico do diploma a que terão acesso. A ameaça de interrupção dos estudos é constante. Em geral eles são os primeiros de seu grupo social a ingressar numa universidade e não usufruem da educação a que tem acesso como bem privado: trazem consigo as histórias de seus companheiros de classe social e o desejo de compartilhar com eles o conhecimento. Embora não descartem o valor econômico da educação, esperam mais do ensino superior do que a ideologia do mérito e da empregabilidade oferece: buscam a compreensão do enigma da desigualdade de classes e as estratégias para o enfrentamento da humilhação, experiência marcante da condição de subalternidade / This research is based on the finding that the present education policy, which is in keeping with the political and economic agenda prevailing in Brazil, has more and more students going through the successive educational stages without assuring them a solid training. As a result there is a new form of school failure, a more subtle, relative failure, in which part of the students from social classes which have so far been prematurely excluded from formal education begin to reach higher levels of schooling. With the involvement of the State and on the basis of a discourse that recommends qualifying people for the labour market, in higher education there is also a great incentive for the absorption of a larger number of low-income students who start university studies, going mainly to private institutions of higher education, many of them being mostly profit-oriented. Beginning with the account given by three lower-class students in a private institution of higher education in the Greater São Paulo area, this research tried to analyse the meaning they give to their undergoing this kind of education, the dreams that are developed or hindered, the forms of submission, resignation and resistance that are found. The students are aware that they are integrated only partially into the university world; they deal with the discovery that their previous schooling has not provided them with the necessary knowledge and skills to attend university, and they question the symbolic value of the degree they achieve. There is a constant threat of their having to interrupt their studies. Generally they are the first ones in their social group to get into university, and for them the education which they have access to and benefit from is not a private asset but rather a collective one: they bring along the stories of their friends from their social class and the desire to share the knowledge with them. Although they do not reject the economic value of education, they expect more from higher education than the ideology of merit and employability offer: they seek both to understand the riddle of class inequality and to get the tools to fight humiliation, the marking experience of people from a lower-class status

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosana Antoniacci Platero.pdf: 1440243 bytes, checksum: 144414fc02f313be343f92ccf47ec506 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-04 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / The present essay, inserted on the line of Research Prevention and Psychological Intervention of the Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Program of the Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, aims to study how the experience of black women, lawyers, occurs at work in the law field, seeking to identify the main challenges faced and impacts on the subjectivity of labor activity concerning the daily life of these people. Using the Social Psychology of Work approach, it starts from the presupposition that work is a fundamental element on the person s constitution. Themes as race and gender, on the other hand, still exert influence over the daily experiences at work nowadays. Therefore, with this study, it is hoped to contribute for the comprehension of the experience of black lawyer women in their professional activities on the Law extent. For such, it will be adopted the Field-theme methodology, with ethnographic vision, which allows to access the issue in the several places in which it manifests. The main results obtained through this study and its following conclusion were regarding the confirmation of the prejudices lived by black lawyer women in an ambient marked since its formation by elitization and the stereotype of the white male as being the typical lawyer by default. Besides this, institutional prejudice was present in places which we considered were free of it, as in institutions and public offices where post insertions are done through public tender. Based on the reports given by the participants of this research, it was observed that social humiliation is part of the daily routine of these women, inside and outside the workplace. However, it was found that their own work was also a way of coping with the adversities and prejudices faced by these women. Being formed in law and acting as a lawyer helps these women to psychologically overcome the prejudices and exclusions. / A presente disserta??o, inserida na linha de Pesquisa Preven??o e Interven??o Psicol?gica do Programa de P?s-gradua??o Stricto Sensu em psicologia da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, visa a estudar como se d? a viv?ncia de mulheres negras, advogadas, no trabalho na ?rea do direito, buscando identificar os principais desafios enfrentados na atividade laboral na vida cotidiana dessas pessoas. Utilizando o enfoque da Psicologia Social do Trabalho, parte-se do pressuposto de que o trabalho ? um elemento fundamental na constitui??o do sujeito. Os temas ra?a e g?nero, por sua vez, ainda exercem influ?ncia sobre as viv?ncias cotidianas no trabalho na atualidade. No presente trabalho, foi adotada a metodologia do Campo-tema , com vis?o etnogr?fica e com o apoio da etnografia virtual, que permitiu acessar o assunto tratado nos mais diversos espa?os em que ele pudesse se manifestar e, baseados nos referenciais te?ricos sobre preconceito, de Agnes Heller, e humilha??o social, defendido por Gon?alves Filho, foi poss?vel chegar a uma melhor compreens?o da viv?ncia de advogadas negras nas suas atividades profissionais no ?mbito do Direito. Os principais resultados obtidos e consequente conclus?o do estudo foram em rela??o ? confirma??o dos preconceitos vivenciados pelas advogadas negras em um ambiente marcado desde sua forma??o pela elitiza??o e o estere?tipo do homem branco detentor da imagem da profiss?o de advogado. Al?m disso, o preconceito institucional se mostrou presente inclusive em ambientes que consider?vamos isento, como em institui??es e reparti??es p?blicas, nas quais a inser??o aos cargos se d? por meio de concurso p?blicos. A partir dos relatos das participantes da pesquisa, observou-se que a humilha??o social faz parte do cotidiano dessas mulheres dentro e fora do trabalho. No entanto, ficou constatado que o pr?prio trabalho ? uma forma de enfrentamento das adversidades e preconceito encontrados pelas advogadas negras. Dizer-se formada em direito e atuante como advogada ajuda essas mulheres a superarem psicologicamente o preconceito e exclus?es.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo a identificação e discussão de crises e transformações psicossociais por que passaram estudantes de um cursinho popular de São Paulo. São jovens advindos de famílias de baixa renda, e história destes conheceu reiterado sofrimento político: humilhação social e exclusão de circuitos ou bens públicos. Os cursinhos populares são organizações alternativas cuja intenção principal assim resumíriamos: favorecer o acesso de jovens das classes pobres à universidade pública. A passagem de um jovem por cursinho popular assume figura de uma experiência muito pessoal, rica em traços psicossociais, e a sondagem dessa experiência e as transformações que promoveu foi o que informou esta pesquisa: como lembram e significam essa experiência? Como esta experiência afetou a percepção que estes depoentes tinham sobre si mesmos, sobre seu lugar social e sobre seu relacionamento com a tarefa do conhecimento? Os estudos disponíveis, geralmente dedicados ao exame de processos pedagógicos e ao julgamento da eficácia dos cursinhos populares, suscitaram-nos um exame que privilegiasse o recurso à memória dos estudantes. A pesquisa, como instrumentos metodológicos, adotou a reconstrução autobiográfica do pesquisador e entrevistas em profundidade com três ex-alunos deste Cursinho. A reconstrução autobiográfica pretendeu uma primeira atenção possível para os fenômenos a serem investigados. Vale, nesse sentido, a aposta de que o trabalho narrativo possa gerar e aproveitar alguma distância crítica entre o pesquisador e ele mesmo, entre o pesquisador e sua memória do Cursinho Popular. As entrevistas foram apoiadas por um roteiro de questões que pretendiam a todo tempo estimular o discurso livre referente a episódios no contexto das práticas de um cursinho popular. A análise das entrevistas norteou-se pelos trechos dos depoimentos que diziam respeito à vivência do cursinho e outros momentos de suas histórias que ajudaram a informar os significados das experiências privilegiadas neste trabalho. Nas memórias o Cursinho vai sendo desvelado como um lugar vivo, repleto de experiências significativas para além da sua proposta formal, muitas vezes associado à vivência de igualdade. A postura dos professores e demais agentes do cursinho foi apontado como decisivo na promoção de mudanças na relação que estes alunos tinham com os estudos, com a cultura escrita, com o mundo e com os outros. Um campo intersubjetivo e favorável, uma comunidade de destino, move o desejo e o trabalho estudantil, sustenta e apóia êxitos. Este campo e comunidade, quando abrigados por instituições (o cursinho popular, uma escola pública de qualidade), parecem especialmente apreciados por estudantes das classes pobres, marcados por formas de solidão social. A experiência de comunidade apresentou-se como fundante para uma relação com o conhecimento que não se dá a partir da humilhação ou da necessidade instrumental, mas como possibilidade e caminho para a fruição do mundo e para superação dessas experiências de humilhação. / The objective of the present study is to identify and discuss psychosocial crisis and transformations that students undergo in a popular preparatory course for university entrance (PPC) in São Paulo, Brazil. These juveniles come from working class families whose histories are remarkable for constant political suffering, experienced as social humiliation and exclusion from public places. These PPC are non-governmental organizations, whose mission is to help working class juveniles enter public universities. A juvenile\'s trajectory over a PPC presents a very rich psychosocial experience and the approach of this experience and the transformations derived from constituted the core question in the present study: how do these subjects recall and signify such experience? How has this experienced impacted on these interviewees\' perceptions over themselves, their social place, and their relationship with knowledge? The available researches in Brazil usually focus on the pedagogical and efficacy of such preparatory courses. Therefore, we were willing to investigate these students\' memories. The methodological approaches of the present study comprised the researcher\'s autobiography reconstruction and in-depth interviews with three former students from a PPC. The purpose of autobiography reconstruction was to explore potential phenomena for investigation. It must be highlighted that the narrative work may produce and benefit from some critical distance between the researcher and himself/the subject, the researcher and his memories from the PPC. The interviews were supported by previous guidelines and sought to stimulate as much as possible the interviewees\' free discourse regarding episodes of practices in the PPC. The analysis was guided by reports on the subjects\' experiences at the PPC and other moments of their histories that helped understand the meaning of the experiences selected for the present study. The memories have revealed the preparatory course as a living place, full of meaningful experiences far beyond its formal proposal, and very often associated with the experience of equality. The attitude of teachers and course staff was reported as crucial to promote transformations in the relationship these students had with formal study, written culture, the world and other people. An intersubjective and favorable field, a community of destiny, moves desire and student work, as well as it supports success. When sheltered by institutions (such as the PPC or a high quality public school), these field and community seem especially valued by working class students, distinguished by forms of social loneliness. The experience of community was the basis for a relationship with knowledge that is not oriented by humiliation or instrumental necessity, but rather as a possibility to fulfill the world and overcome these experiences of humiliation.

Nesta pesquisa, enfatizamos que o cotidiano do emprego doméstico funciona, em grande medida, com base em desigualdades. Essas desigualdades ancoram-se em diferentes graus de distância social fortemente enraizados em gênero, classe e raça, e se expressam cotidianamente em gestos, palavras, e atitudes em geral, num constante jogo de ação e reação que envolve patroas e empregadas domésticas. É a condição de classe da empregadora que marca, em primeira instância, a distância social mais categórica entre ela e a sua contratada; para sobreviver enquanto profissão, o emprego doméstico necessita, inclusive, reforçar a distância social baseada na classe, posto que é tal distância a primeira a definir, de modo mais preciso, quem é a empregadora e quem é a doméstica. Em um segundo momento, chamaremos a atenção para o papel central que a humilhação exerce no cotidiano do emprego doméstico. A humilhação se fortalece quando formas de desigualdade são extremas, expressando-se, principalmente, por meio de atitudes ríspidas postas em prática pelas empregadoras. Enfatizaremos, por fim, que o emprego doméstico é também centro de desigualdade racial. Isso ocorre porque raça, enquanto categoria construída e manipulada socialmente, ganha força na esfera privada, local onde o emprego doméstico acontece por excelência. A distância social baseada na raça abre caminho para a discussão sobre o papel que o preconceito e, sobretudo, as discriminações raciais apresentam no cotidiano da ocupação. Embasam esta pesquisa, além de uma extensa revisão bibliográfica: dez entrevistas com trabalhadoras (colhidas no contexto da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo), análise de material jornalístico e ficcional e apreciação de documentos de instituições nacionais e internacionais que discutem os caminhos dos direitos humanos em sociedades contemporâneas. / In this research, we emphasize that the domestic workers everyday life largely functions based on inequalities. These inequalities are anchored in different grades of social distance that are strongly rooted in gender, class and race. The social distance is expressed on a daily basis through gestures, words and attitudes in general and is also evident in a constant game of action and reaction that involve both female employers and female domestic workers. It is the class condition of the employer that fixes the categorical social distance between her and her employee. In order to survive as a profession, the labor of the worker even needs to reinforce the social distance based on class to emphasize who represents the employer and employee. Secondly, we pay attention to the central role that humiliation plays in the domestic workers daily life. Humiliation intensifies when modes of inequality are extreme, being expressed through especially rough attitudes practiced by employers. Finally, we will emphasize that the occupation is also a center of racial inequality. That happens because race, as a category created and manipulated socially, acquires its force in the private sphere, the place where domestic work takes place. The social distance based on race opens the discussion about prejudice and racial discrimination in the occupation of domestic work. In addition to an extensive literature review, this research is grounded by: ten interviews with female domestic workers (gathered in the context of the Greater São Paulo area), analysis of both journalistic and fictional material, and appraisal of documents from national and international institutions that discuss the course of the human rights in the contemporary societies.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T22:02:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1 / Nenhuma / Este estudo tem por objeto o dinamismo das trajetórias de pessoas em situação de pobreza, examinando, mais precisamente, as expectativas e valores que as motivam para um processo de luta por reconhecimento. A investigação versa sobre as condutas de trabalhadores que, em situação de grande precariedade laboral e social, lutam por dignidade sem aceitar de forma apática a sua condição. Estudos têm evidenciado que a vida dos pobres pode conduzir à reflexão e a uma luta para mudar o olhar da sociedade a seu respeito. Parece consensual que essa mudança de olhar supõe ou engendra uma luta por reconhecimento, na qual se busca sair de um lugar considerado humilhante, de impedimento, para um lugar mais humanizado e com possibilidades de falar sobre si. Para compreender este dinamismo, o referencial teórico da dissertação comporta autores que articulam uma análise objetiva da estrutura social com a subjetividade dos agentes envolvidos, trazendo conceitos como habitus precário, humilhação social, ressentimento e luta por / This study concerns the dynamic of the trajectories of poor people, examining the expectancies and values that give them motivation for a struggle process for recognition. We discuss the behavior of these workers, who face hard working and social conditions and struggle for dignity without accepting their situation in an apathetic manner. Studies have evidenced that the lives of the poor might produce reflection and also the struggle to change the way poor people are seen by society. It seems consensual that this change presumes or engenders a struggle for recognition, in which one aims leaving this place considered humiliating, of obstruction, to get to a more humanized place and having possibility of talking about oneself. To understand this dynamic, the theoretical literature of the dissertation includes authors that articulate an objective analysis of the social structure with the subjectivity of the agents involved, employing concepts such as precarious habitus, social humiliation, resentment and struggl

Esta tese tem como objetivo geral analisar o impacto da pobreza no bem estar de indivíduos pobres dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e do Ceará a partir de diferentes dimensões psicossociais (bem estar pessoal, vergonha, humilhação e senso de comunidade). Foram realizados quatro estudos com objetivos específicos. O primeiro estudo tem como objetivo analisar os artigos científicos que focalizaram na relação entre pobreza e bem estar subjetivo de pessoas em situação de pobreza, entre janeiro de 2010 até março de 2014 nas bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science e Sage. Assim, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com 585 artigos, sendo analisadas de forma aprofundada 21 produções que contemplavam os critérios elaborados. De uma forma geral, averigua-se que a pobreza tem um impacto negativo no Bem Estar Subjetivo (BES), mas há paradoxos específicos que apontam tendências contrastantes. No segundo estudo, o objetivo foi analisar o impacto de diferentes formas de mensuração da pobreza no Bem Estar Pessoal (BEP) de indivíduos pobres dos dois estados pesquisados. Foram realizadas diferentes Análises de Regressão Múltipla, Testes T e Análises Multivariadas de Variância em uma perspectiva comparativa de regiões e de diferentes formas de mensuração da pobreza com 731 pessoas participantes da pesquisa. Novamente, percebe-se que a pobreza independente da forma de mensuração tem um impacto negativo no BEP, porém se observa que a utilização da perspectiva multidimensional tem uma maior capacidade de identificação dos impactos psicossociais da pobreza. O terceiro estudo tem como objetivo analisar os impactos da humilhação contra os mais pobres a partir de diferentes dimensões psicossociais. Foram realizadas Análises Fatoriais Confirmatórias e Modelagem de Equações Estruturais com os mesmos participantes do estudo anterior. Verifica-se que a humilhação pode gerar vergonha, causando isolamento social a partir da diminuição da relação positiva com a comunidade e do bem estar pessoal. As relações comunitárias com os vizinhos não tem uma diminuição expressiva nas pessoas com pobreza multidimensional, podendo este resultado ser entendido como a presença de relações de solidariedade entre os mais pobres. Por fim, o último estudo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de estigmatização da pobreza e suas consequências a partir de relatos de pessoas pobres de Fortaleza e de Porto Alegre. Este estudo de natureza qualitativa realizou dez Entrevistas Episódicas com residentes nas duas cidades mencionadas. Este estudo acrescenta aos resultados da tese considerações referentes a uma atuação de resistência dos indivíduos em situação de pobreza frente esse panorama discriminatório por meio de indignação e de agência a partir do apoio social e da existência de oportunidades concretas. Conclui-se que a pobreza independente da forma de mensuração tem um impacto negativo. Assim, devem-se criar oportunidades reais para as pessoas em situação de pobreza com base no apoio social como mecanismos de superação dessa situação. Igualmente, indica-se a necessidade de desenvolver estudos longitudinais e a validação de instrumentos específicos para esse público. / This thesis has as main objective to analyze the impact of poverty on the well being of poor people in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Ceara from different psychosocial dimensions (personal well-being, shame, humiliation and sense of community). Four studies with specific objectives have been realized. The first study aims to analyze the scientific articles that focus on the relationship between poverty and subjective well-being of persons in poverty situation, from January 2010 until March 2014 in Scopus, Web of Science and Sage databases. Thus, it was realized a systematic review with 585 articles, being examined in detail 21 productions that contemplated the elaborated criteria. In general, it ascertains that poverty has a negative impact on the Subjective Well-Being (SWB), but there are specific paradoxes that link contrasting trends. Specifically, the second study aims to analyze the impact of different forms of measurement of poverty in the Personal Well Being (BEP) of poor people of the two states surveyed. Multiple Regression Analysis, T test, Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Structural Equation Modeling were used in comparative perspective between regions and different ways of measuring poverty. The sample has 731 persons. It is identified that, independent of the form of poverty measurement, there is a negative impact of the poverty on BEP, but is observed the use of multidimensional perspective has a greater ability to identify the psychosocial impacts of poverty. The third article aims to analyze the impacts of humiliation against the poorest from different psychosocial dimensions. Confirmatory Factor Analyses and Structural Equation Model were conducted with the same participants of the previous study. It appears that the humiliation can lead to shame, causing social isolation as from the reduction of positive relationship with the community and the personal well-being. Community relations with neighbors do not have a significant decreasing in people with multidimensional poverty, which this result may be understood as the presence of relationships of solidarity among the poorest. Finally, the last study aims to analyze the process of stigmatization of poverty and its consequences from discourses of poor people of Fortaleza and Porto Alegre. This qualitative article held ten Episodic Interviews with residents in the two mentioned cities. This study adds to the results of the thesis considerations referring to an act of resistance of poor individuals facing discrimination through indignation and agency starting from the social support and the existence of real opportunities. It concludes that poverty has a negative impact regardless of the form of the measurement of this phenomenon. Thus, the real opportunities must be created for people living in poverty based on social support as coping mechanisms.

A presente pesquisa parte da constatação de que a atual política educacional, em consonância com interesses advindos do modelo político e econômico vigente no país, promove, cada vez mais, a passagem dos alunos pelos sucessivos graus escolares sem garantir uma formação sólida. Isso resulta em uma nova forma de fracasso escolar, um fracasso relativo, mais sutil, em que uma parcela dos estudantes oriundos de categorias sociais até então prematuramente excluídas da educação formal atinge graus mais elevados de escolarização. Com a participação do Estado e a partir de um discurso que recomenda a qualificação para o mercado de trabalho, também no ensino superior há um grande incentivo para a absorção de um maior contingente de estudantes pobres, que passam a frequentar, sobretudo, instituições de ensino da rede superior privada, muitas imbuídas de uma concepção mercantil de educação. A pesquisa procurou investigar, a partir da narrativa de três estudantes das classes subalternas de uma instituição de ensino superior privada da região metropolitana de São Paulo, os sentidos que eles atribuem à sua experiência nessa modalidade de ensino, os sonhos que são construídos ou impedidos, as formas de consciência, submissão, resignação e resistência que são encontradas. Os estudantes têm consciência de sua condição de integração apenas parcial no universo universitário. Enfrentam a descoberta de que o ensino básico não lhes proporcionou as condições necessárias para frequentar os cursos de sua faculdade e questionam o valor simbólico do diploma a que terão acesso. A ameaça de interrupção dos estudos é constante. Em geral eles são os primeiros de seu grupo social a ingressar numa universidade e não usufruem da educação a que tem acesso como bem privado: trazem consigo as histórias de seus companheiros de classe social e o desejo de compartilhar com eles o conhecimento. Embora não descartem o valor econômico da educação, esperam mais do ensino superior do que a ideologia do mérito e da empregabilidade oferece: buscam a compreensão do enigma da desigualdade de classes e as estratégias para o enfrentamento da humilhação, experiência marcante da condição de subalternidade / This research is based on the finding that the present education policy, which is in keeping with the political and economic agenda prevailing in Brazil, has more and more students going through the successive educational stages without assuring them a solid training. As a result there is a new form of school failure, a more subtle, relative failure, in which part of the students from social classes which have so far been prematurely excluded from formal education begin to reach higher levels of schooling. With the involvement of the State and on the basis of a discourse that recommends qualifying people for the labour market, in higher education there is also a great incentive for the absorption of a larger number of low-income students who start university studies, going mainly to private institutions of higher education, many of them being mostly profit-oriented. Beginning with the account given by three lower-class students in a private institution of higher education in the Greater São Paulo area, this research tried to analyse the meaning they give to their undergoing this kind of education, the dreams that are developed or hindered, the forms of submission, resignation and resistance that are found. The students are aware that they are integrated only partially into the university world; they deal with the discovery that their previous schooling has not provided them with the necessary knowledge and skills to attend university, and they question the symbolic value of the degree they achieve. There is a constant threat of their having to interrupt their studies. Generally they are the first ones in their social group to get into university, and for them the education which they have access to and benefit from is not a private asset but rather a collective one: they bring along the stories of their friends from their social class and the desire to share the knowledge with them. Although they do not reject the economic value of education, they expect more from higher education than the ideology of merit and employability offer: they seek both to understand the riddle of class inequality and to get the tools to fight humiliation, the marking experience of people from a lower-class status