Deligne and Howe described polarized abelian varieties over finite fields in terms of finitely generated free Z-modules satisfying a list of easy to state axioms. In this thesis we address the problem of developing an effective algorithm to compute isomorphism classes of (principally) polarized abelian varieties over a finite field, together with their automorphism groups. Performing such computations requires the knowledge of the ideal classes (both invertible and non-invertible) of certain orders in number fields. Hence we describe a method to compute the ideal class monoid of an order and we produce concrete computations in dimension 2, 3 and 4.

I Sverige finns en allmän uppfattning om att idrotten är god och har en positiv inverkan på såväl individ som samhälle. Däremot är idrottens roll komplex och forskningen på huruvida det finns en korrelation mellan idrottsdeltagande och upplevd självkänsla är mer delad. Denna kandidatuppsats syftar till att undersöka hur idrottare upplever att deras självkänsla har påverkats av den kultur och de normer som dominerar den idrottsliga miljön samt hur denna upplevelse eventuellt skiljer sig mellan kvinnor och män. Uppsatsens teoretiska ramverk utgår från socialpsykologiska teorier om självkänsla och hur sociala miljöer påverkar individen. Teorierna behandlar generell självkänsla, prestationsbaserad självkänsla, fysisk självkänsla, självkoncept och social identitet. Uppsatsen tillämpar en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer med totalt sex respondenter. Givet uppsatsens genusperspektiv har intervjuerna fördelats på tre kvinnor och tre män. Resultatet visar inget tydligt mönster mellan idrottsdeltagande och generell självkänsla. Samtliga respondenter upplever att prestation och jämförelse är det som påverkat självkänslan i störst utsträckning. Den största skillnaden mellan de kvinnliga och manliga respondenterna gäller den fysiska självkänslan där kvinnorna påverkats mer av kroppsideal inom idrotten. Det mest utmärkande i uppsatsens resultat är den delvis normaliserade tystnadskulturen som finns inom idrotten. / In Sweden there is a general perception that sport is good and has a positive impact on both individuals and society. In contrast, the role of sport is complex and the research on whether there is a correlation between sport participation and perceived self-esteem is more divided. This bachelor thesis aims to examine how athletes experience that their self-esteem has been affected by the culture and norms that dominate the sporting environment. In addition, investigate how this experience possibly differs between women and men. The thesis theoretical framework is based on social psychological theories about self-esteem and how social environments affect the individual. The theories explain general self-esteem, performance-based self-esteem, physical self-esteem, self-concept and social identity. The thesis applies a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews with a total of six respondents. Given the gender perspective, the interviews have been divided between three women and three men. The results show no clear pattern between sports participation and general self-esteem. All respondents experience that performance and comparison are the factors that affect self-esteem the most. The biggest difference between the female and male respondents concerns physical self-esteem, which shows that women are more influenced by body ideals in sports. The most distinctive founding in the result is the, partially normalized, culture of silence that exists within sports.

Fritidshemmet har enligt tidigare forskning befunnit sig i ett spänningsfält mellan socialpedagogiska och utbildningspedagogiska värden sedan integreringen med skolan på 1990-talet. Mot den bakgrunden är syftet med studien att belysa bilden av fritidshemmets verksamhet som framträder i personalens tal. Frågeställningen som besvaras är: Vilka ideal konstrueras i fritidspersonalens tal om planering av fritidshemmets verksamhet? Studien tar sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i socialkonstruktionismen och dess syn på hur kunskap och sanningar skapas med hjälp av språket. Det empiriska materialet i form av transkriberade intervjuer med fritidspedagoger och observationer av planeringsmöten med fritidspersonal analyseras med en diskursanalys påverkad av Foucaults teorier. Fyra övergripande ideal identifieras i studien: lärandeidealet, trygghetsidealet, lustidealet och samsynsidealet. Sammantaget visar de identifierade idealen/resultatet på att den bild av fritidshemmets verksamhet som framträder har inneburit en anpassning till det eftersträvade lärandet men att det fortfarande kan sägas befinna sig i spänningsfältet mellan socialpedagogiska och utbildningspedagogiska värden. / According to previous research, the leisure-time center has been in a field of tension between social-pedagogical and educational-pedagogical values since its integration with the school in the 1990s. Against this background, the purpose of the study is to shed light on the image of the leisure-time center that emerges in the staff's language. The question that is answered is: What ideals are constructed in the staff's language about planning the leisure-time center's activities? The study takes its theoretical starting point in social constructionism and its view of how knowledge and truths are created through language. The empirical material consisting of transcribed interviews with teachers in leisure-time center and observations of planning meetings with leisure staff is analyzed using a discourse analysis influenced by Foucault's theories. Four overarching ideals are identified in the study: the learning ideal, the safety ideal, the joy ideal and the consensus ideal. Taken together, the identified ideals/results show that the image of the leisure-time center that emerges has entailed an adaptation to the desired learning, but can still be said to be in the field of tension between social pedagogical and educational pedagogical values. / <p>Bedömande lärare: Charlotte Tullgren</p>

[pt] A perfuração de poços de petróleo envolve diversas fases. Com o avanço da tecnologia é possível explorar em águas ultra profundas com lâmina d água acima de 1500 metros de profundidade, com isso uma série de medidas precisam ser tomadas para que eventos catastróficos não ocorram durante a perfuração, eventos estes que podem gerar danos irreversíveis ao meio ambiente, multas altíssimas e expor a vida de centenas de pessoas. Dos eventos indesejados durante a perfuração, destacamos as instabilidades nas paredes dos poços, eventos como este podem gerar desmoronamentos devido à baixa pressões internas ou rupturas das paredes dos poços devido altas pressões. Com base nos modos de falha dos poços citados acima, o fluido de perfuração tem o objetivo de manter a pressão ideal no poço, sustentar suas paredes evitando desmoronamento, não somente isto, mas também remover os detritos ou cascalhos das rochas perfuradas, lubrificar e resfriar a broca. O presente trabalho buscou analisar o comportamento da parede dos poços quando submetidos a pressões que geram instabilidades e levam os poços a falhas irreversíveis, o método utilizado para mitigar os riscos foi o critério de falha de Mohr-Coulomb, e o desenvolvimento foi elaborado via métodos numéricos, mais específico em código de programação na linguagem Python, onde foi possível realizar simulações que visavam monitorar a estabilidade dos poços, demonstrando as áreas mais seguras e calculando as tensões atuantes durante a perfuração. / [en] The drilling of oil wells involves several phases. With the advancement of technology it is possible to explore ultra-deepwater with a water depth above 1500 meters deep, and a series of measures need to be taken so that catastrophic events have not occurred during drilling, events that can cause irreversible damage to the environment, very high fines and expose the lives of hundreds of people. Of the external events during drilling, we highlight the instabilities in the walls of the wells, events like this can generate landslides due to low internal pressure or ruptures of the walls of the wells due to high pressure. Based on the failure modes of the wells mentioned above, the drilling fluid has the objective of maintaining the ideal pressure in the well, sustaining its walls avoiding collapse, not only that but also removing the debris or cuttings from the drilled rocks, lubricating and cool the bit. The present work sought to analyze the behavior of the wall of the wells when it patented the pressure that generated instabilities and lead the wells to irreversible failures, the method used to mitigate the risks was the confirmed Mohr-Coulomb failure, and the development was elaborated via methods numerical, more specific in programming code in the Python language, where it was possible to carry out simulations that aimed to monitor the stability of the wells, demonstrating the safest areas and calculating the stresses acting during drilling.

Det är svårt att låta bli att jämföra sig med andra och det är någonting jag själv och många andra kämpar med. Vi lever i en tid med konstant uppkoppling med omvärlden och möts ofta av olika normer som exempelvis kropps- eller utseendeideal. ”Som jag är” är en metodbok som är framtagen för att stärka ens självkänsla och utrusta med verktyg för att kunna se sig själv från ett positivt perspektiv. Fördelen med att jobba med sig själv inifrån är att det på sikt ändrar hur vi väljer att se på oss själva. Det som vi tidigare sett som annorlunda kan i stället lyftas som styrkor och någonting som gör oss unika. Glöm inte att du är perfekt precis som du är. / It’s hard not to compare yourself with others and that is something I and many others struggle with. We live in a time of constant connection with the outside world and we often encounter different standards such as body or beauty ideals. “As i am” is a method book that is designed to strengthen your self-esteem and provide tools to be able to see yourself from a positive perspective. The benefit of working with yourself from the inside is that it eventually changes the way we choose to see ourselves. What we previously saw as different can instead be lifted as strengths and something that makes us unique. Don’t forget that you are perfect exactly as you are.

It has become increasingly common to reconstruct the body with plastic surgery, but despite the increased scope of practice and a more liberal attitude to it, many who have undergone plastic surgery are branded as immoral and false. The purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of young women's driving forces to perform plastic surgery and whether plastic surgery is perceived to be normalized or stigmatized. Previous research shows that the progress of plastic surgery is based on technical and medical development but also on male expectations of the female ideal body. Plastic surgery contributes to the creation of an unattainable beauty ideal, and body dissatisfaction is one of the most common motives for wanting to perform plastic surgery. The empirical material for this study is based on qualitative interviews with young women who have undergone various types of beauty procedures. The study's theoretical framework consists of Anthony Giddens theory of modernity and the body as a reflexive project, the objectification theory of Barbara Fredrickson and Tomi-Ann Roberts, Pierre Bourdieu's theory of the construction of woman as a perceived being and Erving Goffman's concept of stigma. The results of the study show that the interviewees have undergone plastic surgery to meet the expectations of an attractive female appearance, at the same time the appearance should look natural as there is a stigma around plastic surgery. / Det har blivit allt vanligare att rekonstruera kroppen med hjälp av plastikkirurgiska ingrepp, men trots praktikens ökade omfattning och en mer liberal inställning till den blir många som har genomfört skönhetsingrepp stämplade som omoraliska och falska. Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för unga kvinnors drivkrafter till att genomföra skönhetsingrepp samt huruvida skönhetsingrepp upplevs vara normaliserat eller stigmatiserat. Tidigare forskning visar att plastikkirurgins framfart grundar sig i den tekniska och medicinska utvecklingen men också i manliga förväntningar på den kvinnliga idealkroppen. Skönhetsingrepp bidrar till skapandet av ett ouppnåeligt skönhetsideal och kroppsmissnöje är ett av det vanligaste motivet till att vilja genomföra plastikkirurgiska ingrepp. Det empiriska materialet för denna studie baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med unga kvinnor som har genomfört olika slags skönhetsingrepp. Studiens teoretiska ramverk består av Anthony Giddens teori om moderniteten och kroppen som reflexivt projekt, objektifieringsteorin av Barbara Fredrickson och Tomi-Ann Roberts, Pierre Bourdieus teori om konstruktionen av kvinnan som ett varseblivet vara och Erving Goffmans definition av begreppet stigma. Resultaten från studien visar att intervjupersonerna har genomfört skönhetsingrepp för att uppfylla förväntningarna på ett attraktivt kvinnligt utseende, samtidigt ska utseendet se naturligt ut då det finns ett stigma kring skönhetsingrepp.

Dans ce mémoire, nous nous pencherons sur le débat entre théorie idéale et théorie non idéale. Il s’agit d’un débat qui a déjà fait couler beaucoup d’encre et auquel s’ajoutent constamment de nouveaux auteurs. L’un des auteurs ayant retenu notre attention est Charles Mills. Nous pensons qu’il a apporté plusieurs contributions intéressantes aux débats méthodologiques entourant le rapport entre théorie idéale et théorie non idéale. Nous nous pencherons plus précisément sur les critiques de Mills en ce qui concerne la méthodologie élaborée par Rawls et sur leurs conséquences politiques. En mettant en relation les critiques de Mills, non seulement avec les idées de Rawls, mais aussi avec les débats contemporains, nous observerons comment ses critiques et ses propositions répondent à certaines problématiques observées lorsque nous tentons d’élaborer des politiques publiques à partir de la théorie idéale. / In this thesis we will examine the debate between ideal theory and non-ideal theory. This is a debate that has already been much discussed, but new authors are constantly adding new arguments and new approaches. One of the authors who caught our attention is Charles Mills. We believe that he has made several interesting contributions to debates surrounding the relationship between ideal and non-ideal theory and specifically on the methodological aspect. In this study, we will focus on Mills criticisms of the methodology developed by Rawls and the political consequences of these problems. By relating Mills criticism not only to Rawls ideas, but also to contemporary debates, we will observe how his criticisms and his propositions answer certain problems that we can observe when we try to think of concrete actions from the ideal theory.

Verifica e analisa o encadeamento ideológico utilizado por Homero para ordenar as mortes dos principais heróis gregos do ciclo épico; o ideal guerreiro da bela morte e o ideal heróico da glória imperecível; o destino do homem comum e o destino do herói; a vontade de Zeus e o plano de Zeus; a morte dos heróis; os jogos fúnebres, registrados na Ilíada e na Odisséia. Para a coleta dos dados utiliza-se de leitura sistemática, abrangendo textos de autores antigos e de autores contemporâneos, verificando o comportamento dos helenos do período Homérico diante da morte. Aponta como principais resultados: há um encadeamento ideológico que liga as mortes dos principais heróis homéricos, tecido pelo poeta e baseado no ciclo épico; há um plano de Zeus para eliminar os principais heróis porque as mortes destes heróis causam sofrimento nos deuses; as crenças na vida depois da morte e os processos funerários adotados pelos gregos do período Homérico ainda estavam em formação; os antigos gregos não mantinham uma crença sistemática em uma idéia de ressurreição da alma ou em uma idéia de vida pós-morte. Conclui que há uma diretriz ideológica que ordena a trama épica nos poemas homéricos; esta ordenação leva os heróis a cumprirem seus destinos, seguindo um encadeamento que leva em consideração o grau de honra e excelência guerreira; os ritos fúnebres dos gregos do período Homérico estavam se consolidando e Homero colaborou neste processo de consolidação, que já estava concretizado no período Clássico. / It verifies and analyzes the enchainment ideological used for Homer to order the death of Greek heroes principal of the epic cycle; the warrior ideal of the death beauty and the heroic ideal of the imperishable glory; the fate of the common man and the fate of the hero; the will of Zeus and the plain of Zeus; the death of heroes; the funeral games, registered in the Iliad and Odyssey. The data were obtained through: systematical reading of texts produced by ancients authors and by contemporarys authors, verifying the behavior of the Greeks of the Homeric period in the face of death. It points to as main results: there is a enchainment ideological what tie the deaths of the Homeric heroes principal, weaved for the poet and based in the epic cycle; there is a plain of Zeus to eliminate the heroes principal because the death these heroes cause suffering in the gods; the believe in the afterlife and the funerals processes adopted to the Greeks of Homeric period still were in formation; the Greek ancients not keep one systematic belief in one idea of resurrection of the soul or in one idea of life after-death. It finishes that there is a ideological directrix what order the epic plot in the Homeric poems; this ordering carry the heroes to accomplish their fates, following a enchainment what take into account the degree of the honor and warrior excellence; the funerals rites of the Greeks of Homeric period were consolidating and Homer collaborate in this process of the consolidation, what already was materialized in the Classic period.

Verifica e analisa o encadeamento ideológico utilizado por Homero para ordenar as mortes dos principais heróis gregos do ciclo épico; o ideal guerreiro da bela morte e o ideal heróico da glória imperecível; o destino do homem comum e o destino do herói; a vontade de Zeus e o plano de Zeus; a morte dos heróis; os jogos fúnebres, registrados na Ilíada e na Odisséia. Para a coleta dos dados utiliza-se de leitura sistemática, abrangendo textos de autores antigos e de autores contemporâneos, verificando o comportamento dos helenos do período Homérico diante da morte. Aponta como principais resultados: há um encadeamento ideológico que liga as mortes dos principais heróis homéricos, tecido pelo poeta e baseado no ciclo épico; há um plano de Zeus para eliminar os principais heróis porque as mortes destes heróis causam sofrimento nos deuses; as crenças na vida depois da morte e os processos funerários adotados pelos gregos do período Homérico ainda estavam em formação; os antigos gregos não mantinham uma crença sistemática em uma idéia de ressurreição da alma ou em uma idéia de vida pós-morte. Conclui que há uma diretriz ideológica que ordena a trama épica nos poemas homéricos; esta ordenação leva os heróis a cumprirem seus destinos, seguindo um encadeamento que leva em consideração o grau de honra e excelência guerreira; os ritos fúnebres dos gregos do período Homérico estavam se consolidando e Homero colaborou neste processo de consolidação, que já estava concretizado no período Clássico. / It verifies and analyzes the enchainment ideological used for Homer to order the death of Greek heroes principal of the epic cycle; the warrior ideal of the death beauty and the heroic ideal of the imperishable glory; the fate of the common man and the fate of the hero; the will of Zeus and the plain of Zeus; the death of heroes; the funeral games, registered in the Iliad and Odyssey. The data were obtained through: systematical reading of texts produced by ancients authors and by contemporarys authors, verifying the behavior of the Greeks of the Homeric period in the face of death. It points to as main results: there is a enchainment ideological what tie the deaths of the Homeric heroes principal, weaved for the poet and based in the epic cycle; there is a plain of Zeus to eliminate the heroes principal because the death these heroes cause suffering in the gods; the believe in the afterlife and the funerals processes adopted to the Greeks of Homeric period still were in formation; the Greek ancients not keep one systematic belief in one idea of resurrection of the soul or in one idea of life after-death. It finishes that there is a ideological directrix what order the epic plot in the Homeric poems; this ordering carry the heroes to accomplish their fates, following a enchainment what take into account the degree of the honor and warrior excellence; the funerals rites of the Greeks of Homeric period were consolidating and Homer collaborate in this process of the consolidation, what already was materialized in the Classic period.

<p>Vi har i detta arbete undersökt och analyserat hur den stereotypiske läraren representeras i de fyra svenska filmerna: <em>Hets</em> (1944), <em>Ole dole doff</em>, (1968), <em>Lust och fägring stor</em> (1995) och <em>Vikarien</em> (2006). Senare har vi genomfört en jämförande analys med hur den stereotypiske läraren representeras i tre fackliga tidskrifter ifrån samma tid: <em>Svensk Lärartidning</em>, <em>Svensk</em> <em>Skoltidning</em> och <em>Skolvärlden</em>. I vår jämförande analys fann vi stora likheter, exempelvis mellan diskursen om bristande resurser i skolan samt elevdemokrati. Vidare fann vi också skillnader, exempelvis presenterade en av filmerna en karaktär som tidsenligt inte stämde överens med hur den svenska skolan under den aktuella tiden såg på lärande, samt hur en lärare skall vara. Vår önskan är att lärare och lärarstudenter skall kunna använda denna analys för att ifrågasätta samt fundera kring sin egen lärarroll, och se likheter och skillnader i hur den idealiska läraren representeras dels inom filmens värld samt inom de fackliga tidskrifter som existerar inom skolvärlden.</p> / <p>We have in this study examined and analyzed how the stereotypical teacher is represented in the four Swedish movies: <em>Torment </em>(1944)<em>, Ole dole doff </em>(1968), <em>All Things Fair </em>(1995) and <em>The Substitute </em>(2006). Then a comparative analysis was made, of how the stereotypical teacher is presented in three union trade journals from the same period of time: <em>Svensk Lärartidning</em>, <em>Svensk Skoltidning </em>and <em>Skolvärlden</em>. We found large similarities in our comparative analysis. For example, the discussion regarding the lack of resources in school, and also student democracy was analyzed. We also found differences, for example one of the movies presented a character not contemporary with the Swedish school regarding the concept of learning and how a teacher should be like. Our aim with this study is that teachers and student teachers will use this analysis to question and pounder upon their own roles as teachers’, and to se similarities and differences in how the ideal teacher is represented in movies and in union trade journals connected to the school world.</p>