The main aim of the thesis is analysis of the logistic system of the company dealing with distribution of meat and dairy products, from the viewpoint of material and information flow from the point of purchase to the supply to the clients and to try to suggest possibilities of optimalization in order to improve logistic procedures. On the basis of performed analysis is suggested possible change towards the optimalizacion of distribution, which lies in a new way of direction internal sources of the enterprise.

Dans un contexte de carence méthodologique, cette thèse vise à apporter un nouveau souffle aux modèles de choix de localisation jusqu’ici incapables d’appréhender de manière réaliste la complexité des processus décisionnels des établissements tels que leurs choix de localisation optimale. Les modèles de choix de localisation utilisent des données géoréférencées, pour lesquelles les ensembles de choix ont une composante spatiale explicite. Il est donc essentiel de comprendre comment représenter l’aspect spatial dans les modèles de choix de localisation. La décision finale d’un établissement semble être liée au paysage économique environnant. La quantification du lien entre les observations voisines implique une prise de décision sur la spécification de la matrice spatiale. Pourtant, la grande majorité des chercheurs appliquent la métrique euclidienne sans considérer des hypothèses sous-jacentes et ses alternatives. Cette démarche a été initialement proposée en raison de données et de puissance informatique limitées plutôt que de son universalité. Dans les régions comme la région parisienne, oû la congestion ainsi que les problèmes de barrières physiques non traversables apparaissent clairement, les distances purement basées sur la topographie peuvent ne pas être les plus appropriées pour l’étude de la localisation intra-urbaine. Il est possible d’acquérir des connaissances en reconsidérant et en mesurant la distance en fonction du problème analysé. Plutôt que d’enfermer les chercheurs dans une structure restrictive de la matrice de pondération, cette thèse propose une approche souple pour identifier la métrique de distance la plus susceptible de prendre en compte correctement les marchés voisins selon le secteur considéré. En plus de la distance euclidienne standard, six autres mesures sont testées : les temps de déplacement en voiture (pour les périodes de pointe et hors pointe) et en transport en commun, ainsi que les distances de réseau correspondantes.Par ailleurs, les décisions d’un établissement particulier sont interdépendantes des choix d’autres acteurs, ce qui rend les choix de localisation particulièrement intéressants et difficiles à analyser. Ces problèmes épineux posés par l’interdépendance des décisions ne peuvent généralement être négligés sans altérer l’authenticité du modèle de décision d’établissement. Les approches classiques de la sélection de localisation échouent en ne fournissant qu’un ensemble d’étapes systématiques pour la résolution de problèmes sans tenir compte des interactions stratégiques entre les établissements sur le marché. L’un des objectifs de la présente thèse est d’explorer comment adapter correctement les modèles de choix de localisation pour étudier les choix discrets d’établissement lorsqu’ils sont interdépendants.En outre, une entreprise peut ouvrir un certain nombre d’unités et servir le marché à partir de plusieurs localisations. Encore une fois, la théorie et les méthodes traditionnelles peuvent ne pas convenir aux situations dans lesquelles les établissements individuels, au lieu de se situer indépendamment les uns des autres, forment une grande organisation, telle qu’une chaîne confrontée à une concurrence féroce d’autres chaînes. Le modèle prend en compte non seulement les interactions intra-chaînes mais aussi inter-chaînes. Aussi, la nécessité d’indiquer une nette différence entre la population de jour et de nuit a été soulignée. La demande est représentée par les flux de piétons et de voitures, la foule de clients potentiels passant par les centres commerciaux, les stations de trains et de métros, les aéroports et les sites touristiques. L’Enquête Globale Transport 2010 (EGT 2010), entre autres, est utile pour atteindre cet objectif. / This thesis is breathing new life into the location choice models of establishments. The need for methodological advances in order to more realistically model the complexity of establishment decision-making processes, such as their optimal location choices, is the key motivation of this thesis. First, location choice models use geo-referenced data, for which choice sets have an explicit spatial component. It is thus critical to understand how to represent spatial aspect in location choice models. The final decision of an establishment seems to be related to the surrounding economic landscape. When accounting for the linkage between neighboring observations, the decision on the spatial weight matrix specification must be made. Yet, researchers overwhelmingly apply the Euclidean metric without realizing its underlying assumptions and its alternatives. This representation has been originally proposed due to scarce data and low computing power, rather than because of its universality. In areas, such as the Paris region, where high congestion or uncrossable physical barriers problems clearly arise, distances purely based on topography may not be the most appropriate for the study of intra-urban location. There are insights to be gained by mindfully reconsidering and measuring distance depending on a problem being analyzed. Rather than locking researchers into a restrictive structure of the weight matrix, this thesis proposes a flexible approach to intimate which distance metric is more likely to correctly account for the nearby markets depending on the sector considered. In addition to the standard Euclidean distance, six alternative metrics are tested: travel times by car (for the peak and off-peak periods) and by public transit, and the corresponding network distances. Second, what makes these location choices particularly interesting and challenging to analyze is that decisions of a particular establishment are interrelated with choices of other players.These thorny problems posed by the interdependence of decisions generally cannot be assumed away, without altering the authenticity of the model of establishment decision making. The conventional approaches to location selection fail by providing only a set of systematic steps for problem-solving without considering strategic interactions between the establishments in the market. One of the goals of the present thesis is to explore how to correctly adapt location choice models to study establishment discrete choices when they are interrelated.Finally, a firm can open a number of units and serve the market from multiple locations. Once again, traditional theory and methods may not be suitable to situations wherein individual establishments, instead of locating independently from each other, form a large orgnization, such as a chain facing a fierce competition from other chains. There is a necessity to incorporate interactions between units within the same and competing firms. In addition, the need to state a clear difference between the daytime and nighttime population has been emphasized. Demand is represented by pedestrian and car flows, the crowd of potential clients passing through the commercial centers, train and subways stations, airports, and highly touristic sites. The Global Survey of Transport (EGT 2010), among others, is of service to reach this objective. More realistically designed location choice models accounting for spatial spillovers, strategic interaction, and with a more appropriate definition of distance and demand can become a powerful and flexible tool to assist in finding a befitting site. An appropriately chosen location in turn can make an implicative difference for the newly-created business. The contents of this thesis provide some useful recommendations for transport analysts, city planners, plan developers, business owners, and shopping center investors.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka kunders erfarenheter av och önskemål kring interaktionen med klädbutikers personal. Vidare undersöker studien på vilket sätt kunder vill att interaktionen ska ske samt inom vilka zoner och vid vilka tillfällen. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och den empiriska datan är framtagen genom 15 semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnliga konsumenter. Studien har till en början en deduktiv ansats som sedan övergår i inslag av induktiv ansats inom vilka studien sedan växlar mellan. Slutsatser: Studiens resultat visar att kunder har önskemål om ett individanpassat bemötande under interaktion med personal samt att kunder lägger vikt vid personalens beteende och tillgänglighet. Studien visar även att kunders erfarenheter av interaktion med personal i klädbutiker inte överensstämmer med kunders önskemål kring detta fenomen. Många kunder har visat sig ha relativt låga förväntningar gällande denna interaktion men trots detta har det visat sig att personal i många fall inte lyckas leva upp till dessa förväntningar. Interaktionen med personal i klädbutiker har även visat sig vara av stor vikt för såväl kundens image av företaget som för kunders upplevelse av ett butiksbesök. Det framgår att denna interaktion har stor inverkan på kunders fortsatta beteende gentemot företaget vilket visar på att interaktionen utgör en viktig del av klädbutikers konkurrenskraft. / Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to examine customers' experiences and wants regarding the interaction with clothing store personnel. Furthermore, the thesis explores how customers would like this interaction to occur as well as in what zones and in which situations. Method: The study in this thesis follows a qualitative research method and the empirical data is gathered through semistructured interviews with 15 female consumers. Conclusion: The thesis' results show that customers have the desire for an individualized response in interaction with personnel, and that customers attach importance to the personnel behavior and availability. The thesis also shows that customers' experiences of interaction with personnel in clothing stores do not match customer wants concerning this phenomenon. Many customers have been shown to have relatively low expectations regarding this interaction, but in spite of this, it has been found that in many cases personnel fail to live up to these expectations. The interaction with personnel in clothing stores has also proved to be of great importance to both the customer's image of the company and the customer's experience of a shop visit. It appears that this interaction has a major impact on customers' continued behavior towards the company, which shows that interaction is an important part of clothing stores' competitiveness.

Logistics is a discipline that deals with material flow and related information and financial flow, namely from a raw materials supplier via a producer and other intermediators to an end user. And all this with the goal to maximally satisfy customer needs for reasonable costs within the whole chain. Supply chain management is one of the strategies of the modern management that deals with the optimization of all activities and systems in order to secure the whole corporate chain. The company Masna Příbram uses an integrated information system that provides each segment of the supply chain with information on a daily basis. As the chain is managed by one owner, it is possible to plan and realize the production in accordance with the real demand of the segments along the chain flow. The result is that no goods are stored and if they are then only in minimum quantity.

The main purpose of this paper is to determine the level and form of application and elements of environmental management in stores. The paper is based on analysis of primary data got from interviews with operations managers and from answers of questionnaire from customers of stores. The results of paper and concept of measure for food stores are at the close of the paper.

Vetskapen om att människans fem sinnen, syn, ljud, känsel, lukt och smak, kan påverkas genom att stimuleras på olika sätt har tagits i beaktning vid utformningen av marknadsföringsverktyget kallat sinnesmarknadsföring. Sinnesmarknadsföring beskrivs som ett framväxande paradigm inom marknadsföringsområdet. Stimulering av sinnena kan bidra till skapandet av helt nya sinnesupplevelser för kunden i den fysiska butiksmiljön. En butiksatmosfärs utformning som har sin utgångspunkt i människans fem sinnen kan påverka kundens beteende och skapa konkurrensfördelar. En stor mängd av den forskning och de studier som genomförts inom ämnet sinnesmarknadsföring undersöker hur kunden blir påverkad av olika sinnesstimuli och hur sinnesstimuli kan användas. En kunskapslucka gällande hur sinnesmarknadsföring faktiskt används i fysiska butiksmiljöer inom detaljhandelsbranschen identifierades. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att skapa förståelse för hur mikroföretag använder sinnesmarknadsföring i den fysiska butiksmiljön. Vid insamlingen av empiriska data användes en kvalitativ metod och fem intervjuer genomfördes med butiksägare eller anställda som ansvarar för utformningen av en butiksmiljö inom detaljhandelsbranschen. Resultaten visar att flexibilitet är ett nyckelord när det kommer till mikroföretagens utformning av sinnesupplevelser i butiksmiljön. Det har även framgått att vid utformandet av butiksmiljön prioriteras i huvudsak strategier gällande tre av de fyra sinnena som undersökts i denna studie; syn, ljud och känsel. Den styrande faktorn som påverkar arbetet med sinnesupplevelserna i butiksmiljön är visionen för hur butiksatmosfären ska vara och upplevas av företagets kunder. Slutsatsen är att mikroföretag trots sin ringa storlek kan skapa och anpassa sinnesupplevelser utifrån de egna förutsättningarna och sin vision för butiksatmosfären för att differentiera sig. / The knowledge that the five human senses; sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste, are affected in different ways by stimulation has been taken into account in the making of the marketing tool called sensory marketing. Within the marketing area, sensory marketing is described as an emerging paradigm. Stimulating the senses can lead to the creation of entirely new sensory experiences for the customer in a physical store environment. A store atmosphere based on the five human senses can affect the customer’s behavior and create competitive advantages. A large amount of the former research and studies made on sensory marketing focuses on how the customer may be affected by different sensory cues and how sensory cues can be used. A gap in knowledge has been identified regarding how sensory marketing is actually used in a physical retail store environment. The purpose of this thesis is to create a deeper level of understanding in regard to how micro-enterprises apply sensory marketing in their physical store environment. The empirical data has been collected adopting a qualitative method and five interviews have been conducted with business-owners or employees that are in charge of the environment in a retail store. Results show that flexibility is a keyword in regards to how the micro-enterprises creates the sensory experiences in the store environment. It also showed that when the store environment is created, three of the four senses studied in this thesis are prioritized; sight, hearing and touch. The determining factor that affects the creation of the sensory experiences in the store environment is the vision that states how the store atmosphere should be and be perceived by customers of the company. The conclusion is that although the micro-enterprises may be small in size they can create and adapt their sensory experiences based on their own conditions and their visions for the store atmosphere in order to differentiate themselves.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-13T17:39:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO O CONFORTO NO PONTO DE VENDA - MABEL G GUIMARAES - FINAL.pdf: 8947746 bytes, checksum: 594f97404873af2c173d4fc7a2d8eee2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T17:39:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO O CONFORTO NO PONTO DE VENDA - MABEL G GUIMARAES - FINAL.pdf: 8947746 bytes, checksum: 594f97404873af2c173d4fc7a2d8eee2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / CAPES / O presente estudo buscou identificar os significados e os elementos representativos de conforto no ambiente de loja do varejo de moda feminina, a fim de elaborar diretrizes para avaliação de conforto por meio da análise dos elementos de composição da experiência do consumidor no ponto de venda e das impressões\sensações gerais sobre a mesma. Desta forma, a pesquisa possui caráter exploratório e descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se de uma pesquisa de campo para coleta de dados, realizada em três etapas (entrevistas com cinco especialistas em visual merchandising, aplicação de questionário online com 150 mulheres e, por fim, um estudo de caso com loja representante do varejo moda feminina situada na cidade de Recife). O estudo sugere que o conforto do consumidor no ambiente de loja deste segmento se dá pela sua interação com cinco macroelementos (produtos, condições do ambiente, serviços, pessoas e apresentação de loja\elementos de composição do ambiente), apresentando-se em forma de 10 sensações (dimensão subjetivas) representantes de conforto para consumidor. Tal levantamento permitiu elaborar um mapa de conforto no ponto de venda, além de formular diretrizes de avaliação de conforto para este segmento, as quais podem auxiliar tanto os profissionais de projeto em visual merchandising\design de loja, quanto varejistas na avaliação do espaço, permitindo compreender a percepção que seu cliente tem da loja e da experiência, de forma a propor adequadas ao espaço do varejo. / This study aimed to identify the meanings and the representative elements of comfort in the environment of female fashion retail stores, in order to design guidelines for the evaluation of comfort through the analysis of consumer experience elements at the point of sale and the impressions\general sensations on the same. In this way, the research is characterized as an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, using a field research for data gathering, held in three stages (interviews with five specialists in visual merchandising, followed by the application of an online survey with 150 women and, a case study with a female retail store located in the city of Recife). The study suggests that the consumer comfort in the shop environment of this segment is obtained by their interaction with five macro-elements (products, conditions of the environment, services, persons and presentation of souvenirs\elements of environment composition), presenting itself in the form of 10 sensations (subjective dimensions) representatives of comfort for the consumer. Such identification allowed to create a map of comfort at the point of sale, in addition to formulate guidelines for the evaluation of comfort for this segment, which can help both visual merchandiser and retailers in the evaluation of space, allowing them to understand the customer’s perception about the store and the experience, in order to propose appropriate solutions for to the point of sale.

Le succès du Web de Données repose largement sur notre capacité à atteindre les données stockées dans des silos invisibles du web. Dans les 15 dernières années, des travaux ont entrepris d’exposer divers types de données structurées au format RDF. Dans le même temps, le marché des bases de données (BdD) est devenu très hétérogène avec le succès massif des BdD NoSQL. Celles-ci sont potentiellement d’importants fournisseurs de données liées. Aussi, l’objectif de cette thèse est de permettre l’intégration en RDF de sources de données hétérogènes, et notamment d'alimenter le Web de Données avec les données issues des BdD NoSQL. Nous proposons un langage générique, xR2RML, pour décrire le mapping de sources hétérogènes vers une représentation RDF arbitraire. Ce langage étend des travaux précédents sur la traduction de sources relationnelles, CSV/TSV et XML en RDF. Sur cette base, nous proposons soit de matérialiser les données RDF, soit d'évaluer dynamiquement des requêtes SPARQL sur la base native. Dans ce dernier cas, nous proposons une approche en deux étapes : (i) traduction d’une requête SPARQL en une requête pivot, abstraite, en se basant sur le mapping xR2RML ; (ii) traduction de la requête abstraite en une requête concrète, prenant en compte les spécificités du langage de requête de la BdD cible. Un souci particulier est apporté à l'optimisation des requêtes, aux niveaux abstrait et concret. Nous démontrons l’applicabilité de notre approche via un prototype pour la populaire base MongoDB. Nous avons validé la méthode dans un cas d’utilisation réel issu du domaine des humanités numériques. / To a great extent, the success of the Web of Data depends on the ability to reach out legacy data locked in silos inaccessible from the web. In the last 15 years, various works have tackled the problem of exposing various structured data in the Resource Description Format (RDF). Meanwhile, the overwhelming success of NoSQL databases has made the database landscape more diverse than ever. NoSQL databases are strong potential contributors of valuable linked open data. Hence, the object of this thesis is to enable RDF-based data integration over heterogeneous data sources and, in particular, to harness NoSQL databases to populate the Web of Data. We propose a generic mapping language, xR2RML, to describe the mapping of heterogeneous data sources into an arbitrary RDF representation. xR2RML relies on and extends previous works on the translation of RDBs, CSV/TSV and XML into RDF. With such an xR2RML mapping, we propose either to materialize RDF data or to dynamically evaluate SPARQL queries on the native database. In the latter, we follow a two-step approach. The first step performs the translation of a SPARQL query into a pivot abstract query based on the xR2RML mapping of the target database to RDF. In the second step, the abstract query is translated into a concrete query, taking into account the specificities of the database query language. Great care is taken of the query optimization opportunities, both at the abstract and the concrete levels. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we have developed a prototype implementation for MongoDB, the popular NoSQL document store. We have validated the method using a real-life use case in Digital Humanities.

Purpose: The aim of this paper has been to examine which approach travel agencies has to the physical store or office that a customer can visit, and if and in which way the place can affect the customer. Method: This paper is done from a qualitative approach. The content is based on interviews done with employees from seven travel agencies on the swedish market. Conclusion: The conclusion shows that tour operators uses the physical room to build confidence, create security and strengthen the relationship between the staff and customer. Through the physical room the tour operators can affect the customer by giving personal contact, added value and the ability to give the customer directions towards their purchase.

We  are  heading  into  a  world  that  is  becoming  more  and  more  digital.  In  the  future  markets,  customers   will   demand   that   some   sort   of   technical  support  is  available  when  they  make  purchases.   This   put   a   big   responsibility   on   companies  that  have  to  satisfy  that  need.  The  wallpaper  industry  has  not  incorporated  many  efficient  support  tools  to  facilitate  the  product  selection at Swedish retailers. This results in that customers  experience  many  issues  when  they  search for new wallpapers. Through a needfinding process, where customers   were   observed   at   retailers,   eight   primary  customer  needs  could  be  established  in  the  project.  These  were  ranked  after  their  relative   importance.   The   results   showed   that   the  most  important  needs  to  satisfy  was  to  give  customer’s  inspiration  and  help  them  visualize  wallpapers  in  environments.  In  two  workshops,  around  100  ideas  on  how  a  system  that  could  satisfy  these  needs  was  generated  in  a  number  of brainstorming sessions. These ideas were then culled   with   various   evaluation   methods   such   as  rating  matrixes,  inventory  methods  and  by  clustering the ideas. At the end of the evaluation process,  four  concepts  remained  with  different  levels of technical demands and implementation requirements.  The  decision  of  which  concept  that was going to be further developed was then made by Midbec. The final system is a service that allows customer to   visualize   chosen   wallpapers   in   a   digital   environment.  The  system  contains  a  screen  with  a connected hand scanner that will be integrated in  Midbec’s  store  interior  and  QR-barcodes  that  is  applied  to  each  wallpaper.  When  a  barcode  is  decoded,  either  with  the  scanner  or  with  a  smartphone, the user connects to Midbec’s newly developed   online   wallpaper   tool   where   the   wallpaper can be seen in different environments. The   benchmarking   showed   that   no   studies   of    effective    wallpaper    displays    has    been    made.  Several  areas  where  new  systems  can  be   implemented   to   support   customers   and   promote  wallpapers  more  effectively  was  found  throughout  the  process.  This  means  that  there  are many possibilities to develop and implement new  designs  in  the  industry.  As  a  conclusion,  this  project  showed  that  a  needfinding  process  should  focus  on  incorporating  the  user  to  the  highest possible level to ensure that reliable data is collected. Another conclusion is that customers experience   many   different   issues   in   today’s   wallpaper  selection  process.  Again,  this  shows  that  there  is  potential  to  develop  systems  that  can improve today’s wallpaper industry. / Vi går mot en värld som blir allt mer digital. I den framtida marknaden kommer kunder kräva att något sorts tekniskt  hjälpmedel  finns  tillhands  när  de  gör  sina  inköp.  Detta  ställer  krav  på  företagen  som  måste  tillfredsställa  det  behovet.  Tapetindustrin har inte integrerat många     effektiva  verktyg  för  att  underlätta  produktvalet  hos  svenska  återförsäljare.  Detta  resulterar  i  att  kunderna  upplever  många  svårigheter  när  de  letar efter nya tapeter. Genom en behovsidentifieringsprocess,    där    kunder  observerades  hos  återförsäljare,  kunde  åtta  primära  kundbehov  fastställas  i  projektet.  Dessa  rankades  efter  deras  relativa  betydelse.  Resultatet  visade  att  de  viktigast  behoven  att  tillfredsställa  är  att  ge  kunderna  inspiration  och  hjälpa  de  att  visualisera  tapeter  i  miljöer.  I  två  workshops genererades cirka 100 idéer i ett antal brainstorming  sessioner  på  hur  ett  system  som  tillfredsställer dessa behov kan se ut. Dessa idéer sorterades sedan med olika utvärderingsmetoder som     betygsmatriser,     inventerings     metoder     och  genom  att  gruppera  idéerna.  I  slutet  av  utvärderingsprocessen   återstod   fyra   koncept   med olika grad av tekniska och implementerings krav.   Beslutet   om   viket   koncept   som   skulle   vidareutvecklas togs sedan av Midbec. Det  slutgiltiga  systemet  är  en  tjänst  som  tillåter  kunderna att visualisera valda tapeter i en digital miljö.   Systemet   inkluderar   en   skärm   med   en   tillhörande   handskanner   som   är   integrerad   i   Midbec’s   butiksmiljö   samt   QR-koder   som   är   applicerade  på  varje  tapet.  När  en  kod  avläses,  antigen med skannern eller med en smartphone, kopplas     användaren     till     Midbec’s     nyligen     framtagna onlinetjänst där tapeten kan ses i olika miljöer. Förstudien  visade  att  inga  tidigare  studier  på  effektiva  tapetskyltningar  har  genomförts.  Flera  områden   där   nya   system   kan   implementeras   för  att  stödja  kunderna  och  framhäva  tapeter  mer  effektivt  framkom  under  projektet.  Detta  betyder   att   det   finns   många   möjligheter   för   att  utveckla  och  implementera  nya  designer  i  branschen.  Som  en  slutsats  visade  detta  projekt  att      en      behovsidentifieringsprocess      borde      inkludera  användaren  så  mycket  som  möjligt  för  att  säkerställa  att  tillförlitliga  data  samlas  in.  Ännu  en  slutsats  är  att  kunder  upplever  många  olika   svårigheter   i   dagens   tapetvalsprocess.   Återigen visar detta på att det finns potential för att utveckla nya system som kan förbättra dagens tapetbransch.