Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-31T17:36:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 simbiose_industrial.pdf: 1193186 bytes, checksum: be75c89b1eddae31918ce17781e9bf16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-31T17:36:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 simbiose_industrial.pdf: 1193186 bytes, checksum: be75c89b1eddae31918ce17781e9bf16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-06 / Comitesinos - Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos / FNMA - Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente / Pró-Sinos - Consórcio Público de Saneamento Básico da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos / SEMA - Secretaria Estadual do Meio Ambiente (RS) / Ao longo dos anos, o desenvolvimento industrial trouxe impactos positivos e negativos à sociedade. O setor metal mecânico está inserido neste contexto, pois se caracteriza como setor de grande impacto ambiental adverso, além de consumir recursos naturais, gera uma série de resíduos sólidos, efluentes líquidos e emissões atmosféricas. Na Simbiose Industrial, os vários agentes (stakeholders) que participam, direta ou indiretamente, das atividades das empresas são os grandes propulsores das mudanças em prol da prevenção da poluição. Essa relação entre as partes pode acontecer de diversas formas, formando uma rede de melhorias ambientais conjuntas. É exatamente neste ponto que esta pesquisa pretende expandir-se e estudar a inter-relação das empresas com seus demais atores. Quem motiva quem? Quem ou quais são as molas propulsoras das mudanças ambientais? Que interrelações com esse propósito já acontecem nas empresas? De que forma ocorrem? Essas questões, abrangentes e complexas, são avaliadas e discutidas ao longo deste trabalho e aprofundadas em estudos de caso realizados em três empresas do setor. O estudo também contempla uma identificação das indústrias deste setor na área de abrangência citada, que aponta 331 empresas localizadas em 17 municípios dos trechos médio e inferior da Bacia dos Sinos, que é onde ocorrem os maiores impactos negativos oriundos de atividades industriais. Dentro do contexto apresentado, o presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo o de contribuir para a minimização dos impactos ambientais gerados pelo setor metal-mecânico na Bacia do Rio dos Sinos, tendo como horizonte a Ecologia Industrial. Aliando os resultados da identificação das indústrias e dos estudos de caso, o presente trabalho propõe um modelo de Simbiose Industrial, com o foco em coprodutos, aplicável ao setor, na área de abrangência da Bacia dos Sinos. O modelo é composto de sete etapas, que impulsionam as melhorias ambientais dos participantes, englobando desde a realização de uma gestão ambiental preventiva até a criação de uma rede de intercâmbios de co-produtos e recursos intangíveis, como conhecimento e informações. Para tal, diversos stakeholders são fundamentais, como entidades de apoio, universidades e instituições de fomento. Os estudos de caso demonstram que não existe uma única resposta à questão sobre os motivos das empresas para aprimorarem-se ambientalmente. A empresa X possui uma motivação exclusivamente cultural. A Empresa Y tem sua motivação mais arraigada na pessoa do diretor da empresa no que na empresa, embora exista um grande esforço do diretor para tal. Já na Empresa Z, a motivação é exclusivamente estratégica. De qualquer forma, os estudos demonstram que a cultura ou educação ambiental direcionam os motivos da mudança. Identificaram-se relações simbióticas entre empresas e stakeholders nos três casos estudados. / Over the years, industrial development has brought positive and negative impacts on society. The metal mechanic sector is em bedded in this respect because it is characterized as a sector of major adverse environmental impact, in addition to consuming natural resources; it generates a series of solid wastes, liquid effluents and atmospheric emissions. Industrial Symbiosis in the various actors (stakeholders) involved, directly or indirectly, the activities of firms are major drivers of change towards pollution prevention. This relationship between the parties can happen in various ways, such as forming a network of joint environmental improvements. It is exactly this point that it intends to expand and explore the inter-relation of the companies with their other players. Who drives whom? Who or what are the mains prings of environmental change? Those inter-relationships for this purpose is already happening in business? How do they occur? These issues, comprehensive and complex, are addressed, evaluated and discussed throughout this work and in-depth case studies in three companies in the industry. The study also includes an identification of the industries of this sector in the area range cited, which identifies 331 companies located in 17 cities from the medium and lower Basin of the Sinos River, which is where the greatest impacts occur from industrial activities. Within the context presented, this dissertation ma in objective is to contribute to the minimization of environmental impacts caused by the metal-mechanic sector in the Basin of Sinos River, having in mind the Industrial Ecology. Combining the results of identification of industries and case studies, this dissertation proposes a model of industrial symbiosis, focusing on by-products, applicable to the sector in the area of the Basin of the Sinos River. The model consists of seven steps that drive environmental improvements of the participants, comprising the implementation of a preventive environmental management for creating a network for exchange of by-products and intangible assets such as knowledge and information. To this end, several stakeholders are the key, such as support entities, universities and funding institutions. The case studies show that there is no single answer to the question about the motives of companies to improve themselves environmentally. Company X has a purely cultural motivation. Company Y has its motivation rooted more in the person of the company's director from the company, although there is a great director for this effort. In the Z Company, the motivation is purely strategic. Anyway, studies show that culture or environmental education directs the reasons for the change. It was identified symbiotic relationships between companies and stakeholders in the three cases studied.

Att arbeta i projekt är en allt vanligare arbetsform som tillskrivs vara mer effektiv än den traditionella. Trots detta har projektorganisationer svårt att dra lärdomar av tidigare misstag, därför riskeras de att återupprepas i andra projekt. Det finns påtagliga brister i inhämtningen av kunskap från tidigare projekt, men också i lagrandet av dessa erfarenheter. Utvärdering är ett verktyg som syftar till att reflektera och samla in erfarenheter och kunskaper som genererats i ett projekt. Det är också en förutsättning för att de ska kunna vidareförmedlas. Syftet med studien är därför att ta reda på hur en projektorganisation använder sig av utvärdering för lärande mellan projekt. För att genomföra detta kontaktades en multinationell projektorganisation som hädanefter kallas CS. Vi genomförde en fallstudie där både intervjuer med projektledare och utvärderingsmaterial inhämtades. Det empiriska materialet analyserades och jämfördes med den teoretiska referensramen vilket resulterade i två modeller. Den första modellen beskriver det inter-projektuella lärandet som ligger till grund för kunskapsutbytet mellan projekt. Den andra modellen visar mer ingående utvärderingens kritiska punkter från ett projekt till ett annat. Studien stärker att utvärdering och lärande mellan projekt är ett eftersatt område i projektorganisationer. De uppfattas ofta som tråkiga, ostrukturerade och som att de saknar mottagare. Även andra kritiska punkter i processen som är vitala för att kunskap ska spridas mellan projekt har uppmärksammats. De är att ledningen stöttar genomförandet och inhämtandet av tidigare utvärderingsmaterial, att databasen är användarvänlig och att nätverk aktivt används. En reflekterande utvärdering bidrar till utökad individuell kunskap, men även utförligare dokument som kan lagras i organisationen. Detta är något som långsiktigt leder till kunskapsutveckling för organisationer. Studien visar också att kunskapsspridningen mellan parallellt pågående projekt varken prioriteras i forskning eller inom organisationer. Det finns däremot stor utvecklingspotential inom detta område. / Program: Civilekonomprogrammet

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Mattar (2).pdf: 2314757 bytes, checksum: cbf3ba35b4fb7579b28ae1a441a1e126 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-10 / This research aimed to evaluate the relations amongst inter organizational learning, relational capability and performance of international joint ventures (IJVs), in the Brazilian food industry. In a business context shaped by competitiveness and organizational efficiency, within an increasingly interconnected world, IJVs have become a major force of multinational enterprises global strategies. Despite bringing potential synergistic benefits, the IJVs are inherently unstable organizational forms as the incentives for competition are contradictory with cooperation between the joint ventures partners. IJVs represent a vehicle for inter organizational learning which is influenced by their ability to manage alliances, known as relational capability. The Brazilian food industry was chosen because it provides a rich source of data relevant to this research s goals, mainly because of its rapid technological evolution as well as due to opening the country s boundaries to international trade. This has enhanced the industry s competitiveness primarily due to the entry of large multinational companies. A qualitative methodology with multiple case studies approach was adopted. Data were collected through six interviews with three senior executives of each IJV and handled using the thematic category content analyses technique with a priori categorization. The results corroborates with the existing literature by confirming that in IJVs oriented towards (financial) results, performance is evaluated through a set of objective measures and that IJV longevity or its termination shall not be used as performance indicators. It reinforces that, IJVs represent an important inter companies knowledge transfer channel influenced by its partners competitiveness, knowing that competitiveness is not only defined by the business activity overlap but also by the different dimensions and strategic agendas between the partners. The evidence of relational capability in the JVIs through effective governance models, promotes inter organizational learning and contribute to improve the IJVs performances. With regards to the managerial contribution the research s outputs offers a broader portfolio of knowledge for enterprises and managers interested either in acquiring or strengthening their know-how on this field. The limitations identified in this study are related to the type of alliances (IJV), the sector of the economy (food industry) and the geographical restriction, which all represents opportunities for future research. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as relações entre aprendizagem interorganizacional, a capacidade relacional e o desempenho das joint ventures internacionais (JVIs) no setor de alimentos no Brasil. Em um contexto de negócios moldados pela competitividade e eficiência organizacional, em um mundo cada vez mais interconectado, JVIs se tornaram uma importante força nas estratégias globais das empresas multinacionais. Apesar dos potenciais benefícios sinérgicos esperados, as JVIs são inerentemente formas organizacionais instáveis, uma vez que os incentivos à competição entre os parceiros são contraditórios com a cooperação entre eles. As JVIs são reconhecidamente veículos de aprendizagem inter oganizacional influenciados pelo desenvolvimento da capacidade de gestão da aliança, ou seja, a capacidade relacional. A aprendizagem interorganizacional explora as dinâmicas envolvidas com a aprendizagem colaborativa e competitiva entre os parceiros para gerar vantagem competitiva. Escolheu-se o setor de alimentos no Brasil em função de sua relevância para os objetivos da pesquisa, destacando-se a rápida evolução tecnológica do processo produtivo, a abertura comercial brasileira e o aumento da concorrência, especialmente pela entrada de grandes empresas multinacionais no setor. O estudo adota a metodologia qualitativa a partir da estratégia de estudo de casos múltiplos, envolvendo os gestores que participam da gestão de duas JVIs selecionadas. Os dados foram coletados via seis entrevistas com três executivos seniores de cada JVI e foram tratados se utilizando a técnica de análise categorial temática com categorias definidas a-priori. Os resultados obtidos corroboram com a literatura existente ao confirmar que nas JVIs direcionadas aos resultados o desempenho é avaliado pelo conjunto de métricas objetivas e, longevidade ou término das JVIs não deve ser utilizado como indicadores de desempenho. Ratifica que JVIs representam um importante canal de transferência de conhecimento entre organizações, influenciado pela natureza competitiva entre os parceiros, sendo que a natureza competitiva não é só função da sobreposição nos segmentos de atuação, mas também das diferenças em dimensões e agendas estratégicas entre eles. A existência da capacidade relacional nas JVIs, por sua vez, através de modelos de governança efetivos, favorece a aprendizagem interorganizacional e contribui para um melhor desempenho destas JVIs. Quanto às contribuições para a prática da gestão, este estudo, através das proposições apresentadas, oferece um portfólio de conhecimento para organizações e gestores interessados na formação ou que necessitam aumentar seu entendimento sobre as dinâmicas envolvidas nesta forma organizacional. As limitações identificadas neste estudo, relacionadas ao tipo de aliança estudada, setsetor da economia e restrição geográfica, implicam em oportunidades para futuras pesquisas.

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政府組織導入資訊科技後，帶來進步與改變的契機。過去研究從發展階段論探討此議題，多預設科技會依獨立自主的邏輯發展而對社會造成衝擊，因此主要的管理工作是協助社會大眾適應不可逆轉的科技發展。然而，這些學理上的臆測，在田野真實性是愈往發展後期愈下降，造成理論與實務的脫節。本研究從科技與社會研究（Science, Technology and Society, STS）學術脈絡下手，從實務觀察中，致力於挖掘科技和社會間雙向互動、相互形塑的關係；並主張以契合式纏繞(aligned-entanglement) 觀點，探討科技與政府組織相互形塑呈現出轉型的動態歷程。 本研究援引交引纏繞式（entanglement model）互動的模型，加上科技契合(technology alignment)觀點，應用於電子化政府整合型服務之研究，以解釋為何纏繞產生非預期結果，以致走向轉型。因為資訊科技特性需連結兩個以上組織才可讓資訊跨組織流通，所以科技與組織互動的轉型態樣有別於以往單一組織與科技互動的態樣。本研究在分析架構上的貢獻有三：1. 提出以科技契合的交引纏繞歷程觀點探討轉型，修正及補強以交引纏繞歷程觀點來分析轉型，2.開發出探討跨組織科技契合的分析構面，抽離出田野背後的運作邏輯， 3.重新詮釋公共服務的創新擴散，將以往僅探討科技創新與採用的關係，再行深入，把科技設計者從科技創新分離出，成為探討科技設計者、科技創新以及採用的關係， 由此進一步剖析當科技展演無效而發生轉型現象的論述。 本研究根據此看法，採質性多個案研究法來分析台灣電子化政府發展中兩個整合型公共服務，分別是「農產品產銷履歷系統」以及「G2G2B公文電子交換系統」，探討社會/科技集體從萌生到關係穩定化的歷程，或是位移如何發生，由此探知轉型過程。研究發現四種交引纏繞樣態皆有可能導致社會/科技集體的轉型，分別是「科技誤用，對服務真諦不了解」、「科技挪用，妥協下的次佳選擇」、「科技不適用，未立即傳遞的服務」以及「科技不用/科技調適，端視服務內容可被替代程度而定」四個纏繞軌跡的樣態。其共同特點是剛開始科技與跨組織各要素是契合的，雖偶有不契合也多以微調方式修正即可；但是逐漸在各執行面都有一些偏差，在科技展演無效後，科技設計者在權衡情境後所採取的解決方案，進一步呈現出可能的解釋因素，分別是對「科技精神」的了解程度、設計者對環境變化的認知、或科技特性在特定歷史環境不易充分發揮、或是對服務真諦的了解程度等。 本研究提出契合式纏繞觀點，相信這樣的研究成果會深化電子化政府轉型式發展的分析。本研究建議，在無效科技展演後，要預留迴旋空間(leeway)重新開啟科技的詮釋，允許不僅檢討「進度」達成與否，更要檢討「目標」是否合適，如此該社會/科技集體的纏繞式轉型才較不會走偏。 / The implementation of information technology by government entities brings opportunities for progress and change. The conventional wisdom of technology determinism considers the development of e-government as irreversible and the key objective is to assimilate the users to adopt the technology. However, these theoretical speculations tend to lose their explanation power during the later stages of e-government deployment. In other words, there is a mismatch between theory and practice. This study argues that the adoption of technology in governmental organizations is a result of interactions amongst factors such as strategic alignment, IT alignment, IT-structural and process alignment, business alignment, and service alignment. This study illustrates the dynamic entangled process in offering integrated services for e-government and describes the trajectories of this transformation. The aligned-entanglement perspective is then used to provide a better explanation than the punctuated-equilibrium and situated change perspectives. Three main contributions are made by this thesis. First, it proposes a new model to explore governmental organizational transformation. Second, it develops an analytical framework and makes explicit the operation logics of field practice. Thirdly, it re-interprets the diffusion of innovation in public services by incorporating technology designers, the technology itself, and the adopters as distinct actors in the transformation process. Qualitative case study method is used to analyze the implementation of two integrated public e-services in Taiwan: “Agriculture and Food Traceability System” and “G2G2B Electronic Document Exchange System”. The field studies show how the social/technical collective becomes stabilized overtime or how displacement occurs. This paper finds four patterns of displacement: misuse of technology through lack of understanding, the inappropriation of technology, the inapplicability of technology resulting in non-usage, and resistance or adaptation depending on suitability to the adopter’s tasks at hand. The common theme of these patterns is that, while minor misalignment can be fine-tuned in the beginning, these misalignments tend to accumulate through out the execution phases resulting in ineffective performance outcomes. Furthermore, the choices of technology designers to remedy these issues shed light on issues influencing the outcome; namely, misunderstanding of “technology spirit”, designers’ lack of sensitivity to environment change, the poor fit of technology features given its contemporary government context, and lack of understanding on the essence of services. This study proposes aligned-entanglement perspective and enriches the understanding of transformation in e-government development. This study suggests that, upon ineffective performances in technology, one should make leeway in the calibration of the deployment. By assessing the appropriateness of the initial goals in addition to reviewing progress milestones achievement, the social/technical collective is less likely to go down the wrong path in this (transformation) process.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4838.pdf: 2003441 bytes, checksum: 4cf744b7e6944f412ab80683dec07735 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-20 / This survey aims to investigate the inter-organizational relationships of a company that in a same industrial plant, concentrates its activities into two distinct markets: the automotive and white goods. Therefore, its purpose is to identify and detail how different requirements of different economic sectors, characterized by unequal positions in supply chain and by physical flows and quirky information, interfere in the organizational design of a company that operates directly in two chains. To meet this goal, there was the selection of up-and downstream links, that is, suppliers and customers of the automotive and white goods market. Soon, was set a case study involving four suppliers and six central enterprise customers. The empirical clipping adopted contemplated the construction of immediate central chain company by which flow all interorganizational relations selected. The comparative research of upstream and downstream relationships occurred through questionnaires that sought to identify and translate the central company interactions with selected organizations, as well as to clarify their form of simultaneous actions in the sectors of automotive, white goods and with support of the theories of supply chain, supply chain management and networks. In summary, the results of this research showed that the company central: (1) Gets cost advantages in its operations in the automotive and white goods segment, on the basis of complementarities; (2) presents an organizational design shaped by the way in which production is performed to company C (b) 1, for the different sectors, by his training and entry into the market, by productive restructuring processes occurring in the white line and automotive markets, for its strategic options and by its placement in the automotive supply chain and white line; (3) when you join at the first level of the automotive supply chain had access to a large number of challenges and opportunities that, if properly addressed, will configure itself in a growth, characterized by structural changes that will include a new dimensioning of your strategic business units in order to remodel your current organizational design, as well as their relationships with customers and suppliers. / Esta pesquisa tem por finalidade investigar as relações interorganizacionais de uma empresa que em uma mesma planta industrial, concentra sua atuação em dois mercados distintos: o de linha branca e o automotivo. Por conseguinte, seu propósito está em identificar e pormenorizar de que forma exigências distintas de setores econômicos diferentes, caracterizadas por posicionamentos desiguais na cadeia de suprimentos e por fluxos físicos e de informação peculiares, interferem no desenho organizacional de uma empresa que atua diretamente em duas cadeias produtivas. Para cumprir este objetivo, houve a seleção de elos à montante e à jusante, isto é, fornecedores e clientes do mercado de linha branca e automotivo. Logo, foi definido um estudo de caso que envolveu quatro fornecedores e seis clientes da empresa central. O recorte empírico adotado contemplou a construção da cadeia imediata à empresa central, pela qual fluem todas as relações interorganizacionais selecionadas. A investigação comparativa das relações à montante e à jusante ocorreu por meio de questionários que visaram identificar e traduzir as interações da empresa central com as organizações selecionadas, bem como esclarecer sua forma de atuação simultânea nos setores de linha branca e automotivo, com respaldo das teorias da cadeia de suprimentos, da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos e de redes. Em síntese, os resultados dessa pesquisa apontaram que a empresa central: (1) Obtém vantagens de custo em sua atuação no segmento de linha branca e automotiva, em função das complementaridades; (2) Apresenta um desenho organizacional moldado pela forma pela qual a produção é realizada para a empresa C(b)1, para os distintos setores, por seu histórico de formação e ingresso no mercado, pelos processos de reestruturação produtiva ocorridos nos mercados de linha branca e automotivo, por suas opções estratégicas e por seu posicionamento na cadeia automotiva e de linha branca; (3) Ao ingressar no primeiro nível de fornecimento da cadeia automotiva teve acesso a um grande número de desafios e oportunidades que, se devidamente superados, configurar-se-ão em um crescimento, caracterizado por mudanças estruturais que incluirão um novo dimensionamento de suas unidades estratégicas de negócios, de modo a remodelar seu atual desenho organizacional, bem como seus relacionamentos com clientes e fornecedores.

Cette thèse propose une analyse croisée des coopérations inter-organisationnelles territorialisées (CIOT) et du capital social, entendu comme l'ensemble de ressources accessibles aux organisations généré par leurs relations professionnelles. Pour cela, nous développons une méthode rapprochant une caractérisation des réseaux sociaux professionnels par classification des acteurs et relations, avec les formes de coopérations révélées par une analyse qualitative. Cette méthode est appliquée au thermalisme dans les Landes, secteur captif d'une ressource locale, l'eau minérale naturelle, et caractérisé par la proximité de nombreux acteurs publics et privés qui s'interrogent sur leurs coopérations en vue de s'adapter aux mutations de leur environnement. Nos résultats mettent à jour les liens entre le capital social collectif détenu par l'ensemble des organisations publiques et privées du thermalisme dans Les Landes et deux types de CIOT. D'une part, notre analyse indique qu'un capital social collectif faible entrave la gouvernance territoriale mixte (publique-privée). D'autre part, nos résultats suggèrent que les difficultés de la coopétition entre acteurs privés concurrents proches géographiquement ne s'expliquent pas uniquement par leur capital social collectif, mais par d'autres facteurs, en particulier humains. / This thesis provides a cross analysis of local inter-organizational cooperations (LIOC) and social capital, understood as accessible resources through professional relationships. For this purpose, we develop an analysis method that reconciles the characterization of professional social networks by the classification of actors and relations, with forms of cooperation revealed by a qualitative analysis.This method is applied to thermalism in Les Landes. This sector is strongly entrenched in the local mineral water resource and is characterized by the proximity of numerous public and private actors who question their cooperations in order to adapt to their evolving environment.The results indicate links between social capital owned by all private and public actors of thermalism in Les Landes and two kinds of LIOC. First, our analysis show that weak collective social capital hinders mixed (public-private) local governance. Second, our results suggest that difficulties of coopetition between geographically close private competitors may not only due to collective social capital, but they could be explained by other factors, particularly human factors.

L’objet de ce travail doctoral est d’analyser les conditions d’émergence d’une démarche de changement RSE et de diffusion de connaissances entre les parties prenantes d’un événementiel dans le contexte spécifique d’un centre des congrès et/ou d’un parc des expositions. En combinant la théorie des parties prenantes, la théorie de l’acteur réseau et les conceptualisations théoriques du transfert de connaissances, notre recherche propose d’appréhender simultanément la manière dont chaque partie prenante va être actrice de la dynamique de changement RSE d’un événement ainsi que les mécanismes de construction et de diffusion des connaissances RSE entre ces dernières durant ce processus. Notre méthodologie empirique est basée sur une étude de cas unique enchâssée réalisée dans le cadre d’une convention CIFRE au sein d’Angers Expo Congrès, une entreprise en charge de la gestion d’un centre des congrès et d’un parc des expositions. Dans cette optique, nous avons étudié deux unités d’analyse : 1) la démarche RSE de l’organisation et 2) celle de son salon professionnel Sival. Les résultats de notre recherche permettent d’identifier et de positionner les parties prenantes dans la dynamique de changement RSE d’un événement. Ils mettent aussi en lumière les modalités de l’action collective autour de la dynamique de changement RSE d’un événement et révèlent les modalités de transfert inter-organisationnel de connaissances entre ses parties prenantes. Ce travail doctoral propose conjointement une véritable méthodologie de conduite du changement RSE associant les parties prenantes d’un événementiel et des leviers d’actions pour faciliter la diffusion des connaissances RSE entre elles. / The purpose of this doctoral research is to analyse the conditions for the emergence of a CSR change process and knowledge transfer between an event stakeholders in the specific context of a convention centre and/or exhibition complex. By combining stakeholder theory, actor network theory and theoretical conceptualizations of knowledge transfer approach, our research proposes simultaneously to understand how each stakeholder is an actor in the event CSR process and the methods facilitating the construction and dissemination of CSRknowledge between them during the process. Our empirical methodology is based on a single case study carried out under a research contract (CIFRE) in Angers Expo Congrès, a company in charge of a convention centre and exhibition complex. In this context, we study two units of analysis: 1) the CSR approach of the organization and 2) the CSR approach of the tradeshow Sival. The results of our research identify and positionthe stakeholders in the event CSR change process. They also highlight the methods of collective action around the event CSR change process and the methods of inter-organizational knowledge transfer between stakeholders. This doctoral research jointly offers a real methodology for conducting CSR change involving event stakeholders and levers for action in order to facilitate the dissemination of CSR knowledge between them.

Abstract The infrastructure and construction industry has for decades suffered from problems such as cost overruns, delays, disputes and low productivity. To transform old adversarial practices and industrial culture into more collaborative and innovative ways of working, new operational models for project delivery have been introduced. A project alliance is among the models developed to improve infrastructure and construction project performance by addressing problems of fragmentation and lack of integration. However, the growing body of conceptual and empirical research on project alliances within the field of project management does not include any in-depth investigation of the capability requirements and relevant processes for managing alliance projects. The goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the project alliance literature within the field of project management by exploring the capabilities needed by an inter-organizational alliance project organization and participating organizations to manage project alliances in the infrastructure and construction context. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing the case study method and in-depth interviews as research methods. The empirical results, which relate to the first project alliances in the Finnish infrastructure and construction industry, highlight the importance of the alliance project organization’s collective capabilities for managing project alliances. Among these capabilities, inter-organizational integration management, collaborative project identity formation and opportunity management are of particular importance. In addition, each participating organization requires specific project alliance capability, which comprises both the ability to implement key activities over the project life cycle and the skills required by project-based organizations and participating individuals. Together, these organizational and project network-level capabilities form the basis for managing such projects. / Tiivistelmä Infrastruktuuri- ja rakennusteollisuus on kärsinyt kustannusten ylityksistä, myöhästymisistä, erimielisyyksistä ja heikosta tuottavuudesta jo kymmenien vuosien ajan. Jotta vanhat, vastakkainasetteluun perustuvat käytännöt ja toimintakulttuuri voitaisiin muuttaa, uusia projektien toteutusmalleja on otettu käyttöön. Projektiallianssi on yksi yhteistoiminnallisista malleista, joka on kehitetty vähentämään toimialan sirpaloitumista ja edistämään integroitumista tavoitteena infrastruktuuri- ja rakennusalan projektien suorituskyvyn parantaminen. Lisääntyvästä konseptuaalisesta ja empiirisestä tutkimuksesta huolimatta, projektiallianssiin kohdistuva tutkimus ei ole tarkastellut organisaatioiden kyvykkyysvaatimuksia ja keskeisimpiä allianssin johtamiseen liittyviä prosesseja riittävän syvällisesti. Väitöskirjan tavoite on edistää projektiallianssin tutkimusta tuottamalla uutta tieto allianssihankkeisiin osallistuvien organisaatioiden kyvykkyysvaatimuksista sekä yhteisistä kyvykkyyksistä, joita projektiorganisaatio tarvitsee allianssiprojektin hallintaan infrastruktuuri- ja rakennusalalla. Tutkimus on toteutettu laadullisena tapaus- ja haastattelututkimuksena. Suomen ensimmäisistä infrastruktuuri- ja rakennusalan allianssihankkeista saadut empiiriset tulokset korostavat allianssiprojektiorganisaation yhteisten kyvykkyyksien merkitystä. Kyvykkyysvaatimukset kohdistuvat erityisesti organisaatioiden välisen integraation johtamiseen, yhteistyötä korostavan projekti-identiteetin muodostamiseen ja mahdollisuuksien hallintaan allianssiprojektissa. Näiden yhteisten kyvykkyyksien lisäksi jokainen organisaatio tarvitsee projektiallianssikyvykkyyden, joka koostuu allianssihankkeiden käynnistämiseen ja hallintaan tarvittavista taidoista ja kyvystä toteuttaa eri elinkaaren vaiheen kannalta keskeisiä toimintoja. Hankkeeseen osallistuvan organisaation projektiallianssikyvykkyys ja yhteiset projektiverkoston kyvykkyydet luovat perustan allianssihankkeen hallinnalle.

Over the recent years, the paradigm of Innovation Laboratories (abr. InnoLabs) is gaining an increasing attention among business organizations as a potential source of assistance in the process of the development of new or the improvement of their existing products and/or services. Business organizations approach the InnoLabs in the search for assistance in dealing with the challenges of the often times complex and uncertain innovation process, and ultimately become successful in their innovation projects. Although the overall goal of the existing InnoLabs is to support the systematic, effective, and efficient innovation development, they target different innovation challenges and thereby vary in their focus and service offerings. As a consequence, all the innovation support that might be needed in the course of an innovation process remains dispersed among different InnoLabs. In this esteem, this thesis aims to centralize all the mediated support offered by the existing InnoLabs by bringing them into a collaborative network. In pursuance of this, initially, the diversity among the existing InnoLabs in terms of their structural and functional manifestations is explored by employing a triangulation of online survey and in-depth expert interviews with the InnoLab facilitators. Subsequently, based on the diversity observed herein, the incentives, approaches, and possibilities of interconnection among InnoLabs are determined. Having conceptualized the framework for inter-InnoLab collaboration, the next part of this thesis deals with facilitating such collaborations in an online space. The internet, since its inception, has drastically altered the practices of intra- and inter-organizational connectivity. Recently, one could observe a growing interest among all types of organizations towards the social networking sites (abr. SNSs) as an effective medium for reaching out to a global audience. As a result, a significant amount of business related information is already available and continuously accumulating on SNSs. However, the SNSs fall inadequate in supporting the inter-InnoLab collaboration because of the missing dedicated functionalities, isolated platform boundaries, platform dependencies, lack of support for domain-specific features, privacy concerns, and issues of data transparency. In response to this, this thesis advocates the designing of dedicated inter-organizational collaboration platforms with seamless integration of SNS data. Successively, employing a design science research approach, a dedicated, domain specific, and SNS integrated web-based collaboration platform (the InnoLab_Net) is designed for supporting inter-InnoLab collaborative activities.