Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur journalisters yrkesidentitet förändrats i och med mediebranschens stora förändringar på grund av teknologins utveckling. Vidare vill vi öka förståelsen för hur organisationer kan stötta personalens identitetsarbete i samband med stora förändringar som påverkar yrkesidentiteten. Metod: En fallstudie som undersöker journalisters yrkesidentitet med en abduktiv ansats. Den empiriska datan är insamlad med hjälp av intervjuer. Slutsats: Studien har visat på att journalister har en tydlig yrkesidentitet som grundar sig på de journalistiska idealen och värden som etik och neutralitet. Det har även konstaterats att på grund av ny teknologi har yrkesrollen för journalister förändrats och därmed har yrkesidentiteten också delvis förändrats. Vi kan se att oberoende vilken bransch som står inför stora förändringar på grund av ny teknologi så behövs en förståelse från organisationer om hur yrkesidentiteten kan påverkas. / Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how journalist’s professional identity has changed because of the large changes of the media industry due to new technology. We also want to increase the understanding of how organizations can support their employees in identity work in connection to organizational changes that may impact the professional identity. Methodology: We have conducted a case study that investigates journalist’s professional identity with an abductive approach. The empirical data was collected using interviews. Conclusion: The study shows that journalists have a distinct professional identity based on journalistic ideals and values such as ethics and neutrality. It was also found that due to new technology the work role as journalists has changed and consequently the professional identity has also partly changed. We can see that regardless of which industry that is facing large changes due new technology, organizations need to understand how the professional identity can be impacted.

Ce mémoire de maitrise propose de faire une analyse féministe du concept de droit de la femme tel qu’il est conçu dans les théories des droits humains. Le paradigme libéral en théorie des droits humains sera critiqué parce qu’il contient des idéalisations inégalitaires. Cela mènera à aborder la question sous l’angle de droits humains spécifiques aux femmes. Cette investigation commencera par l’examen de la possibilité théorique de produire une théorie des droits de la femme plausible. L’importance de tenir compte des conditions non idéales du monde sera soulignée. Puis, une argumentation en faveur de droits socioéconomiques spécifiques sera faite. Enfin, cela mènera à une défense de l’approche des capabilités de Martha Nussbaum pour la protection des intérêts particuliers des femmes. / The purpose of this master thesis is to analyze the concept of women’s rights as human rights from a feminist perspective. The liberal paradigm of human rights theory will be criticised because it leads to idealizations that contribute to gender inequalities. We will address the issue by considering women’s rights as specific human rights. This inquiry will start with the possibility to produce a plausible theoretical account of women’s rights. In order to do this, non-ideal conditions will be emphasized. We will then defend social and economic rights as means to protect women’s interests. Lastly, we will favour Nussbaum’s capabilities approach as a theory able to protect the specific interests of women.

Ändamålet med den här studien har varit att undersöka kvinnors karriärmöjligheter och upplevelser av att arbeta på Polismyndigheten som är en mansdominerad organisation. I presentationen av studien har vi valt att redogöra empiri utifrån respondenternas egna perspektiv och sedan kopplat ihop framställningarna med teorier om organisations- och könsstrukturer som kan förklara Polismyndighetens hierarkier och arbetsfördelningar. Uppsatsen är gjord utifrån en kvalitativ ansats och det insamlade materialet är framställt utifrån intervjuer som vi har gjort med sex stycken kvinnor som arbetar på olika platser inom Polismyndigheten. Resultatet indikerar att kvinnornas upplevelser inom Polisen liknar varandra även då de befinner sig på olika avdelningar och hierarkiska nivåer. Kvinnornas upplevelser påvisar att det finns hinder och svårigheter för dem i organisationen. De är underrepresenterade och utgör inte är den ideala polisen som baseras på manlighet. De ska kunna verka och accepteras i organisationen på ett liknande sätt som sina manliga kollegor. Kvinnorna tar ofta ett större ansvar för familj som därmed påverkar deras karriärer och yrkesstatus. Resultatet i studien har kunnat styrka vår egen förförståelse och påvisat att manlighet är normen inom myndigheten. / The purpose of this study has been to investigate women's career opportunities and experiences of working at the police authority, which is a male-dominated organization. In the presentation of the study, we have chosen to describe empirical data from the respondents own perspective and then link the representations with theories of organizational and gender structures that can explain the police authorities' hierarchies and division of labor. The essay is based on a qualitative approach and the collected material is presented on the basis of interviews that we have done with six women who work in different places within the police authority. The result indicates that women's experiences within the Police are similar to each other even when they are at different departments and hierarchical levels. The women's experiences show that there are obstacles and difficulties for them in the organization. They are underrepresented and do not constitute the ideal police based on masculinity. They should be able to work and be accepted in the organization in a similar way to their male colleagues. The women often take a greater responsibility for the family, which thus affects their careers and professional status. The result of the study has been able to strengthen our own understanding and demonstrated that masculinity is the norm within the authority.

Det har länge varit känt att de kropps- och skönhetsideal som råder i samhället långt ifrån inkluderar alla typer av kroppar. Modebranschen har framförallt utmärkt sig på den här punkten, och det är väl känt att det allt som oftast är smala modeller som representeras i branschen. Vår valda problemformulering grundar sig i att normbrytande kroppar är underrepresenterande i samhället och i modebranschen. Vårt syfte med den här uppsatsen var att undersöka hur Veckorevyn förhåller sig till sitt manifest de kallar Size Hero. Det här manifestet grundar sig i en protest mot de rådande kropps- och skönhetsideal som råder i samhället. I samband med detta ska vi även analysera hur många normativa kontra normbrytande kroppar som totalt finns representerande i tidningen, och hur de framställs. Vi ämnar även att problematisera begreppet ”plus size”, dess användning och betydelse. Den valda metoden för vår analys grundar sig i flermetodsforskning, och valet av den här metoden gjordes då vi ville ha svar på hur underrepresenterade de är men även hur de framställs när dem väl gör det. Vårt material består av alla Veckorevyns utgivna tidningar under ett år. Vi har analyserat dessa med hjälp av en semiotisk bildanalys och genom en kvantitativ metod. Tillsammans med den semiotiska bildanalysen så har vi använt oss av Hansen och Machins bärare av denotationer och konnotationer för att analysera bilderna. Vårt resultat visade att Veckorevyn uppfyller sitt manifest men i det stora hela är de modeller med normbrytande kroppar fortfarande väldigt underrepresenterade. / It has been known for a long period of time that the body and beauty ideals in society do not include all types of bodies. The fashion industry is known to be exceptional good at excluding bigger bodytypes, and it is well known that it is slim models that is representing majority of it. Our chosen problem for this essay is based on the fact that norm-breaking bodies are underrepresented in society and in the fashion industry. Our purpose with this essay was to investigate how the fashion magazine Veckorevyn relates to their manifest, called Size Hero. This manifest is based on a protest against the prevailing body and beauty ideals that exists in society. We will also analyse how many normative vs. norm-breaking bodies there are as a total representation in the magazine, and how they are presented. We also intend to problematize the concept of the word "plus size", its use and meaning. The chosen method for our analysis is based on a multimethod research and the choice of this method was made because we wanted to have an answer to how underrepresented the norm-breaking bodies are and how they are being portrayed when so. Our material consists of all of Veckorevyn's published magazines for one year. We have analyzed them with the help of a semiotic image analysis and through a quantitative method. Together with the semiotic image analysis, we have used Hansen and Machin's bearers of denotations and connotations in order to analyze the images. Our result showed that Veckorevyn is fulfilling their manifest but on the whole the norm- breaking bodies were still very underrepresented.

Este trabalho investiga a concepção de História do filósofo setentrista italiano Giambattista Vico. Ele baseia-se na leitura da principal obra de Vico, Scienza Nuova (1744), assim como na leitura de três outros livros do autor: Autobiografia, Il Metodo Degli Studi Del Tempo Nostro e Dell Antichissima Sapienza Italica. Nosso objetivo é descobrir e descrever o que Vico chamou de Historia Ideal Eterna, uma concepção renovada da História Humana. / This work investigates the Eighteenth Century Italian philosopher Giambattista Vicos conception of History. It is based on a reading of Vicos main work Scienza Nuova (1744), supported by a reading of three other books from the author: Autobiografia, Il Metodo Degli Studi Del Tempo Nostro and Dell Antichissima Sapienza Italica. Our aim is to discover and also describe what Vico called Ideal Eternal History, a renewed conception of Human History.

Sei G eine p-adische analytische gruppe, welche die direkte Summe einer torsionfreien p-adische analytische gruppe H mit zerfallender halbeinfacher Liealgebra und einer n-dimensionalen abelschen p-adische analytische gruppe Z ist. In Kapitel 3 zeigen wir folgenden Satz: Sei M ein endlich erzeugter Torsionmodul über der Iwasawaalgebra von G, welcher keine nichtrivialen pseudo-null-Untermoduln besitzt. Dann ist q(M), das Bild von M in der Quotientenkategorie Q, genau dann volltreu, wenn M als Modul über der Iwasawaalgebra von Z torsionsfrei ist. Hierbei bezeichne Q den Serre-Quotienten der Kategorie der Moduln über der Iwasawaalgebra von G nach der Serre-Unterkategorie der pseudo-null-Moduln. In Kapitel 4 zeigen wir folgenden Satz: Es bezeichne T die Kategorie, deren Objekte die endlich erzeugten Modulen über der Iwasawaalgebra von G sind, welche auch als Moduln über der Iwasawaalgebra von H endlich erzeugt sind. Seien M, N zwei Objekte von T. Wir nehmen an, dass M, N keine nichttrivialen pseudo-null-Untermoduln besitzen und q(M) in Q volltreu ist. Dann gilt: Ist [M]=[N] in der Grothendieckgruppe von Q, so ist das Bild von N ebenfalls volltreu. In Kapitel 5 zeugen wir folgenden Satz: Sei G eine beliebige p-adische analytische Gruppe, welche keine Element der Ordung p besitzt. Dann sind die Grothendieckgruppen der Algebra stetiger Distributionen und der Algebra beschränkter Distributionen isomorph zu c Kopien des Rings der ganzen Zahlen, wobei c die Anzahl der p-regulären Konjugationsklassen des Quotienten von G nach einer offenen uniformen pro-p-Untergruppe H bezeichnet. / Let G be a compact p-adic analytic group with no element of order p such that it is the direct sum of a torsion free compact p-adic analytic group H whose Lie algebra is split semisimple and an abelian p-adic analytic group Z of dimension n. In chapter 3, we show that if M is a finitely generated torsion module over the Iwasawa algebra of G with no non-zero pseudo-null submodule, then the image q(M) of M via the quotient functor q is completely faithful if and only if M is torsion free over the Iwasawa algebra of Z. Here the quotient functor q is the unique functor from the category of modules over the Iwasawa algebra of G to the quotient category with respect to the Serre subcategory of pseudo-null modules. In chapter 4, we show the following: Let M, N be two finitely generated modules over the Iwasawa algebra of G such that they are objects of the category Q of those finitely generated modules over the Iwasaw algebra of G which are also finitely generated as modules over the Iwasawa algebra of H. Assume that q(M) is completely faithful and [M] =[N] in the Grothendieck group of Q. Then q(N) is also completely faithful. In chapter 6, we show that if G is any compact p-adic analytic group with no element of order p, then the Grothendieck groups of the algebras of continuous distributions and bounded distributions are isomorphic to c copies of the ring of integers where c denotes the number of p-regular conjugacy classes in the quotient group of G with an open normal uniform pro-p subgroup H of G.

[pt] Este trabalho, através de um percurso crítico das principais contribuições teóricas da psicanálise sobre a depressão, defende a importância de se delimitar a neurose depressiva, como uma das neuroses com que nos deparamos freqüentemente na clínica. O narcisismo é um conceito crucial neste quadro, e é considerado aqui como uma estrutura permanente. Nesta perspectiva é a tensão entre o ideal do eu e o eu que desbalanceada vai provocar uma quebra narcísica,abrindo as portas para o acosso da pulsão de morte, que invade o eu que é engolfado pela depressão. Valoriza-se também a recusa à perda (Verleugnung) como um operador essencial da depressão, uma vez que uma corrente do psquismo aceita a perda, mas outra, inconsciente, a recusa. Discute-se a idéia de que, diante de uma perda significativa, dois destinos são possíveis: a elaboração do luto ou a melancolia e, defende-se que são vários os destinos possíveis de um luto, incluindo-se as neuroses de angústia, depressões e compulsões. Uma vez que a depressão ocupa, em termos de incidência, o lugar que a histeria ocupava na época de Freud, considera- se os laços dessa patologia com as modificações da organização social características da atualidade e, para justificar que acontecimentos recentes dolorosos provocam parcialmente a neurose depressiva, recorre-se à teoria sobre o trauma, concebendo-o como o que provoca uma injúria narcísica capaz de causar um desinvestimento no eu. / [en] The objective of this thesis is to provide a systematic study of the depressive neuroses by reviewing and evaluating the main theoretical psychoanalytic contributions on this subject. Narcissism is a crucial concept, and is considered here as a permanent structure. In this perspective it is the increased tension between the ego ideal and the ego that provokes a narcissistic break, and as a consequence of this, the death impulse invades the ego, which succumbs to depression. The concept of denial (Verleugnung) is considered as an essential operator for depression, for one psychic current accepts the loss but the other, unconscious, disavowels it. Facing the argument that when there is a significant loss, two outcomes are possible: the elaboration of mourning or the melancholy, we defend instead,that several outcomes are possible after a loss, including the neuroses of anguish, depressions and compulsions. Today depression occupies the place that hysteria occupied at the time of Freud, so the links between depression and the modern social changes are studied. To prove that recent painful events can also provoke, at least partially, a depressive neurosis, the theory of trauma is evoked. A major concept discussed is the capability of trauma to establish a narcissistic wound that causes a discontinuity in the ego.

Da John Locke wiederholt betont, dass seine Theorie von materiellen Körpern, vorgebracht im Essay concerning Human Understanding (1690), eine genuin philosophische Darstellung von Körpern sei, summiert sich das Thema seiner Ausführungen zu einer philosophischen Reflektion der sogenannten wissenschaftlichen Revolution im siebzehnten Jahrhundert auf. In dieser Arbeit werde ich eine Interpretationslinie entwickeln, welche zu bestimmen versucht, worin das genuin philosophische Anliegen von Lockes Analyse von Körpern besteht. Sie führt zu einer umfassenden Neubetrachtung von Lockes Ausführungen, da Unterschiede zu anderen Interpretationen gerade bei den zentralen Fragestellungen und der ihnen entsprechenden Begriffen bestehen, namentlich von: dem Substratum von Körpern, primären und sekundären Qualitäten, Ähnlichkeit, der Rolle der Korpuskulartheorie, Archetypen, realen und nominalen Essenzen, dem Argument zu Spezien und Klassifikation, die Bedeutung von Lockes Sprachanalyse, dem Wissensbegriff, dem Ideal wissenschaftlichem Verstehens und der Bestimmung der Reichweite zeitgenössischen Wissens. Es wird argumentiert, dass er bewusst zeitgenössisches Wissen von Körpern in der Perspektive eines idealen, wissenschaftlichen Verstehens von ihnen bestimmt und dass er so einen philosophischen Rahmen für die Naturwissenschaften entwirft, der: (1) spezifiziert, worin eine Wissenschaft von Körpern idealerweise besteht, (2) zeitgenössisches Wissen in dieser Perspektive bestimmt, (3) eine eigene Konzeption für eine zeitgenössische Wissenschaft beinhaltet, welche Mittel zur Verfügung stellt, dieses Wissen zu erweitern und (4) alternative Ideen von einer Wissenschaft von Körpern zurückweist. / Since John Locke repeatedly insists that his theory of bodies, endorsed in the Essay concerning Human Understanding (1690), is a genuinely philosophical assessment of bodies, the topic of his account adds up to a philosophical reflection on the so-called scientific revolution in the seventeenth century. In this work, I will develop a line of interpretation that undertakes to settle the issue what the genuinely philosophical issue of Locke's analysis of bodies consists in. This leads to a thorough re-examination of Locke's account, since the differences to other interpretations concern most prominent issues on bodies and, correspondingly, many of their crucial concepts: the substratum of bodies, primary and secondary qualities, resemblance, the role of corpuscularian theory, archetypes, real and nominal essences, the argument on species and classification, the significance of the analysis of language, the concept of knowledge, the ideal of scientific understanding, and the account of the scope of contemporary knowledge. As will be argued, Locke consciously assesses contemporary knowledge in the perspective of an ideal scientific grasp of bodies and thus unfolds a philosophical framework for natural science which: (1) specifies what a science of bodies ideally consists in, (2) assesses contemporary knowledge in this perspective, (3) advances an own conception of a contemporary science of bodies that proposes means to enhance contemporary knowledge, and (4) refutes alternative ideas of a science of bodies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:22:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manoel Rivelino de Araujo.pdf: 4890551 bytes, checksum: e3c3cc009551cdad52f0f132a4608758 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-18 / Our study started with predictions of the evolutionary psychology, along with the theory of market value, to study how men and women choose their partners. According to this approach, the way we choose our reproductive partners is based on the different selective pressures our ancestors had to face during the evolutionary process of natural and sexual selection, as well as on the view that each one of us represent products in a market of desirable attributes that are more or less available in different potential partners. Our sample was composed of students from the two largest Universities in Goiânia, with a total of 422 subject, most of them having 18-25 years of age. Each subject answered a questionnaire about his/her own characteristics (sex, age, financial situation, etc) and to questions about how important are 10 characteristics of a potential partner in two situations: ideal partner (no restrictions of points), and with a restriction of points (lesser power of choice). The results were consistent with those presented in previous studies, where beauty was more valued by male subjects, and characteristics linked to a good provider by female subjects. These characteristics also gained value for long term relationships when the subject had less power to choose (budget restriction). / Nosso estudo levou em consideração previsões da psicologia evolucionista, associada com a teoria de valor de mercado, para estudar como homens e mulheres escolhem seus parceiros. De acordo com esta abordagem nossa forma de escolher parceiros está embasada nas diferentes pressões que nossos antepassados sofreram durante o processo de seleção natural e sexual, como também pela visão que cada um de nós representamos produtos de troca e associação, no mercado de atributos disponíveis e desejáveis de potenciais parceiro. Testamos hipóteses já estudadas em outras culturas, como também em Goiânia-GO, onde já havia sido realizado outro estudo semelhante, porém estudamos também o efeito da restrição orçamentária (pouco poder de escolha) na forma com que homens e mulheres valorizam diferentes características de seus parceiros. Nossa amostra foi composta por universitários das duas maiores instituições de ensino superior de Goiânia, com um total de 422 sujeitos, a maioria na faixa etária de 18-25 anos. Cada sujeito respondeu um questionário sobre suas características (sexo, idade, poder aquisitivo, etc), além de perguntas sobre o grau de importância de 10 características de um possível parceiro em duas situações: parceiro ideal (sem restrição de pontos), e com restrição de pontos (pouco poder de escolha). Os resultados foram consistentes com estudos anteriores, onde as características corpo bonito e rosto bonito sobressaíram para o gênero masculino, e o padrão de bom provedor sobressaiu para o padrão feminino. Estas características também tiveram um acréscimo como atributos valorizados para relacionamento em longo prazo quando o poder de escolha era menor (restrição de pontos).

O Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) é uma das instituições mais importantes do país, e tem recebido cada vez mais atenção da sociedade brasileira. Ano a ano, a corte é acionada para julgar dezenas de milhares de casos, muitos deles com impacto direto na vida econômica, política e social do país. Investigar quais são os fatores que influenciam o comportamento dos ministros do STF é fundamental para compreendermos o processo de tomada de decisões do Tribunal. Apesar de existirem estudos importantes sobre o resultado das ações de controle de constitucionalidade, ainda existe espaço para estudar o comportamento individual dos ministros. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar o comportamento individual dos ministros do STF, utilizando-se as votações dos ministros frente às ações de controle de constitucionalidade que foram decididas de forma colegiada. A proposta de trabalho é verificar como os ministros se agrupam e quais fatores influenciam sua divisão. Para isso, propomos a utilização do método de estimação de pontos ideias. Nossa hipótese primária de trabalho é que existe uma influência da indicação presidencial no comportamento dos ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Dessa forma, haveria uma divisão da Corte entre os ministros nomeados por diferentes partidos. A hipótese secundária seria que as trajetórias profissionais dos ministros também influenciam em sua forma de decidir, sendo possível, portanto, identificar divisões entre os ministros a partir desta variável. Os resultados do presente trabalho indicam que variáveis associadas aos modelos atitudinais do comportamento judicial, partidos dos presidentes que indicaram os ministros, ideologia e filosofia judicial dos ministros, são variáveis mais relevantes para explicar as agrupamentos e dissensos no STF do que as que dizem respeito as trajetórias profissionais dos juízes. / The Supremo Tribunal Federal - STF (Federal Supreme Court) is one of the most relevant institutions in Brazil, and it has increasingly gained attention from Brazilian society. Year after year, the Court is demanded to rule thousands of cases, a lot of them with direct impact in the countrys economic political and social life. To investigate which factors influence the Justices behavior is paramount to understand the decision-making process of the Court. The goal of this work is to analyze the Justices individual behavior, by looking at the Justices individual vote in Constitutional Review cases that were decided in collegiate manner. This dissertation verifies how the Justices cluster themselves and which factors influence their division. For that, we employ the ideal point estimation method. Our primary hypothesis states that the presidential nomination exerts influence in the Justices behavior. In this way, it would be possible to identify a division in the Court among Justices nominated by different parties. Our secondary hypothesis states that the Justices professional background also exerts influence in how they decide, therefore making possible to identify divisions among Justices by taking this variable as a dividing line. The results of the present work indicate that the variables associated with the attitudinal models of judicial behavior, presidential party responsible for Justice nomination, ideology and Justices judicial philosophy are more relevant variables to explain the clusters and dissensus in STF than variables linked to magistrates professional background.