By utilizing theories surrounding assemblages, the principle of minimal departure, maps, and world-architecture,the thesis has tried to understand how maps and narrative affect each other in creating an imaginary geography infantasy literature as well as what role maps in fantasy have for the individuals reading them. With a focus on hownarrative, map, and other actors interacted, the thesis, having used two methods, a close reading of the book AWizard of Earthsea, and online content analysis of forum posts regarding fantasy maps, has achieved a deeperunderstanding of maps role in creating an imaginary geography. The thesis has found that when reading a fantasybook using a map, the map serves the role of both limiting what can and cannot be imagined while also bridgingthe assemblages of actual and secondary truth values which aid in interpreting the fantasy world. Furthermore, thethesis has found that for average readers of fantasy, the map can serve two roles: Clarifying spatialities andAugmenting abilities.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-02-23T11:28:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DEUZÉLIA ROSA GOMES DOS SANTOS.pdf: 1327993 bytes, checksum: dfa2bc86bfc7e25c56b4738151465c71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T11:28:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DEUZÉLIA ROSA GOMES DOS SANTOS.pdf: 1327993 bytes, checksum: dfa2bc86bfc7e25c56b4738151465c71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-22 / In this research we analyze and analyze the imaginary through the construction, transformation and or deconstruction of the symbols and myths, as well as analyze the rhythms and images enabling the accomplishment of the aesthetic effect in the narrative poem The History of the Spider Leopoldina by Ana Luísa Amaral and the poetic narrative The Young Lady of Marina Colasanti. For the accomplishment of this dissertation the bibliographic research method was used in an analytic-deductive way. Initially we demonstrate the trajectory, construction and evolution of Literature to the Work of Literary Art. Next we draw an overview of Children's Literature; From its genesis to contemporaneity, questioning its existence as subgenre of literature, genre for a specific reader or subliterature. This subject is treated with theoretical support from the critics Nelly Novaes Coelho, Antonio Candido de Mello e Souza and Regina Zilberman. We also present the works and their authors, the body of this dissertation. Symbols and myths are analyzed in the mitochristic view under the aegis of the imaginary theory of Gilbert Durant and Gaston Bachelard in order to understand the question of mythic actualization and its influence on the aesthetic effect. The rhythms and images, with the theoretical support of Paul Valéry and Octavio Paz, are analyzed as an agent of seduction, as a poetic instrument and as significant resources that accentuate and favor the occurrence of the aesthetic effect. At the end of the research we report three real cases that show the concretization of the aesthetic effect. The Theory of Aesthetic Effect discussed in this paper was founded on Wolfgang Iser. / Nesta pesquisa discorremos e analisamos o imaginário através da construção, transformação e, ou desconstrução dos símbolos e mitos, bem como analisamos os ritmos e imagens possibilitando a realização do efeito estético no poema narrativo A História da Aranha Leopoldina de Ana Luísa Amaral e a narrativa poética A Moça Tecelã de Marina Colasanti. Para realização desta dissertação utilizou-se o método de pesquisa bibliográfico de forma analítico-dedutiva. Inicialmente, demonstramos a trajetória, construção e evolução da Literatura à Obra de Arte Literária. Em seguida, traçamos um panorama da Literatura Infantil da sua gênese à contemporaneidade, questionando sua existência enquanto subgênero da Literatura, gênero para um leitor específico ou subliteratura. Esse assunto foi tratado com suporte teórico dos críticos Nelly Novaes Coelho, Antonio Candido de Mello e Souza e Regina Zilberman. Apresentamos, também, as obras e suas autoras, corpora desta dissertação. Símbolos e mitos foram analisados na visão mitocrítica sob a égide da teoria do imaginário de Gilbert Durant e Gaston Bachelard a fim de compreendermos a questão da atualização mítica e sua influência no efeito estético. Os ritmos e as imagens, com suporte teórico de Paul Valéry e Octavio Paz, foram analisados como agente de sedução, como instrumento poético e como recursos significativos que acentuam e propiciam a ocorrência do efeito estético. Finalizando a pesquisa, relatamos três casos verídicos que evidenciam a concretização do efeito estético. A Teoria do Efeito Estético discutida neste trabalho foi fundamentada em Wolfgang Iser.

Motivados pelos resultados do artigo [BBFK11], nosso trabalho começa analisando, no caso da álgebra de Lie afim sl(n;C), a possibilidade de se obter módulos de Verma J-imaginários, via representações análogas às feitas por Cox em [Cox05]. Inicialmente consideramos, por simplicidade, n = 2 e, só então, analisamos o caso geral. Depois, de modo análogo, estudamos os artigos [CF04] e [CF05] com o intuito de obter módulos J-intermediários de Wakimoto. Finalmente imbutimos, no caso n = 2, uma ação de álgebra de Virasoro nos módulos imaginários de Wakimoto, utilizando-nos do resultado exposto em [EFK98], em que tal problema é abordado para o caso dos módulos de Verma. Desta forma, obtemos equações análogas às de Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov (equações KZ) para os módulos imaginários de Wakimoto. / Following the results of [BBFK11], our work starts analyzing (for bsl(n;C)) if we can obtain J-imaginary Verma modules using similar representations used by Cox in [Cox05]. We did it for n = 2 and after, for the general case. The next step was the study of J-intermediate Wakimoto modules, following the ideas of [CF04] and [CF05]. To finish, for affine sl(2;C), we defined an action of Virasoro algebra on the imaginary Wakimoto modules following [EFK98] and we obtained an analogue of the KZ-equations for imaginary Wakimoto modules.

Motivados pelos resultados do artigo [BBFK11], nosso trabalho começa analisando, no caso da álgebra de Lie afim sl(n;C), a possibilidade de se obter módulos de Verma J-imaginários, via representações análogas às feitas por Cox em [Cox05]. Inicialmente consideramos, por simplicidade, n = 2 e, só então, analisamos o caso geral. Depois, de modo análogo, estudamos os artigos [CF04] e [CF05] com o intuito de obter módulos J-intermediários de Wakimoto. Finalmente imbutimos, no caso n = 2, uma ação de álgebra de Virasoro nos módulos imaginários de Wakimoto, utilizando-nos do resultado exposto em [EFK98], em que tal problema é abordado para o caso dos módulos de Verma. Desta forma, obtemos equações análogas às de Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov (equações KZ) para os módulos imaginários de Wakimoto. / Following the results of [BBFK11], our work starts analyzing (for bsl(n;C)) if we can obtain J-imaginary Verma modules using similar representations used by Cox in [Cox05]. We did it for n = 2 and after, for the general case. The next step was the study of J-intermediate Wakimoto modules, following the ideas of [CF04] and [CF05]. To finish, for affine sl(2;C), we defined an action of Virasoro algebra on the imaginary Wakimoto modules following [EFK98] and we obtained an analogue of the KZ-equations for imaginary Wakimoto modules.

Ce travail de recherche porte dans sa première partie, sur la situation linguistique du Liban, sur la volonté d’étudier la place que la langue française y occupe par rapport aux autres langues en présence, notamment par rapport à l’anglais. Au-delà du contexte, nous présentons aussi dans cette première le corpus suivi du cadre théorique et méthodologique. Pour ce faire, nous avons fait appel dans le cadre théorique aux procédés linguistiques tels que l’emprunt linguistique, l’alternance codique, le calque et l’interférence, ainsi qu’à des concepts sociolinguistiques essentiels, pour montrer comment l’auteur revendique sa langue source à travers la langue d’écriture, dont, entre autres, l’imaginaire linguistique/culturel et les représentations sociales. Dans la deuxième partie, on met en exergue le phénomène du contact des langues et leurs usages au sein de la société libanaise qui a engendré des parlers hybrides comme, entre autres, le franbanais. Par ailleurs, cette étude peut affirmer l’ancrage de la culture et de la langue française au Liban. Quant à la troisième partie de la thèse, elle est consacrée à l’étude socio-sémiotique des articles et des dessins, extraits du journal l’OLJ, dans le but de montrer comment les différentes langues et cultures se nouent de façon harmonieuse dans la presse libanaise et comment chaque langue possède ses particularités langagières liées aux représentations culturelles de la communauté linguistique qui en fait usage. Concrètement l’analyse porte sur les articles de la journaliste Azouri ainsi que les commentaires qui accompagnent les dessins de la dessinatrice Phares. Quant aux dessins, nous avons procédé par une étude sémiotique pour les analyser dans un rapport texte/image. Ainsi, nous avons convoqué les théories de Laurence Bardin, Martine Joly et Roland Barthes, qui prennent en considération l’aspect symbolique et polysémique de l’image visuelle ainsi que les dimensions idéologiques et culturelles du récepteur. Notre travail de recherche, qui se situe donc à la croisée de différentes disciplines, se propose de mettre l’accent sur les dimensions socioculturelles dans le décryptage d’un message donné. / This research concerns, in its first part, the linguistic situation in Lebanon and the ability to analyze the position of the French language in relation to the other existing languages, in particular English. Beyond the context, we will also present the corpus followed by the rhetorical framework and the methodology. For this purpose, we relied on linguistic processes like linguistic borrowing, code-switching, calque and interference as well as central socio-linguistic concepts, in order to show how the author claims his original language through written language, including among others, the linguistic/cultural imagination and social representations. The second part emphasizes the phenomena of language contact and its use in Lebanese society, which has generated hybrid languages like “franbanais”. Furthermore, this work could prove the anchoring of the French culture and language in Lebanon. The third part of this thesis is devoted to the socio-semiotic study of articles and pictures, extracted from the OLJ journal, in order to show how different languages and cultures connect harmoniously in Lebanese media and how every language possesses its linguistic particularities related to the cultural representations of the linguistic community speaking that language. This review is concretely about the articles written by the journalist Azouri as well as the commentaries accompanied by pictures drawn by Phares. Regarding the pictures, we proceeded by a semiotic study in order to analyze the rapport between the text and the picture. Then, we convened the theories of Laurence Basin, Martine Holy and Roland Barthes, who take into consideration the symbolic and the polysemic aspect of the picture as well as the ideologic and cultural dimension of the receiver. Our research, which crosses different disciplines, proposes to emphasize the socio-cultural dimensions in the decryption of a presented message.

Cette thèse a été conçue comme une analyse des relations existantes entre la littérature et la photographie. Elle a pour objet d'étude l'oeuvre littéraire Grande Sertão: Veredas (1956) de João Guimarães Rosa, traduite par des photographies de Maureen Bisilliat à partir de l’original de João Guimarães Rosa (1969). Bien que la photographie ait essayé d’interagir avec la littérature dès ses prémices en 1849, ce ne sera qu'avec l'arrivée des mouvements avant-gardistes qu'apparaîtra une plus grande interaction entre les deux arts. Ceci favorisera des questionnements sur le « travail artistique », et ce, pas uniquement pour le domaine de la photographie, mais pour l'Art, en général. L'accent est mis sur cette période de grande interaction, s’appuyant surtout sur l'école surréaliste, considérée comme innovante et pionnière artistique pour son interaction entre ces deux langages. Dans le domaine littéraire, l'étude sur l'interaction avec les écrivains a favorisé une connaissance sommaire de quelques noms qui ont dialogué avec la photographie dans leurs œuvres, écrivains passionnés par la photographie, considérés également comme photographes. Dans cette étude s’opère une traduction intersémiotique, ou une transposition créative. L'image photographique ne sert pas uniquement à illustrer les mots de l'écrivain. Elle dialogue avec le texte et cette construction n'est ni aléatoire ni directe. Le travail démontre que le processus créatif des artistes est similaire, dans la diversité de leur esthétisme. Bien que tous deux expriment leur spécificité, ils partagent des équivalences, qu'elles soient convergentes ou divergentes, transmises grâce à des images métaphoriques de l'ambiance du Sertão et de ses habitants. Dans le dialogue inter-sémiotique construit à partir de A João Guimarães Rosa, le roman Grande Sertão: Veredas a dû être fragmenté en légendes, pour que la photographie puisse explorer à loisir l'univers féminin latent de l’œuvre. Cette féminité est dévoilée progressivement grâce aux théories littéraires émanant de l'ensemble des critiques parues sur le roman. Le reportage-photo fonctionne dès lors que les personnages affleurent dans les images, notamment grâce aux légendes, mais aussi grâce aux éléments silencieux qui jaillissent des clichés, rattachés à l'univers durandien: l'élément féminin présenté dans les images appartient au régime nocturne. Maureen Bisilliat nous laisse croire en la possibilité d'une nouvelle signification de l'oeuvre de Guimarães Rosa, des relations entre la réalité et la fiction, dualité présente depuis le surréalisme, en accord parfait avec l'Imaginaire de Gilbert Durand. / This thesis conducted an analysis of the relationship between literature and photography, with the object of study the work: the novel Grande Sertão: Veredas (1956) by João Guimarães Rosa, which has translated for the photography of Maureen Bisilliat in the work, A João Guimarães Rosa (1969). Since its inception, photography rehearsed some steps in the dialogue with the literature. However, were the vanguard of movements that showed greater interaction, leading questions about the artistic work not only on the picture that tried to consolidate as art as well as art by itself in general. Surrealism can be considered as a landmark dialogue, innovation, artistic pioneer among these languages. In the literature, the study of the interaction with writers provided a brief knowledge of some names in the literature that dialogued with photography in his works, lovers of the photographic medium, were also considered photographers. In this work, we treat photography as a inter-semiotic translation, or even creative transposition. The photographic image is not only meant to illustrate the words of the writer. It dialogues with the text, and this construction does not occur randomly and direct way. The research demonstrated that the creative process is similar on both artists the diversity of its aesthetic. The two express their specificities, but at the same time, they nevertheless share equivalents, either convergences or divergences, enabled through metaphorized pictures of backcountry environment and its inhabitants. In intersemiotic dialogue built on João Guimarães Rosa, it was necessary to fragment the novel Grande Sertão: Veredas in captions for the picture to explore the latent feminine in this work. This femininity has been revealed through literary theory that presents a critical rich fortune about the female in Grande Sertão: Veredas. The photographic essay is driven in that the characters perceive the images surfacing through their legends, in addition to several female members silently emerge from images which related durandiano universe belonging to the nocturnal regime. Maureen Bisilliat, makes us believe in the possibility of reframing of Rosa's work, the relationships between reality and fiction, such as duality present from the surrealism that communes with the Imaginary of Gilbert Durand. / Esta tese realizou uma análise das relações existentes entre literatura e fotografia, tendo como objeto de estudo a obra literária Grande Sertão: Veredas (1956) de João Guimarães Rosa, traduzida em fotografias de Maureen Bisilliat na obra A João Guimarães Rosa (1969). Apesar de a fotografia ensaiar passos na interação com a literatura desde o seu surgimento em 1849, os movimentos de vanguarda é que propiciaram questionamentos sobre o fazer artístico não só na fotografia, bem como da própria arte em geral. O diálogo entre essas linguagens enfatizou-se sobretudo na escola surrealista, considerada como um marco de inovação e pioneirismo artístico nessa inter-relação. Essa interação propiciou um breve conhecimento de alguns nomes da literatura que dialogaram com a fotografia em suas obras, escritores amantes da fotografia, alguns considerados também fotógrafos. Neste trabalho ocorre uma tradução intersemiótica, ou ainda, uma transposição criativa. A imagem fotográfica não serve apenas para ilustrar as palavras do escritor. Ela dialoga com o texto, e essa construção não se dá de maneira aleatória nem direta. A pesquisa demonstrou que o processo criativo de ambos os artistas é o mesmo na diversidade de suas estéticas. Os doisexpressam suas especificidades, mas, ao mesmo tempo, revelam equivalências, seja por convergências ou por divergências, viabilizadas por intermédio de imagens metaforizadas do ambiente sertanejo e em seus habitantes. No romance, foi necessária a fragmentação, em forma de legendas, por parte da fotógrafa para dialogar com as imagens, ao menos num primeiro momento. A feminilidade latente na obra é desvendada através da teoria literária, que apresenta um rica fortuna crítica acerca do feminino em Grande Sertão: Veredas. O ensaio fotográfico é acionado ao tempo que se percebe as personagens aflorando nas imagens literárias em suas legendas, além de diversos elementos que emergem, como as imagens relacionadas com o universo durandiano: o elementofeminino, pertencente ao regime noturno. Maureen Bisilliat faz acreditar na possibilidade de ressignificação da obra rosiana, das relações entre a realidade e a ficção, dualidade tão presente desde o surrealismo, que comunga com o Imaginário de Gilbert Durand.

In the course of this dissertation, I will interrogate traditional representations of the heroic figure within the fantasy genre. I will argue that the tropes established by some of the most renowned fantasy texts are undergoing a process of evolution and that Steven Erikson (who is the special focus of my discussion) seeks to revision the heroic mould through his construction of Coltaine of the Crow Clan in Deadhouse Gates (2001). Deadhouse Gates centres on Coltaine, who is tasked with escorting tens of thousands of refugees across four hundred leagues of hostile territory. This re-evaluation of fantasy modes has significant ramifications for the future development of the genre as a whole. In order to explore how Erikson interrogates heroic representation, I briefly establish some of the distinctive characteristics of fantasy. I then explore how some major fantasy texts represent heroism, before investigating Erikson’s particular response to these traditions. / English Studies / M. A. (English)

Depuis 1989, le nationalisme est progressivement redevenu un thème discursif majeur dans les espaces publics et politiques européens. Le nationalisme s’est alors « banalisé » (selon l’expression de Michael Billig), reléguant le complexe des histoires sociales à de simples altérités culturelles. Les tensions sociale et symbolique ainsi produites trouvent leur origine commune dans les discours nationalistes centrés autour de l’Etat et des institutions nationales. Percevant une remise en cause en présence d’altérités multiples, il apparait que le discours dominant sur les identités nationales œuvre à reproduire une continuité de valeurs et des histoires nationales traditionnelles. Cette étude transversale a pour but de présenter une analyse social-historique de l’endurance des imaginaires nationaux et du paradigme moderne d’exclusion qu’ils entretiennent. En élaborant un cadre théorique sous la forme d’un système ouvert (Edgar Morin) pour exprimer les relations complexes entre les textes, l’idéologie et l’imaginaire social, le but de la thèse est l’analyse de la dynamique de promotion, d’expression et de contestation symbolique – des négociations de signification sociale – des imaginaires nationaux. C’est dans ce cadre que, à travers l’étude de textes exprimant certaines de ces négociations, que sont articulées la formation et la consolidation des imaginaires nationaux britannique, français et polonais pendant la période moderne. L’analyse est ensuite centrée sur des discours de dirigeants politiques britanniques, français et polonais entre 2004 et 2009, mis en contraste par l’analyse de textes de la culture populaire contemporaine. / Since 1989, nationalism has once again become a major discursive theme in European public and political spaces. Nationalism has thus become “banalised” (according to Michael Billig), relegating the complexities of social histories to mere cultural ‘Others’. The common origin of the resulting social and symbolical tensions can be found in the promotion of State-centred nationalist discourses. The dominant discourse on national identity aims for the reproduction of a continuity of traditional national values and histories in reaction to the threat it perceives in the presence of multiple ‘Others’. This transversal study presents a social-historical analysis of the endurance of national imaginaries and of the modern paradigm of exclusion they reproduce. By elaborating a theoretical framework as an open system (Edgar Morin) to make sense of the complex relations between texts, ideology and the social imaginary, the aim of the thesis is the analysis of the dynamic symbolic promotion, expression and contestation – negotiations of social signification – of national imaginaries. Basing on the study of texts expressing these negotiations, the formation and consolidation of British, French and Polish national imaginaries in the late modern period is articulated through this framework. The analysis then focuses on mainstream political discourses in Britain, France and Poland between 2004 and 2009 which is contrasted with the analysis of contemporary texts of popular culture.

Le hasard est un thème classique et récurrent en sciences humaines mais ne constitue guère un objet à part entière pour la discipline sociologique. Le plus souvent, le vocable est évoqué pour l’analyse d’autres thématiques. Des champs tels que la sociologie des risques font ainsi avancer la réflexion sur la question de l’aléa mais ne la situent pas au centre des recherches. Pour comprendre les motifs de cette occultation, ce travail place le hasard comme objet sociologique et l’interroge sous ses angles théoriques et empiriques. L’objectif est de saisir son utilité en société, pour les membres et les institutions la formant, afin d’en révéler les fonctions et les modalités.Pour ce faire, une première partie explore les domaines de la connaissance étudiant le hasard à travers leurs théorisations respectives en suivant une logique pluridisciplinaire (philosophie, mathématiques, physiques, biologie, économie, anthropologie et sociologie). Ensuite, un terrain spécifique est retenu pour rendre compte des manières de vivre ce hasard dans des pratiques quotidiennes. Choisis pour leur popularité, les jeux d’alea sont étudiés dans une deuxième partie rapportant les investigations menées dans les trois secteurs historiques des jeux en France : la « Française des Jeux », les casinos et le « Pari Mutuel Urbain ». Dans un va-et-vient permanent entre recherches théorique et empirique, la place du hasard se laisse finalement appréhender : à la fois concept et moteur d’action, celui-ci s’inscrit dans une dynamique imaginaire traduite par ses représentations. Une troisième partie analyse ce processus de création et d’appréhension du monde social en reliant les connaissances acquises au cours des deux parties précédentes. Finalement, le statut et le rôle de l’aléa dans notre société contemporaine sont mieux appréhendés. / Chance is a classic and recurring theme in social sciences but does not really, by itself, constitute a sociological research topic. The term is generally used in the study of other subjects. For instance, fields such as the “sociology of risks” moved the issue of chance forward by using it in analyses, but these fields do not focus research on chance by itself. To understand the reasons for this, this study views chance as a sociological subject, and investigates it from its theoretical and empirical perspectives. The objective is to discover its usefulness in society, for the members and institutions which form that society, in order to expose the functions of chance.In order to achieve this, the first part of the study explores the different fields of knowledge which study chance in their respective theories, using a multidisciplinary logic (philosophy, mathematics, physics, biology, economics, anthropology and sociology.) Then, a specific field is selected to report ways of living this random and practice chance in everyday life. Because of their popularity, games of chance are studied in a second part of related investigations conducted in the three traditional sectors of games of chance in France: “Française des Jeux” (“French Games,”) casinos, and “Pari Mutuel Urbain” (“Urban Pari-Mutuel Betting.”) In going back-and-forth between theoretical and empirical research, the role of chance is finally understood: both in concept and as a motivation to act, chance is part of an imaginary dynamic that appears in its representations. A third section analyzes this process of creating and understanding the social world by linking the knowledge gained during the previous two parts. Finally, the place and the role of random in our contemporary society are better understood.

Cette thèse a pour objet de confronter la psychanalyse, et particulièrement celle de Jacques Lacan, aux théories queer étatsuniennes. Il s'avère que les théoriciens queer ont un rapport ambivalent à la psychanalyse. Chez nombre d'auteurs, la psychanalyse s'avère une ressource essentielle pour déconstruire le genre, penser les homosexualités, le transgenderisme et les pratiques sexuelles. Pour cela, ils s'éloignent de la psychanalyse américaine (egopsychology) pour retrouver certains aspects subversifs de l'œuvre freudienne. D'un autre côté, certains aspects particulièrement novateurs de la lecture lacanienne de Freud sont ignorés. C'est le cas en particulier de la théorisation par Lacan des sexuations masculines et féminines. Les théoriciens queer se rangent sans le savoir du côté masculin de la sexuation, ignorant la spécificité de la jouissance féminine. Il s'avère que la lecture de la psychanalyse par nombre de théoriciens queer a une dimension utopique forte, visant à une refonte politique de la société. C'est plus généralement la dimension du réel au sens lacanien qui est méconnue et ignorée, et par là la façon singulière dont la sexualité affecte le corps d'un sujet. / This thesis aims to confront psychoanalysis and U.S queer theories. Queer theorists are ambivalent towards psychoanalysis. For many authors, psychoanalysis is very useful to deconstruct gender, think about homosexualities, transgenderism and various sexual practices. They criticize egopsychology and uncover Freud’s work subversive aspects. Besides, some Lacanian aspects of the reading of Freud which are particularly innovative are unknown, such as Lacan’s theorization of masculine and feminine sexuations. Queer theorists are siding with masculine sexuation, ignoring feminine jouissance. It is obvious that queer theorists' reading has a strong utopian dimension, aiming for a political revolution of the society. More generally, it is the dimension of the real in the Lacanian sense which is unknown and ignored, and, because of that, the singular way in which the subject's body is affected by sexuality.