Les nanocristaux à structure non-centrosymétrique présentent des propriétés optiques non linéaires prometteuses pour une utilisation en tant que marqueurs optiques en imagerie biomédicale, avec un intérêt significatif en termes de suivi sur de longues durées et de profondeur de pénétration dans les tissus biologiques. Le développement de ces marqueurs nécessite la détermination de leurs efficacités optiques non linéaires afin de pouvoir sélectionner les nanocristaux les plus prometteurs. Pour cela, la technique de diffusion Hyper-Rayleigh a été adaptée à la caractérisation de suspensions de nanoparticules (BaTiO3, KNbO3, KTP, LiNbO3 et ZnO, BiFeO3) pour lesquelles l’influence de paramètres comme la taille, la concentration ou l’état d’agrégation a été analysée et discutée. Les nanocristaux de BiFeO3 possèdent une efficacité optique non linéaire largement supérieure aux autres particules, démontrant leur potentiel pour la réalisation de nano-sondes optiques particulièrement performantes. Des mesures résolues en polarisation ont également été mises en œuvre pour déterminer les coefficients optiques non linéaires indépendants des particules étudiées. Dans ce cadre, une étude a permis de mettre en évidence l’influence de la forme des nanocristaux sur cette réponse. / Non-centrosymetric nanocrystals show promising nonlinear optical properties for being used as optical labels in bio-imaging applications, with significant interest for observations of long duration and for penetration depth into biological tissues. The development of such biomarkers requires the determination of their nonlinear optical properties to select the best potential markers. In this thesis, Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) technique is used to determine nonlinear efficiencies of several nanocystals (BaTiO3, KNbO3, KTP, LiNbO3, ZnO and BiFeO3). These ensemble measurements have been performed on nanocrystals suspensions, for which the influence of parameters such as size, concentration and aggregation state was discussed. BiFeO3nanocrystals offer the best nonlinear optical efficiency compared to other particles, showing their potential as efficient optical biomarkers. Polarisation-resolved measurements have also been performed to retrieve individual coefficients of the nonlinear tensor of the investigated materials and influent parameters such as nanocrystals shape have been identified.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 valente_sbm_me_bauru.pdf: 4021051 bytes, checksum: 9c1bc31bdefdd73a2eca59fdb12b201b (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Conforme o mercado de luxo foi crescendo, inúmeros desafios surgiram diante dele, sendo a Internet um dos principais. Apesar de representar uma excelente oportunidade na construção de uma marca, a Internet é uma mídia de acesso global, cuja ampla disseminação colocaria em risco conceitos substanciais de luxo, como sua tradição, raridade e exclusividade. Nesse sentido, desde a popularização da Internet, tornou-se muito recorrente a dúvida se a mídia seria uma oportunidade ou uma ameaça para os negócios de luxo. É por isso que essa pesquisa visa compreender as mudanças estabelecidas pela Web no universo premium, identificando e avaliando os conceitos, significados e valores envolvidos na comunicação de marcas de luxo na Internet. O objetivo é compreender se esta comunicação consegue manter os valores do luxo, como exclusividade e status, e ainda, agregar novos valores. Para isso, realizou-se uma minuciosa Análise de Conteúdo dos websites de três das mais importantes grifes globais - Yves Saint Laurent, Givenchy e Dior - em parceria com as teorias da 'Sociedade de Hiperconsumo' de Lipovetsky, 'Cauda Longa' de Chris Anderson e 'Interação Mediada por Computador' de Alex Primo, cujos pensamentos, contemporâneos possibilitaram a interpretação dos dados coletados. Como o objetivo é também identificar as mudanças trazidas pela Web, a técnica encontrada foi uma análise comparativa do conteúdo dos sites com a comunicação tradicional, aqui representada por anúncios publicitários da revista Vogue América. Como resultado, a pesquisa observou que a Internet é uma excelente oportunidade para as marcas de luxo construírem relações mais próximas e personalizadas com seus consumidores e que o luxo é um setor capaz de se reinventar e assumir facetas diferentes ao longo do tempo, associando-se a determinadas posturas e práticas conforme as tendências sócio-culturais... / As the luxury market has grown, many challenges have appeared, and the Internet is one of the biggest. Althrough it represent an excellent opportunity to build a brand, the Internet is a global media access, which wide dissemination could endanger substantial concepts of luxury, as its tradition, rarity and exclusivity. Therafore, since the popularization of the Web, has become common the doubt whether the online media would be an apportunity or a threat to the business of luxury. This research seeks to understand the changes established by the Internet on the luxury universe, identifying and evaluating the concepts, meanings and values envolved in the communication of the luxury brands on the Internet. The purpose is to understand whether this communication can keep the values of luxury, as exclusivity and status, and also add new values. Thereby, was perfomed a detailed content analysis of the Website of three global brands - Yves Saint Laurent, Givenchy and Dior - in partnership with the theories of the Hyper-consumption Society by Lipovetsky, 'Long Tail' by Chris Anderson and 'Interaction Mediated by Computer' by Alex Primo, whose contemporary thoughts enabled an interpretation of collected data. Since the intend is to identify the changes brought by the Web, the appropriate technique was a comparative analysis of the content of sites with traditional communication, here represent by advertising in Vogue America magazine. As result, the research observes that the Internet in an excellent opportunity for luxury brands to build closer and personalized relations with its consumers and that luxury sector is able to reinvent itself and take on different facets over time, associating with certain attitudes and practices according to the socio-cultural tendencies. Always retains some characteristics of which the distinctive character is the most obvious... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoPS_TESE.pdf: 3784271 bytes, checksum: 849830dbd2f14b3522f66052ac9aa627 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-13 / The approach that undertakes this work revolves around the emergence of iconic structures on reflecting about the meaning of different methods of image representation through which the contemporaneity reveals itself. At baseline, three aspects are considered looking for an analytical ontology of the act of representation and imagery: the transition of representation in the oral culture of societies for writing, from these to typography, and finally the creation of a representation device. Resorted to, therefore, the argument by some genealogy reference points that technological instances such as writing, printing and photography, the evolution of this process, correspond, in itself, a consequent shift technique, for each representation precedent. In the area of the image, the most salient aspect of this change in foward process is the emergence of hyper-reality: the instances of hyper-realistic representation. In the Western context, the 'simulation of the world' - essential idea of mimesis is the work of an autonomous an conventional system. It should be noted, then the fact that under unreflective of the post-industrial societies, the mass-media image is coating with natural or fake code including - according to Baudrillard - tends to replace the real world in the "perpetuation of a large chain of simulacra." Hence in modern times, in the postindustrial society, during the crisis of the representation regimen and perception, centered in the referent. In this limit, new settings are established by aesthetic representations of imagery in contemporary culture: establishing spaces of simulation [Jean Baudrillard] the spectacle [Guy Debord] and hypermodernity [Gilles Lipovetsky] in which they operate. In these assemblages, saps the emergence of Hyper-reality Representation Instances - as seen in this study aesthetic events to configure itineraries of a new sensibility. It is the nature of this practice sign-iconic, ingrained in the creation of current artistic expression, which this research engaged in peering: the hyper-realistic setting, taking empirical support central to contemporary imagery production, diverse formats of analog representation. / A abordagem que empreende este trabalho gira em torno da emerg?ncia de estruturas ic?nicas, reflexionando sobre o sentido de diferentes modalidades de representa??o imag?tica por meio das quais a contemporaneidade se revela. ? partida, tr?s aspectos s?o considerados para uma anal?tica em busca da ontologia do ato da representa??o imag?tica: a transi??o da representa??o nas sociedades de cultura oral para a escrita; destas para a tecnologia tipogr?fica e, finalmente, a constitui??o de dispositivo de representa??o fotogr?fica. Recorre-se, portanto, ? argumenta??o por meio de alguns pontos de refer?ncia geneal?gica de que inst?ncias tecnol?gicas como a escrita, a tipografia e a fotografia, na evolu??o desse processo, correspondem, per si, a uma viragem t?cnica consequente, em rela??o a cada representa??o precedente. No dom?nio da imagem, o aspecto mais proeminente dessa mudan?a no decurso avan?ado consiste na emerg?ncia da hiper-realidade: das inst?ncias de representa??o hiper-realista. No contexto ocidental, a simula??o do mundo ideia essencial da mimesis - ? obra de um sistema aut?nomo e convencional. Sublinha-se, ent?o, o fato de que, no ?mbito irreflexivo das sociedades p?s-industriais, a imagem mass-midi?tica se reveste com o falso c?digo de natural ou inclusive de acordo com Baudrillard tende a substituir o mundo real na perpetua??o de uma larga cadeia de simulacros . Da?, na modernidade, em plena sociedade p?s-industrial, decorrer a crise do regime de representa??o e de percep??o, centrado no referente. Neste limite instauram-se novas configura??es est?ticas de representa??es imag?ticas na cultura contempor?nea: instituindo espa?os da simula??o [Jean Baudrillard], do espet?culo [Guy Debord] e da hipermodernidade [Gilles Lipovetsky] em que operam. A estes agenciamentos, acode a emers?o das Inst?ncias de Representa??o Hiper-real vistas neste estudo como ocorr?ncias est?ticas a configurarem itiner?rios de uma nova sensibilidade. ? da natureza dessa pr?tica signo-ic?nica, incrustada na cria??o da express?o art?stica atual, que esta pesquisa se ocupou em perscrutar: a configura??o hiper-realista, tomando como suporte emp?rico central a produ??o imag?tica contempor?nea, em formatos diversificados da representa??o anal?gica.

A utilização de laser para estudo, análise e caracterização de materiais é de imensa importância no desenvolvimento e progresso da ciência e tecnologia, melhorando ciclicamente a área de ótica não linear (ONL). Estudos do comportamento de compostos orgânicos cujas estruturas são π conjugadas mostram sua ampla aplicabilidade em dispositivos eletrônicos e na área medicinal. A adição de grupos laterias doadores ou aceitadores de elétrons têm a capacidade de aumentar os efeitos ópticos não lineares nestes compostos, otimizando suas propriedades. Nesta dissertação de mestrado, foram realizados estudos em compostos orgânicos focados em suas características ópticas não lineares. Nove derivados de chalconas e quatro derivados de azometinas foram analisadas através da técnica de espalhamento hiper-Rayleigh (HRS) e da técnica de varredura-z, cujos efeitos óticos não lineares observados correspondem à segunda e terceira ordem da polarizabilidade, respectivamente. Com o espalhamento hiper-Rayleigh, foram determinadas a primeira hiperpolarizabilidade βHRS cujo valor mais alto foi 24×10−30 cm5/esu para as chalconas e 273×10−30 cm5/esu para as azometinas. A técnica de varredura-z foi utilizada para determinar o espectro da seção de choque de absorção de dois fótons (σ2PA) cujos valores de pico das moléculas derivadas de chalconas são de aproximadamente 15 GM e algumas apresentaram estados excitados que são permitidos apenas por absorção de dois fótons. Duas das moléculas derivadas de azometinas apresentaram valores de pico da ordem de 12 GM, uma não apresentou absorção de dois fótons e uma apresentou valor de pico de 55 GM. Além disso, foi utilizado o método de Soma-Sobre-Estados (SOS - do inglês Sum-Over-States) para determinar os momentos de dipolo de transição e diferença de momentos de dipolo permanente de todos os derivados. / The use of lasers for study, analyses and characterization of materials are of great importance for progress and development of science and technology, improving in a cyclic way the nonlinear optics area (NLO). Studies of the behave of π-conjugated organic compounds show its wide applicability in electronic devices and in the medicinal area. Adding electron donor or acceptor lateral groups to these compounds may alter its nonlinear optical effects, optimizing its properties. In this Master dissertation, studies on organic compounds focused in its nonlinear optical characteristics were realized. Nine chalcone derivatives and four azomethines derivatives were analyzed using the Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering technique (HRS) and Z-Scan technique, by which the nonlinear optical effects observed corresponds to the second and third order of the polarizabilities, respectively. With the HRS the first hyperpolarizability βHRS was determined, which the highest values was of 24×10−30 cm5/esu for the chalcones, and 273×10−30 cm5/esu for the azomethines. The Z-Scan technique was utilized for determining the two-photon cross-section σ2PA which peak values of the chalcone derivatives were of approximately 15 GM and some of them presented excited states that are only allowed by two-photon absorption. Two of the azomethines derivatives molecules presented peak values of the order of 12 GM, one of them did not present two-photon absorption, and one presented peak value of 55 GM. Furthermore, the Sum-Over-States (SOS) method was used to determine the transition dipole momentums and the difference of permanent dipole momentum of all of the derivatives.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-12-18T13:38:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Gilson Vedoin - 2017.pdf: 3089314 bytes, checksum: 890dcc690bf1417298a75102a5c9df05 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-12-18T13:39:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Gilson Vedoin - 2017.pdf: 3089314 bytes, checksum: 890dcc690bf1417298a75102a5c9df05 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-18T13:39:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Gilson Vedoin - 2017.pdf: 3089314 bytes, checksum: 890dcc690bf1417298a75102a5c9df05 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The present work anchors on the attempt to investigate within the fiction novel by the French writer Lolita Pille and the Brazilian André Sant’Anna, the formal and thematic alterations which the romance novel has been showing to represent the experiences from the individuals integrated into the contemporary world – hypermodern age and hyperstage, thus relating to Gilles Lipovetsky (2009). As attested by Mikhail Bakhtin (1988) and Marthe Robert (2007), if the romance novel never reaches its limits, it is possible to glimpse new forms of the romance representation in the fictions of Pille and Sant’Anna. The content from their works is demarcated by the use of expressive strategies that try to accentuate the impoverishment of the characters’ configurations and relations stablished among them, as always written in an immediate space, detatched from the modern universalism and marked by the cacophony of signs and symbols from the global consumerism that is abundant in the hypermodern and hyper stage era. This is the age in which culture loses its monolithic and elevated status, now becoming a matter of media, therefore, crossed by the pluralism of the massive, imaginary and multimedia forms, inherent to the consumerist cosmos, and in which once were postponed to ostracism by the high modernism. Thus, certain form of contemporary narratives, and here are inserted the novels Bubble gum (2004), by Lolita Pille and O paraíso é bem bacana (2006), by André Sant’Anna, instead of representing the materiality of the real, end up absorbing a discursive style adapted from the media and hyperstage culture, developing a prose ruled by a “video style” or “videography” (JAMESON, 2002; DUBOIS, 2004), which contributes to doubt on the analytic paradigms used by modernity in what refers to the novel aspect and hermeneutic meaning aroused by the work in the receiver. In this sense, the thesis procedures on an analytic study on the two referred novels, lining up on a bibliographic and quality research, as also as treading an investigative course that focus on highlighting how the social contexts of the novels articulate themselves under the literary, sociologic, historical and cultural points of view. From this perspective, oriented by the notion of concepts inherent to the field of culture and contemporary studies, we will promote an analysis on the intrinsic structural processes regarding each novel lastly directing to the search of elements thatprove their resistance, or not, to the standards set by the order of globalized capitalism. / O presente trabalho se ancora na tentativa de investigar, a partir do estudo da obra ficcional da francesa Lolita Pille e do brasileiro André Sant’Anna, as alterações formais e temáticas que ogênero romanesco vem registrando para representar as experiências dos indivíduos integrados ao mundo contemporâneo – era hipermoderna e do hiperespetáculo, para usar as conceituações de Gilles Lipovetsky (2009). Conforme atestam Mikhail Bakhtin (1988) e Marthe Robert (2007), se o gênero romanesco nunca atinge seu limite, podem-se vislumbrar novas formas de representação romanesca na ficção de Pille e Sant’Anna. O conteúdo de suas obras é demarcado pelo uso de estratégias expressivas que almejam acentuar o empobrecimento da configuração das personagens e das relações estabelecidas entre si, sempre transcorridas num espaço imediatista, desvinculado do universalismo moderno e demarcado pela cacofonia dos signos e símbolos do consumo global que permeiam a era hipermoderna e do hiperespetáculo. Essa é a época em que a cultura perde seu caráter elevado e monolítico, tornando-se uma questão de mídia e sendo, portanto, atravessada pelo pluralismo das formas imagéticas, massivas e multimidiáticas inerentes ao universo do consumo, e que outrora foram relegadas ao ostracismo pelo alto modernismo. Desse modo, certa modalidade de narrativas contemporâneas, e aqui se insere o romance Bubble gum (2004), de Lolita Pille e a obra O paraíso é bem bacana (2006), de André Sant’Anna, ao invés de representar a materialidade do real, acabam por absorver alguns modos de escrituras da cultura midiática do hiperespetáculo, produzindo uma prosa pautada por uma “estética do vídeo” ou “videografia” (JAMESON, 2002; DUBOIS, 2004), contribuindo para colocar em xeque os paradigmas analíticos utilizados pela modernidade no tocante a forma romanesca e o sentido hermenêutico suscitado pela obra no receptor. Nesse sentido, a tese tem como procedimento o estudo analítico dos referidos romances, pautando-se na pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, qualitativa, e andando num percurso investigativo que visa evidenciar como se articula o social sob o qual as obras se assentam do ponto de vista literário, sociológico, histórico e cultural. Dessa perspectiva, orientada pela noção de conceitos inerentes ao campo dos estudos culturais e do contemporâneo, será realizada uma análise dos processos estruturais intrínsecos relativos a cada obra, chegando, por fim, à busca de elementos que comprovem sua resistência ou não aos padrões instituídos pela ordem do capitalismo globalizado.

L'objectif de cette étude est de comprendre comment circulent les imaginaires touristiques de la ville de Tanger à travers de sa trajectoire touristique. Le discours touristique sur la destination repose sur un imaginaire puissant de la ville qui configure des représentations hétérogènes héritées du passé de la ville qui s'est, très tôt, imposée comme ville-monde puis comme un haut-lieu littéraire du XIXème siècle. Le travail sur le décalage narratif dans les points de vue des divers acteurs en coprésence sur le territoire, et dans leur action urbanistique, révèlent les modes de consommation et de (re) production des imaginaires touristiques en vue de construire ou freiner la métropolisation de la ville postcoloniale. D'une part, la dynamique de l'action autour des patrimoines permet de comprendre le rôle du tourisme dans l'ancrage territorial d'imaginaires géographiques en déshérence. D'autre part, la conception des acteurs étatiques du projet urbain met en évidence la manière dont sont récupérées et aseptisées les images du tourisme dans l'élaboration de la relation de la ville au monde afin de l'intégrer à l'économie globale. / The objective of this study is to understand how circulates the tourism imaginaries of the city of Tangier through its touristic trajectory. The tourism discourse on the destination rely on a powerful imaginary of the city which configures heterogeneous representations inherited from the past of the city which stood out, early, as city-world then as a literary top-place of the 19th century. The work on the narrative gap in the points of view of the diverse actors in copresence on the territory reveals the modes of consumption and of (re) production of the tourism imaginaries to build or slow down the metropolisation of the post­colonial city. On one band, the dynamics of the action around the heritages allows to understand the role of the tourism in the territorial anchoring of dormant geographical imaginaries. On the other band, the urban project conception by the state actors highlights the way are got back and disinfected the images of the tourism in the elaboration of the relation of the city to the world towards to integrate it into the global economy.

Nous nous intéressons au développement ainsi qu’à la modélisation théorique de techniques de spectroscopie optique de champ lointain capables de coupler résolutions spatiale et temporelle grâce à l’utilisation de faisceaux d'excitation mis en forme spatialement. Nous établissons, théoriquement et expérimentalement, que dans une expérience de mélange de quatre ondes réalisée avec des faisceaux de Laguerre-Gauss, la charge totale du moment orbital est conservée. Nous montrons comment cette propriété peut être mise à profit pour travailler en géométrie colinéaire dans le but d’améliorer la résolution spatiale des expériences. Dans une deuxième partie, nous présentons une technique de spectroscopie « pompe-sonde » résolue spatialement que nous avons conçue et développée : l’imagerie temporelle est obtenue via la détection interférométrique des variations d’indice d’un matériau vues par une sonde étendue et consécutives à l’excitation par une impulsion pompe focalisée à la limite de diffraction. Nos modélisations démontre d’un tel montage associé à l’emploi d’une impulsion pompe modulée spatialement doit permettre, grâce au battement entre les fréquences spatiales des inhomogénéités de l’échantillon et de la modulation spatiale de l’excitation, de dépasser la limite de Rayleigh. / This work focuses on developing and modelling far-field spectroscopic methods that couple spatial and time resolutions by using beam-shaping. In a first part, we demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, that generating a signal in a four-wave mixing experiment performed with Laguerre-Gauss beams, implies the conservation of the total charge of the orbital momentum. We show that this specificity can be used to perform experiments with collinear beams in order to improve spatial resolution. In a second part, we present a time- and spatially-resolved pump-probe technique of our own design: time-resolved imaging is obtained by the interferometric detection of variations in the refraction index of a material, undergone by a wide probe and induced by a diffraction-limited pump-pulse. Improving such an experiment set-up with a spatially-modulated pump-pulse should enable, thanks to the beating between spatial frequencies of sample inhomogeneities and the excitation spatial-modulation, to increase spatial resolution go the Rayleigh criterion.

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Belönade annonser är den mest populära annonstypen i mobilspel men har trots detta inte mycket tidigare forskning bakom sig. Denna undersöknings mål är därför att skapa en förståelse kring hur olika utvalda implementationer av belönade annonser kan påverka spelupplevelsen. Spelupplevelse i denna undersökning är uppdelad i områdena engagemang, kompetens och påträngsel. För att få denna förståelse så skapades tre versioner av en artefakt som efterliknade ett mobilspel och innehöll olika implementationer av belönade annonser. Dessa versioner av artefakten testades sedan med hjälp av deltagare som observerades och intervjuades. Resultatet kom att visa på att den viktigaste faktorn var belöningens värde och typ snarare än när möjligheten uppstod att titta på en belönad annons. Framtida forskning baserat på denna undersökning skulle kunna vidareutvecklas genom att bland annat inkludera andra spelgenrer, belöningstyper och spelartyper. / <p>Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.</p>