La région de Huelva se démarque par la grande variabilité architecturale et par la singularité des monuments mégalithiques. L’étude de la région permet d'établir une séquence architecturale et une temporalité du Néolithique Récent jusqu’à l'Ancien Âge de Bronze. Pour cela, la recherche se concentre sur l'étude de trois domaines de monuments: l'architecture, la construction et les usages (funéraires, rituels et territoriaux). L'identification et la caractérisation des projets architecturaux des sites analysés (Los Llanetes et El Seminario) a été réalisée à travers une méthodologie orientée vers la connaissance des chantiers de construction, des architectures et des diachronies. La séquence architecturale de l'Andalousie occidentale comprend une temporalité du début du IVème au début du IIème millénaire av. n.è. Au cours de cette chronologie, plusieurs modèles de monuments et de rituels funéraires ont été érigés avec une variété de techniques constructives, représentant l'existence de styles régionaux ou de spécialisations locales selon les différents groupes sociaux. A titre de synthèse, la séquence régionale met en évidence le processus suivant : La construction des premiers dolmens au début du IVème millénaire cal. av. n.è, en témoignent les monuments à chambre ovale-allongée de Los Llanetes, bâtis le c. 3950-3750 cal av. n.è. Dans le sud de la péninsule, c. 3800 cal av. n., fait irruption le collectivisme funéraire comme un rituel de la mort, en développant des sépultures en dolmens à chambres simples, des tombes proto-mégalithiques, des caves-nécropoles ou des grottes sépulcrales ; La formation des dolmens à chambre-allongée, c. 3750-3650 cal av. n.è, de deux manières: a) des modèles ex novo; b) par des réaménagements et des transformations de monuments anciens, cas de Los Llanetes. La réitération de projets architecturaux similaires conditionnerait le développement de monuments allongés, comme l'a confirmé le dolmen 4 d'El Pozuelo, c. 3650-3200 cal av. n.è. Des caractéristiques et des formules architecturales similaires pourraient être présentées dans les «allées couvertes» d'Andalousie, construites pendant les siècles centraux et la seconde moitié du IVème millénaire av. n.è. ; Les dolmens à chambres doubles de Los Llanetes ont été construits sur les monuments précédents, c. 3650-3200 cal av. n.è, parallèle aux dolmens à couloir et aux structures allongées des autres zones. Les monuments à chambres multiples (El Pozuelo, Mesa de Las Huecas, Los Gabrieles, etc.) ont dû présenter des processus de transformation équivalents, étant des modèles uniques, particuliers et exclusifs de la région de Huelva et des zones environnantes ; Dans les différents monuments dolmeniques, des projets de monumentalisation ont été réalisés et des structures ont été aménagées dans les atriums et les espaces extérieurs selon les nouveaux usages rituels de l’Âge du Cuivre, c. 3300-2600 cal av. n.è, en plus de l'intégration d'autres constructions funéraires (tholoi) dans les monuments tumulaires, c. 2600-2250 cal av. n.è, cas du dolmen 2 de Los Llanetes ; La mise en place et la consolidation de trois modèles de monuments funéraires à l'Âge du Cuivre: les hypogées, les hypogées mixtes et les tholoi, comme en montré la séquence diachronique des sépultures collectives d'El Seminario, c. 3000-2400 cal av. n.è. Ces tombes partagent des éléments spatiaux et des gestes funéraires communs ; L'existence d'autres formes de monumentalité de l'Âge du Bronze Ancien, c. 2250-1950 cal av. n.è, à la suite de la réappropriation des espaces ancestraux: 1) les enceintes de terrasses du groupe de Los Llanetes; 2) le monumentalisme funéraire du Séminaire, intégrant des tombes individuelles (caves souterraines, fosses et structures à couverture tumulaire) et des tombes collectives (fosses) dans les sépultures chalcolithiques ; Réutilisation dans diverses phases de l'Âge du Bronze et dans plusieurs périodes historiques. / The area of Huelva stands out for the architectural variability and singularity of the megalithic monuments. The study of this area allows us to propose an architectural sequence and a temporality from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age in western Andalusia, contrasting with the southern models of the Iberian Peninsula and contextualizing the dynamics of western European megalithism. To do this, the research focuses on the study of three spheres of monuments: architecture, construction and uses (funerary, ritual and territorial). The identification and characterization of the architectural projects of the analyzed sites (Los Llanetes and El Seminario) has been carried out through a methodology oriented to the knowledge of construction works, architectures and diachronies. The architectural sequence of western Andalusia encompasses a temporality from the beginning of the 4th millennium to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. During this chronology several models of funerary monuments and rituals erected with a variety of constructive techniques, representing the existence of regional styles or local specializations according to the different social groups. By way of synthesis, the regional sequence evidences the following process : The construction of the first dolmens at the beginning of the 4th millennium cal BC, as evidenced by the oval-elongated chamber monuments of Los Llanetes, built c. 3950-3750 cal BC. In the south of the peninsula c. 3800 cal BC burst the funerary collectivism as a ritual of death, developing burials in simple chamber dolmens, proto-megalithic tombs, necropolis-caves or sepulchral caves ; The formation of the elongated-chamber dolmens, c. 3750-3650 cal BC, through two ways: a) ex novo models; b) by processes of transformation of old monuments, case of Los Llanetes. The reiteration of similar architectural projects would condition the development of elongated monuments, as has been confirmed in the dolmen 4 of El Pozuelo, c. 3650-3200 cal BC. Characteristics and similar architectural formulas could be presented in the "covered gallery graves" of Andalusia, built during the central centuries and the second half of the 4th millennium BC ; The dual chamber dolmens of Los Llanetes were built on the previous monuments, c. 3650-3200 cal BC, parallel to the passage grave and elongated structures of other areas. The monuments of multiple chambers (El Pozuelo, Mesa de Las Huecas, Los Gabrieles, etc.) had to present equivalent transformation processes, being unique, particular and exclusive models of the area of Huelva and surrounding areas ; In the various orthostatic monuments were carry out the monumentalization projects and structures arranged in the atriums and external spaces according to the new ritual uses of the Copper Age, c. 3300-2600 cal BC, in addition to the integration of other funerary constructions (tholoi) in the tumular monuments, c. 2600-2250 cal BC, case of the dolmen 2 of Los Llanetes ; The implantation and consolidation of three models of funerary monuments in the Copper Age: hypogeums, mixed hypogeums and tholoi, as witnessed by the diachronic sequence of the collective graves of El Seminario, c. 3000-2400 cal BC. These tombs share common space elements and funerary practices ; The existence of other forms of monumentality of the Ancient Bronze Age, c. 2250-1950 cal BC, as a consequence of the reappropriation of the ancestral spaces: 1) the terrace enclosures of the Llanetes group; 2) the funerary monumentalism of El Seminario, integrating individual tombs (subterranean caves, pits and structures with tumular coverings) and collective graves (pits) in the chalcolithic tombs ; Reuse in various phases of the Bronze Age and in several historical periods.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é buscar as imagens da mulher nas cantigas de escárnio e maldizer galego-portuguesas. Para caracterizar o ambiente de produção dessa poesia, usaremos como contraponto às fontes literárias uma documentação de caráter mais objetivo e descritivo: compilações legais peninsulares, As Sete Partidas, de Leão e Castela, e o Livro das Leis e Posturas e as Ordenações Afonsinas, de Portugal, numa tentativa de compreender os problemas concretos relativos ao papel social da mulher no âmbito do casamento e da herança que ensejaram a composição das cantigas satíricas. Por meio dos comentários feitos pelos trovadores, dirigidos a mulheres ou a homens a elas relacionados, buscaremos compreender os juízos de valor que norteiam sua visão dos vícios e das virtudes da figura feminina e, assim, identificar facetas da mulher que, vistas à luz do momento histórico-literário que procuramos caracterizar, perfarão nosso objetivo de descrever a figura da mulher que nos foi legada por meio das cantigas satíricas ibéricas medievais. / The goal of this research is to find womens images in the Galician-Portuguese cantigas de escárnio e maldizer. In order to characterize the ambience of production of this kind of poetry, it will be used as counterpoint to the literary fonts a more objective and descriptive documentation: the peninsular legal compilations, As Sete Partidas, from Leon and Castille, and the Livro das Leis e Posturas and the Ordenações Afonsinas, from Portugal, as an attempt to understand concrete problems related to womens social part as it is pertinent to marriage and inheritance, which instigated the writing of the satirical ballads. By means of the comments made by the troubadours, about women or men related to them, we shall seek comprehension of the value-judgments which guide their vision of the vices and virtues of the feminine figure and, thus, identify the woman facets that, seen in light of the historical-literary moment characterized, will make our objective to describe the womens images bequeath to us by the Iberian medieval satiric ballads.

A proposta deste trabalho tem por objetivo a análise da trilogia das crônicas de Fernão Lopes (1380? 1460), a saber: a Crônica de D. Pedro I, a Crônica de D. Fernando e a Crônica de D. João I para se compreender a construção das imagens relacionadas ao exercício do poder régio delineadas por este cronista. Para além de registrar e ordenar a história do seu reino, Fernão Lopes tem como projeto a recuperação da memória da dinastia Avisina. A leitura da trilogia lopeana revela os caminhos que o cronista escolhe para reforçar a criação desta dinastia modelo, que servirá de espelho para a sua contemporaneidade e para as gerações futuras. Entendemos também que as representações do estado de Rey de cada monarca biografado presentes nestas narrativas são medidas essenciais para a revelação de como o cronista percebe formas e modos diferentes de se governar o reino. Estas prerrogativas ou a ausência delas faz com que o poder régio possa ser justificado e legitimado na prosa do cronista. Pretendemos aqui fazer a análise das três crônicas em conjunto, reconhecendo a importância de cada uma delas enquanto uma contribuição à construção da perspectiva evolutiva pretendida pelo cronista, a fim de se identificar a carga da intencionalidade no discurso lopeano, que é construído com base em símbolos e imagens do poder em cada capítulo de suas crônicas. / This work aims at analyzing the Lopes trilogy of chronicles (1380? - 1460), namely the Chronicle of D. Pedro I, the Chronicle of D. Fernando and the Chronicle of D. João I, in order to understand the construction of images related to the exercise of royal power outlined by this chronicler. In addition to recording and organizing the history of his kingdom, Fernão Lopess project is to recover the memory of the Avis dynasty. The reading of the Lopes trilogy reveals the ways in which the chronicler chooses to enhance the creation of this model of dynasty, which serves as a mirror to his contemporary and future generations. We also understand that the representations of the \"state of king\" of each monarch presented in these narratives are essential to reveal how the chronicler perceives the different forms and ways of ruling the kingdom. These requirements or the lack of them justify and legitimize the royal power within the chroniclers prose. In this work, we propose to analyze the profiles of the three kings as built by the medieval chronicler Fernão Lopes in his three chronicles. We intend to analyze these chronicles as a whole, recognizing the meaning of each one as a contribution to the construction of the diachronic perspective in the chroniclers speech. In that way we attempt to identify the charge of intention in Lopess speech, which is built on images and symbols of power in each chapter of his chronicles.

A presente pesquisa reflete sobre o exílio de letrados portugueses coetâneos durante o espaço temporal que a historiografia convencionou chamar de União das Coroas Ibéricas (1580-1640). Para isso, analisam-se as obras de D. João de Castro (Lisboa, Portugal 1550? - Paris, França 1628?), intitulada Aurora (1604-1605), e de Thomé Pinheiro da Veiga (Coimbra, Portugal 1571? - ?, 1656?), chamada Fastigimia (1604-1605), no intuito de apreender o impacto das experiências vividas por cada um deles nas cidades de Paris, na França, e Valadolide, na Espanha, respectivamente. O estudo se pauta no cotejamento das fontes com as tópicas criadas, na Antiguidade, pelo poeta Ovídio (Sulmo/Sulmona, na atual Itália 43 a.C. - Tomis/Constança, na atual Romênia, 17 ou 18 d.C.). Estabelecendo continuidade com a tradição humanista lusitana, mostra-se como D. João de Castro se valeu da funcionalização da memória por meio de figuras míticas ou históricas, da caracterização disfórica da vida no estrangeiro, e, por fim, da constante oscilação entre esperança e desalento. Thomé Pinheiro da Veiga, por sua vez, manejou, em termos literários, a consciência do tempo e do espaço. Diante deste quadro, conclui-se que o exílio de Castro constituiu uma penitência escatológica de caráter individual e coletivo, enquanto o experienciado por Veiga se pautou por sistemáticas comparações entre dois reinos da Península Ibérica. / This current study thinks over the portuguese scholars exiled during the time period called by historiography as the Union of Iberian Crowns (1580-1640). For this purpose we will examine two literary works: D. João de Castro\'s (Lisbon, Portugal 1550? - Paris, France 1628?) Aurora (1604-1605), and Thomé Pinheiro da Veiga\'s (Coimbra, Portugal 1570 - ? 1656) Fastigimia (1608-1609?), to learn about their experiences, lived by each one, in Paris, France, and Valladolid, Spain, respectively. The study is ruled in contrasting this texts against the themes set up in Classical Antiquity, by roman poet Ovid (Sulmo/Sulmona, nowdays Italy 43 BC - Tomis/Constanta, nowdays Romania, 17/18 AD). Stating continuity with portuguese renaissance humanism tradition, D. João de Castro seems like to resort the Ovidian topics about implementing the memory through mithologycal or historical characters, through marking a twisted foreign life, and, a steady oscillation between hope and discincentive. Thomé Pinheiro da Veiga, by himself, handled, in litteraly terms, a strict awareness about time and space. Keeping this in mind, we can conclude that Castro\'s exile build an eschatological penance with individual and collective nature, while Veiga\'s stands by a methodical comparison amog the two kingdons of Iberian Peninsula.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-10T20:16:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 juliadiasmoller.pdf: 5825015 bytes, checksum: 44b44f67316d2a6c9e16d5dae8d34bd4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-11T13:27:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 juliadiasmoller.pdf: 5825015 bytes, checksum: 44b44f67316d2a6c9e16d5dae8d34bd4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-11T13:27:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 juliadiasmoller.pdf: 5825015 bytes, checksum: 44b44f67316d2a6c9e16d5dae8d34bd4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / A construção da figura humana na arte apresenta uma relação não apenas com a representação do humano, mas com um conjunto de ideias e pensamentos que envolvem crenças religiosas, aspecto moral de como o ser humano se vê e se posiciona diante do mundo e também possui relações com a estética e com o estilo artístico de cada período histórico. Em 1615 foi publicado em Portugal o primeiro tratado sobre pintura. Arte da Pintura Symmetria, e Perspectiva foi escrito pelo dominicano Filippe Nunes. Neste período a Europa passava por uma crise em relação às reformas religiosas e Portugal fazia parte do reino da Espanha com a União Ibérica. O mundo lusitano fazia eco aos valores tridentinos, reforçados pelos clérigos. Toda a publicação impressa passava por um rigoroso sistema de censura. O Arte da Pintura apresenta um pequeno volume de informações que são divididas em seções. Há em Arte da Pintura uma seção inteiramente dedicada à divisão e medidas do corpo humano, onde Nunes cita a teoria de quatro importantes tratadistas – Albrecht Dürer, Juan de Arfe, Daniele Barbaro e Vitrúvio. Diante disso, a pesquisa se debruça a entender o papel que a figura humana desempenha no tratado e como ela é construída. Para tal entendimento, percorrem-se alguns caminhos como a análise do tratado, sua inserção no mundo Ibérico e seus possíveis frutos. Busca-se apurar a erudição de seu autor, suas fontes e o ambiente no qual estava imerso. E, por fim, busca-se compreender a ideia da construção da figura humana e seus ecos dentro do Arte da Pintura. / The construction of the human figure in art presents a relation not only with the human’s representation but with a set of ideas e thoughts that involves religious beliefs, moral aspect of how the human being see and position itself in front of the world and also has relations with the aesthetics and the artistic style of each historical period. In 1615 it was published in Portugal the first treaty about painting. Arte da Pintura Symmetria, e Perspectiva was written by the Dominican Filippe Nunes. In this period Europe was living a crisis in relation to the religious reforms and Portugal was part the Spanish Kingdom with the Iberian Union. The Lusitanian world echoes to the tridentine values reinforced by clerics. Every printed publication was submitted to a rigorous censorship system. The Arte da Pintura presents a small volume of information that are divided in sections. There is, in the Arte da Pintura, a whole section dedicated to the division and measurements of the human body, where Nunes quotes the theory of four important writers – Albrecht Dürer, Juan de Arfe, Daniele Barbaro and Vitruvio. In front of this, the research leans over in understanding the role that the human figure performs in the treaty and how it is constructed. For such an understanding, we go through some paths such as the treaty analysis, its insertion in the Iberian world and its possible effects. We seek to discover the erudition of its author, his sources and the environment in which he was immerse. And finally we seek to understand the idea of the construction of human figure and its echoes inside Arte da Pintura.

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-01-27T19:47:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paiva, Daniela-Dissert-2013.pdf: 2241884 bytes, checksum: 274852ee42d0ab777406c1f2b1ae2986 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-27T19:47:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paiva, Daniela-Dissert-2013.pdf: 2241884 bytes, checksum: 274852ee42d0ab777406c1f2b1ae2986 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Portugueses ou estrangeiros, os autores que dedicaram os seus escritos à cidade de Lisboa foram muitos. Sendo que, os escritos se tornaram mais expressivos durante a União Ibérica. O incentivo que os Filipes ofereceram às atividades de impressão e o desenvolvimento da história urbana em toda Europa ajudam a compreender melhor essa produção, que ainda pode ser explicada pela própria condição de Lisboa na época. Quando Portugal foi incorporado à monarquia católica, os reis Filipes optaram por não residir em sua principal cidade. Desta sorte, a antiga residência dos Avís perdeu seu status de corte régia e aos poucos se viu transformar em uma simples capital de província. A historiografia identificou a ausência real como tônica para se compreender o período. A proposta da pesquisa de dissertação é avaliar em que medida a retórica de uma Lisboa sem Rei está presente nas representações feitas sobre a cidade, em especial as descrições que tiveram maior repercussão na época. E também identificar outros elementos que compõem o seu imaginário, como as adversidades vivenciadas pela urbe, guerras, epidemias e crises de abastecimento, que marcaram o cotidiano dos citadinos e merecem projeção historiográfica. / Portuguese or foreign, the authors who have dedicated their writings to Lisbon were many. And these writings became more expressive during the Iberian Union. The incentive offered to the Phillips activities and development urban history throughout Europe to help better understand this production, which can still be explained by the condition of Lisbon at the time. When Portugal was incorporated into the catholic monarchy, the kings Phillips opted not reside in its main city. Thus, the ancient residence of Avis lost her royal status cutoff saw and slowly transform into a simple provincial capital. The historiography identified the absence as tonic for understanding the period. The proposed dissertation research is to assess the extent to which the rethoric of a Lisbon without king is present in the representations made about the city, especially the descriptions that had the greatest impact at the time. And also identify other elements that make up your imagination, as the adversities experienced by the metropolis, war, epidemics and supply crises that marked the daily lives and deserve historiographical projection.

Les marées internes sont des processus dynamiques très répandus observés de façon intense près des marges continentales. Leur signature sur la surface libre de la mer est souvent observée sur les images satellites, montrant des systèmes d'ondes complexes au dessus des marges continentales irrégulières tels que la marge Ouest-Ibérique. Leur génération et leur distribution spatiale sont l'objet du présent travail, qui explore les processus physiques derrière la génération et la propagation de ces modes baroclines, au-dessus de canyons sous-marins et de promontoires, représentatifs des structures observées sur le talus Ouest-Ibérique. La solution de marée super inertielle est étudiée par le biais de simulations numériques, utilisant des configurations de topographie, soit réalistes soit idéalisée, en océan homogène ou stratifié (configuration bi couches et stratification continue). Les bassins océaniques sont dotés de talus et plateaux continentaux de faible profondeur qui détournent la propagation des marées océaniques de leur cours naturel. Les ondes de marée côtières sont ensuite réfléchies et/ou piégées sous différents modes possibles, fonction de la latitude, de la fréquence de forçage, du relief topographique et de la stratification de la colonne d'eau. Différents accidents topographiques, tels que les canyons sous-marins, les vallées, les promontoires et les bosses peuvent façonner des marges continentales afin de créer des pentes abruptes tangentielles au talus, qui deviennent effectivement des sites de production des marées internes. L'origine des marées internes se situe dans les forces d'attraction astronomiques, mais la répartition spatiale des solutions le long des marges continentales est distincte à travers le monde. La diversité du relief topographique module de façon spécifique les solutions de courant de marée barotropes, dont l'énergie est ensuite dissipée dans les modes baroclines en de nombreux endroits accidentés et à différents instants par rapport à la phase de marée.A mi-latitude, la force d'inertie terrestre divise le spectre de marée en ondes diurnes sub-inertielles et ondes semi-diurnes super-inertielles, donnant lieu à des ajustements en différents types de modes. La modélisation réaliste de la marée barotrope le long de la marge ouest-Ibérique vérifie cette différence de comportement et devient le point de départ de la présente thèse. Alors que les composantes diurnes génèrent des modes d'ondes continentales piégées le long du littoral, les harmoniques semi-diurnes montrent des structures de courants complexes, corrélées spatialement aux canyons sous-marins locaux et aux promontoires (pour lesquels on modélise une accroissement de l'amplitude du courant de marée associé à une inversion du sens de rotation).Ces distorsions super-inertielles des ondes de marée sont analysées et interprétées en utilisant des configurations de bathymétrie idéalisées. Les configurations canyon sous-marin et promontoires sont considérées comme des anomalies (sinusoïdale de signe opposé) de la largeur du plateau continental, situées au milieu du domaine modélisé. L'onde de marée monocromatic super-inertielle forcée aux limites, tient compte de l'hypothèse d'un plateau uniforme dans la direction tangentielle. Les résultats obtenus révèlent une distorsion importante du flux de marée qui peut être interprétée par la dynamique de la vorticité du fluide dans le cadre du principe de conservation du moment angulaire. / Oceanic internal tides are ubiquitous dynamic features, densely observed near continental margins. Their sea-surface signature is frequently printed in remote sensing images, showing complex wave patterns over irregular shelves such as the West-Iberian margin. Their origin and spatial distribution is the subject of the present work, which explores the physics behind the generation and propagation of these baroclinic modes, over submarine canyon and promontory shelf features. It focuses on the study of the super-inertial tide solution by the use of numerical model simulations of realistic and idealized topography configurations, under homogeneous, two-layers and continuous stratified water columns. The ocean basins are flanked by shallow water continental margins that divert ocean tides from their natural course. Coastal tide waves are then reflected and/or trapped in several possible wave modes, function of the latitude, forcing frequency, topographic relief and water column stratification. Different shelf features, such as submarine canyons, valleys, promontories and bumps can shape continental margins to create abrupt along-shelf slopes that become effective internal tide generation sites.

Cette étude vise à analyser la place occupée par les moines et les monastères, d’un double point de vue pratique et idéologique, dans la société hispanique du haut Moyen Âge, à l’exclusion de la Catalogne et d’al-Andalus. Les fonctions remplies par les monastères sont, pour une part, traditionnelles et conformes à celles qu’ils exercent à la même époque dans d’autres régions de l’Occident chrétien. Le développement du monachisme – c’est-à-dire la fondation de monastères, leur enrichissement par donation et leur capacité à se nourrir de nouvelles recrues – s’explique par la croyance en la doctrine du salut, qui incite chacun à œuvrer pour sa rédemption et celle de ses proches. Mais la profusion de monastères dans la chrétienté péninsulaire tient aussi à d’autres facteurs : stratégies économiques, politiques et mémorielles des élites ; capacité de communautés rurales solidaires à faire émaner d’elles-mêmes de modestes établissements monastiques ; progression des royaumes septentrionaux aux dépens d’al-Andalus. La prolifération des monastères est favorisée par la souplesse des cadres normatifs dans lesquels ils s’intègrent ; il en résulte une grande adaptabilité de forme et de contenu, si bien que les monasteria les plus modestes se distinguent mal de simples églises rurales, l’une de leurs fonctions essentielles étant de servir aux nécessités du culte. Les grands monastères contribuent également à l’encadrement socio-pastoral par l’emprise qu’ils exercent sur les fonctions épiscopales, par la célébration de cérémonies liturgiques ouvertes aux laïcs, par le contrôle d’églises rurales, par la réception d’immunités qui les placent à la tête de véritables seigneuries. La situation frontalière qui caractérise la péninsule Ibérique du haut Moyen Âge confère aux monastères une couleur spécifique. Victimes des assauts musulmans, ils s’engagent en retour dans la défense des territoires chrétiens. Une partie de leurs fonctions habituelles se trouve réorientée, dans un tel contexte, en des applications particulières dont témoignent l’attention au sort des captifs ou le développement, à la fin du XIe siècle, d’une liturgie belliqueuse. Les fonctions sociales remplies par les monastères et le prestige attaché au genre de vie monastique justifient que les moines occupent, en pratique, une position centrale dans le fonctionnement de la société. Celle-ci n’apparaît pourtant pas telle qu’elle laisse émerger, dans les discours, l’idée promue à la même époque par les grands monastères du nord des Pyrénées selon laquelle les moines formeraient l’élite d’une société chrétienne hiérarchisée en fonction d’un critère de pureté, et pourraient prétendre, à ce titre, occuper le sommet de l’ordre du monde. Ancré dans une tradition wisigothique qui participe à expliquer une durable imperméabilité aux courants monastiques ultra-pyrénéens, le monachisme hispanique connaît à la fin du XIe siècle un processus de normalisation qui le fait entrer dans une nouvelle phase de son histoire. / This study aims to analyse, from a double practical and ideological point of view, the place of monks and monasteries in the early medieval hispanic society, apart from Catalonia and al-Andalus. The functions of monasteries were in part traditional and in keeping with the ones they fulfilled elsewhere in the christian West. The rise of monasticism – that is, the foundation of monasteries, their increase in wealth trough donations, their ability to feed themselves with new recruits – may be explained by the belief in the doctrine of salvation, which incited every one to strive for his own redemption and that of his relatives. However, the abundance of monasteries in the peninsular christendom also depended on other factors : economic, political and memorial strategies of the elite ; ability of rural communities to make appear from themselves small monasteries ; expansion of the northern realms at the expense of al-Andalus. The proliferation of monasteries was boosted by the fluidness of the normative framework in which they took place and which favoured a wide range of formal adaptation, in such a way that many modest monasteria were not easy to distinguish from simple rural churches – one of their essential functions being to serve as places of worship. The big monasteries also took part in the social control and pastoral care, thanks to the hold on the episcopal functions, celebration of liturgical ceremonies opened to lay people, ownership of rural churches and privileges of immunity that put them at the head of authentic seigniories. The border situation of the early medieval Iberian Peninsula gave to monasteries a peculiar tone. As well as they suffered from the muslim assaults, they took part in the defence of the christian territories. In such a context, part of their usual functions were redirected to specific applications, of which the attention to the lot of prisoners or the development of a bellicist liturgy at the end of the 11th century are good examples. The social functions assumed by monasteries and the prestige of the monastic way of life explain that the monks, in practical terms, held a central position in the running of society. However, this role was not enough to make emerge, in discursive terms, the idea – promoted at the same time by some big monasteries north of the Pyrenees – that the monks were the elite of a christian society hierarchically organized by a criterion of purity and claimed, for that very reason, to be at the top of the social order. The visigothic tradition in which hispanic monasticism was rooted may partly explain that it remained for long impervious to the ultra-pyrenean monastic trends. At the end of the 11th century, a process of normalization drove the iberian monasteries into a new phasis of their history.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-04-12T00:37:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO PARA CAPA DURA 27 04 15.pdf: 3447110 bytes, checksum: 778a1f1724d4f876c769db529637390d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T00:37:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO PARA CAPA DURA 27 04 15.pdf: 3447110 bytes, checksum: 778a1f1724d4f876c769db529637390d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The semi-arid Bahia is a very diverse area, with differences not only in climate but also in culture, enabling studies in various areas of knowledge, as well as study of the lexicon that is the window through which a community can see the world (Cf. ISQUERDO, 2007). From the need to explore this lexical inventory, we will address the following question: does the lexicon found in hinterland communities of Bahia's semiarid interior show influences of Galician and / or Archaic Portuguese, ie check if there are in the lexicon used in semiarid Bahia Iberian influences, especially if there is maintenance of so-called archaisms. The existence of this kind of lexicon, especially in the speech of older people, is our initial hypothesis. In this sense, we seek to carry out the survey of backcountry lexicon, checking for influences of the Spanish, Galician, and Portuguese languages, based initially in the corpus of the collection "samples of spoken language in the Bahian semi-arid" UEFS / FAPESB. The research methodology is the quali-quantitavie method. The corpus of data used is part of the database of the research project "Portuguese Language in the Semiarid Bahia." In order to recognize and analyze, in full measure the relevance of the lexicon of the semi-arid Bahia, the decision was made to investigate the unknown and to known about the subject as recognized in the growing literature base for this topic. In this sense, the possibility of studying the Iberian influences within the Bahian semi-arid lexicon means understanding more effectively the great cultural wealth within the the area, culminating in new dialogues for future more watchful eyes of the semiarid cultural source, and hence of its lexical richness. The results indicate that there is maintenance of some archaic terms, especially in the most isolated communities. / O semi?rido baiano ? uma ?rea bastante diversificada, apresentando diferen?as n?o s? clim?ticas, mas tamb?m culturais, o que possibilita estudos em diversas ?reas do conhecimento, como a do l?xico que representa a janela atrav?s da qual uma comunidade pode ver o mundo (Cf. ISQUERDO, 2007). A partir da necessidade de explorar esse invent?rio lexical, iremos debru?ar o nosso olhar sobre o seguinte questionamento: o l?xico encontrado nas comunidades sertanejas do semi?rido baiano apresenta influ?ncias do Galego e/ou do Portugu?s Arcaico, ou seja, verificaremos se h? no l?xico usado no semi?rido baiano influ?ncias ib?ricas, principalmente se h? manuten??o dos chamados arca?smos. A exist?ncia desse tipo de l?xico, principalmente na fala dos mais velhos, ? a nossa hip?tese inicial. Neste sentido, busca-se realizar o levantamento do l?xico sertanejo, verificando se h? influ?ncias da L?ngua Espanhola, do Galego e do Portugu?s Arcaico, baseando-se no corpus da cole??o ?Amostras da l?ngua falada no semi-?rido baiano?, UEFS/FAPESB. A metodologia de pesquisa est? inserida no m?todo qualiquantitativo. O corpus utilizado faz parte do banco de dados do projeto de pesquisa ?A L?ngua Portuguesa no Semi?rido Baiano?. Com o intuito de reconhecer e analisar, na justa medida, a relev?ncia do l?xico do semi?rido baiano, impera a decis?o de buscar no desconhecido e de saber acerca de um tema t?o importante para os estudos lingu?sticos, mas em crescimento. Nesse sentido, a possibilidade de estudar as influ?ncias ib?ricas dentro do l?xico do semi?rido baiano significa conhecer efetivamente mais uma grande riqueza dentro dessa espacialidade, culminando em novos di?logos para futuros olhares mais atentos ao semi?rido, fonte de cultura e, consequentemente, de riqueza lexical. Os resultados indicam que h? manuten??o de alguns termos arcaicos, principalmente nas comunidades mais isoladas.

Cette thèse se propose de réévaluer le statut des sources ibériques au sein d’un corpus de pièces anglaises jouées entre la fin du règne d’Élisabeth Ie et le début de l’ère jacobéenne, période marquée par de profonds changements socio-culturels. Elle se concentre non pas sur la tension bien connue et souvent étudiée entre hispanophilie et hispanophobie qui caractérise alors la représentation des relations anglo-ibériques, mais envisage ce rapport selon une perspective textuelle, culturelle et esthétique incluant les relais qui, à l’échelle européenne, permettaient à ces textes de circuler, tout en les modifiant. Ce travail porte donc sur les réseaux d’influence des textes ibériques de la culture de cour des XVe et XVIe siècles, et leur impact sur le théâtre anglais de la première modernité. Il aborde notamment le roman sentimental Tractado de amores de Arnalte y Lucenda de Diego de San Pedro, la poésie de cour de Juan Boscán et Garcilaso de la Vega avec le long poème Leandro et le sonnet XXIX « Pasando el mar Leandro el animoso », la romance pastorale Los siete libros de La Diana de Jorge de Montemayor et le récit picaresque publié anonymement, La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes, y de sus fortunas y adversidades. Ces œuvres sont mises en dialogue avec des textes didactiques et philosophiques tels que El libro aureo de Marco Aurelio d’Antonio de Guevara, Le Courtisan de Baldassare Castiglione traduit par Boscán et El Examen de Ingenios de Juan Huarte de San Juan, qui s’intéressent tous à la figure du courtisan et à la notion de « service ». Quant au corpus de textes dramatiques anglais privilégiés dans cette étude, il est principalement constitué de pièces de Shakespeare, en particulier de The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Love’s Labour’s Lost, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Twelfth Night et The Winter’s Tale. Ces œuvres sont mises en relation avec d’autres écrits contemporains : Hero and Leander de Christopher Marlowe, Blurt Master Constable de Thomas Dekker, ainsi que des textes de John Lyly et de Ben Jonson. En complétant et réorientant les études portant sur les intrigues et les personnages de la littérature dramatique anglaise, champ d’investigation traditionnel des Source Studies, cette thèse aborde ces éléments selon une approche qui prend en compte les perspectives sociétales et théâtrales inhérentes à la littérature issue de la société de cour ibérique : cette littérature innovante reflète, façonne et interroge tout particulièrement la théâtralité d’un milieu où les individus ne cessent de se mettre en scène. Tour à tour auteurs, dédicataires et personnages-clés de ces fictions dont ils sont très friands, les membres de la société de cour ibérique fournissent ainsi aux écrivains anglais de la première modernité un terrain de jeu propice à l’innovation et à l’expérimentation dramaturgiques / This dissertation proposes to reassess the status of Iberian sources within a corpus of English plays staged between the last years of the reign of Elizabeth I and the beginning of the Jacobean era, a period marked by deep socio-cultural changes. It does not focus on the well-known and often studied tension between Hispanophilia and Hispanophobia which characterises the representation of Anglo-Iberian relations at the time, but considers this relationship from a textual, cultural and aesthetic perspective including the go-betweens that, at a European scale, enabled these texts to circulate while they were altering them. This work thus deals with the networks of influence of Iberian texts belonging to 15th-and-16th-century court culture and the impact they had on early modern English drama. In particular, it tackles the sentimental romance Tractado de amores de Arnalte y Lucenda by Diego de San Pedro, court poetry by Juan Boscán and Garcilaso de la Vega with the long poem Leandro and sonnet XXIX « Pasando el mar Leandro el animoso », the pastoral romance Los siete libros de La Diana by Jorge de Montemayor and the anonymously published picaresque tale La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes, y de sus fortunas y adversidades. These works are set in conversation with didactic and philosophical texts such as El libro aureo de Marco Aurelio by Antonio de Guevara, The Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione translated by Boscán and El Examen de Ingenios by Juan Huarte de San Juan: they all deal with the figure of the courtier and the notion of « service ». As to the corpus of English dramatic texts chosen for this study, it is mainly composed of plays by Shakespeare, notably The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Love’s Labour’s Lost, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Twelfth Night et The Winter’s Tale. These works are related to other contemporary writings: Hero and Leander by Christopher Marlowe, Blurt Master Constable by Thomas Dekker, along with texts by John Lyly and Ben Jonson. By supplementing and redirecting the studies addressing plots and characters in the English dramatic literature, the traditional field of investigation of Source Studies, this dissertation discusses these elements from a perspective which takes into account the societal and theatrical dimensions inherent to the literature born out of the Iberian court society : this innovative literature reflects, shapes and questions especially the theatricality of an environment where individuals never cease to stage themselves. Alternately authors, dedicatees and key-characters and figures of these fictions they enjoy thoroughly, the members of the Iberian court society thus provide early modern English writers with a playground conducive to dramaturgical innovation and experimentation.