隨著「無名小站」的關閉與微網誌服務的興起，人與書寫場域的「承諾」開始出現了改變，一個人可能同時擁有好幾個部落格，或是出走之後卻又在某個時間點將其重新啟動。過往研究總將網路空間與人視為一固著關係而忽略此般現象，於是，本研究欲透過個體於部落格的流轉、荒廢、多重存在等特質，試圖理解部落格黃昏時代中的自我敘事，並重新概念化其身分、場域和網路實踐之中的個人生命意義。 　　本研究從「旅行者隱喻」概念出發，以「人與地方的互動關係」和「流轉足跡」兩大面向切入，探究當今個體頻繁的遷徙現象與流動的自我生成。研究方法則使用「深度訪談」與「流轉地圖繪製」相輔相成，從使用者所提供的各種象徵圖像和日常生活經驗中，將抽象的網路世界實體化和時序化，進而轉換為可操作的概念文本。 　　最後，本研究發現，個體藉由流轉實踐，將原本屬於自體傳播的過程外部化，宣示自身存在，並成就了存於網路原生世代中的漂泊心靈。對個人而言，流轉敘事不完整且不確定，但也因此讓個體能繼續拓展流轉網絡，使自我有成長的可能；對科技而言，部落格以承載個體不同時期的生命情境為特殊的「網路地方」，讓自我有更多重構和回溯的自由。 / With the service termination of "Wretch" and the development of the microblog, the "commitment" between the individual and the writing place turn to other ways. For instance, a person may have many blogs in the same time, he may also start over with blogging after leaving that blog. Researchers ignored this situation easily because that studies in the past always view the relationship between the cybersphere and the living as a fixed thing. Therefore, this study try to figure out the self-narratives and conceptualize the life meaning in identification, cyberplace, and practice by the discussion of hyper-jump, abandon, and simultaneous existence in the internet. The major concept is "Traveler Metaphor" with "Self/Place Interactions" and "Trajectories of Hyper-Jump" in the study. The researcher take "In-Depth Interviews " and "Map Guide Drawing" approach to transform the individual's graphic symbols and daily experience into a practical text to reify and sequentialize the Web life. In conclusion, individuals make intrapersonal communication visible to establish the sense of self. This is what the unique drifting spirit is in the internet generation. For the individual, the narrative of hyper-jump is incomplete and unstable. However, that's the reason why individuals can widen the flowing map and develop a grow-up story. For the technology, blogs can be thought of as special "cyberplace" which is contextualized with the different life situations. It make individuals easier to self-reconstruct and introspect.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / The International Space Station (ISS) must be able to withstand the hypervelocity impacts of micrometeoroids and orbital debris that strike its many surfaces. In order to design and implement shielding which will prevent hull penetration or other operational losses, NASA must first model the orbital debris and micrometeoroid environment. Based upon this environment, special multi-stage shields called Whipple and Enhanced Stuffed Whipple Shields are developed and implemented to protect ISS surfaces. Ballistic limit curves that establish shield failure criteria are determined via ground testing. These curves are functions of material strength, shield spacing, projectile size, shape and density, as well as a number of other variables. The combination of debris model and ballistic limit equations allows NASA to model risk to ISS using a hydro-code called BUMPER. This thesis modifies and refines existing ballistic limit equations for U.S. Laboratory Module shields to account for the effects of projectile (debris/ micro-meteoroid) densities. Using these refined ballistic limit equations this thesis also examines alternative shielding materials and configurations to optimize shield design for minimum mass and maximum stopping potential, proposing alternate shield designs for future NASA ground testing. A final goal of this thesis is to provide the Department of Defense a background in satellite shield theory and design in order to improve protection against micrometeoroid and orbital debris impacts on future spacebased national systems. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Hiponimia ni uhusiano wa kifahiwa unaodhihirika baina ya leksimu ya jumla (hipanimu) na mahususi (hiponimu). Kama vile hipanimu mzazi hujumuisha hiponimu baba na mama. Uhusiano huu wa kihiponimia ulidhukuriwa na wanaisimu wa awali kuwa unahusisha leksimu nomino pekee. Hata hivyo, tafiti za hivi punde zinadhihirisha kuwa hiponimia huweza kudhihirika pia miongoni mwa kategoria za vivumishi, vielezi na vitenzi. Ingawa kuna midhihiriko ya hiponimia za vitenzi vya Kiswahili, wataalamu kadha wameelekea kushughulikia hiponimia za nomino na kutotilia maanani vitenzi. Hivyo basi, makala hii imechanganua uhusiano wa kihiponimia unaodhihirika miongoni mwa vitenzi teule vya Kiswahili. Katika kushughulikia suala hili, hipanimu vitenzi 24 kutoka kamusi za Kiswahili zimeteuli¬wa kimakusudi na hiponimu husika kutolewa. Nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Vijenzi kwa mujibu wa Katz na Fodor imezingatiwa katika uchanganuzi wa hiponimia hizi. Katika nadharia hii, sifa bainifu za hiponimu husika huonyeshwa kwa kutumia alama maalum za [+, -]. Data kuhusu hiponimia za vitenzi ilipekuliwa kutoka kamusi za Kiswahili kwa kuzingatia mwelekeo wa kiishara au kisintaksia kwa mujibu wa Hearst, na Snow na wenzake ili kuweza kutambua hipanimu na hiponimu husika katika sentensi. Hiponimia hizi zimechanganuliwa na kuwasilishwa kwa mtindo wa nadharia ya seti. / Hyponymy is a sense relation existing between general lexemes (hypernym) and the specific ones (hyponym). For instance, a hypernym parent includes hyponyms like father and mother. The hyponymy relation was regarded by earlier linguists that it could exist only amongst nouns. However, recent studies indicate that hyponymy can also be manifested in other categories such as adjectives, adverbs and verbs. Though there is hyponymy relation existing amongst Kiswahili verbs, various scho¬lars have tended to focus on nominal hyponymy and disregard verbal hyponymy. Therefore, this article has analyzed the hyponymy relation existing amongst selected Kiswahili verbs. In this regard, 24 verbal hypernyms from Kiswahili dictionaries were purposively sampled and their specific hyponyms indicated. Componential Analysis theory by Katz and Fodor has been used in the analysis of these hyponyms. The theory focuses on distinctive features of specific hyponyms that are normally shown by the use of specific signs [+, -]. The data on verbal hyponymy was observed from the Kiswahili dictionaries by the application of symbolic or syntactic approach propounded by Hearst, and Snow et al in order to identify the hypernyms and specific hyponyms in a sentence. These hyponymy relations are analyzed and presented using the set theory style.

Ces travaux de thèse portent sur la valorisation de la biomasse oléagineuse, via la polymérisation de synthons, issus d’huiles végétales, en polymères hyper-ramifiés. Ces recherches ont conduit à la synthèse et à la purification d’un nouveau monomère biosourcé, le 10,11-epoxy undecan-1-ol (EUnd), dont la polymérisation par ouverture de cycle (ROMBP) a permis de générer des polyéthers hyper-ramifiés biosourcés. Les conditions de polymérisations ont été étudiées en laboratoire dans le but d’optimiser les rendements de synthèse mais aussi afin de contrôler la structure chimique, ainsi que leurs propriétés. La copolymérisation de l’EUnd avec le glycidol a permis d’atteindre de nouvelles propriétés, notamment en termes de solubilité. Une seconde partie fut consacrée à la fonctionnalisation de polyesters hyper-ramifiés biosourcés, développés au LCPO lors du projet HyPerBioPol. L’objectif étant de contrôler la solubilisation des composés dans différents milieux, polaires et apolaires, afin de créer des polymères pouvant être utilisés comme agents de réticulation. / The aim of this thesis is to valorize oilseed biomass through the polymerization of building block, stemming from vegetable oils, into hyperbranched polymers. This research involves the synthesis and purification of a new bio-based monomer, coined as 10,11- epoxyundecanol (EUnd), which ring-opening multibranching polymerization (ROMBP) has generated bio-based hyperbranched polyethers (hbPEUnd). Conditions of polymerization have been studied in order to maximize yields of reaction and control both the chemical structure and the properties of hbPEUnd. Copolymerization of EUnd with glycidol has also been implemented, yielding hyperbranched copolyethers with varied properties (e.g. solubility). The second part of this work has been dedicated to the functionalization of bio-based hyperbranched polyesters, developed in the frame of a former project. Appropriate derivatizations have provided these modified polyesters with solubility in polar solvents and made them employable as curing agents.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Philippe Andre Rocha Gail.pdf: 543695 bytes, checksum: d02f6f1532fbabd145fed06fae282942 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-19 / This work of scientific investigation is aimed to (re)observe tax law thru a new way of reading. This new way establishes itself into the first chapter stressing the evolution of the philosophical doctrines specially the linguistic turn and its influence in the contemporary legal dogmatic. In the second chapter the concepts deriving from the Systems Theory applicable to this work are established and cleared in this structuring. In the third and fourth chapters the social legal subsystem is revisited from an auto-reference and hetero-referenced point of view, respectively. In the fifth chapter the form of legitimating the legal communications thru the time differentiation (proceedings) are studied as well as the geographical position of the judicial and administrative courts in this subsystem. In the last chapter, some actual cases regarding tax law decided in administrative or judicial courts are studied under theses systemic paradigms, in other words, change and contingency are put in contraposition with the legal certainty and stability of the decided legal relationships / Este trabalho de investigação científica visa (re)observar o direito tributário por meio de uma nova chave de leitura. Esta chave inicia-se com o estabelecimento das noções fundamentais no primeiro capítulo, ressaltando a evolução das correntes filosóficas, especialmente, o giro linguístico e sua influência na dogmática contemporânea. No segundo capítulo estabelecem-se os conceitos derivantes da Teoria dos Sistemas aplicáveis ao trabalho, elucidando sua estruturação. No terceiro e quarto capítulos o subsistema jurídico da sociedade é revisitado a partir de uma autorreferência e de uma héterorreferência, respectivamente. No quinto capítulo a forma de legitimação das comunicações jurídicas através da diferenciação temporal são estudadas em conjunto com a localização geográfica das cortes administrativas e judiciais neste subsistema. No último capítulo alguns casos concretos do direito tributário julgados nas cortes administrativas e judiciais são estudados sob os novos paradigmas sistêmicos, ou seja, a mudança e contingência são postas em contraposição à certeza do direito e estabilidade das relações jurídicas já decididas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Ambrosio Chimenti.pdf: 1175682 bytes, checksum: 57f4e4a29328f856d9c2b28b67f9ea67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-08 / This study analyzes the treatment granted to the elderly by the Brazilian and foreign legislation over the years and the need of special care due to the unprivileged position they occupy in the society. The study shows the current Brazilian legislation that assures special and privileged rights to the elderly, once they were considered vulnerable by Brazilian Constitution of 1988. In spite of recognizing the elderly vulnerable compared to other people, the Constitution does not define who is considered elderly. The federal laws (specially the Elderly Statute) determine that elderly is person that is older than sixty year. The criterion adopted is very objective and simple. However it is not satisfactory since the life expectancy is growing and many people are no longer considered elderly at the age of 60 nowadays. The study presents alternatives to face this problem and analyzes the feasibility of changing the criterion to define whether someone is elderly or not, and therefore entitled to the benefits granted by the Brazilian legislation. Besides, the study presents an analysis about the vulnerability of the elderly as set forth in the Brazilian Law and the possibility of treating the elderly as hyper vulnerable under certain circumstances. The third section of the study discusses the healthcare provided to elderly by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and by the private initiative (especially health plan operators) and how the Brazilian Courts act in this regard / O trabalho se constitui em uma análise sobre o tratamento conferido aos idosos pelas sociedades brasileiras e estrangeiras ao longo dos anos, demonstrando a posição de inferioridade e exclusão que sempre foi conferida a essa classe de pessoas. Apresenta-se um estudo sobre as legislações pátria e internacional que garantem prerrogativas e direitos especiais ao idoso, reconhecido pela Constituição Federal de 1988 como vulnerável. A Carta Magna, contudo, não tratou da difícil missão de conceituar o idoso, ficando a cargo da legislação infraconstitucional (Estatuto do Idoso) delimitar que idoso no Brasil é a pessoa que conta com idade igual ou maior a 60 anos. O critério, apesar de objetivo e simples, mostra-se insatisfatório com o aumento da expectativa e com a qualidade de vida que muitas das pessoas com 60 anos contam nos dias atuais. Por isso, o estudo pretende apresentar soluções para essa problemática e analisar a viabilidade de mudança do critério para avaliar se uma pessoa é idosa ou não. Ademais, versa este trabalho a respeito da vulnerabilidade do idoso e da possibilidade de situações em que ele será tratado como hipervulnerável no sistema. Por fim, a terceira parte deste estudo trata da questão da saúde do idoso e como o Sistema Único de Saúde e a iniciativa privada (em especial as operadoras de plano de saúde) atuam na proteção dessa classe que, por regra, tem a saúde mais debilitada do que os demais cidadãos/usuários/consumidores. A atuação do Poder Judiciário em matéria de saúde dos idosos e na concessão de medidas que visam a implementação de políticas públicas também é objeto de estudo no presente trabalho

Un des aspects les plus intéressants des identités numériques du type "Me-Sphere" est sa variabilité : les usagers d’Internet utilisent les technologies de l’écriture et de l’image, les espaces privés/publiques des RS et les dispositifs de connectivité à Internet afin de transformer leurs identités numériques. Nous explorons ce développement hypermédiatisé de la Digital Identity. Notre hypothèse de recherche est : l’hypermédiatisation reconfigure les manières de produire et de percevoir des informations et des connaissances. Cela signifie que la production de contenus d'information a des implications logiques, esthétiques et éthiques liées à la pratique social de l'identité numérique. Mots-clés : Identité numérique (Digital ID), Réseaux socionumériques (RS), Interaction, Hypermédiatisation, Me-Sphere / One of the most interesting aspects of "Me-Sphere" digital identities is their variability: (a) Internet users employ the technologies of writing and images, (b) private/public areas of social network, and (c) connectivity devices of Internet, to transform their digital identities. We explore this hyper-mediatized development of Personal Identity. Our research hypothesis is: the hyper-mediatization reconfigures the production and information of knowledge. This means that the production of information contents has logical, aesthetic and ethical implications on the social practice of digital identity. Keywords Digital identity (digital ID), Social Networks (RS), Interaction, Hyper-mediatization, Me-Sphere

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:13:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cintia Dal Bello.pdf: 7029153 bytes, checksum: 24435b49cc946da62393e40b7203fe1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this research is to understand the phenomenon of cybermediatic tele-existence existence in real time enabled by cybercultural communication and relationship platforms in fixed or mobile devices to gauge their socio-anthropological impact and, based on an analysis of the relationship between subjectivity, tele-existence and cybercultural visibility, examine the individual‟s status in the hyper-spectacular dimension. The object of study is the spectral, signic corporality, the signic-imagerial arrangement, which gives the user an apparent organicity that renders him present in communication environments. The delimitation of the corpus involves the observation of profiles, avatars and other interfaces of subjective projection in social networks, metaverses and social games to understand the imperative process of continuous spectralization of existence resulting from the natural desire for self-exposure. Having stated the above, the main question guiding this research is: If the projection of existence in cyberspace is aimed at providing a thumbnail sketch of the individual in the midst of information flows, giving him cybermediatic visibility, why is its effect usually that of contributing to his dissolution or invisibility? To answer this question, we propose the hypothesis that to tele-exist, albeit perceived as a pleasant pastime, constitutes an agonistic dispute for the mediatic center stage, which leads to the excessive production of information as a strategy to keep the user continually in the limelight. Everyone wants to appear because they fear insignificance, which is associated with the fear of nonexistence. Because existence from now on seems to make sense only when it passes through cybermediatic hyper-spectacularization, the essence of the individual‟s composition in cyberspace has shifted from Who I am to What I‟m thinking/doing. The effect of the information saturation and excessive visibility resulting from this shift is that every act of projection simultaneously becomes one of dissolution (in)visibility. The methodology for this research consisted of a literature survey and a qualitative field study, based on netnography (translated into its main elements: noninvasive entry into the aforementioned platforms, exploratory survey of profiles and avatars, participant observation, and unstructured interviews with users). The theoretical foundation of this interdisciplinary research (philosophical, sociological, anthropological and psychoanalytical), which provided the necessary epistemological frameworks for the analysis of the object of study, for checking hypotheses, and for solving the research problem, includes philosophical postmodernism, French post-structuralism, cultural semiotics and phenomenological sociodromology / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender o fenômeno da tele-existência cibermediática existência em tempo real facultada por plataformas ciberculturais de comunicação e relacionamento, em dispositivos tecnológicos fixos ou móveis para dimensionar sua repercussão socioantropológica e, a partir da análise da relação entre subjetividade, tele-existência e visibilidade cibercultural, pensar o estatuto do sujeito na dimensão hiperespetacular. Seu objeto de estudo é o corpo sígnico, espectral, arranjamento sígnico-imagético que confere organicidade aparente ao usuário para presentificá-lo nos ambientes comunicacionais. Na delimitação do corpus, trata-se de observar perfis, avatares e outras interfaces de projeção subjetiva em redes sociais, metaversos e social games para compreender o processo imperativo de espectralização live da existência, decorrente da naturalização do desejo de autoexposição. Isto posto, a principal questão norteadora da pesquisa é: se a projeção da existência no cyberspace tem por objetivo delinear o sujeito em meio a fluxos informacionais, conferindo-lhe visibilidade cibermediática, por que o efeito, via de regra, concorre para a sua dissolução ou invisibilidade? Para tal problemática, acenam-se as hipóteses de que tele-existir, embora percebido como agradável passatempo, constitui disputa agonística pelo centro da cena mediática, o que leva à produção desmesurada de informações como estratégia para manter o usuário continuamente em destaque. Todos querem ――apareSer‖‖ porque temem a insignificância, correlata ao medo de inexistir. Como doravante a existência só parece adquirir sentido quando passa pela instância (ciber)mediática, o eixo de constituição do sujeito no cyberspace deslocou-se de ―quem sou eu‖ para ―em que estou pensando/fazendo‖. Entretanto, por efeito de saturação informacional e excesso de visibilidade, todo ato de projeção é, simultaneamente, dissolução (in)visibilidade. Como metodologia, o projeto previu a realização de pesquisa bibliográfica e de estudo qualitativo de campo, pautado na netnografia (assim traduzida em seus elementos principais: ingresso não-invasivo nas plataformas citadas, levantamento exploratório de perfis e avatares, observação participante e realização de entrevistas não-estruturadas com usuários). O quadro teórico de fundamentação da pesquisa, de base interdisciplinar (filosófica, sociológica, antropológica e psicanalítica), inclui o pós-modernismo filosófico, o pós-estruturalismo francês, a semiótica da cultura, a sociodromologia fenomenológica, e deverá fornecer os referenciais epistemológicos necessários para a análise do objeto de estudo, para a checagem das hipóteses e para a resolução do problema de pesquisa

Pour prémunir les structures spatiales d'impacts hyper-véloces, le secteur aérospatial est continuellement à la recherche de matériaux toujours plus performants. Dans cette optique, les verres métalliques massifs se présentent comme de potentiels éléments de blindages spatiaux. De récentes études ont mis en exergue une meilleure résistance à la pénétration de ces matériaux comparativement aux blindages actuels. Les impacts par lanceurs permettent d'étudier et caractériser le comportement sous chocs des matériaux. Cependant, les vitesses des projectiles se retrouvent actuellement limitées à 10 km/s, correspondant aux niveaux d'impacts hyper-véloces les plus modérés. Pour s'affranchir de cette limitation, il est possible de se tourner vers les lasers de puissance. Ces dispositifs permettent de générer des ondes de choc dont les niveaux de pression et de vitesse de déformation sont supérieurs aux lanceurs. Les travaux menés ont permis d'étudier et de caractériser le comportement et l'endommagement de plusieurs verres métalliques ternaires ZrCuAl sous choc laser. Plusieurs campagnes expérimentales ont été réalisées sur les installations du Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI2000 et ELFIE). Une partie de l'équation d'état des nuances étudiées a été obtenue à la fois par choc laser et compression isentropique. Les processus d'endommagement, l'influence des vitesses de déformation et de composition sur la rupture ont été étudiés. Pour des régimes de vitesse de déformation supérieurs de trois ordres de grandeur à ceux disponibles dans la littérature, il a été mis en évidence que les verres métalliques étudiés présentaient une limite à la rupture cinq à dix fois supérieure. / Space industry is always searching for efficient materials to protect space structures from high-velocity impacts. In this context, bulk metallic glasses appear as suitable elements of space debris shielding assemblies. Recent studies revealed a higher tolerance to impact of metallic glasses compared to materials currently used in shield assemblies. Gas-gun and powder launchers are usually used to study and characterize the dynamic and shock behaviour of materials. However, projectiles velocities are currently limited to 10 km/s, corresponding to the lowest high-velocity impacts levels. To overcome this limitation, one may consider shock waves induced by high-power laser facilities, whose pressure and strain rate levels can exceed those induced by canons. Hence, this work enabled to study and to characterize the dynamic and damage behaviours of several compositions of ternary ZrCuAl bulk metallic glasses subjected to shock waves induced by laser irradiation. Several experimental campaigns have been conducted on various laser facilities of the Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI2000 and ELFIE). A part of the equation of state of the studied compositions was established using both shock waves and quasi-isentropic compressions. Damage processes and the composition and strain rate effects on fracture were also studied. For strain rate levels higher of three or more orders of magnitude than those available in the literature, it was shown that studied bulk metallic glasses displayed a five to ten times higher dynamic tensile limit.