Many Christians, including Christian leaders, are spiritually blind. They do not understand the purpose and implication of Jesus' Coming for each of His followers. So often Christians seek self-interest and their own honour and are not in the least concerned about their fellow believers and fellow man. They do not live up to God's purpose with them. The main research problem of this study is: "What is the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" The main objective of this study is to determine what the implication is of the ? of Jesus in word- and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark. The specific question posed. in Chapter 2 is the following: "What research has been done with reference to the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" Research has shown that the disciples are portrayed negatively in the Gospel of Mark. Researchers offer different explanations for this negative portrayal of the disciples. There is concensus among researchers that this specific portrayal of the disciples should be explained from the angle of Christology and discipleship. This study examines the negative portrayal of the disciples focusing on the ? of Jesus and the discipleship of His followers. The intention is to propose an answer to the calling of each follower in the missionary church. Research has further shown that discipleship is not limited to the twelve disciples only, but includes all followers of Jesus. The specific question posed in Chapter 3 is the following: "What is the relevance of the socio-historic and literary context of the Gospel of Mark for this study regarding the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" The socio-historic context indicates that the adressees of the Gospel of Mark probably suffered persecution. The relevance of the socio-historic context can be read from the fact that the author of the Gospel of Mark encourages the adressees in their unique situation(s) en guides them on their response as followers. This corresponds with Jesus' discipleship calling to bear one's own cross. From the literary context it becomes clear that the central discipleship section in Mark 8:27-10:52 forms a structural unit in the Gospel of Mark. Christology and discipleship are central themes in Mark 8:27- 10:52. These two themes are directly related to the implication of the ? of Jesus in word- and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" The literary context also shows that the Gospel of Mark is a dramatic, apocalyptic, eschatologic narrative that is also a biography. As a biography of Jesus, the Gospel of Mark focuses on Jesus as Subject who serves, but also on his disciples who must deny themselves and serve God. The specific question posed in Chapter 4 is the following: "What is the relevance of the revelation-historic context of the "Son of man" enunciations in Mark 8:27-10:52 for the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark? In Chapter 4 it is shown that the "Son of man" enunciations should be understood within the revelation-historical relation between the Old and the New Testament. Jesus proclaims Himself, amongst other titles in the Gospel of Mark as the Son of man. The Son of man is a glorious and kingly figure (cf Dan 7:13 & 14), .but also a humble figure who suffers (cf Isaiah Jes 40-55; Sagaria; the Psalms). It is further more important to realize that there is a relationship between the Messiah and His servants in the Old Testament and the Son of man and his followers in the Gospel of Mark. The specific question, posed in Chapter 5 is the following: "What is the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" It is shown from Mark 8:27-9:1 that the ? of Jesus has redemptive, discipleship, as well as judgemental implication. Following Jesus means to serve Him as believer and saved person. Following Jesus is to serve Jesus and God with the same attitude as Jesus served His Father and people. It is shown from Mark 9:30-37 that humble and loving service is necessary between leaders and all followers. This service should be specifically aimed at the least ones in the community of faith. Humble service towards one another and the least ones is not degraded. It is extremely important work because it is at the same time service towards Jesus and God. At the feet of the least in church and society we receive the most humble Servant and our Supreme God, the most important of all. It is shown from Mark 10:32-45 that selfish behaviour and pride among leaders must be replaced with a humble attitude and submission to God, fellow believers and fellow man." This discipleship has its origin in the reconciliatory work of Jesus. It is shown from Mark 10:46-52 that Jesus sent people to the outsiders and sufferers along the road to call them to Him. His aim is to save them that they may join and serve Him and others. In Chapter 6 this study reaches its conclusion. God had according to the Gospel of Mark a specific purpose with the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation. Through His word proclamation Jesus reveals the will of His Father who sent Him to earth. This message of the Kingdom of God is a message of hope. Through His deed proclamation Jesus brings salvation to many people. The life of Jesus was a life of humble, sacrificing and loving service. His service makes their service possible. He calls all His followers to serve God until! He comes again. Every believer is a follower of Jesus and part of the missionary church as fishers of men. Each believer is sent out in the world with the sacrificing love of Jesus to serve God, fellow believers, his fellow man especially the least ones and those who suffer. Leaders and followers should live according to the same principle: Follow Jesus by serving God and your fellow man. Every follower is a servant not only at the feet of the least ones and those who suffer, but also at the feet of the greatest Servant and our Supreme God. / Thesis (Ph.D. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010

Cette réflexion aborde la protection de l'enfance sous un autre angle que celui présenté par les pouvoirs publics. Sa singularité repose sur sa manière de montrer la mise en place progressive des mécanismes de protection de l'enfance. Elle décrit les rapports qu'entretiennent la famille et les pouvoirs publics : État, collectivités locales ; soulève les raisons réelles de leur l'intervention en décrivent les mécanismes ayant entraîné l'assentiment de la famille au projet de vie collective représenté par l'éducation et l'accession des enfants à l'autonomie. Si cette implication peut être salutaire, elle entraine aussi une fragilisation des parents déjà affaiblis par des difficultés sociale et professionnelle. Cette thèse explore certains aspects non évoqués qui constituent pourtant un danger pour les enfants. Elle s'appuie sur deux éléments : il s'agit des données sur l'enfance en danger recueillies par l'Antenne enfance ado et des dispositifs de prise en charge élaborée par le Conseil général du Doubs. Les manquements observés supposent une refonte de la protection de l'enfance dans la manière de considérer la famille.

Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η σύγκριση των συγκεντρώσεων 6 ορμονών, Ε3, β-hCG, hPL, FSH, LH και κορτιζόλη στο αίμα του ομφαλίου λώρου των νεογέννητων των καπνιστριών γυναικών σε σχέση με τις μη καπνίστριες μητέρες. Μέθοδοι: Οι παραπάνω ορμόνες μετρήθηκαν στο αίμα ομφαλίου λώρου σε 100 νεογνά των οποίων οι μητέρες κάπνιζαν (ομάδα μελέτης) και 100 παιδιά των οποίων οι μητέρες δεν κάπνιζαν (ομάδα ελέγχου). Αποτελέσματα: H μέση τιμή των συγκεντρώσεων E3, hPL, β-hCG, FSH, LH και κορτιζόλης στα νεογνά μη καπνιζόντων μητέρων ήταν 212 ng/mL, 2.00 microg/mL, 57.5 mIU/mL, 0.10 mIU/mL, 0.20 mIU/mL, and 14.3 microg/mL, αντιστοίχως· στα νεογνά των καπνιστριών μητέρων ήταν 163, 1.39, 45.4, 0.10, 0.20, and 25.1, αντιστοίχως (p=0.008, 0.004, 0.037, 0.498, 0.286, 0.004, respectively). Διαπιστώθηκε σημαντική αλλά αρνητική συσχέτιση μεταξύ του αριθμού των τσιγάρων ανά ημέρα και των E3 (r=-0.163, P=0.021), hPL (r=-0.191, P=0.007) και β-hCG (r=-0.143, P=0.044), ενώ η συσχέτιση με την κορτιζόλη ήταν θετική (r=0.259, P<0.0001). Πολλαπλή γραμμική εξαρτημένη ανάλυση έδειξε ότι το μητρικό κάπνισμα ήταν καθοριστικός παράγοντας για τις συγκεντρώσεις των ορμονών E3, hPL, β-hCG, FSH, και κορτιζόλη του αίματος του ομφαλίου λώρου. Συμπέρασμα: Το κάπνισμα συσχετίζεται με μείωση των συγκεντρώσεων των ορμονών E3, hPL, β-hCG και FSH του αίματος του ομφαλίου λώρου. Ενώ, συσχετίζεται με αυξημένη συγκέντρωση κορτιζόλης. Η διαταραγμένη ενδοκρινική ισορροπία του εμβρύου από το κάπνισμα του καπνού μπορεί να έχει αρνητικές επιδράσεις στο έμβρυο και το παιδί εφόσον ο εμβρυϊκός εγκέφαλος είναι στόχος ορμονικών δράσεων. / To determine the effect of maternal cigarette smoking on cord blood concentrations of E3, hPL, beta-hCG, FSH, LH, and cortisol. Hormone concentrations were measured in term neonates of 100 smoking and 100 non-smoking mothers. The median E3, hPL, beta-hCG, FSH, LH and cortisol cord blood concentrations in the non-smoking mothers' offspring were 212 ng/mL, 2.00 microg/mL, 57.5 mIU/mL, 0.10 mIU/mL, 0.20 mIU/mL, and 14.3 microg/mL, respectively; in the smoking they were 163, 1.39, 45.4, 0.10, 0.20, and 25.1, respectively (P=0.008, 0.004, 0.037, 0.498, 0.286, 0.004, respectively). There was a significant but poor negative correlation between number of cigarettes/day and E3 (r=-0.163, P=0.021), hPL (r=-0.191, P=0.007), and beta-hCG (r=-0.143, P=0.044), whereas the correlation with cortisol was positive (r=0.259, P<0.0001). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that maternal smoking is a determinant of cord blood E3, hPL, beta-hCG, FSH, and cortisol concentrations. Tobacco smoking is associated with a reduction in cord blood E3, hPL, and beta-hCG concentrations, whereas it is associated with increased cortisol concentrations. The disturbed endocrine equilibrium of the fetus induced by tobacco smoking could have adverse consequences on the fetus and child since fetal brain is a target organ for hormonal actions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:34:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CelsoSouza.pdf: 6967403 bytes, checksum: 0fc0f87f3c46f53b55ff805662d7a3c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Most part of the land, which is part of the region, where is Orleans has origin in a gift which princess Isabel earned when she married to Conde d Eu on October 15th 1864. They built a farmland company and shared the land and contrasted Caetano Pinto Júnior in order to bring the European immigrants. On July 8th 1882, it started the occupation in Grão Pará Colony and the first farmers began to allow that light of the sun brighted the land covered by the forest. The lands discovered have great productivity giving to everybody a rich life. There were many economic activities, but they did not have good results because of the techniques. They burned the forest and that way, in four yeas, all possibilities to grow plants were impossible. In less than a century, ther was a poor population looking for other savage regions to survive. At that time, tobacco appeared bringing many social implications/problems, which changed in an economical activity that pulled out everyone from misery. It was a very historic fact to this region in Santa Catarina as an example of family agriculture, when organized, is a way to provide social balance. / A maior parte das terras que compreendem a região de Orleans tem origem em um dote que a princesa Isabel ganhou quando se casou com o Conde d Eu em 15 de outubro de 1864. Constituíram uma Empresa Colonizadora, lotearam as terras e contratou o Comendador Caetano Pinto Junior para trazer imigrantes europeus. Em 8 de julho de 1882, iniciaram-se os trabalhos de ocupação da Colônia Grão Pará, e os primeiros colonos começaram a permitir que a luz do sol tocasse as terras cobertas pelas matas. As terras desnudadas possuíam grande produtividade, animando todos a construírem uma vida de fartura. Tiveram diversas iniciativas econômicas e nenhuma delas trouxe os resultados que esperavam, pois a técnica de lidar com a terra: derrubar a mata e queimá-la, destruía em quatros anos todo o poder de gerar plantas com viço. Em menos de meio século já tínhamos uma população pobre procurando outras regiões selvagens para sobreviver. Nessa época aparece a cultura do fumo, com muitas implicações sociais, que acabou se tornando uma atividade econômica que tirou todos da miséria e se constituiu em um fato histórico da maior importância para a região Sul de Santa Catarina, demonstrando que a agricultura familiar quando organizada é uma forma de proporcionar equilíbrio social.

Submitted by Débora Maia (deboramatosmaia@gmail.com) on 2018-04-16T14:25:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Doutorado-DÉBORA MATOS MAIA.pdf: 4465121 bytes, checksum: ca913ab28fd5c1d9da9bf64ebc4c5b9c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2018-04-24T19:11:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Doutorado-DÉBORA MATOS MAIA.pdf: 4465121 bytes, checksum: ca913ab28fd5c1d9da9bf64ebc4c5b9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T19:11:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Doutorado-DÉBORA MATOS MAIA.pdf: 4465121 bytes, checksum: ca913ab28fd5c1d9da9bf64ebc4c5b9c (MD5) / CAPES / Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa-ação implicada, construída de maneira colaborativa, a partir da necessidade de fomentar e difundir as manifestações culturais de Itapuã junto aos moradores que passaram a habitar o bairro. Para tanto, os protagonistas das culturas populares articularam-se, com o apoio dos trabalhadores da educação, para apresentar às crianças e aos jovens das instituições públicas de educação formal, a história e a diversidade cultural do lugar. Pensando no amanhã, a comunidade de Itapuã organizou-se em redes colaborativas, para valorizar e fomentar a sua cultura, já os sujeitos das escolas acreditaram e apoiaram as propostas desenvolvidas pelo Projeto Griô e, posteriormente, no IV Desfile da Primavera. Discutimos durante as práticas pedagógicas sobre temas transversais, transdisciplinares e descolonizadores, a partir de uma outra lógica, das culturas populares, sendo abordados conhecimentos referentes ao meio ambiente; questões de gênero e raça; preconceito; história do Brasil, da cidade de Salvador e de Itapuã; conhecimentos sobre pesca, dança, capoeira, arte circense, percussão, ritmos, canções, lendas, mitos, festas, manifestações, grupos culturais, dentre outros, mostrando que existem outras possibilidades, a partir da realidade vivida, para a educação formal no Brasil. O fio condutor foi a implicação das redes colaborativas, dando forças para que os obstáculos fossem ultrapassados, bem como fossem superadas as disputas de poder, tensões e conflitos. Mergulhar no mar de Itapuã nos faz perceber que a Pedra de Ponta representa o fortalecimento cultural do território, que é baseado no protagonismo e na resistência dos moradores que possuem um sentimento de pertencimento singular. Estes buscam transmitir essa essência à nova geração, através dos saberes, fazeres, manifestações, grupos, histórias de vida e da memória social sobre o lugar da “pedra que ronca”, mas não adormece perante as transformações sofridas no decorrer dos anos. / ABSTRACT This work is the result of an implied research-action, that was built in a collaborative way from the need to foment and diffuse the cultural manifestations of Itapuã to the residents who came to inhabit the neighborhood. Therefore, the protagonists of popular cultures articulated, with the support of the education workers, to present the history and cultural diversity of the place to the children and young people of the public institutions of formal education. Thinking about tomorrow, the community of Itapuã was organized in collaborative networks to value and promote their culture, while on the other hand the subjects of the schools believed and supported the proposals developed with the Griô Project and, later, with the IV Spring Parade. We discussed during pedagogical practices on transversally , transdisciplinary and decolonizing themes from another logic, from popular cultures, in which knowledge about the environment was approached; issues of gender and race; prejudice; history of Brazil, the city of Salvador and Itapuã; knowledge about fishing, dance, capoeira, art of clowning, percussion, rhythms, songs, legends, myths, parties, demonstrations, cultural groups, among others, showing that there are other possibilities, from the lived reality, for formal education in Brazil. The guiding thread was the implication of collaborative networks, giving strengths to overcome obstacles, as well disputes over power, tensions and conflicts. Diving in the sea of Itapuã makes us realize that the Stone of Ponta represents the cultural strengthening of the territory, which is based on the protagonism and resistance of the inhabitants possessing a feeling of singular belonging. These seek to transmit this essence to the new generation through the knowledge, actions, manifestations, groups, life histories and social memory about the place of the Stone that snores, but does not fall asleep in the face of the changes undergone over the years. / RESUMEN Este trabajo es fruto de una investigación-acción implicada que fue construida de manera colaborativa a partir de la necesidad de fomentar y difundir las manifestaciones culturales de Itapuã para los moradores que pasaron a habitar el barrio. Para ello, los protagonistas de las culturas populares se articularon, con apoyo de los trabajadores de la educación, para presentar a los niños y jóvenes de las instituciones públicas de educación formal la historia y diversidad cultural del lugar. Pensando en el mañana, la comunidad de Itapuã se organizó en redes colaborativas para valorar y fomentar su cultura, mientras que por otro lado los sujetos de las escuelas creyeron y apoyaron las propuestas desarrolladas con el Proyecto Grifo y, posteriormente, con el IV Desfile de la Primavera. Discutimos durante las prácticas pedagógicas sobre temas transversales, transdisciplinares y decolonizadores a partir de otra lógica, de las culturas populares, en que se abordaron conocimientos referentes al medio ambiente; cuestiones de género y raza; preconcepto; historia de Brasil, de la ciudad de Salvador y de Itapuã; y en el caso de que se produzca un cambio en la calidad de vida de las personas. El hilo conductor fue la implicación de las redes colaborativas, dando fuerzas para que los obstáculos fueran superados, así como se superaran las disputas de poder, tensiones y conflictos. Buceo en el mar de Itapuã nos hace percibir que la Piedra de Ponta representa el fortalecimiento cultural del territorio, que se basa en el protagonismo y resistencia de los moradores poseedores de un sentimiento de pertenencia singular. Estos buscan transmitir esa esencia a la nueva generación a través de los saberes, hacer, manifestaciones, grupos, historias de vida y de la memoria social sobre el lugar de la Piedra que ronca, pero no adormece ante las transformaciones sufridas con el transcurrir de los años.

La mise sur le marché de nouveaux produits constitue un enjeu stratégique pour les entreprises et notamment pour les PME&PMI. Les projets de développement de produits sont en règle générale bien maîtrisés localement au sein des entreprises mais sont confrontés à de réelles difficultés dès lors qu’ils requièrent une étroite collaboration des partenaires. L'idée force dans cette recherche est liée au fait que pour accroître l’efficacité de tout projet de développement de produits il est impératif de prendre en considération, le plus tôt possible, les contraintes liées au réseau de partenaires support à son exécution. Notre contribution s'inscrit dans le cadre de la méthodologie Co-Evolution Produit et réseau de partenaireS (CEPS) développée au sein de notre laboratoire. Cette thèse explore les dépendances entre les partenaires du réseau et propose une méthode d’évaluation a priori de l’intégrabilité de tout nouveau partenaire. Cette méthode est supportée par un prototype d'aide à la décision utilisable par les décideurs. / Abstract

Este estudo tem como objetivo cartografar alguns efeitos do ingresso de estudantes autodeclarados negros a partir da implantação das ações afirmativas na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS. O mapeamento surge a partir de uma tese segundo a qual tais estudantes, por suas trajetórias de vida que se distinguem da grande maioria dos estudantes acolhidos até aquele momento na universidade, poderiam tensionar padrões, processos e hábitos universitários produzindo deslocamentos no cotidiano, abrindo possibilidades de reinvenção da própria universidade. Utiliza como estratégia cartográfica a construção de ficções a partir das histórias de estudantes cotistas que procuram na Pró-Reitoria de Assuntos Estudantil, instância da UFRGS que atua na efetuação das políticas de assistência estudantil. Como desenho do plano em que ocorre este estudo, apresenta as condições de emergência da forma atual de universidade, utilizada desde sua gênese no Brasil como espaço de produção de distinção social. Também retoma práticas de violências raciais advindas desde o período colonial, criadoras de desigualdades no acesso a direitos pela população negra, que são a motivação principal para a criação de ações afirmativas na educação superior na contemporaneidade. No plano da UFRGS, busca as atualizações que se produzem na universidade a partir do ingresso de estudantes cotistas autodeclarados negros. Estas atualizações materializam-se principalmente através da produção de restrições ao ingresso e permanência destes estudantes na universidade, como através de uma regulamentação mais severa sobre o desempenho acadêmico necessário para a permanência na universidade. A analítica destas restrições produz reflexões sobre as formas de construção social que invisibilizam a violência racial ainda pungente e que descaracteriza a participação de todos na produção de necessidade de políticas de ações afirmativas, uma vez que se há sujeitos subjugados em sua condição de acesso, há também outros que detém privilégios. A análise de implicação percorre toda a produção da tese, e traz a necessidade do reconhecimento do papel de todos nós na conformação da universidade após a implantação da política de ações afirmativas. / This study aims at mapping out some of the effects of the admission of self-declared Afro-descendent students since the implementation of affirmative actions at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS. This mapping arose due to a thesis where said students, because of their life paths being so different from the majority of the students already admitted at the university, could bend patterns, processes, and university habits, producing dislocations of daily routines, opening to new possibilities for the university to reinvent itself. As a mapping strategy, the construction of fiction tales from the stories told by the students entered by quota who searched the Pró-Reitoria de Assuntos Estudantil (dean of student body) were used. The Pró-Reitoria is the body at UFRGS where the policies of student assistance are made sure to be taking place; it helps solve situations that make it is difficult for the student to stay in college. As a draft of the plan in which this study takes place, it shows today’s emergency contingency plans of the university, which is being used since its genesis in Brazil as a space for producing social distinctions. It also uses racial violence practices, arising from the colonial period, which created inequalities in the access of rights for the Black community, and that is the main reason for the creation of affirmative actions in higher education today. The plan at UFRGS is to search for updates that are reproduced at the university since the admission of students by quota of self-declared Afro-descendants. This updates take place especially through restrictions to the permanence of these students in the University, such as in making statutory a more severe academic progress needed in order to keep the spot at UFRGS. The analytics of these restrictions produce reflections about the ways of social construction that make invisible the racial violence still pungent which decharacterizes the participation of everyone in the making of the need of affirmative actions policies once there are subjects who are subjugated in their conditions for access there are others who are privileged. The analysis of implication runs throughout the thesis, and brings up the need of everyone’s role to be recognized in the conforming of the university after the implementation of the affirmative actions policies.

Dans un contexte où l'injonction d’innover atteint son paroxysme, les différentes fonctions de l’entreprise sont à la recherche de processus susceptibles de renforcer leur capacité d’innovation. Notre recherche a pour objectif d’apporter un éclairage sur l’implication et la contribution de la fonction Achats dans le processus d’innovation des entreprises Agro-Alimentaires en construisant, d’une part, une typologie des acheteurs et en identifiant, d’autre part, certains facteurs organisationnels déterminants du succès de l'implication de cette fonction. Sur la base de nos résultats, l’implication réussie de la fonction Achats dans le processus d’innovation n’est pas l’affaire d’une performance particulière des facteurs inter-organisationnels mais plutôt le fruit d’une performance équilibrée sur un ensemble de composantes comme l’alignement des services et organisations en interne et externe, les compétences métacognitives des acheteurs, l’implication dans l’idéation, ainsi que l’attractivité interne et externe. / At the heart of the company's strategy for a long time, and compounded by globalisation, innovation is becoming increasingly collaborative, open to external organisations such as suppliers who can play a prominent role in innovations (product or service design, organisational or technical). As Purchasing is the internal/external interface, this function may have an impact on the companies' ability to innovate. Beyond the suppliers' contribution, and within the other departments, the purpose of this thesis is to help clarify and characterise innovation by the Purchasing department, a multi-faceted notion, as well as identify the endogenous and exogenous factors conducive to innovation.

Durant ces dernières années, le phénomène de l’implication du Conseil d’Administration (CA) dans le processus stratégique occupe une place importante dans les recherches académiques et dans l’actualité économique. L’objectif de ce travail est de comprendre ce phénomène dans le contexte des entreprises françaises. Pour ce faire, nous l’appréhendons comme un processus intermédiaire entre ses facteurs déterminants (le système de gouvernance de l’entreprise et les caractéristiques du CA) et ses facteurs d’évaluation (la performance de l’entreprise). Nous mobilisons ainsi une démarche méthodologique mixte qui combine une étude qualitative exploratoire et une étude par questionnaire de recherche adressé aux dirigeants et administrateurs des entreprises du SBF 250. Ce travail montre que la diversité de nationalité, les compétences générales et relationnelles des administrateurs ainsi que la présence d’un comité stratégique favorisent l’implication du CA dans le processus stratégique. En étudiant l’effet de cette dernière sur la performance de l’entreprise, les résultats montrent que l’implication du CA dans le processus d’établissement des choix stratégiques représente une source de création de valeur. Par ailleurs, une forte implication des administrateurs dans le processus de mise en œuvre stratégique et de contrôle influence négativement la performance de l’entreprise. Appuyés par une typologie des modes d’implication du CA (ou des « profils-types » des CA), ces résultats mettent en évidence l’importance du style d’intervention des administrateurs dans le processus stratégique afin d’expliquer son influence sur la performance de l’entreprise. / Over the past few years, research in corporate governance has devoted an increasing amount of attention to boards of directors’ involvement in the strategic decision making process. This doctoral study aims to understand this phenomenon in the French context. We apprehend it as an intermediate process between its determinant factors (corporate governance system and board characteristics) and its evaluation factors (corporate performance).Therefore, we mobilize a mixed methodological research approach that combines an exploratory qualitative study and a questionnaire survey addressed to managers and directors of the SBF 250 companies.This work shows positive and significant effect of the nationality diversity, the general and interpersonal skills of directors and the strategic committee on board members’ involvement in the strategic process. Moreover, empirical results highlight that board involvement in the process of establishing strategic choices makes an efficient contribution to the firm’s value creation. However, strong board involvement in the implementation and control process has a negative influence on corporate performance. Supported by a typology of board involvement’s forms (or "Boards’ Typical-Profiles"), these results emphasize the importance of directors’ forms of participation in different steps of the strategic process to explain its influence on corporate performance.

Si les fragilités individuelles et les conditions de travail sont accusées de conduire à l'épuisement professionnel, cela n'explique pas pourquoi un individu décide de s'enfermer dans une situation intenable pouvant le mener au suicide plutôt que de mettre fin au lien l'unissant à son organisation. Ce lien se nomme l'implication organisationnelle (Mathieu et Zajac, 1990). Ainsi, dans un contexte où les organisations cherchent à renforcer le lien qui les unit à chacun de leurs salariés, nous nous interrogeons sur le rôle joué par l'implication organisationnelle dans l'explication de l'épuisement professionnel. L'implication organisationnelle est un concept multidimensionnel (Meyer et Allen, 1991) négativement lié à l'épuisement professionnel, notamment dans sa dimension affective. Les études relatives aux autres dimensions sont beaucoup plus rares. Par ailleurs, Meyer et Maltin (2010) soulignent la contradiction des recherches s'intéressant au lien indirect entre l'implication organisationnelle et l'épuisement professionnel. Dans cette recherche nous nous intéresserons à toutes les dimensions de manière simultanée à l'aide d'une approche par profil permettant de capter les interactions entre les dimensions (Meyer et al., 2012). Le lien direct et indirect qui unit implication organisationnelle et épuisement professionnel sera étudié à la lumière de la conservation des ressources. Pour cela, nous mobilisons une méthodologie mixte combinant principalement une étude qualitative et deux études quantitatives. Les données analysées dans cette recherche défendent la thèse selon laquelle l'implication organisationnelle est une ressource à double tranchant qui permet de protéger les individus de l'épuisement professionnel mais qui peut devenir néfaste sous certaines conditions. / If individual weaknesses and working conditions are accused to lead to burnout, this does not explain why an individual decides to stay in an unbearable situation that could lead him to suicide rather than cut the link binding him to his organization. This link is called organizational commitment (Mathieu & Zajac, 1990). Thus, in a context where organizations seek to strengthen the bond between each of their employees, we question the role of organizational commitment in explaining burnout. Organizational commitment is a multidimensional concept (Meyer & Allen, 1991) negatively related to burnout, especially in its affective dimension (Meyer & Maltin, 2010). Studies related to the other dimensions are rare. Besides, Meyer and Maltin (2010) highlight the contradiction of the researches related to the indirect link between organizational commitment and burnout. In this research, we focus on all dimensions simultaneously, using an approach-based profile to capture the interactions between dimensions (Meyer et al., 2012). The direct and indirect relations that link organizational commitment to burnout are enlightened by the conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1988, 2001). To do this, we mobilize a mixed methodology combining a qualitative study and two quantitative studies. The data analyzed in this study defend the thesis that organizational commitment is a double-edged resource that protects individuals from burnout but that can be harmful under certain conditions.