Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-18T11:29:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luana de André Sant_Ana.pdf: 6267204 bytes, checksum: 296670b12fa9f6766a36fc3ff44dabc2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-18T11:29:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luana de André Sant_Ana.pdf: 6267204 bytes, checksum: 296670b12fa9f6766a36fc3ff44dabc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The commitment to enhance the engagement of students and teachers in the teaching-learning process in the Brazilian educational scene has been a constant concern of educators, as well as in the achievement of higher school's scores. American researchers Joseph Renzulli and Sally Reis have been excelling in the world scenario to achieve these goals through personalized “educational enrichments”, adapted to each reality, applying the "gifted education pedagogy" through the "The Schoolwide Enrichment Model" - SEM. The present research intended to study the Model in order to identify contributions to inspire Brazilian school managers and educators. The purpose was achieved by consulting specialized literature, as well as information, articles and videos available online and through personal attendance at the event Confratute (2014, EUA). The researcher had the opportunity to collect testimonies of eight highly qualified individuals of the educational field, which were involved with the Model. The results suggest that "educational enrichments” on the basis of the "gifted education pedagogy" offered to the entire school, may benefit the Brazilian Educational System. This pedagogy aims at expanding the autonomy and creative capacity of the person, respecting and highlighting the differences and the diverse human skills. It promotes the global development of the individual and reinforces his contribution to society / Tem sido preocupação constante de educadores e gestores educacionais brasileiros, o envolvimento e a ampliação do compromisso de estudantes e professores no processo de ensino-aprendizagem visando, inclusive, a conquista de melhores índices educacionais. Os pesquisadores norte-americanos Joseph Renzulli e Sally Reis vêm se destacando no cenário mundial ao alcançarem essas metas através de “enriquecimentos educacionais” personalizados e adaptados a cada realidade escolar, aplicando a “pedagogia da superdotação” através do “Modelo de Enriquecimento para Toda a Escola” (SEM – The Schoolwide Enrichment Model). A presente pesquisa buscou conhecer o Modelo em questão, identificando contribuições que pudessem inspirar as práticas de gestores e educadores brasileiros. O objetivo proposto foi atingido com base em levantamento bibliográfico, informações, artigos e vídeos disponíveis online e através da participação presencial da pesquisadora no evento Confratute (2014, EUA), ocasião em que foram coletados depoimentos de oito sujeitos altamente qualificados na área educacional e que faziam uso do Modelo. Os resultados sugerem que “enriquecimentos educacionais” com base na “pedagogia da superdotação” oferecidos para toda a escola no contraturno, podem beneficiar o Sistema Educacional Brasileiro. Esta pedagogia visa ampliar a autonomia e a capacidade criativa das pessoas, respeitando e enaltecendo as diferenças e as mais diversas habilidades humanas. Favorece o desenvolvimento integral do indivíduo e sua contribuição para a sociedade

Läroplanen (Skolverket, 2011) och Skollagen (SFS 2010:800) anger att undervisningen ska individanpassas. Skolinspektionen (2011) fastställer att det finns brister i hur skolorna bedriver en sådan undervisning och även min erfarenhet var att detta inbegrep en del utmaningar. Med detta som bakgrund blev studiens syfte att beskriva, tolka och förstå innebörden i lärares upplevelser av att individanpassa den egna undervisningen samt eventuella relaterade utmaningar. För att undersöka detta användes en kvalitativ metod med intervjuer som datainsamlingsteknik, där fem verksamma lärare intervjuades. En hermeneutiskt-fenomenologisk ansats användes som utgångspunkt. Resultatet visade att individanpassa undervisningen inte är lätt att göra, då det är mycket upp till läraren att själv tolka och bedriva undervisningen med de svårigheter det innebär. Det är många faktorer som är med och påverkar undervisningen och i analysen av resultatet kunde det påvisas att dessa faktorer fungerar i en kombination med varandra och är vad som möjliggör individanpassad undervisning. / The curriculum (Skolverket, 2011) and Education Act (SFS 2010:800) indicates that education must be adapted to the students' abilities and needs. The National Agency for Education (2011) determines that there are deficiencies in how the schools practice such education and also my experience was that this included some challenges. Against this background, this study aim became to describe, interpret and understand the meaning of the teachers’ experiences of individualizes their own teaching and any related challenges. To investigate this, a qualitative method with interviews as a data collection technique was used, where five practicing teachers were interviewed. A hermeneutic - phenomenological approach was used as a base. The results showed that individualized education is not easy to do, as it's much up to the teacher to interpret and carry out the education with the difficulties it means. There are many factors that will affect the education and the analysis of the result show that these factors work in combination with each other and are what enables individualized education.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-06-14T20:33:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana dos Santos Cunha.pdf: 2166490 bytes, checksum: ab6d23d2ae180a5d8484e6318b811004 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-14T20:33:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana dos Santos Cunha.pdf: 2166490 bytes, checksum: ab6d23d2ae180a5d8484e6318b811004 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-28 / La presente investigación tiene como objeto de estudio la práctica pedagógica de los docentes que actúan en los Centros Estatales para Jóvenes y Adultos (CEEJA) de la red estatal de enseñanza de São Paulo. Los CEEJA ofrecen cursos semipresenciales y se caracterizan por proporcionar una enseñanza individualizada y por la flexibilidad de horario en la atención al alumno, presentando una organización y unas características diferentes de una escuela formal. La cuestión central de nuestra investigación es conocer el grado de comprensión que los profesores tienen acerca de sus prácticas pedagógicas en estas instituciones. Sostenemos la hipótesis de que los profesores del CEEJA enfrentan muchas dificultades al realizar su trabajo de forma individualizada, dada la dificultad para romper con las prácticas de enseñanza bancaria que caracterizan el trabajo escolar desde el ciclo inicial y orientan la práctica pedagógica docente. Los objetivos de la investigación son comprender como los profesores que actúan en los CEEJA organizan la enseñanza individual para atender a los alumnos de la EJA y qué prácticas educacionales desarrollan para alcanzar ese objetivo. Para la realización del estudio elaboramos un cuestionario estructurado y se lo enviamos a los profesores de Geografía de los 31 CEEJA de la red estatal de enseñanza. Nos fueron retornados un total de 21, que incluían localidades de São Paulo y de la región metropolitana de São Paulo, del litoral y del interior, permitiendo así obtener un amplio panorama de los centros de la red estatal de enseñanza. Además del cuestionario estructurado, realizamos el análisis de los documentos que regulan las actividades de los CEEJA y de los informes de acompañamiento pedagógico, así como de las normas y resoluciones de la Secretaría de Estado de Educación de São Paulo. En líneas generales, cabe afirmar que los docentes perciben la importancia del hecho de que el formato del curso esté basado en la flexibilidad y el trato individualizado. También valoran la relación con los estudiantes, específicamente en relación al conocimiento que estos poseen. Por este motivo, queda explicitado en el discurso de los profesores un sentimiento de que tanto su trabajo como sus prácticas pedagógicas, son reconocidas. / The present research has its objective to cover the pedagogical practice of teachers from the education center of youth and adults (CEEJA) of São Paulo. CEEJA offers courses with professionals that have special skills set. They have flexible timing to help the students, as well as organization that sets them apart from a regular school. Our main question is to understand how much teacher do comprehend of pedagogical practices in these institutions. Our hypotheses is that teachers from CEEJA do face a lot of difficulties to perform their job in a more customized way, because it’s hard to break some of the habits and practices of current scenario. The main objective of this research is to understand how CEEJA teachers perform and they make themselves available for one to one student support. In order to obtain data for this research, we have sent to 31 geography teachers from CEEJA and got 21 questionnaire back, covering São Paulo city and outskirts and country side of São Paulo. In addition to the questionnaire, we have also analyzed documents of regular CEEJA activities and its resolutions from the Education Secretary of São Paulo State. In summary, we can emphasize how teachers appreciate the flexible and customized course, relationship teacher/student is appreciated. The teacher feel valued in their work and pedagogical practices. / A presente investigação tem como objeto de estudo a prática pedagógica dos docentes que atuam nos Centros Estaduais de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (CEEJA) da rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo. Os CEEJA oferecem cursos semipresenciais e se caracterizam pelo ensino individualizado e pela flexibilidade no horário de atendimento ao aluno, apresentando organização e características diferentes das de uma escola regular. Nossa questão central é investigar a compreensão que os professores possuem de suas práticas pedagógicas nessas instituições. Nossa hipótese é a de que os professores dos CEEJA enfrentam muitas dificuldades em realizar seu trabalho de forma individualizada, pois é muito difícil romper com as práticas de ensino bancárias, que caracterizam o trabalho escolar desde as séries iniciais e orientam a prática pedagógica docente. Os objetivos da pesquisa são compreender como os professores que atuam nos CEEJA organizam o ensino individualizado para o atendimento dos alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) e quais práticas educacionais desenvolvem para alcançar esse objetivo. Para a realização deste estudo foi elaborado um questionário estruturado, enviado aos professores de Geografia dos 31 CEEJA da rede estadual de ensino; obtivemos o retorno de 21 deles, abrangendo localidades da Grande São Paulo, do litoral e do interior do estado, o que permitiu obter um panorama desses centros da rede estadual de ensino. Além do questionário estruturado, realizamos a análise dos documentos que normatizam as atividades do CEEJA, dos relatórios de acompanhamento pedagógico, além de normas e resoluções da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo. De modo geral, podemos afirmar que os docentes percebem que a flexibilidade e a individualização são características importantes para o curso e que a relação com os discentes é valorizada, especificamente no que se refere ao conhecimento que eles possuem. Por essa razão, fica explícito na fala dos professores um sentimento de valorização de seu trabalho e das práticas pedagógicas.

Este estudio buscó describir el vínculo educativo entre jóvenes tutores y tutorados adolescentes desde la perspectiva de los tutores. Los participantes fueron 10 tutores, de 18 a 22 años (M=20), que hayan ejercido la labor de tutoría por al menos seis meses con un mismo adolescente y que laboran en una institución educativa que brinda asesorías extra académicas y personalizadas. Se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo de diseño fenomenológico, aplicando la entrevista semi estructurada y un análisis de contenido utilizando como base los conceptos de la teoría de Caram (2011). Los resultados evidencian el sentir de los tutores respecto al vínculo con sus tutorados, definiéndolo como beneficioso, productivo, cercano y portador de afecto. Además, destacan la importancia del acompañamiento de los estudiantes en su proceso de desarrollo integral y la cercanía de edad como medio conductor de un aprendizaje bidireccional. Finalmente, se evidencia que los tutores perciben el vínculo educativo como un factor indispensable para el funcionamiento de la tutoría. / The Objective of the study was to describe the educational bond between young tutors and school-age adolescents from the tutor’s perspective. The participants were 10 tutors, from 18 to 22 years old (M = 20), who had practiced tutoring for at least six months with the same adolescent and who work in an educational institution that provides extra academic and personalized mentoring. A qualitative study of phenomenological design was developed, applying the semi-structured interview and a content analysis using the concepts of Caram's theory (2011) as a basis. The results show the feelings of the tutors regarding the bond with their tutored, defining it as beneficial, productive, close and bearer of affection. In addition, they highlight the importance of accompanying students in their integral development process and the proximity of age as a means of conducting two-way learning. Finally, it is evident that tutors perceive the educational bond as an indispensable factor for the functioning of the tutoring. / Tesis

Den svenska kommunala vuxenutbildningen har de senaste decennierna haft som inriktning att vara flexibel och anpassningsbar utifrån elevernas individuella behov. Den här avgränsade studien syftar till att utforska rektorers föreställningsvärldar och uppfattningar kring individualiseringen inom svensk kommunal vuxenutbildning. Fallstudien baseras på en analys av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med rektorer i två svenska storstäder. Resultatet visar att rektorerna i fallstudien uttrycker förståelse för och bottnar i styrdokumentens övergripande intention och riktning; inte minst när det gäller lärares förhållningssätt till den enskilda eleven i klassrummet, elevers val av tider och undervisningsformer samt den individuella handledningens betydelse. Här finns en bred samsyn kring individualiseringens nödvändighet och betydelse. Men rektorerna bär samtidigt på föreställningar om individualiseringens bortre gränser där de ser risker för motsättningar i prioriteringar mellan grupper i skolan, felaktigt använda resurser, hög arbetsbelastning på lärare samt en frustration över att inte kunna ställa krav på motprestationer från elevernas sida. Standardisering av undervisningen som en del av lösningen på detta är omstridd bland rektorerna medan digitaliseringen uppfattas som en möjlighet i processen. Förhoppningen är att studien kan utgöra en utgångspunkt och referensram för fortsatta studier om hur det lokala organisations- och ledningsperspektivet uppfattar individualiseringen inom svensk kommunal vuxenutbildning. / In recent decades, Swedish Basic Adult Education has focused on being flexible and adaptable based on students' individual needs. This study aims to explore principals' performances and perceptions of individualization in Swedish Basic Adult Education. The case study is based on an analysis of four semi structured interviews with principals in Basic Adult Education in two major Swedish cities. The results show that the principals express an understanding of, and are rooted in, the overall intention and direction of the governing documents; not least when it comes to teachers' attitudes towards individualized classroom practices, students' choice of times and forms of education and the importance of individual supervision. There is a broad consensus on the necessity and significance of individualization. But at the same time, the principals carry notions about the distant boundaries of individualization where they see risks of contradictions in priorities between groups in the school, ineffectively used resources, high workload on teachers and a frustration at not being able to demand any consideration in return from the students. Standardization of teaching as part of the solution is controversial among the principals, while digitalization is perceived as an opportunity in the process. Hopefully the study can constitute a starting point and frame of reference for further studies of how the local organizational and management perceives individualization in Basic Adult Education.

<p>Syftet med detta arbete är att ta reda på hur lärarna arbetar med försenad läs– och skrivutveckling. Jag har valt att undersöka vad en försenad läs- och skrivutveckling kan bero på, hur man som lärare kan arbeta med att förebygga svårigheterna och vad svårigheterna kan få för konsekvenser längre fram. Lärarna har en viktig roll i att lära eleverna läsa och skriva för att förbereda eleverna på det kommande vuxenlivet och ge dem möjlighet till vidareutbildning. Jag har valt att intervjua lärare i olika årskurser för att se hur man arbetar med svårigheterna på olika stadier. Jag har även valt att intervjua elever för att få en bild av hur de själva ser på sin läs- och skrivutveckling.</p><p>Min undersökning visar att det finns ett flertal orsaker till en försenad läs- och skrivutveckling som ofta samverkar med varandra. Elever har olika förutsättningar beroende på bland annat hemmiljö, emotionella problem och dålig fonologisk medvetenhet. Även lärarna har en stor och viktig roll, undervisningen måste individanpassas så att varje elev känner glädje och motivation för den utmaning de står inför. Lärarna måste också arbeta med att eleverna inte jämför sin egna utveckling med kamraternas och att eleverna lär för sin egen skull.</p> / <p>The purpose of this work is to find out how teachers work with delayed reading and writing development. I have chosen to investigate what a delay of reading and writing development depends on, how you, as a teacher, can prevent the difficulties and what consequences they can lead to in the future. The teachers have an important task in teaching the students to read and write, to prepare them for the future grown-up life and to give them possibilities for further development. I have chosen to interview teachers in different grades to see how they work with difficulties in different stages. I have also interviewed some students to get a picture of how they look upon their own reading and writing evolvement.</p><p>The result of my investigation is that there are a number of reasons for this problem that interact with each other. The students have different conditions regarding for example home environment, emotional problems and low phonologic awareness. The teachers play a big part in this question as well. The education has to be individually adjusted so that every student feels joy and motivation for the challenge they face. The teachers also need to have the students understand that they study for there own knowledge and that they should not compare themselves with other students.</p>

Syftet med detta arbete är att ta reda på hur lärarna arbetar med försenad läs– och skrivutveckling. Jag har valt att undersöka vad en försenad läs- och skrivutveckling kan bero på, hur man som lärare kan arbeta med att förebygga svårigheterna och vad svårigheterna kan få för konsekvenser längre fram. Lärarna har en viktig roll i att lära eleverna läsa och skriva för att förbereda eleverna på det kommande vuxenlivet och ge dem möjlighet till vidareutbildning. Jag har valt att intervjua lärare i olika årskurser för att se hur man arbetar med svårigheterna på olika stadier. Jag har även valt att intervjua elever för att få en bild av hur de själva ser på sin läs- och skrivutveckling. Min undersökning visar att det finns ett flertal orsaker till en försenad läs- och skrivutveckling som ofta samverkar med varandra. Elever har olika förutsättningar beroende på bland annat hemmiljö, emotionella problem och dålig fonologisk medvetenhet. Även lärarna har en stor och viktig roll, undervisningen måste individanpassas så att varje elev känner glädje och motivation för den utmaning de står inför. Lärarna måste också arbeta med att eleverna inte jämför sin egna utveckling med kamraternas och att eleverna lär för sin egen skull. / The purpose of this work is to find out how teachers work with delayed reading and writing development. I have chosen to investigate what a delay of reading and writing development depends on, how you, as a teacher, can prevent the difficulties and what consequences they can lead to in the future. The teachers have an important task in teaching the students to read and write, to prepare them for the future grown-up life and to give them possibilities for further development. I have chosen to interview teachers in different grades to see how they work with difficulties in different stages. I have also interviewed some students to get a picture of how they look upon their own reading and writing evolvement. The result of my investigation is that there are a number of reasons for this problem that interact with each other. The students have different conditions regarding for example home environment, emotional problems and low phonologic awareness. The teachers play a big part in this question as well. The education has to be individually adjusted so that every student feels joy and motivation for the challenge they face. The teachers also need to have the students understand that they study for there own knowledge and that they should not compare themselves with other students.

Au Québec, plusieurs jeunes-adultes et adultes décident à un moment donné de leur vie de s’inscrire à la formation générale des adultes (FGA) afin d’obtenir leur diplôme d’études secondaires (DES) ou de poursuivre leur parcours scolaire. L’objectif général de cette recherche est de comprendre la pratique d’enseignement la plus employée dans ce secteur -l’enseignement individualisé- et de permettre aux personnes qui la vivent au quotidien de pouvoir s’exprimer sur ses dimensions. Cette pédagogie particulière n’a pas fait l’objet d’une attention de la part de la recherche en formation générale des adultes. Dans le cadre de cette étude qualitative ethnographique, vingt informateurs ont été interviewés (dix apprenants et dix enseignants) et deux questionnaires, composés de quatre blocs chacun, leur ont été destinés. Pour atteindre le premier objectif spécifique de cette recherche, à savoir identifier les acteurs (enseignant-apprenant) du triangle pédagogique et décrire comment ils vivent leur relation dans l’enseignement individualisé, à la FGA, les composantes du triangle pédagogique de Houssaye ont été, dans un premier temps, utilisées et cela dans le but de connaitre les caractéristiques intrinsèques des formateurs et des apprenants ainsi que toutes les relations existantes entre eux. Ensuite, pour atteindre le deuxième objectif spécifique de cette recherche, à savoir mettre en lien les « perceptions » des acteurs du triangle pédagogique, en FGA, de l’enseignement individualisé au regard de l’autoformation, toutes les composantes de la théorie de l’autoformation de Carré ont été visées dans les questionnaires destinés aux informateurs. Les résultats révèlent que l’enseignement individualisé joint énormément la définition de l’autoformation éducative. / In Québec, many young adults and adults decide at some point in their lives to enroll in the adult education sector in order to obtain their high school diploma or to go further in their studies. The general objective of this research is to understand the teaching practice most used in this sector -individualized teaching and education- and to allow the people who live it on a daily basis to be able to express themselves on its dimensions. This particular pedagogy has not been the subject of attention by research in adult education. As part of this qualitative ethnographic study, twenty informants were interviewed (ten learners and ten teachers) and two questionnaires, consisting of four blocks each, were intended for them. To achieve the first specific objective of this research, namely to identify the actors (teacher-learner) of the pedagogical triangle and to describe how they live their relationship in individualized teaching, at adult education, the components of the educational triangle of Houssaye were, at first, used and this in order to know the intrinsic characteristics of the trainers and learners as well as all existing relationships between them. Then, to reach the second specific objective of this research, namely to link the "perceptions" of the actors of the pedagogical triangle, in FGA, of the individualized teaching with regard to the self-training, all the components of the theory of the self-training in Carré were included in the informant questionnaires. The results reveal that individualized teaching is a great complement to the definition of educational self-training.

The thesis is focused on the use of the Marie Montessori method at the second stage of the primary school. The first part explains the principles of Montessori education and training, including the introduction of appropriate didactic recommendations. There are mentioned possibilities of project teaching and description of the cooking project that is the subject of the research. The aim of this work was to find out what changes pupils perceive after completing the annual cooking project. The results showed that pupils learned how to cook, work in a team and how to resolve conflicts. They started eating more vegetables. Cooking is fun. In the future, pupils want to choose whether or not to participate in the project.

Denna studie tillhör deltagarorienterad forskning (PAR) i form av en forskningscirkel. Syftet var att beskriva och analysera en forskningscirkels kunskapsutveckling både gällande dess process och dess innehåll. Deltagarna i cirkeln var nio lärare som arbetar vid en komvuxskola och de undervisar vuxenelever i ämnena SFI, SVA och engelska. Forskningscirkelns fokus har varit frågor som gäller individanpassad undervisning inom komvuxutbildningar. I cirkeln har empiriska data kommit fram genom att låta deltagarna berätta sina livsberättelser om individanpassad undervisning och i gruppsamtal prata om individanpassad undervisning. I en växelverkan mellan deltagarnas erfarenheter om individanpassad undervisning och tidigare forskning inom detta område, arbetade vi i cirkeln fram metoder för individanpassad undervisning inom komvuxutbildningar. Deltagarna prövade dessa metoder i undervisningen. Metoderna som var utformade för individanpassad undervisning var både vitt och övergripande utformade, vilket var positivt på grund av att lärarna kunde anpassa metoderna och arbetssätten till varje elevgrupp och till enskilda vuxenelever. Resultatet visar att individanpassad undervisning bör utformas som individuell undervisning, en till en undervisning, mellan lärare och vuxenelev. Då kan vuxeneleven få individuell hjälp med studierna och eleven kan få arbetsuppgifter som är individuellt anpassad till hens förmåga att studera. Det har också framkommit att, det är viktigt att undervisningen är utformad utifrån relationell undervisning, vilket innebär att vuxeneleven både får möta lärare och andra elever under studiernas gång. Det innebär olika undervisningssätt som både är individanpassade, samtidigt som de utgår från en relationell undervisning. Det har framkommit i studien att relationell undervisning är särskilt viktigt i språkundervisningen. Det har också uppmärksammats individanpassade metoder som utgår från digital undervisning både inom individuell undervisning och relationell undervisning. I studien lyftes fram olika arbetssätt som utgår från digital undervisning. / This study belongs to the research tradition Participatory Action Research (PAR) in the form of a Research Circle. The task was to describe and analyse the process and content of knowledge development within a Research Circle. The participants in this circle were nine teacher who work at komvux, and teach adult students in subject such as SFI, SVA and English. In this circle with participating teachers, issues of individually adapted teaching in adult education have been in focus. In this circle, empirical data has been highlighted by having the participants tell life stories and in group interviews about the individualized teaching. In an interaction between the participants´ experiences of individually adapted teaching and previous research in this area, we in the circle developed methods for individually adapted teaching in adult education. The participants tried these methods in their teaching. The methods that were developed for individually adapted teaching were both broadly and comprehensive designed, which was positive because then the teacher can adapt the teaching methods to each student group and individual adult student. The result indicate that the individually adapted teaching needs to be designed based on individual teaching, one to one teaching between teacher and adult student. Then the adult student can receive individual support in their studies and receive tasks that are individually adapted to the student´s ability to study. It is also important that the teaching is designed based on relational teaching, were the adult student both meets the teacher and other students during the course of study. This means different working methods in teaching that are individually adapted based on relational teaching. Relational teaching is especially important in language teaching. It has also been highlighted methods for individually adapted teaching based on digital teaching which is both based on individual teaching and relational teaching. This digital teaching is based on different working methods that are highlighted in this study.